Academic literature on the topic 'Viral gene segments'
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Journal articles on the topic "Viral gene segments"
Wendel, Isabel, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Jennifer Doedt, Georg Kochs, Jochen Wilhelm, Peter Staeheli, Hans-Dieter Klenk, and Mikhail Matrosovich. "The Avian-Origin PB1 Gene Segment Facilitated Replication and Transmissibility of the H3N2/1968 Pandemic Influenza Virus." Journal of Virology 89, no. 8 (January 28, 2015): 4170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03194-14.
Full textKohl, Alain, Anice C. Lowen, Vincent H. J. Léonard, and Richard M. Elliott. "Genetic elements regulating packaging of the Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus genome." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81227-0.
Full textJan, Fuh-Jyh, Carmen Fagoaga, Sheng-Zhi Pang, and Dennis Gonsalves. "A single chimeric transgene derived from two distinct viruses confers multi-virus resistance in transgenic plants through homology-dependent gene silencing." Journal of General Virology 81, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 2103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-8-2103.
Full textFroggatt, Heather M., Kaitlyn N. Burke, Ryan R. Chaparian, Hector A. Miranda, Xinyu Zhu, Benjamin S. Chambers, and Nicholas S. Heaton. "Influenza A virus segments five and six can harbor artificial introns allowing expanded coding capacity." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): e1009951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009951.
Full textDuponchel, Sarah, Cécile Troupin, Lan Trang Vu, Aurélie Schnuriger, Germain Trugnan, and Antoine Garbarg-Chenon. "Transfection of exogenous rotavirus rearranged RNA segments in cells infected with a WT rotavirus results in subsequent gene rearrangements." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 9 (September 1, 2014): 2089–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.065573-0.
Full textJan, Fuh-Jyh, Carmen Fagoaga, Sheng-Zhi Pang, and Dennis Gonsalves. "A minimum length of N gene sequence in transgenic plants is required for RNA-mediated tospovirus resistance." Microbiology 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-1-235.
Full textMarsh, Glenn A., Raúl Rabadán, Arnold J. Levine, and Peter Palese. "Highly Conserved Regions of Influenza A Virus Polymerase Gene Segments Are Critical for Efficient Viral RNA Packaging." Journal of Virology 82, no. 5 (December 19, 2007): 2295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02267-07.
Full textGao, Qinshan, Man-Seong Park, and Peter Palese. "Expression of Transgenes from Newcastle Disease Virus with a Segmented Genome." Journal of Virology 82, no. 6 (January 16, 2008): 2692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02341-07.
Full textGao, Qinshan, Edward W. A. Brydon, and Peter Palese. "A Seven-Segmented Influenza A Virus Expressing the Influenza C Virus Glycoprotein HEF." Journal of Virology 82, no. 13 (April 30, 2008): 6419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00514-08.
Full textMuramoto, Yukiko, Ayato Takada, Ken Fujii, Takeshi Noda, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Shinji Watanabe, Taisuke Horimoto, Hiroshi Kida, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka. "Hierarchy among Viral RNA (vRNA) Segments in Their Role in vRNA Incorporation into Influenza A Virions." Journal of Virology 80, no. 5 (March 1, 2006): 2318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.5.2318-2325.2006.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Viral gene segments"
Pritchard, Lindsay Ian, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Evolutionary relationships among bluetongue and related orbivuses." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1993. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051017.141925.
Full textBuckwalter, Daniel James. "Non-covalent Intermolecular Interactions in Polymer Design: Segmented Copolymers to Non-viral Gene Delivery Vectors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50926.
Full textAmide containing segmented copolymers relies heavily on hydrogen bonding intermolecular interactions for physical crosslinking to impart the necessary microphase separated morphology responsible for a copolymers physical properties. Amide containing hard segments are composed of various chemical structures from crystalline aramids to amorphous alkyl amides with each structure possessing unique intermolecular interactions. Variations to either of the copolymer segments alters the copolymers physical properties allowing for tuning of a copolymers properties for a particular application. The synthetic strategies, structure-property relationships, and physical properties of amide containing segmented copolymers are thoroughly reported in the literature. Each class of segmented copolymer that contain amide hydrogen bonding groups exhibits a wide range of tunable properties desirable for many applications. The segmented copolymers discussed here include poly(ether-block-amide)s, poly(ether ester amide)s, poly(ester amide)s, poly(oxamide)s, PDMS polyamides, and polyamides containing urethane, urea, or imide groups.
