Journal articles on the topic 'Violent crimes – Prevention – Brazil'
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1
Moreira, Gustavo Carvalho, Ana Lucia Kassouf, and Marcelo Justus. "An estimate of the underreporting of violent crimes against property applying stochastic frontier analysis to the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil." Nova Economia 28, no. 3 (December 2018): 779–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6351/4202.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the level of underreporting of violent crimes against property in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using stochastic frontier analysis. Failure to report a crime to competent authorities has negative consequences for the effectiveness of public safety policies, because policy decisions regarding criminal matters are based on official crime statistics, which in turn are biased by underreporting. An awareness of the magnitude of underreporting should help policy makers to design more appropriate crime prevention strategies. The database used for the study defines armed robbery, robbery, and theft as violent crimes against property. The main results of the study show that, from 2004 to 2011, 32.7% of all violent crimes against property in the state were not reported. A robustness test was carried out on the estimates by employing the same technique to calculate the level of underreporting for the homicide rate, which is the least unreported crime.
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O. M., Zvenyhorodskyi. "VIOLENT PENITENTIARY CRIME AND ITS PREVENTION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2020, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2020.01.007.
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The article analyzes the manifestations of violent crime in places of imprisonment in some foreign countries (USA, Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Latin American countries). The violent penitentiary crime is a concentrated expression of the qualitative and quantitative state of all crime in the state and a manifestation of systemic problems that do not allow the effective prevention of crime in places of imprisonment. The mass riots of group disobedience occur in prisons in the United States, a number of Latin American countries (whose prison systems are in crisis), most of which are accompanied by hostage-taking and destruction of property. Different approaches to the prevention and elimination of mass riots in penitentiary institutions are considered. The experience of countries such as the United States, Brazil, Venezuela, El Salvador, and the Philippines has shown that the cessation of mass riots at any cost causes the death of both convicts and prison personnel. It is found that in the United States and Latin America, more important problem is the violent suppression of riots. Another approach is demonstrated by the penitentiary systems of European countries, where the emphasis is on the prevention of mass riots and other manifestations of violent penitentiary crime with the help of technical innovations. In particular, the penitentiary institutions of Great Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany have taken an approach according to which the convict`s behavior is directly dependent on the conditions of serving the sentence. In the penitentiary institutions of the Netherlands, one of the ways to prevent violent crime is the use of various technical innovations (video surveillance system, audio control, no bars, installation of armored windows, the possibility for convicts to use the Internet, etc.). It is the one of the directions of combating crime of convicts in places of imprisonment is the study of the positive experience of foreign countries in the field of prevention of violent crime, its critical analysis with the aim of introducing the penitentiary system. Key words: penitentiary system, violent crime, penitentiary crime, mass riots in penitentiary institutions, prevention of violent penitentiary crime.
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Kerr, John. "The Art of Violent Protest and Crime Prevention." Arts 7, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts7040061.
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This article examines violent protest in art museums. There is a long history of art museums being used as sites of protest. As spaces full of meaning, they represent ideal locations for people to try to shape the present and the future. From peaceful demonstrations to terrorist attacks, the current risks of protest to art museums is high. Motivated by ideological, political and social reasons, these protests include those that specifically target art objects within the art museums, as well as others that use the sites as stages on which to protest. This article is based predominantly on secondary sources; however, it also uses empirical research data collected by the author during observation research at art museums in London in March 2017 and July 2017. The article begins by considering why art museums attract so many protests. It argues that as ‘sites of persuasion’, art museums can be battlegrounds on which people look to shape how society is constructed and perceived. It then examines contemporary and historical case studies in Brazil and the UK to help our understanding of violent protests and the challenges they pose to art museums. Following this, the article proposes that as art museums are important sites of persuasion, there must be more awareness of the threats they face from violent protests in order to shape crime prevention approaches. The article finishes by arguing that although protests can be highly problematic for people involved with art museums, the ongoing appeal of these spaces as sites of protest shows the significance of art museums as important locations of cultural meaning.
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Moreira, Gustavo Carvalho, and Vania Aparecida Ceccato. "Gendered mobility and violence in the São Paulo metro, Brazil." Urban Studies 58, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019885552.
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With about 12 million inhabitants, São Paulo, Brazil, is the largest city in South America. As in many other major southern hemisphere cities, this extreme concentration of people imposes a number of mobility and security challenges. The objective of this article was to investigate the space-time patterns of mobility and violent victimisation in São Paulo’s metro stations from a gender perspective. The methodology combines use of a Geographical Information System (GIS), statistical analysis through negative binomial regression modelling and hypothesis testing. Results indicate that mobility and the level of victimisation are gender dependent. Women are at higher risk of victimisation than men in São Paulo’s central metro station, while men run higher risk of violence at end stations – both notably during late night periods. The presence of employees reduces the risk of violence, except during the mornings. The article suggests that crime prevention initiatives need to be gender informed and sensitive to the particular spatial and temporal features of rapid transit environments.
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Almeida, Leidiene Souza, Clay Anderson Nunes Chagas, and Edson Marcos Leal Soares Ramos. "LOCAL TERRITORIAL AGENTS AND LETHAL VIOLENT CRIMES, MACAPÁ-BRAZIL." Mercator 17, esp (March 15, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2018.e17005.
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Slobodenyuk, M. A. "Special Prevention of the Violent Crimes Committed by Minors and Youth on the National Hatred Grounds." Juridical Science and Practice 15, no. 3 (2019): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0410-2019-15-3-92-99.
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The problem of special prevention of the violent crimes committed by minors and youth on the national hatred grounds is considered in article. Law enforcement agencies have a special role in the solution of the matter because they carry out the large quantities of work on special prevention of crimes committed by minors and youth. Acquisition of sociocultural skills by minors and youth directed to elimination of long term habits and stereotypes of antisocial behavior among youth is one of the most perspective measures of prevention the violent crimes committed by minors and youth on the national hatred grounds. The author pays attention to necessity of the earlier bringing legal information to minors, taking into account features of group dynamics. Modern information technologies (for example, the complex automated information-analytical system “Safe City”, which allows ensuring safety on city streets) are also more effective in preventing crime among minors and youth than traditional methods of preventing teenage and youth crime, as these categories most often commit violent crimes in the streets.
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Tereschenko, Tat'yana. "Violent crime prevention in the interests of socio-economical state development (Republic of Belarus case)." Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior 2, no. 1 (April 28, 2022): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2022-1-99-108.
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Abstract. Personal safety from criminal offences is highly valued by society and state and is of top priority for the criminal science and criminal law. Human life, health, sexual freedom and safety, a relevant level of public order and morals are considered the most important goals of the law enforcement, and that demands a choice of harsh punishments for murder, bodily injuries, rape etc. Among all the crimes committed in our state violent crimes are both prevalent and significant due to a heightened harm to society, since they often bring irrevocable harm. Dangerous social processes (alcoholism, marginalization, addictions to different drugs and types of behavior, a rise of mental illnesses) bolster the danger.
Therefore, creation and implementation of the modern ways and measures of violent offenses prevention becomes both relevant and timely. The system of prevention should be built basing on the quantitate and qualitive characteristics as a multi-level structure (general, special and individual level).
