Journal articles on the topic 'Violent behaviour'
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Terek, Lidija. "Violent behavioural patterns in the reality show "Couples"." CM: Communication and Media 15, no. 48 (2021): 37–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/cm15-27578.
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The paper is dealing with the problem of violent behaviour in the reality show "Couples" (Parovi), which is broadcasted on Happy TV, a commercial television with a national frequency in Serbia. Based on the idea that the conditions in reality shows are conducive to violence due to a large amount of character interaction and little plot, and guided by the results of the research that studied violent behaviours in reality shows in the UK, our research aimed to determine which forms of violent behaviour are most prevalent in this reality show, in what situations and under what circumstances violent behaviours mostly occur, as well as who commits violence most often. The results showed that the most common forms of violence were direct emotional/psychological violence, that the most frequent and diverse violent behaviour was expressed by the Production and TV hosts, that nearly all the violent behaviour of participants were a reaction to the Production's and hosts' provocation and manipulation, as well as that individuals , who have a history of violent behaviour, most often behaved violently during the show. The obtained results proved that the Production of this reality show intends to provoke conflicts and violent behaviours, to compensate for the lack of story.
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Setiawan, Heri, Budi Anna Keliat, and Ice Yulia Wardani. "Sign and Symptom and Ability to Control Violent Behaviour with Music Therapy and Rational Emotive Cognitive Behaviour Therapy." Jurnal NERS 10, no. 2 (October 15, 2015): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v10i22015.233-241.
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Introduction: Prevalence of violence is highly occur in mental disorders clients at psychiatric hospitals. The impact is injure to others. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of music therapy and RECBT to sign and symptom and ability to control violent behaviour. Methods: Quasi-experimental research design with a sample of 64 respondents. Result: The study found a decrease symptoms of violent behaviour, ability to control violent behavior include relaxation, change negative thingking, irational belief, and negative behavior have increased significantly than the clients that did not receiving therapy. Discussion: Music therapy and RECBT is recommended as a therapeutic nursing at the client’s violent behaviour.Key Word: violent, sign and simptom, ability, music therapy, RECBT
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Masath, Faustine. "Emerging Street Youth Violent Groups in Musoma: What is the Role of Individual Parents’ Socio-Economic Status (SES)?" Mkwawa Journal of Education and Development 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37759/mjed.2017.1.1.5.
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This study presents findings regarding violence among emerging street youth violent groups in Musoma, Tanzania using a total sample of 94 (M = 20.02 years, SD = 4.05) respondents purposefully selected from four violent groups. Specific objectives included: examining the variation in violence involvement among the violent groups; establishing the level of relationship between individual parents’ SES and the level of violent behaviour among the members of the violent groups; and examining to determine if individual parents’ SES is a significant predictor of the development of violence among members of the violent groups. Findings revealed higher level of involvement in violent behaviours among groups (M = 70.85, SD = 11.14). The ANOVA results indicated a statistical significant difference [F (3, 90) = 6.035, p = 0.001] in the mean scores of the level of involvement in violent behaviour among the violent groups comprised of members drawn from different socio-economic status. The contribution of parents’ socio-economic status (SES) on individual’s violent behaviours measured by multiple regression analysis was weak (R² =.112, p =.161). Thus, parents’ SES is a weak and non-statistical significant predictor for individual’s involvement in violence and violent acts. Thus, immediate intervention programmes such as establishment of rehabilitation centres and counselling services is recommended.
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K.S, Mwinyimbegu,, and Kubyula, N. "Protecting Children from Violent TV Programmes and Video Games in Tanzania." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (August 12, 2020): 1228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul516.
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Violent Television programmes and video games have been consistently found to have negative impact on children’s education and behaviour. Past and current research on the attitudes of children watching violent television and video games show that children who watch violence in television and video games imitate the violent behaviours of the actors they watch in the television and video games. In Tanzania the influence of violent movies and video games on the education of children is an issue of great concern to parents, pediatricians, educators, researchers, and policymakers. However, very few studies have been undertaken to assess the debilitating effects of violent television programmes and video games on children’s education and attitudinal behaviour. This paper presents the findings of a study undertaken to assess the effects of violence in television and video games on children’s education and attitudinal behaviour. The study’s setting was Isenge Primary School, Pasiansi Ward, in the city of Mwanza. A total of 1,183 pupils were involved where 133 were randomly interviewed. The attitudes of the pupils were assessed by the Child and Adolescent Social Perception Measure (CASP). Results showed that the pupils’ attitudinal behaviours were substantially influenced by violent Television programmes and video games.