The structure-property relationships (SPR) of poly(oxamide) segmented copolymers is not well understood with only one report currently found in literature. The effects of oxamide spacing in the hard segment and molecular weight of the soft segments in PDMS poly(oxamide) segmented copolymers demonstrated the changes in physical properties associated with minor structural variations. The optically clear PDMS poly(oxamide) copolymers possessed good mechanical properties after bulk polymerization of ethyl oxalate terminated PDMS oligomers with alkyl diamines or varied length. FTIR spectroscopy experiments revealed an ordered hydrogen bonding carbonyl stretching band for each copolymer and as the spacing between oxamide groups increased, the temperature at which the hard segment order was disrupted decreased. The increased spacing between oxamide groups also led to a decrease in the flow temperature observed with dynamic mechanical analysis. Copolymer tensile properties decrease with increased oxamide spacing as well as the hysteresis. The structure-property investigations of PDMS poly(oxamide) segmented copolymers showed that the shortest oxamide spacing resulted in materials with optimal mechanical properties.
A new class of non-chain extended segmented copolymers that contained both urea and oxamide hydrogen bonding groups in the hard segment were synthesized. PDMS poly(urea oxamide) (PDMS-UOx) copolymers displayed thermoplastic elastomer behavior with enhanced physical properties compared to PDMS polyurea (PDMS-U) controls. Synthesis of a difunctional oxamic hydrazide terminated PDMS oligomer through a two-step end capping procedure with diethyl oxalate and hydrazine proved highly efficient. Solution polymerization of the oxamic hydrazide PDMS oligomers with HMDI afforded the desired PDMS-UOx segmented copolymer, which yielded optically clear, tough elastomeric films. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed a large temperature insensitive rubbery plateau that extended up to 186 ÚC for PDMS-UOx copolymers and demonstrated increased rubbery plateau ranges of up to 120 ÚC when compared to the respective PDMS-U control. The increase in thermomechanical properties with the presence of oxamide groups in the hard segment was due to the increased hydrogen bonding, which resulted in a higher degree of microphase separation. DMA, SAXS, and AFM confirmed better phase separation of the PDMS-UOx copolymers compared to PDMS-U controls and DSC and WAXD verified the amorphous character of PDMS-UOx. Oxamide incorporation showed a profound effect on the physical properties of PDMS-UOx copolymers compared to the controls and demonstrated promise for potential commercial applications.
Two novel segmented copolymers based on a poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) that contained two or three oxamide groups in the hard segment were synthesized. Synthesis of non-chain extended PPG poly(trioxamide) (PPG-TriOx) and PPG poly(urea oxamide) (PPG-UOx) segmented copolymers utilized the two-step end-capping procedure with diethyl oxalate and hydrazine then subsequent polymerization with oxalyl chloride or HMDI, respectively. The physical properties of the PPG-TriOx and PPG-UOx copolymers were compared to those of PPG poly(urea) (PPG-U) and poly(oxamide) (PPG-Ox) copolymers. FTIR studies suggested the presence of an ordered hydrogen bonded hard segment for PGG-TriOx and PPG-Ox copolymers with PPG-TriOx possessing a lower energy ordered hydrogen bonding structure. PPG-UOx copolymers exhibited a larger rubbery plateau and higher moduli compared to PPG-U copolymers and also a dramatic increase in the tensile properties with the increased hydrogen bonding. The described copolymers provided a good example of the utility of this new step-growth polymerization chemistry for producing segmented copolymers with strong hydrogen bonding capabilities.
Non-viral nucleic acid delivery has become a hot field in the past 15 years due to increased safety, compared to viral vectors, and ability to synthetically alter the material properties. Altering a synthetic non-viral delivery vector allows for custom tailoring of a delivery vector for various therapeutic applications depending on the target disease. The types of non-viral delivery vectors are diverse, however the lack of understanding of the endocytic mechanisms, endosomal escape, and nucleic acid trafficking is not well understood. This lack of understanding into these complex processes limits the effective design of non-viral nucleic acid delivery vehicles to take advantage of the cellular machinery, as in the case of viral vectors.
Mechanisms for cellular internalization of polymer-nucleic acid complexes are important for the future design of nucleic acid delivery vehicles. It is well known that the mammalian cell surface is covered with glycosaminoglycans (GAG) that carry a negative charge. In an effort to probe the effect of GAG charge density on the affinity of cationic poly(glcoamidoamine) (PGAA)-pDNA complexes, quartz crystal microbalance was employed to measure the mass of GAGs that associated with a polyplex monolayer. Affinity of six different GAGs that varied in the charge density were measured for polyplexes formed with poly(galactaramidopentaethylenetetramine) (G4) cationic polymers and pDNA. Results showed that the affinity of GAGs for G4 polyplexes was not completely dependent on the electrostatic interactions indicating that other factors contribute to the GAG-polyplex interactions. The results provided some insight into the interactions of polyplexes with cell surface GAGs and the role they play in cellular internalization.