Goal. Employing the academic research, case data, survey results the author aims at optimization of the multi-leveled system of the violent crimes and hooliganism prevention.
Methods. The author uses comparative legal method, practical method of description, theoretical methods such as formal and dialectical logic, and surveys. Among the special scientific methods author has chosen formal legal and legal interpretation method.
Results. Combating and prevention of crime, including violent offenses, stays a priority for every nation. It is directly related to the national safety from the domestic threats. One of the directions of state activities in that sphere is an exploration of the prevention methods.
Collection of the analytical data on the quantitate and qualitive characteristics of the violent crimes in their dynamic, research in the sphere of personal characteristics of offenders violating life, health and sexual safety and public order allow us to create a holistic legal and scientific criminal policy in a Republic of Belarus, showing also a potential in prevention. Simultaneously a risk of recidivism among the convicted (more than 40 percent) for violence or violent threats demands our attention to the development and implementation of the multi-level prevention strategy.
Scientific novelty. As a result of the research and accounting for the found criminal patterns the author offers an opinion of the prevention system reform in the field of violent crimes and hooliganism.
Practical significance. The suggestions of the article in case of their implementation promise a probable decline of the violent crime rate, accounting for the optimization of the prevention activities of the different stakeholders in that field.
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Karelin, V. V., and O. Yu Podorvan. "Criminological characteristics and prevention of violent crimes in Ukraine." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2019, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2019.02.034.
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Khosroshahi, Ghodratolah, Zolfaghar Davodi, and Shamal Maskani. "Developmental prevention of violent crimes with family-based approach." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 11 (2014): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2014.01050.8.
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Maksymenko, M. I. "CURRENT ISSUES OF VIOLENT CRIMES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS PREVENTION." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2022, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2022.01.094.
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The author notes in the article that security in penal institutions consists of three components: physical, procedural and dynamic security. All three components play an important role in preventing violence in penal institutions. The author points out the main directions of improving the security components in penal institutions and identifies the main problems that arise in the activities of law enforcement officers and which are related to the prevention of violent criminal offenses. The author notes that today in the world there are so-called “synthetic drugs”, which must be included to a special list. The practice of combating drug addiction indicates that the procedure for amending this list is quite bureaucratic and does not keep up with the development of new substances. An expert, in turn, conducting an expert research, can’t recognize a substance that is not in this list of drugs. This fact makes it impossible to bring a perpetrator to justice. The article states that another problematic issue in the activities related to the prevention of violent crimes in penal institutions is the fact that convicts possess assault weapons. Bringing them to justice under Art. 263 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (Illegal handling of the weapon, ammunition or explosives) for carrying, manufacturing, repair or sale of daggers, Finnish knives, knuckles or other cold-arms without the permission provided by the law is possible only after the conclusion of an expert. Such a conclusion must contain the information that the assault weapon seized from a convict is a cold-arms. Very often, items used by convicts as weapons in order to attack, although outwardly meet the requirements for cold-arms, but do not pass these rather severe static and dynamic tests. Key words: criminal offenses, violent crime, penal institution, prohibited items, convict.
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Bazhanov, Stanislav V., and Andrey A. Malakhov. "PREVENTION OF PROFIT-MOTIVATED AND PROFIT-MOTIVATED VIOLENT CRIMES." Russian investigator 3 (April 1, 2020): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3783-2020-3-52-55.
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Avdeev, V. A., and O. A. Avdeeva. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL, DOCTRINAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL-PRACTICALAPPROACHES TO COUNTERING MERCY-Violent Crimein the Russian Federation." Russian Family Doctor, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd10673.
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The subject of the study is mercenary-violent crime, taking into account its condition, structure and dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the Russian criminal law policy in the field of combating crime of mercenary-violent orientation, taking into account the requirements of international law. The purpose of the study is a modern analysis of the understanding of mercenary-violent crime, the content and types of crimes of this orientation. Attention is focused on the criminological analysis of mercenary-violent crime, prevention and prevention in the context of improving measures of criminal law, criminological and organizational and practical counteraction. The methodological basis for the study of measures to combat mercenary-violent crime is formed by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods that have led to an integrated approach to the study of legal policy to counteract mercenary-violent crime, taking into account the ongoing socio-economic and political-legal transformations. The main results of the study reveal the process of counteracting mercenary-violent crime in the context of globalization, measures to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanism of criminal law regulation of public relations related to countering crimes of mercenary-violent orientation. Conclusions are formulated regarding the methodological and organizational-practical aspects of the legal impact on persons who have committed self-seeking and violent assaults. The novelty of the research topic is the formulation of the problem associated with the disclosure of the causes and conditions of mercenary-violent crime as a socially negative phenomenon in modern conditions; the definition of key areas of legal policy in the field of combating crimes of mercenary-violent orientation, determined by socio-economic and political transformations. In order to achieve the stated goal of the study, special legal methods of cognition were used that facilitate the analysis of the legal regulation of legal responsibility for mercenary-violent crimes. The result of the study is the disclosure of the legal nature of mercenary-violent crime, its essential properties and signs as a social negative phenomenon; identification of features of measures to counter self-serving and violent orientation; establishing trends in legal regulation of crimes of mercenary-violent orientation; determination of the specifics of the mechanism of legal regulation of legal liability for mercenary-violent crimes. An opinion was expressed that there was no categorical legal assessment of the concept of mercenary-violent crimes in domestic legislation, which predetermined the recognition of criminal legal measures as a strategic resource for combating mercenary-violent crime. The conclusions are formulated on the factors inspiring the legislative regulation of the corpus delicti of violent orientation, and the specifics of the implementation of punishment and other measures of a criminal law nature.
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Avdeev, V. A., and O. A. Avdeeva. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL, DOCTRINAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL-PRACTICALAPPROACHES TO COUNTERING MERCY-Violent Crimein the Russian Federation." Russian Family Doctor, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd10705.
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The subject of the study is mercenary-violent crime, taking into account its condition, structure and dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the Russian criminal law policy in the field of combating crime of mercenary-violent orientation, taking into account the requirements of international law. The purpose of the study is a modern analysis of the understanding of mercenary-violent crime, the content and types of crimes of this orientation. Attention is focused on the criminological analysis of mercenary-violent crime, prevention and prevention in the context of improving measures of criminal law, criminological and organizational and practical counteraction. The methodological basis for the study of measures to combat mercenary-violent crime is formed by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods that have led to an integrated approach to the study of legal policy to counteract mercenary-violent crime, taking into account the ongoing socio-economic and political-legal transformations. The main results of the study reveal the process of counteracting mercenary-violent crime in the context of globalization, measures to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanism of criminal law regulation of public relations related to countering crimes of mercenary-violent orientation. Conclusions are formulated regarding the methodological and organizational-practical aspects of the legal impact on persons who have committed self-seeking and violent assaults. The novelty of the research topic is the formulation of the problem associated with the disclosure of the causes and conditions of mercenary-violent crime as a socially negative phenomenon in modern conditions; the definition of key areas of legal policy in the field of combating crimes of mercenary-violent orientation, determined by socio-economic and political transformations. In order to achieve the stated goal of the study, special legal methods of cognition were used that facilitate the analysis of the legal regulation of legal responsibility for mercenary-violent crimes. The result of the study is the disclosure of the legal nature of mercenary-violent crime, its essential properties and signs as a social negative phenomenon; identification of features of measures to counter self-serving and violent orientation; establishing trends in legal regulation of crimes of mercenary-violent orientation; determination of the specifics of the mechanism of legal regulation of legal liability for mercenary-violent crimes. An opinion was expressed that there was no categorical legal assessment of the concept of mercenary-violent crimes in domestic legislation, which predetermined the recognition of criminal legal measures as a strategic resource for combating mercenary-violent crime. The conclusions are formulated on the factors inspiring the legislative regulation of the corpus delicti of violent orientation, and the specifics of the implementation of punishment and other measures of a criminal law nature.