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Adinyira, Emmanuel, Patrick Manu, Kofi Agyekum, Abdul-Majeed Mahamadu, and Paul Olaniyi Olomolaiye. "Violent behaviour on construction sites: structural equation modelling of its impact on unsafe behaviour using partial least squares." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 10 (July 8, 2020): 3363–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-09-2019-0489.
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PurposeWork on construction sites involves individuals with diverse character, temperament,age, physical strength, culture, religion and experience level. A good number of these individuals are also alleged to involve themselves in substance and alcohol abuse due to the physically demanding nature of their work. These could promote the prevalence of violence on construction sites which could in turn affect safety on construction sites. However, there is a lack of empirical insight into the effect of violent behaviour and unsafe behaviour on construction sites. This study therefore pioneers an empirical inquiry into the relationship between violent behaviour and unsafe behaviour on construction sites.Design/methodology/approachSeventeen violent behaviours and 15 unsafe behaviours were measured on 12 construction sites among 305 respondents using a structured questionnaire. A total of 207 valid questionnaire responses were collected from site workers. Partial least square–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was used to examine the relationship between violent behaviour and unsafe behaviour.FindingsThe results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between violent behaviour and unsafe behaviour on construction sites.Originality/valueThe findings from this study provide valuable insight into a less investigated dimension of the problem of construction site safety management. A focus on attitudinal issues such as how workers relate toward others and toward self should be an important consideration in safety improvement interventions on construction sites.
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Sawuck, Gary, and Simon Reeves. "Checking violent behaviour." Learning Disability Practice 6, no. 9 (November 2003): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ldp2003.11.6.9.8.c1543.
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Pearson, Cecil. "Violent Criminal Behaviour." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 70, no. 1 (January 1997): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x9707000111.
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Owen, Cathy, Concetta Tarantello, Michael Jones, and Christopher Tennant. "Lunar Cycles and Violent Behaviour." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 4 (August 1998): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809068322.
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Objective: It is commonly believed that the full moon exerts an influence on violence and aggression in psychiatric settings. The literature to date is contentious. This study used a robust methodology to examine the hypothesis that there was an increased frequency of violent and aggressive behaviour among hospitalised psychiatric clients at the time of the full moon. Method: Prospective data were collected in five inpatient psychiatric settings across the Northern Sydney Area Health Service. Morrison's hierarchy of violence and aggression was used to rate behaviour. Lunar phases were clearly defined and Poisson regression used to examine relationships between lunar phase and violence. Extraneous temporal variation was considered. Results: No significant relationship was found between total violence and aggression or level of violence and aggression and any phase of the moon. Conclusion: Future research could profitably examine the implications of a belief in the lunar effect among health workers in the face of evidence that no relationship exists between violence, aggression and the lunar cycle.
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Mungas, Dan. "Psychometric Correlates of Episodic Violent Behaviour." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 2 (February 1988): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.2.180.
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Three groups of neuropsychiatric out-patients, homogeneous according to parameters of violent behaviour, were identified in a previous study using a cluster analysis procedure and compared in this study on psychometric variables. These groups were (a) a group manifesting frequent, impulsive violence (n= 35), (b) a non-violent group (n= 57), and (c) a group whose violent behaviour was much less frequent and severe than in the first group, and more provoked (n= 31). Impulsively violent patients showed language and visual-perceptual deficits, but no other neuropsychological or intellectual deficits. The MMPI F, K and Ma and MacAndrews Alcoholism scales and a perceptual organisation factor derived from the Holtzman Inkblot Test significantly discriminated groups. Results of this and the initial study have implications regarding psychological aspects of aggression and underlying biological mechanisms.
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Walji, Irram, Vincent Egan, Andres Fonseca, and Adam Huxley. "The relationship between violence, level of functioning, and treatment outcome in psychiatric inpatients." Journal of Forensic Practice 16, no. 4 (November 4, 2014): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-05-2013-0033.