Two adamantane terminated polymers were investigated to study the non-covalent inclusion complexation with click cluster non-viral nucleic acid delivery vehicles for passive targeting of the click cluster-pDNA complexes (polyplex). Incorporation of adamantyl terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (Ad-PEG) and poly(2-deoxy-2-methacrylamido glucopyranose) (Ad-pMAG) polymers into the polyplex formulation revealed increased colloidal stability under physiological salt concentrations. Ad-pMAG polyplexes resulted in lower cellular uptake for HeLa cells and not two glioblastoma cell lines indicating the pMAG corona imparts some cell line specificity to the polyplexes. Ad-pMAG provided favorable biological properties when incorporated into the polyplexes as well as increased polyplex physical properties.
Ph. D.
Cordeiro, Rosemeyre Amaral. "Development of non-viral vectors based on poly(β-amino esters) segments for gene delivery." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/28931.
Full textA terapia génica tem atraído um grande interesse nas últimas décadas como sendo uma técnica altamente promissora para novos tratamentos de um vasto número de doenças hereditárias e não hereditárias. Contudo, apesar de todos os esforços nesta área, o desenvolvimento de uma entrega segura e efectiva continua a ser o principal desafio para a sua aplicação na clínica. Neste sentido, surgem os vectores não-virais que oferecem algumas vantagens, como por exemplo, a fácil produção, estabilidade, baixa imunogenicidade e toxicidade, e grande capacidade de transportar ácidos nucleicos quando comparados com os vectores virais. Todavia, os actuais sistemas de entrega não-virais continuam muito menos eficientes que os virais. Entre os vectores não-virais, os polímeros catiónicos têm surgido como um grupo promissor para a entrega de genes. O foco desta tese é o desenvolvimento de um novo e mais eficiente vector polimérico não-viral de base poli(ester b-amino) (PbAE) e poli(metacrilato de etilo-2-dimetilamino) (PDMAEMA). Os copolímeros de bloco poli(metacrilato de etilo-2-dimetilamino)-bloco-poli(ester b-amino)-bloco-poli(metacrilato de etilo-2- dimetilamino) (PDMAEMA-b-PbAE-b-PDMAEMA) foram preparados por cicloadição de Huisgen azida-alcino catalizada por cobre (I) (CuAAC). A sua habilidade para condensar e entregar DNA foi avaliada, primeiramente, para os copolímeros de bloco PDMAEMA8000-b-PbAE3000-b-PDMAEMA8000 e PDMAEMA3000-b-PbAE3000- b-PDMAEMA3000 de modo a estudar a influência do peso molecular do segmento PDMAEMA na capacidade de transfecção. A actividade da transfecção in vitro foi avaliada nas linhas celulares HeLa e COS-7 e os poliplexos preparados com o copolímero com segmento de PDMAEMA com menor peso molecular (PDMAEMA3000-b-PbAE3000-b-PDMAEMA3000) revelaram ter uma maior actividade. Além disso, comparando os resultados da transfecção dos poliplexos de base PDMAEMA3000-b-PbAE3000-b-PDMAEMA3000 com dois dos mais utilizados padrões de reagentes de transfecção, a PEI ramificada 25,000 g.mol-1 (bPEI25000) e o TurboFectTM, revelaram uma maior actividade em ambas as linhas celulares utilizadas. Contudo, os resultados mostraram também que ambos os complexos copolímero/DNA induziam alguma citotoxicidade para maiores razões azoto / fosfato (N/P). Foi hipotetizado que talvez se devesse às quantidades residuais de cobre utilizado aquando da preparação dos copolímeros. Para ultrapassar esta questão, os copolímeros de bloco foram preparados através de reacção de adição de Michael (sem a necessidade de uso de catalizadores metálicos). Nesta fase foram preparados 3 copolímeros de bloco diferindo os pesos moleculares do segmento central (PDMAEMA3000-b-PbAE3000-b-PDMAEMA3000, PDMAEMA3000-b- PbAE9000-b-PDMAEMA3000 e PDMAEMA3000-b-PbAE12000-b-PDMAEMA3000). Após a incubação dos complexos copolímero/DNA a viabilidade celular foi também avaliada nas linhas celulares HeLa e COS-7, resultando num dramático aumento da viabilidade celular nas altas razões de carga copolímero/DNA. Além disso, os ensaios de transfecção in vitro revelaram grande actividade de transfecção para todos os copolímeros de bloco testados. A partir destes resultados, concluiu-se que a melhor formulação era para os complexos de base PDMAEMA3000-b-PbAE12000- b-PDMAEMA3000), revelando um aumento na actividade de transfecção entre 40 a 60 vezes superior comparado com os reagentes de transfecção padrão, bPEI25000 e TurboFectTM. Quando comparado com o copolímero de bloco mais promissor preparado através de CuAAC, o copolímero de bloco PDMAEMA3000-b-PbAE12000- b-PDMAEMA3000 revelou um aumento da actividade de transfecção de 5 e 9 vezes superior nas linhas celulares COS-7 e HeLa, respectivamente. Os resultados presentes nesta tese mostram que a combinação do PDMAEMA e PbAE num único material revela características fisico-químicas e biológicas interessantes, fazendo deles promissores materiais para entrega de genes.