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Avdeev, V. A., and O. A. Avdeeva. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL, DOCTRINAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL-PRACTICALAPPROACHES TO COUNTERING MERCY-Violent Crimein the Russian Federation." Yugra State University Bulletin, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu20200107-16.
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The subject of the study is mercenary-violent crime, taking into account its condition, structure and dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the Russian criminal law policy in the field of combating crime of mercenary-violent orientation, taking into account the requirements of international law. The purpose of the study is a modern analysis of the understanding of mercenary-violent crime, the content and types of crimes of this orientation. Attention is focused on the criminological analysis of mercenary-violent crime, prevention and prevention in the context of improving measures of criminal law, criminological and organizational and practical counteraction. The methodological basis for the study of measures to combat mercenary-violent crime is formed by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods that have led to an integrated approach to the study of legal policy to counteract mercenary-violent crime, taking into account the ongoing socio-economic and political-legal transformations. The main results of the study reveal the process of counteracting mercenary-violent crime in the context of globalization, measures to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanism of criminal law regulation of public relations related to countering crimes of mercenary-violent orientation. Conclusions are formulated regarding the methodological and organizational-practical aspects of the legal impact on persons who have committed self-seeking and violent assaults. The novelty of the research topic is the formulation of the problem associated with the disclosure of the causes and conditions of mercenary-violent crime as a socially negative phenomenon in modern conditions; the definition of key areas of legal policy in the field of combating crimes of mercenary-violent orientation, determined by socio-economic and political transformations. In order to achieve the stated goal of the study, special legal methods of cognition were used that facilitate the analysis of the legal regulation of legal responsibility for mercenary-violent crimes. The result of the study is the disclosure of the legal nature of mercenary-violent crime, its essential properties and signs as a social negative phenomenon; identification of features of measures to counter self-serving and violent orientation; establishing trends in legal regulation of crimes of mercenary-violent orientation; determination of the specifics of the mechanism of legal regulation of legal liability for mercenary-violent crimes. An opinion was expressed that there was no categorical legal assessment of the concept of mercenary-violent crimes in domestic legislation, which predetermined the recognition of criminal legal measures as a strategic resource for combating mercenary-violent crime. The conclusions are formulated on the factors inspiring the legislative regulation of the corpus delicti of violent orientation, and the specifics of the implementation of punishment and other measures of a criminal law nature.
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Koski-Jännes, Anja. "Prevention and treatment of alcohol-related violence through prison programs: a Finnish perspective." Contemporary Drug Problems 24, no. 4 (December 1997): 765–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145099702400406.
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This paper reviews the connection between drinking and violent crimes in Finland and discusses ways of intervening in this connection through correctional programs. It summarizes features of effective programs and presents examples of substance-abuse programs for violent offenders, with some suggestions on how to improve their efficacy.
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Lekh, R. V. "VICTIMOLOGICAL PREVENTION OF VIOLENT CRIMES AT THE GENERAL SOCIAL LEVEL." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 3 (2022): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2022-3/46.
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Shablystyi, Volodymyr, Andriy Kovalenko, Anastasiia Hetman, and Roman Kvasha. "Victimological measures to prevent violent offences for gain committed by children." Cuestiones Políticas 38, Especial II (December 8, 2020): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.382e.35.
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The aim of the article is to be a victimological description of violent crimes for profit by children in Ukraine. The research methodology was based on the equal combination of the legal method, logical and semantic method, comparative method, documentary, test method, classification method, method, and method of system analysis. Among the most notable results of the study were victims who contribute to the commission of crimes for profit and. Everything allows that, the theory of victimological modeling is a logical result of victim thought in criminology, which aims to be the models of the concluding victim of victims of crime crimes, etc.) in order to develop measures that are advised of the victim. The objectives of preventing lost crimes through the development and implementation of long-term state programmed for prevention. The implementation of these laundry programs a mechanism for the effective prevention of victims, the effectiveness of the fight against crime and will ensure safety.
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Van Soest, Dorothy, Hyun-Sun Park, Toni K. Johnson, and Beverly McPhail. "Different Paths to Death Row: A Comparison of Men Who Committed Heinous and Less Heinous Crimes." Violence and Victims 18, no. 1 (February 2003): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.1.15.
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Part of the answer to violent crime prevention is to understand the route that those who have committed violent crimes have traveled in order to find ways to guide others from the road leading to such violence. An investigation of the lifelong personal and environmental factors affecting 37 men who were executed in 1997 focuses on distinctions between men in two categories based on heinousness of violent crime. The study aimed to identify risk factors and events that preceded the violent event and to compare the constellation of variables of the men who committed particularly heinous murders characterized by extreme rage and brutality with those whose crimes and criminal histories were characterized mostly by property crimes without intentional harm to people. Descriptive results suggest differences between the two groups of men related to 19 variables and the emergence of two diverse profiles of risk factors and life experiences.
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I.V., Bodnar, Kraskovskyi E.M., and Kyseliova М.S. "Characteristics of violent crimes committed in punitentiary institutions." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2020, no. 3 (December 18, 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2020.03.069.
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The article states that one of the main tasks of penitentiary institutions is the fight against violent crimes committed both against the convicted and the personnel of the institutions. That is why the special criminological prevention, which is carried out for this purpose, should be based on clear planning and a qualitatively formed forecast of possible manifestations of these illegal actions. The article emphasizes that these activities should be based on data obtained by such sciences as criminology and criminalistics regarding the characteristics of these unlawful manifestations. Characteristics of violent crimes, namely: the time of a crime. Violent crimes are most often committed: after the convicts are removed from work and up to 12 hours of midnight, which is typical of a residential area; after a lunch break and before the convicts are removed from work, which is typical of the production area; after the attack nature. For the residential area it is characterized by committing a group attack, and for the industrial area – individual one. One of the main reasons for committing violent crimes is the objective factors, namely: the state of persistent criminogenic contamination of prisoners; the scarcity of material resources, in connection with which the importance of the objects possessed by the convicts increases significantly and the relations concerning their distribution are aggravated; obsolescence of the closed-type of criminal and executive institution`s material base, which by its nature is not capable of creating the proper conditions of prisoners` detention; spontaneous stratification, that is, dividing prisoners into several categories, whose members differ on such grounds as the amount of informal power, the nature of relations with other prisoners, and the way of life in the penitentiary institution. Key words: crimes against justice, escape from places of imprisonment, convicted person, institution of execution of punishments, causes and conditions of committing a crime, special criminological prevention.
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Gotchina, Larisa. "Juvenile and youth crime: current state and prospects." Russian Journal of Deviant Behavior 1, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2713-0622-2021-2-304-313.