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Purpose – There is an association between the diagnosis of a mental illness and violent behaviour. Individuals diagnosed with severe and enduring mental health difficulties who display violent behaviour have inferior treatment outcomes when compared with those who do not engage in violent behaviour. Violent behaviour within care settings impacts on general functioning, adherence to treatment plans, and inhibits wider recovery goals. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This research studied 95 inpatients with a primary diagnosis of severe mental illness, with and without a history of violence, and compared how levels of global functioning and risk impacted on recovery. Patients were divided into two groups: those with and without a previous or current history of violence. The two groups were compared on measures of global functioning, symptomatology, and risk at baseline and 12-month follow up. Findings – Both violent and non-violent groups showed increased global functioning over time, with no significant difference between the groups. Neither group showed significant reductions in risk over time. Patients in the violent group had significantly fewer prior and current symptoms of mental ill-health than non-violent individuals. Research limitations/implications – Despite evidence suggesting that historical or current violence leads to impaired outcomes amongst people with diagnoses of mental illness, the findings of this study suggest a history of violent behaviour was not a predictor of poor progress within inpatient settings. Practical implications – Disconfirming previous hypotheses, the paper suggests that in itself, violent behaviour does not always significantly impair outcomes for individuals diagnosed with mental illnesses, and that many other variables contribute to meaningful recovery. Originality/value – Whilst there are previous studies investigating outcomes for inpatients diagnosed with mental illness who have violent histories, there is a dearth of research comparing equivalent groups in the same facility over the same time period. This study directly compared inpatients with or without a history of violence in the same psychiatric rehabilitation settings.
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Witteman, Cilia. "Violent figures, risky stories." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 10, no. 4 (July 2004): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.10.4.275.
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Doctor (2004, this issue) raises the important question of how to assess and manage violent behaviour. He claims that actuarial models of risk assessment based on epidemiology have failed, and that indeed the most reliable risk assessment is one based on clinical methods. He proposes that psychodynamic psychotherapy be used for this purpose, to uncover the meaning of the violent behaviour. Such therapy will, Doctor argues, help the violent person be aware of and understand the function of their behaviour. This understanding in turn will reduce the need in the patient to act out violently.
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Michailovič, Ilona. "The Importance of Changing Abusive Behavior to Prevent Domestic Violence." Teisė 114 (April 5, 2020): 8–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2020.114.1.
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The importance of working with domestic abusers is being analysed in the article. The need for correction of violent behaviour, based on international standards and empirical research, is emphasized by teaching perpetrators of domestic violence to adopt non-violent behaviour in interpersonal relationships with a view to changing violent behavioural patterns.
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Coid, Jeremy, Rafael A. González, Constantinos Kallis, Yamin Zhang, YuanYuan Liu, Jane Wood, Zara Quigg, and Simone Ullrich. "Gang membership and sexual violence: associations with childhood maltreatment and psychiatric morbidity." British Journal of Psychiatry 217, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.69.
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BackgroundGang members engage in many high-risk sexual activities that may be associated with psychiatric morbidity. Victim-focused research finds high prevalence of sexual violence towards women affiliated with gangs.AimsTo investigate associations between childhood maltreatment and psychiatric morbidity on coercive and high-risk sexual behaviour among gang members.MethodCross-sectional survey of 4665 men 18–34 years in Great Britain using random location sampling. The survey oversampled men from areas with high levels of violence and gang membership. Participants completed questionnaires covering violent and sexual behaviours, experiences of childhood disadvantage and trauma, and psychiatric diagnoses using standardised instruments.ResultsAntisocial men and gang members had high levels of sexual violence and multiple risk behaviours for sexually transmitted infections, childhood maltreatment and mental disorders, including addictions. Physical, sexual and emotional trauma were strongly associated with adult sexual behaviour and more prevalent among gang members. Other violent behaviour, psychiatric morbidity and addictions accounted for high-risk and compulsive sexual behaviours among gang members but not antisocial men. Gang members showed precursors before age 15 years of adult preference for coercive rather than consenting sexual behaviour.ConclusionsGang members show inordinately high levels of childhood trauma and disadvantage, sexual and non-sexual violence, and psychiatric disorders, which are interrelated. The public health problem of sexual victimisation of affiliated women is explained by these findings. Healthcare professionals may have difficulties promoting desistance from adverse health-related behaviours among gang members whose multiple high-risk and violent sexual behaviours are associated with psychiatric morbidity, particularly addictions.