Gene therapy has attracted increasing interest over the past few decades as a highly promising therapeutic technique to provide new treatments for a large number of inherited and acquired diseases. However, despite all efforts in this area, the development of a safe and effective delivery of nucleic acids remains a principal challenge to its application in the clinic. In this sense, non-viral vectors have emerged and offer a number of advantages, including facile production, stability, low immunogenicity and toxicity, and higher capacity to carry nucleic acids compared to viral vectors. Nevertheless, current non-viral delivery systems continue far less efficient than viral ones. Among non-viral vectors, cationic polymers have emerged as a promising group for gene delivery. This thesis is focused on the development of a new and more efficient polymeric nonviral vector based on poly(β-amino ester) (PβAE) and poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA). The poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]-blockpoly(β-amino ester)-block-poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMAb-PβAE-b-PDMAEMA) block copolymers were prepared by copper(I)-catalyzed Huisgen azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Their ability to condense and deliver DNA was assessed, firstly, for PDMAEMA8000-b-PβAE3000-b-PDMAEMA8000 and PDMAEMA3000-b-PβAE3000-b-PDMAEMA3000 block copolymers in order to study the influence of molecular weight of PDMAEMA segment in transfection capacity. In vitro transfection activity was assessed in HeLa and COS-7 cell lines and showed higher activity for polyplexes based on block copolymer prepared with PDMAEMA segment with lower molecular weight (PDMAEMA3000-bPβAE3000-b-PDMAEMA3000). In addition, comparing PDMAEMA3000-b-PβAE3000- b-PDMAEMA3000-based polyplexes transfection results with two of the most used standard transfection reagents, branched PEI 25,000 g.mol-1 (bPEI25000) and TurboFectTM, revealed higher activity in both cell lines used. However, results also showed that both block copolymer/DNA complexes induced some cytotoxicity for higher nitrogen/phosphate (N/P) ratios. It was hypothesized that could be due to the residual amounts of copper used during copolymers preparation. To overcome this issue, block copolymers were then prepared by Michael addition reaction (without the need of metal catalysts). In this phase, three block copolymers were prepared differing the molecular weights of central segment (PDMAEMA3000-b-PβAE3000- b-PDMAEMA3000, PDMAEMA3000-b-PβAE9000-b-PDMAEMA3000, PDMAEMA3000-bPβAE12000-b-PDMAEMA3000). The cell viability after incubation with copolymer/DNA complexes was also assessed in HeLa and COS-7 cell lines, resulting in a notorious increase of cell viability in high N/P ratios. Moreover, in vitro transfection assays revealed high transfection activities for all block copolymer tested. From these results, it was concluded that PDMAEMA3000-b-PβAE12000-b-PDMAEMA3000/DNA complexes was the best formulation, showing an increase in transfection activity between 40-fold to 60-fold compared with transfection standard reagents, bPEI25000 and TurboFectTM. When compared with the most promising block copolymer synthesized by CuAAC, the PDMAEMA3000-b-PβAE12000-b-PDMAEMA3000 revealed an increase of transfection activity of 5-fold and 9-fold in COS-7 and HeLa cell lines, respectively. The results presented in this thesis demonstrate that the combination of PDMAEMA and PβAE in a single material disclose interesting physicochemical and biological characteristics making it a very promising material suitable for gene delivery.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - SFRH/BD/70336/2010
Books on the topic "Viral gene segments"
Vaheri, Antti, James N. Mills, Christina F. Spiropoulou, and Brian Hjelle. Hantaviruses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0035.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Viral gene segments"
Diggelmann, H., E. Buetti, D. Owen, N. Fasel, J. Firzlaff, and A. L. Vessaz. "A Short Segment of Viral DNA is Required for the Stimulation of Transcription of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Genes by Glucocorticoid Hormones." In Viral Messenger RNA, 339–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2585-7_16.
Full textGrace Umesh, Santo, Lakshmi Ramachandran, Janani Karthikeyan, and Anitha Mani. "Genetics and Periodontal Disease: An Explicit Insight." In Dentistry. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99266.
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