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The official decline in registered crime rates is associated with a high level of its latency, new forms and methods of its commission, «computerization of crime» and an artificial redistribution of public attention to extremist crime and corruption. Russian crime continues to be self-serving, violent, and organized. A factor of its latency is the problem of the young people’s career placing in the job and low pay for their work. The Internet is actively used by «criminal IT specialists» in drug trafficking, deliberately false reports of acts of terrorism; juveniles and young people are chosen as perpetrators of crimes and as victims of crimes. They are also characterized by participation in the organization of prostitution, illegal arms trafficking, and self-serving violent crimes. The family remains both the factor of juvenile and youth crime, and the main subject of its prevention. The adoption of the criminogenic draft law «On the prevention of domestic violence», the legalization of the drug market and the authorization of the use of methadone in Russia are unacceptable. Prevention of crimes committed by juveniles, young people and their families is a priority, it should be based on the developed state ideology. It is based on morality, patriotism, healthy lifestyle, and law-abiding behavior. A return to the priority of international law is essential. This will preserve the system of prevention and suppression of the most dangerous types of crimes using mechanisms of international control and interaction.
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Sergeeva, Anzhelika Anatol'evna. "Interpersonal conflicts motivated by jealousy or revenge as a condition for committing violent crimes." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 2 (February 2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2022.2.38228.
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The subject of the study is violent interpersonal conflicts motivated by emotional states of jealousy and revenge or their combination. The research used a methodology based on the principles of dialectical cognition and including generally recognized scientific methods used in conflictology and jurisprudence. The author refers to moral norms in their relationship with the law, as well as in their perception by a person committing a violent crime motivated by jealousy or revenge. On this basis, recommendations have been developed that have scientific value for the further development of the theory of interpersonal conflicts and practical significance for use in the process of establishing the circumstances of the commission of violent crimes related to their subjective side. Author established the features of the intellectual element of the intent of a person committing a violent crime motivated by jealousy or revenge. Due to a distorted perception of moral norms, such a person has a tolerant attitude to violence, which in his mind is considered permissible out of jealousy, revenge or in the presence of a combination of these motives. The scope of application of the research results is practical conflictology and prevention of violent crimes. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the author's approach to establishing the peculiarities of the subject's perception of violent crime of moral norms, the distorted interpretation of which allows him to show aggression out of jealousy or revenge. It is substantiated that a subject who commits a crime out of jealousy or revenge violates generally recognized norms of morality, and his behavior in the event of an interpersonal conflict has an increased public danger equivalent to the public danger of hooligan motives. Taking into account these circumstances both in the development of methods for resolving interpersonal conflicts and in the prevention of violent crimes seems necessary.
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Пащенко, Є. М. "The Main Determinants of Military Violent Crime." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 86, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2019.3.05.
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It has been stated that violent crime of military personnel is conditioned both by general determinants for the whole crime and by special criminogenic factors.
The author of the article has highlighted the main determinants of such crime in details. They traditionally include the following determinants: economic, political, ideological, cultural, national, socio-biological, socio-psychological, organizational and administrative, legal, etc. Their specific features, causes, consequences and mutual influence at the present stage of Ukraine’s development have been determined; and certain ways of improving the situation have been specified.
Particular attention has been paid to determinants of violent crimes committed by military personnel during combat operations. The author has indicated on predominance of the socio-psychological nature of crimes in such conditions and the prevalence of certain manifestations of post-traumatic stress disorders among the participants of hostilities in Eastern Ukraine; the author has noted that such disorders have recently been identified by psychologists as “ATO syndrome”.
The author has expressed opinion that commission of violent, lucrative and violent crimes by military personnel during combat operations is in many cases a consequence of the influence of specific social and psychological determinants, where researchers name: weakening of social control factors; exacerbation of problems of meeting the needs for existence; increasing the level of nervousness of the population, increasing the conflict level in interpersonal relationships; weakening the morality, etc.
It has been emphasized that the elimination of these criminogenic determinants should be a priority in the prevention of violent crimes by military personnel.
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Spiers, Alistair. "Forgiveness as a Secondary Prevention Strategy for Victims of Interpersonal Crime." Australasian Psychiatry 12, no. 3 (September 2004): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1039-8562.2004.02111.x.
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Objective: The number of violent crimes against people is increasing. The present paper aimed to review (i) the association between ‘unforgiveness’ among victims and psychiatric disease; and (ii) evidence that encouraging forgiveness can help to prevent psychiatric disease. Conclusions: Unforgiveness correlates strongly with the development of psychiatric disease. Encouraging forgiving attitudes and emotions leads to decreased anxiety and depression.
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Ford, K. "A hospital-based violence prevention intervention reduced hospital recidivism for violent injury and arrests for violent crimes." Evidence-Based Medicine 12, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebm.12.4.110.
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Ford, K. "A hospital based violence prevention intervention reduced hospital recidivism for violent injury and arrests for violent crimes." Evidence-Based Nursing 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebn.10.2.50.
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Khozeimeh, Mohammad Ali. "Determining the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Iranian Legal System's Selection Policy in Response to Violent Crimes." Journal of Politics and Law 9, no. 6 (July 31, 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n6p55.
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In addition to being a social need, fighting against crime, has a political function and provides the acceptance and legitimacy of political systems. For this reason, the government’s policy of suppression, reduction and prevention of crime, concerns the public opinion. It is necessary that, the best and the most efficient way is selected to fight crime with the help of scientific technology. In the present article entitled “Determining the advantages and disadvantages of the legal system's selection policy in response to violent crime” we have been trying to serve the purpose of determining the advantages and disadvantages of the legal system's selection policy in response to violent crimes and explain the best way to fight against violent crimes, taking into account social needs, the analytical methods and the use of all library resources to answer the questions; what processes has the criminal policy of Iran regarded to prevent violent crimes? How has the Populist criminal policy been expressed in legislation of Iran? Finally, what are the results of the populist criminal policy? The results of the study show that the Populist criminal policy has always existed in the Iranian legal system, the example of which is seen in the law of intensification of punishments for the perpetrators of embezzlement, bribery and fraud.
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Shikula, Ilmira Rifkatyevna, Svetlana Anatolyevna Afanasyeva, Yuliya Vyacheslavovna Gavrilova, Rita Surenovna Danelyan, and Sergey Vladimirovich Danelyan. "Victimological prevention of violent criminality against helpless victims: general theoretical analysis." SHS Web of Conferences 108 (2021): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110803006.
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The article discusses primary trends in prevention of violent criminality against rights and freedoms of helpless victims. Based on general theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, citation, axiomatic methods, the authors come to a conclusion that to affect victimization processes of the most vulnerable part of population, it is required to create an informational basis covering a set of people acknowledged as helpless due to a disease or disability, of senior or minor age, as well as persons living in difficult families as potentially being at risk to be subject to criminal actions. In this connection, the authors believe that in the area of victomolgical protection of vulnerable citizens at the current stage, it is required to improve efficiency of law-enforcement activity in terms of prevention of breaches of social rights of this category of citizens, including rights for victimological rehabilitation, which requires improvement of legal mechanisms envisaging a system of measures for victimological prevention of violent criminality. Maximum possible promulgation of information concerning the number of registered crimes towards helpless victims is a relevant and vital need. First of all, this signifies attention exerted by law-enforcement authorities towards the most vulnerable part of population. Secondly, this forms an irreconcilable attitude of the society towards persons committing such crimes. Thirdly, this creates a basis to improve awareness of helpless persons relative to risks occurring due to their condition and to minimize the distrust syndrome occurring because of a stereotype concerning no possibility or desire of law-enforcement authorities to help them. Moreover, general public will have a complete and objective (rather than fragmentary) understanding covering the entire range of illegal actions committed against such victims.