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Walsh, Elizabeth, Paul Moran, Charles Scott, Kwame McKenzie, Tom Burns, Francis Creed, Peter Tyrer, Robin M. Murray, and Tom Fahy. "Prevalence of violent victimisation in severe mental illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 183, no. 3 (September 2003): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.183.3.233.
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BackgroundSince de-institutionalisation, much has been written about the risk posed to the community by those with severe mental illness. However, violent victimisation of people with mental illnesses has received little attention.AimsTo establish the 1-year prevalence of violent victimisation in community-dwelling patients with psychosis and to identify the socio-demographic and clinical correlates of violent victimisation.MethodA total of 691 subjects with established psychotic disorders were interviewed. The past-year prevalence of violent victimisation was estimated and compared with general population figures. Those who reported being violently victimised were compared with those who did not on a range of social and clinical characteristics.ResultsSixteen per cent of patients reported being violently victimised. Victims of violence were significantly more likely to report severe psychopathological symptoms, homelessness, substance misuse and previous violent behaviour and were more likely to have a comorbid personality disorder.ConclusionsThose with psychosis are at considerable risk of violent victimisation in the community. Victimisation experience should be recorded in the standard psychiatric interview.
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Vevera, Jan, Alan Hubbard, Arnošt Veselý, and Hana Papežová. "Violent behaviour in schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 187, no. 5 (November 2005): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.5.426.
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BackgroundA number of studies have reported increased violence in patients with schizophrenia.AimsTo determine the prevalence of violence among those with schizophrenia in samples from 1949, 1969, 1989 and 2000 in Prague (Czech Republic) and to examine trends in this behaviour.MethodRecords from 404 patients meeting DSM–IV criteria for schizophrenia were screened for violence (defined as 3 points on the Modified Overt Aggression Scale) from the first observed psychotic symptoms until the time of latest available information.ResultsLogistic regression revealed a marginally significant increase in violence only inthe 2000 cohort. Overall, violence was associated with schizophrenia in 41.8% of men and 32.7% of women, with no association between substance misuse and violence.ConclusionsThe violence rate found in our sample is expected to remain stable over time under stable conditions. Substance misuse is not the leading cause of violence among those with schizophrenia.
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Louw, D. A., C. C. Strydom, and K. G. F. Esterhuyse. "Prediction of violent behaviour." Criminal Justice 5, no. 4 (November 2005): 379–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466802505057717.
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Hodgins, Sheilagh. "Violent behaviour among people with schizophrenia: a framework for investigations of causes, and effective treatment, and prevention." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1503 (April 23, 2008): 2505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0034.
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Robust evidence has accumulated showing that individuals who develop schizophrenia are at elevated risk when compared to the general population to engage in violence towards others. This violence impacts negatively on victims as well as perpetrators and poses a significant financial burden to society. It is posited that among violent offenders with schizophrenia there are three distinct types defined by the age of onset of antisocial and violent behaviour. The early starters display a pattern of antisocial behaviour that emerges in childhood or early adolescence, well before illness onset, and that remains stable across the lifespan. The largest group of violent offenders with schizophrenia show no antisocial behaviour prior to the onset of the illness and then repeatedly engage in aggressive behaviour towards others. A small group of individuals who display a chronic course of schizophrenia show no aggressive behaviour for one or two decades after illness onset and then engage in serious violence, often killing, those who care for them. We hypothesize that both the developmental processes and the proximal factors, such as symptoms of psychosis and drug misuse, associated with violent behaviour differ for the three types of offenders with schizophrenia, as do their needs for treatment.
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Hachtel, Henning, Cieran Harries, Stefan Luebbers, and James RP Ogloff. "Violent offending in schizophrenia spectrum disorders preceding and following diagnosis." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 8 (March 15, 2018): 782–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867418763103.