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Kornіyenko, Maksym. "Kornіyenko M.V. Information support of detection, investigation and prevention violent crimes against children." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 3, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2019-3-232-238.
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Currie, Elliott. "Consciousness, Solidarity and Hope as Prevention and Rehabilitation." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 2, no. 2 (September 11, 2013): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v2i2.114.
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This paper grapples with the question of how progressive criminologists might approach working with people who have committed violent or predatory crimes, or are ‘at risk’ of doing so. Progressives have often been uneasy about ‘intervention’ with people who offend: but in the face of the destructiveness of violence, especially in some parts of the world, a posture of simple non-intervention won’t suffice. I suggest three central principles – which I call consciousness, solidarity and hope – that may guide us in developing ways of working with offenders that are both progressive and effective.
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Oliveira, Elenice De Souza, Braulio Figueiredo Alves da Silva, Flavio Luiz Sapori, and Gabriela Gomes Cardoso. "Homicide and Drug Trafficking in Impoverished Communities in Brazil." International Journal of Law and Public Administration 3, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijlpa.v3i2.5008.
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Many studies demonstrate that homicides are heavily concentrated in impoverished neighborhoods, but not all socially disadvantaged neighborhoods are hotbeds of violence. Conducted in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, this study hypothesizes that the association between high rates of homicide and impoverished areas is influenced by the emergence of a specific type of street drug-dealing common to favelas (slums). The study applies econometric techniques to police data on homicides and drug arrests from 2008 to 2011, as well as 2010 Census data, to test its hypothesis. The findings provide insight into the development of crime prevention policies in areas of high social vulnerability.
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Sunga, Lyal S. "Does Climate Change Worsen Resource Scarcity and Cause Violent Ethnic Conflict?" International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 21, no. 1 (2014): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02101001.
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Does climate change create conditions in which ethnic groups, particularly in developing countries, become more likely to struggle for scarce resources which can then spur ethnically motivated violence and serious atrocities? Or is the relation between climate change and atrocities, if there is one, far more complex and perhaps indirect? How should climate change be viewed as a risk factor for the onset of violent ethnic conflict? What practical relevance could climate change effects have on early warning and prevention of serious human rights violations including crimes against humanity and genocide? The author first considers whether climate change science warnings deserve to be taken seriously before reviewing empirical studies focussing on the supposed link between climate change and ethnic conflict. Second, he argues that it is valuable to treat climate change as a possible risk factor for ethnic conflict situations in which crimes against humanity or genocide might be perpetrated, and to reflect upon early warning and prevention in this connection. The author then sets out five considerations that research on the question of a causal link between climate change and ethnic conflict should take into account.
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Costa, Leandro Beiragrande da, Yuri Bindá Leite, André Luiz Machado das Neves, and Eduardo Barbosa de Menezes Guimarães. "Violent deaths and the path to judicialization of LGBTphobia in Brazil." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 693–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss8.2577.
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This exploratory research was based on bibliographic and documentary sources and aimed to address the performance of the three branches regarding the criminalization of LGBTphobia. These people are stigmatized because of their sexual orientation and gender identity, since they differ from the heteronormativity still prevailing in society, which has led them to suffer more and more different types of violence, including physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological aggressions, to which they are constantly subjected. The lack of official data, beforehand, shows the real neglect of the public authority towards the rights and guarantees of this minority, in addition to the lack of effective public policies and non-investigation and non-judgment of crimes commonly poignant, which reveal true state violence. It was found that few actions by the executive branch go beyond the planning stage and that the endless discussions by the legislative can be described as true inertia, resulting in numerous quarrels in the judiciary branch, in which the LGBT community has achieved progress in denouncing human rights violations and in the relentless search for overcoming discrimination.
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Сухарев, Сергей Николаевич. "PREVENTION OF VIOLENT CRIME AGAINST THE PRISON STAFF." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 4(40) (December 14, 2020): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2020.40.4.012.
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В настоящей статье автором предпринята попытка научно-теоретического осмысления проводимой работы по профилактике насильственных преступлений против жизни и здоровья и против порядка управления, совершаемых осужденными, отбывающими наказание в виде лишения свободы в отношении персонала исправительных учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы. Прогрессирующий рост пенитенциарной преступности наряду с уменьшением количества лиц, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы, обуславливает необходимость проведения такого рода работ, которые должны послужить опорой в борьбе с пенитенциарной преступностью. Разработка мер по предупреждению преступности в местах лишения свободы, особенно общественно опасных деяний, посягающих на жизнь и здоровье сотрудников, безусловно, нуждается в глубоком теоретическом исследовании. Успех предупредительной деятельности на практике во многом зависит от ее надлежащего научного обеспечения. На современном этапе борьбы с пенитенциарной преступностью невозможно достичь существенных результатов без использования достижений криминологической науки. Криминологические исследования различных видов преступности позволяют акцентировать внимание на их специфике, особенностях личности преступника, выработать действенный профилактический механизм. В статье предлагаются научно и практически обоснованные предложения о внесении изменений в действующее уголовное законодательство. In this article, the author attempts a scientific and theoretical analysis of the ongoing work on the prevention of violent crimes against life and health as well as the management of convicted persons serving sentences of deprivation of liberty against the prison staff.. The progressive increase in prison crime, along with the decrease in prison sentences, necessitates work of the kind that should support the fight against prison crime. The development of measures to prevent crime in places of deprivation of liberty, especially socially dangerous acts that affect the life and health of staff members, clearly requires a thorough theoretical study. The success of prevention in practice depends to a large extent on its proper scientific support. At the present stage of the fight against prison crime, it is impossible to achieve significant results without using the achievements of criminological science. Criminological studies of various types of crime allow to focus on their specificity, peculiarities of the offender 's personality and allow to develop an effective preventive mechanism. The article proposes scientifically and practically justified proposals to amend the current criminal legislation.
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Унтеров, Владимир Анатольевич. "PECULIARITIES OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CRITERIA OF CRIMES OF VIOLENCE COMMITTED IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 3(39) (October 15, 2020): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2020.39.3.013.
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Эффективное предупреждение преступлений, совершаемых в местах лишения свободы, предполагает обязательный анализ криминологических особенностей преступной деятельности, представляющих собой количественно-качественные параметры конкретного вида пенитенциарной преступности. Насильственная преступность, являясь одним из наиболее опасных видов преступности, безусловно, требует особого внимания криминологов, в том числе пенитенциаристов. Совершение подобных преступлений в исправительных учреждениях свидетельствует о неэффективности уголовно-исполнительной системы России в части, прежде всего, профилактической работы. В свою очередь предупреждение насильственных преступлений в исправительных учреждениях невозможно без понимания причин и условий их совершения, личностных особенностей тех, кто их совершает, а также без анализа фактических обстоятельств их совершения. Рассмотренные автором в настоящей статье количественно-качественные параметры насильственной пенитенциарной преступности позволяют воссоздать объективную картину данного вида деликтов, что необходимо для совершенствования профилактической деятельности в учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы. Учет этих показателей, как представляется, позволит существенно снизить (минимизировать) насильственную преступность в местах изоляции от общества, что является одним из важнейших направлений уголовно-исполнительной политики нашего государства. Effective crimes’ prevention committed in places of deprivation of liberty presupposes an obligatory analysis of criminological features of criminal activit, which are quantitative and qualitative criteria of a specific type of penitentiary crime. Violent crime being one of the most dangerous types of crime, undoubtedly requires special attention of criminologists, including penitentiaries. Committing such crimes in correctional institutions testifies to the ineffectiveness of the penal system in Russia in terms of, first of all, preventive work. In turn, the prevention of violent crimes in correctional institutions is impossible without understanding the reasons and conditions for their commission, the personal characteristics of those who commit them, as well as without analyzing the actual circumstances of their commission. The quantitative and qualitative parameters of violent penitentiary crime considered by the author in this article make it possible to recreate an objective picture of this type of tort, which is necessary to improve preventive activities in the institutions of the penal system. Taking these indicators into account, it seems, will significantly reduce (minimize) violent crime in places of isolation from society, which is one of the most important areas of the penal policy of our state.
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ZHOLZHAKSYNOV, Zhandos Bahtybaevich. "Criminal Law Measures to Combat Violent Crimes: International Experience and National Trends." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.1(31).41.
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The article is devoted to criminal law measures to resist criminal abuses related to violence. In modern society, the protection of individual rights and freedoms is one of the most important tasks. Within this task, the most critical issue is that of protection of the individual from criminal violence by criminal law measures. The problems of violent crime, despite all measures taken by the state and society, do not go into the past, but become relevant for modern society. Without exaggeration, they represent a social disaster that threatens the security of the individual, society and the state. The purpose of the article is to analyze the criminal law methods of combating violent crime, to study the criminal provisions relating to the use of violence in Kazakhstan's national criminal legislation and legislation in a number of foreign countries. The article examines the opinions of scientists on the nature and characteristics of criminal violence, the criminal law of Kazakhstan and the legislation of a number of foreign countries in terms of violent crimes, formulates conclusions and sets out the recommendations for the further improvement of the criminal protection of the individual against violent endeavors. On the basis of an examination of the theoretical material and experience of foreign countries in the field of countering violent crime, the author suggested ways of counteracting the mentioned crime, suggesting further improvement of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in the sphere of protecting the individual from criminal violence. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in science and practice in addressing crime prevention, comparative characteristics of the criminal regulations regarding violence in Kazakhstan and foreign countries, as well as the subsequent reform of the criminal law in the field of the physical integrity of the individual.
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Willison, Judith S. "Characteristics of Violent Crime Committed by Female Prisoners." Violence and Victims 31, no. 3 (2016): 552–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-14-00027.
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This study expands limited existing knowledge of the characteristics of violent crimes for which women in state prisons are incarcerated. An analysis was conducted utilizing survey data collected from female state prisoners by the U.S. Department of Justice for the Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities, 2004. The randomly selected, national sample consisted of 866 female state prisoners. Results suggest that the majority of the violent offenses occurred within the context of a relationship with the victim, most often in a domestic setting, and were influenced by the presence or absence of co-defendants. In addition, the use of weapons was infrequent and often defensive. Implications for practice in violence prevention, prison-based, and reentry services are discussed.
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Pizarro, Jesenia M., Richard C. Sadler, Jason Goldstick, Brandon Turchan, Edmund F. McGarrell, and Marc A. Zimmerman. "Community-driven disorder reduction: Crime prevention through a clean and green initiative in a legacy city." Urban Studies 57, no. 14 (January 16, 2020): 2956–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019892163.
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This study examines the effects of a neighbourhood greening and beautification strategy called Clean & Green on crime prevention and reduction. Point level data for all Part I index crimes and Clean & Green efforts in the study area from 2005 to 2014 are analysed using spatial and linear regression with two key modifications: (1) controlling for temporal and spatial dependencies between points; and (2) allowing for potentially non-linear temporal trends in the effect of cumulative greening. To accommodate those modifications, generalised additive models (GAMs) were employed. The analyses of violent and property crimes suggest that greening efforts are increasingly protective over time. The findings demonstrate that the elimination of blight and disorder via neighbourhood greening and beautification efforts can be an effective tool for crime prevention and control in communities.
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McLoughlin , Stephen. "Understanding Mass Atrocity Prevention during Periods of Democratic Transition." Politics and Governance 3, no. 3 (October 27, 2015): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i3.318.
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The purpose of this article is to provide a better understanding of why some countries experience mass atrocities during periods of democratic transition, while others do not. Scholars have long regarded democracy as an important source of stability and protection from mass atrocities such as genocide, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing. But democratic transition itself is fraught with the heightened risk of violent conflict and even mass atrocities. Indeed, a number of studies have identified regimes in transition as containing the highest risk of political instability and mass atrocities. What is overlooked is the question of how and why some regimes undergo such transitions without experiencing mass atrocities, despite the presence of a number of salient risk factors, including state-based discrimination, inter-group tension and horizontal inequality. Utilizing a new analytical framework, this article investigates this lacuna by conducting a comparative analysis of two countries—one that experienced atrocities (Burundi) during transition, and one that did not (Guyana). How countries avoid such violence during transition has the potential to yield insights for the mitigation of risk associated with mass atrocity crimes.
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Ausman, James I., and Miguel A. Faria. "Is gun control really about people control?" Surgical Neurology International 10 (October 4, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_480_2019.
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The Second Amendment of the USA Constitution states: “A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.” Today around the USA and the world some people are advocating the removal of guns from the citizens, called “Gun Control,” as the solution to violent crime that they associate with guns in the hands of the public, contrary to what the Second Amendment states. This review provides a factual background to the debate about the issues surrounding the arguments for and against “Gun Control.” The paper documents many factors that lead to violent crimes committed by people. The means used to cause violent crimes cover the history of human civilization. They include weapons of all types, bombs, toxic substances, vehicles of many kinds, and planes, all to cause the death of others. Some who commit or threaten violent crime against others are emotionally disturbed and in many cases are known to the police through screening systems. Family dysfunction, alcohol and drug abuse, an incessant stream of media and entertainment featuring gun violence, and an educational system that does not equip the young with the proper civic and ethical principles to deal with life’s challenges all contribute to violent behavior using guns and other lethal means. With this background of multiple factors leading to the commission of violent crimes against others, the focus has been concentrated on banning firearms from public ownership rather than understanding the reasons for this criminal behavior. Why? There is the overwhelming evidence that disarming the public from using firearms will not reduce violent crimes and will render people defenseless. Other facts indicate that allowing citizens to carry arms will prevent or reduce violent crimes. The debate over Gun Control has become politicized and emotionally based, because the real goal is not stated. In respected scientific journals and in the Media, factual information about the causes and prevention of violent deaths has been misrepresented or is blatantly false. Using censorship, the medical press and the mass media have refused to publish articles or print opposing opinions such as those supporting the rights of citizens to bear arms. There is evidence that tax-exempt foundations and wealthy individuals are financially supporting Gun Control efforts with the goal of disarming the public to establish a centrally controlled government and to eliminate the US Constitution. It is obvious that in the rapidly changing world we need to find answers to the many factors behind Violent Crime in which guns are used. That will take time and patience. In the meantime, is there a gray area for compromise in the Guns and Violence issue? Yes, logically, from all the evidence presented in this review, citizens should be encouraged to carry arms for self, family, and fellow citizen protection, and as a check on government, a right guaranteed by the constitution and endowed by our God-given natural right. The challenges facing us are multifaceted. Is Gun Control really about People Control?
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Thomas, Sandra P. "Identifying and Intervening With Girls at Risk for Violence." Journal of School Nursing 19, no. 3 (June 2003): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405030190030301.
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Youth violence has become a prominent national concern, largely focused on boys who have perpetrated highly publicized massacres. Less well-publicized is the rapid increase in arrests of girls for violent crimes and weapons violations. In just 2 decades, violent crime arrests for female juveniles increased by 108%. From research findings, a composite portrait of the violent girl can be drawn. This profile can be used to identify girls at risk for criminal behaviors. In this article, a three-pronged approach to girls’ violent behavior is presented: (a) violence prevention and emotional literacy programs that can be implemented by school nurses, (b) parent education programs that can be conducted at Parent–Teacher Association meetings, churches, and community centers, and (c) counseling interventions that can be delivered to troubled girls by psychiatric nurses. Nurses can play vital roles in consultation to teachers and parents and in direct service provision to girls who are on a tragic trajectory of fighting, expulsion from school, and juvenile justice infractions.
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Greene, Ashley L., and Ashad Sentongo. "Assessing National Mechanisms for Atrocity Prevention in Africa’s Great Lakes Region." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 14, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1542316619851440.
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In recent years, states and regional bodies in Africa’s Great Lakes Region have experimented with new models for the development of policies that prevent violent conflict. One such initiative has been the establishment of national mechanisms for genocide and atrocity crimes prevention—multisectorial bodies tasked with developing coordinated national strategies for the prevention of mass violence. This article examines the work of national mechanisms in order to assess their potential contributions to national and regional prevention. The authors argue that despite significant challenges in institutionalisation and funding, national mechanisms are contributing to four critical areas: the development of national prevention infrastructure, the consolidation of national and local prevention efforts, the promotion of trust in national prevention bodies, and the enhancement of interregional prevention networks. The article concludes with recommendations for increasing national mechanisms’ effectiveness.
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Tariq, Haseeb, Muhammad Kashif Hanif, Muhammad Umer Sarwar, Sabeen Bari, Muhammad Shahzad Sarfraz, and Rozita Jamili Oskouei. "Employing Deep Learning and Time Series Analysis to Tackle the Accuracy and Robustness of the Forecasting Problem." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (March 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5587511.
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Crime is a bone of contention that can create a societal disturbance. Crime forecasting using time series is an efficient statistical tool for predicting rates of crime in many countries around the world. Crime data can be useful to determine the efficacy of crime prevention steps and the safety of cities and societies. However, it is a difficult task to predict the crime accurately because the number of crimes is increasing day by day. The objective of this study is to apply time series to predict the crime rate to facilitate practical crime prevention solutions. Machine learning can play an important role to better understand and analyze the future trend of violations. Different time-series forecasting models have been used to predict the crime. These forecasting models are trained to predict future violent crimes. The proposed approach outperforms other forecasting techniques for daily and monthly forecast.
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Varygin, Aleksander Nikolayevich, Irina Alekseyevna Efremova, Vladimir Gennadyevich Gromov, Pavel Anatolyevich Matushkin, and Anastasiya Mikhaylovna Shuvalova. "Problematic issues of qualifying actions encroaching upon persons executing justice or preliminary investigation." SHS Web of Conferences 108 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110802005.
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A prerequisite for this research is a high public hazard of violent crimes committed against persons executing justice or preliminary investigation since this shakes the foundation of justice and buttress of state power in general. This suggests the need to research the prevention of such crimes using criminal legal methods. The primary goal of the research lies in the analysis of the modern condition and development of relevant proposals to improve the current criminal law of the Russian Federation in terms of regulation of criminal liability for the discussed criminal offenses, which will have a positive effect on their prevention. Research methods: dialectical method of cognition, as well general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, logical, systemic-structural methods) and particular methods of cognition (scientifically statistical, formally legal). The novelty is related to an integrated approach to research the problem of prevention of the discussed offenses and proposals developed on this basis to improve the Russian Federation criminal law, which will increase efficiency in the prevention of these offenses. Results: efficiency of preventing such offenses greatly depends on clear legal regulation of legal norms suggesting criminal liability for committing them. There is a pressing need to complement the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with new wordings of these elements of crimes and changes that would allow formulating a definitive norm clearly defining the scope of persons affected and adopting a Plenum Decree at this stage for this category of criminal cases, which would clarify the implementation of evaluative categories of the discussed elements of crimes.
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Shittu Hakeem Babatunde, ADEKOLA Nurudeen Olanrewaju, ZAMANI Andrew, AMINU Bashir, ISHAKU Aisha Yusuf, and ADAMA Ahmed Mohammed. "Megacity crime management strategies on human security: Evidence of target hardening and developmental prevention in Lagos state, Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.1.1070.
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Lagos, a port and land border megacity, is assailed by waves of violent crimes, alarming traffic blight, unresponsive Federal system of government as been under policed in the face of leap bounding population. How the State has found her own security expression voice independent of the newly created regional Amotekun Security Network is attracting academic attention. It was against this background that this study engaged participatory Theory to analyse megacity crime management strategies on human security in Lagos state, Nigeria. The study employs target hardening and developmental prevention security approaches to measure crime management strategies as it relates to human security. This study adopts qualitative research design using content analysis of publicly available archived documents with reliance on secondary data. The research is conducted by reviewing literature pertaining to crime management strategies, violent crime and its effects on human security in a megacity setting. The literature was obtained through searches in publicly available material. Literature from non-serial publications, official reports, and conferences has been included particularly if they have been cited by other references in term crime management strategies. Results that emanate from this study revealed target hardening positively correlate with provision of human security, while result also shows a disconnect between the State’s developmental prevention strategy and human security. This study also submits that prevalence of violent crimes in Lagos state is as fallout of poor crime management strategies. The study recommends that Lagos state government should invest more into target hardening towards achieving a safer city while the Federal Government should also give a support as a safer Lagos translates to confidence of foreign investors in the country. The study also recommends that Lagos state government should engage more NGOs in evolving a stronger developmental protection strategy, deeply inculcated in both formal and informal educational system in order to stems traces of crime and criminalities at tender ages.
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Parshin, Nikolay. "Sexual education as a measure of individual prevention of sexual offenses among minors." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2022, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2022-1-121-127.
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Illiteracy in interpersonal sex relations, as well as in matters of sex communications, contributes to the development of tolerance of Russian society to sexual violence, a decrease in the age of persons committing sex crimes, a steady increase of violent crime rates (crimes against sexual freedom as well as statutory crimes), and other illegal acts of sexual nature. The mass media offers veiled propaganda of same-sex marriage, impunity, and promiscuity. Violence is increasingly used as a form of conflict resolution. The lack of skills and abilities to identify fake information on the Internet and the media by the rising generation leads to brainwashing, destructive types of interpersonal relationships between minors, the perception of violence as a normal way of life in society, and deformation of sexual relations among young people. The state of health of adolescents is also of concern, as the number of crimes committed by minors under the influence of alcohol or drugs has increased. Among other unsettling trends, in recent years, the number of minors and young adults infected by sexually transmitted diseases has increased as well. Despite the fact that the number of abortions among adolescents has decreased, only in 2020, about 630 thousand abortions were performed on women of reproductive age – that number on average corresponds to the population of Ulyanovsk. The primary cause of the current state of affairs is the lack of appropriate sexual education among minors and young adults, as well as a lack of spiritual and moral guidance.
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Karpovs, Vladimirs. "CRIMINOLOGICAL AND CRIMINAL LAW ANALYSIS OF JUVENILE VIOLENT CRIME." Administrative and Criminal Justice 1, no. 82 (June 21, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v1i82.2854.
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In this article the author studies new forms of destructive violent forms of crimes and other deviations among minors. Among the new forms of destructive aggression in the modern world, the author selected the following: violence in schools (physical and mental), cyberbullying, inducement of minors to suicide. The main purpose of this research is to study the materials of criminal cases, police reports in the world about such violations in order to form the reasons for their commission, as well as offer specific measures of social control and their prevention. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the criminological study of such social phenomena. As one of the main conclusions, we are talking about the need to create an updated and detailed policy for the social control of such deviations.
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SOSA, MARCELO GONÇALVES. "A VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO NO BRASIL: O CASO DOS CRIMES PASSIONAIS." Revista Eletrônica do Curso de Direito da UFSM 7, no. 1 (June 7, 2012): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198136947171.
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RESUMOO artigo que segue pretende focalizar a violência de gênero no Brasil, notadamente uma de suas manifestações- os crimes passionais- através da análise de textos de autores elencados aqui e que tem versado sobre esse tema ao longo da história do Brasil. Assim partimos de um problema concreto qual seja: os crimes passionais podem ser considerados questões de gênero? Partindo assim, desse mote, identificamos na literatura jurídica elementos que apontam nessa direção e corroboram essa assertiva. Nesse ínterim, episódios relacionados aos crimes passionais que envolveram adultérios ou suspeitas de adultérios tiveram um tratamento diferenciado. No estado patriarcal de cunho marcadamente machista, os homens quando acusados de adultério recebiam um tratamento benevolente. Ao contrário quando as mulheres eram acusadas de adúlteras, recebiam da sociedade, a reprovação e muitos homens agiam contra elas da forma mais violenta, respondendo ao que a sociedade esperava deles, ou seja, a morte ou mutilação da mulher. Assim quando nos referimos aos crimes passionais ou crimes da paixão, estamos tratando de um universo marcante da violência de gênero que engloba análises de vários matizes e tendências.Palavras-chave: violência, gênero, crimes passionais. ABSTRACTThe following article intends to focus on gender violence in Brazil, especially one of its manifestations, crimes of passion, through analysis of texts by authors listed here who have learned about this theme throughout the history of Brazil. So we start with a concrete problem which is: crimes of passion can be considered gender issues? Starting then, this theme, we identified elements in the legal literature pointing in that direction and support this assertion. In the meantime, episodes related to crimes of passion involving adultery or suspected adultery had a different treatment. In the state's patriarchal slant markedly macho men when accused of adultery received benevolent treatment. Unlike when they were accused of adulterous women, received the society, the reproach and many men were acting against them in the most violent, responding to what society expected of them, ie, death or mutilation of women. So when we refer to crimes of passion or crimes of passion, we are dealing with a universe marked gender-based violence which includes analysis of various hues and trends.Keywords: violence, gender, crimes of passion. Identificador de Objeto Digital (DOI)10.5902/198136947171
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Silva, Daniel Portela Aguiar da, Marizélia Rodrigues Costa Ribeiro, Maria dos Remédios Freitas Carvalho Branco, Márcio Thadeu Silva Marques, Joelson dos Santos Almeida, Jamesson Amaral Gomes, and Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva. "Deaths, crimes and violence not classified as a crime among children and adolescents in Maranhão, Brazil (2014 to 2020)." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 28, no. 2 (February 2023): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232023282.08342022en.
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Abstract This study compares temporal trends in violent deaths of children and adolescents and analyzes differences in incidents of violence classified and not classified as a crime. We analyzed data from the Mortality Information System and State of Maranhão Public Security Department for the period 2014 to 2020. Child and adolescent were defined as aged 0-11 and 12-17 years old, respectively. Types of violence were organized according to the groups, subgroups, and types of crimes set out in Brazil’s penal code. A total of 1,326 deaths and 8,187 incidents of violence were reported, both of which were more frequent in adolescents. The most frequent types of violence in children and adolescentes, respectively, were: abduction of incapable persons (p < 0.001), abandonment of incapable persons (p = 0.045), rape of vulnerable persons (p = 0.003); homicides (p < 0.001), crimes against individual freedom (p = 0.004), crimes against sexual freedom (p < 0.001), psychological violence (p = 0.034). Domestic violence with bodily harm was more frequent in girls (p < 0.001), while severe bodily harm (p=0.002), homicide (p < 0.001), and harassment (p < 0.001) were more frequent in boys. The findings reveal differences over time in deaths and incidents of violence classified and not classified as crime among both children and adolescents.
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Sullivan, Brandon A., Joshua D. Freilich, and Steven M. Chermak. "An Examination of the American Far Right’s Anti-Tax Financial Crimes." Criminal Justice Review 44, no. 4 (April 21, 2019): 492–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016819839772.
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Little attention has been paid to ideologically motivated tax protesters who use frivolous legal arguments as moral or legal justification for committing tax fraud and related financial crimes. These crimes have defrauded private citizens and governments and are associated with violent far-right extremism, negatively impacting public safety and stability. Using data from the U.S. Extremist Financial Crime Database, we provide an exploratory, descriptive analysis of the composition and motivation of financial crime schemes associated with the American far-right extremist anti-tax movement. Our innovative open-source database permits systematic empirical research into connections among tax avoidance, anti-tax, and anti-government belief and related criminal behavior, which is necessary for the advancement of scholarship on the causes and consequences of these frauds and the development of sound intervention and prevention policies and practices.
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Reed, Thomas B., Richard R. Wallace, and Daniel A. Rodriguez. "Transit Passenger Perceptions of Transit-Related Crime Reduction Measures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1731, no. 1 (January 2000): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1731-16.
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Violent crimes against public transit bus operators and passengers in Michigan were studied. The study was funded by the Michigan Department of Transportation and conducted by the University of Michigan in early 1999. A survey approach examined transit passenger perceptions of numerous transit-related crime reduction measures, primarily patrol and security, design actions, and technological innovation. The respondents ranked emergency telephones for passengers and increased lighting as the best crime prevention measures. The survey was part of a wider study that also surveyed transit agencies and transit vehicle operators.