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Objective: People affected by schizophrenia spectrum disorders are at a higher risk of offending violently. This study aims to investigate risk factors in relation to the peri-diagnostic period and possible predictors of post-diagnostic violence of people diagnosed for the first time in the public mental health system. Methods: The study compared various risk factors for post-diagnostic violence in patients ( n = 1453) diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Patients were grouped according to the occurrence of peri-diagnostic violence. Of the 246 violent offenders, 164 committed their first offence pre-diagnosis. Mental health and criminological variables were evaluated across the lifespan (median age at end of follow-up = 34.22 years, range = 17.02–55.80 years). Results: Gender, employment, non-violent offending, family incidents, violent and non-violent victimisation, substance use, personality disorder, number of in-patient admissions and history of non-compliance differed significantly across violent and non-violent subgroups (all p ⩽ 0.01 and at least small effect size). More frequent and longer inpatient admissions were found in the violent subgroups (all p ⩽ 0.01). For the whole sample, sex, number of violent offences, non-violent offences, violent victimisation, substance use and number of inpatient admissions predicted post-diagnostic violence (χ2 (6) = 188.13, p < 0.001). Among patients with a history of pre-diagnostic violence, a history of non-violent offending in the 18-month period pre-diagnosis was the strongest predictor of future violence (odds ratio = 3.08, 95% confidence interval [1.32, 7.21]). Conclusion: At triage, violence risk assessment should consider the presence of antisocial behaviour and violent victimisation, substance use, male gender and frequency of inpatient admissions. Common treatment targets for the prevention of post-diagnostic violence include criminality and victimisation. Treatment of positive symptoms should be of greater emphasis for individuals without a history of pre-diagnostic violence.
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Smidt, Hannah. "Mitigating election violence locally: UN peacekeepers’ election-education campaigns in Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 1 (January 2020): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319884993.
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False information, rumours and hate speech can incite violent protest and rioting during electoral periods. To counter such disinformation, United Nations peacekeeping operations (PKOs) routinely organize election-education events. While researchers tend to study how PKOs affect armed group and state behaviour, this study shifts the focus to civilians. It argues that PKOs’ election education reduces violent protest and rioting involving civilians during electoral periods via three pathways. First, learning about PKOs’ electoral security assistance during election-education events may convince people that political opponents cannot violently disturb elections, thereby mitigating fears of election violence. Second, election-education events provide politically relevant information that can strengthen political efficacy and people’s ability to make use of peaceful political channels. Finally, peace messages during election-education events can change people’s calculus about the utility and appropriateness of violent behaviour. Together, these activities mitigate fears, reduce political alienation and counter civilians’ willingness to get involved in violence. To test these expectations, I combine survey data on people’ perceptions and attitudes, events data on violent protest and rioting, and a novel dataset on local-level election-education events carried out by the PKO in Côte d’Ivoire before four elections held between 2010 and 2016. The results show that when the PKO is perceived to be an impartial arbiter, its election-education events have violence-mitigating effects at the individual and subnational levels.
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Jokinen, J., M. Åsberg, and P. Nordström. "FC13-02 - Karolinska interpersonal violence scale predicts suicide in suicide attempters." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73587-8.
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Both childhood trauma and violent behaviour are important risk factors for suicidal behaviour. The aim of the present study was to construct and to validate a clinical rating scale that could measure both the exposure to and the expression of violence in childhood and during adult life and to study the ability of the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale to predict ultimate suicide in suicide attempters.161 suicide attempters and 95 healthy volunteers were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) measuring exposure to violence and expressed violent behaviour in childhood (between 6-14 years of age) and during adult life (15 years or older). The Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI), “Urge to act out hostility” subscale from the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ) and the “Early Experience Questionnaire” (EEQ) were used for validation. All patients were followed up for cause of death and a minimum of fours years from entering in the study.Patients who committed suicide had significantly higher scores in exposure to violence as a child, in expressed violent behaviour as an adult and in KIV total score compared to survivors. Suicide attempters scored significantly higher compared to healthy volunteers in three of the four KIV scales. There were significant correlations between the KIVS subscales, BDHI, Urge to act out hostility and EEQ.Exposure to violence in childhood and violent behaviour in adulthood are risk factors for suicide in suicide attempters. The KIVS is a valuable new tool in suicide risk assessment.
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Clare, Patrick, Susan Bailey, and Andrew Clark. "Relationship between psychotic disorders in adolescence and criminally violent behaviour: A retrospective examination." British Journal of Psychiatry 177, no. 3 (September 2000): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.3.275.
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BackgroundThe interaction between psychosis and violence in adults is an important area of research receiving attention. To date there is little available data examining this relationship in adolescence.AimsTo investigate the possible relationships between criminally violent types of behaviour, and psychopathology and social factors, among adolescents suffering from a psychotic disorder.MethodA retrospective case note study of 39 in-patients diagnosed as having a psychotic disorder and admitted to one of two adolescent psychiatry units (one secure, one open). Cases were divided into a ‘violent’ and a ‘non-violent’ group, and these two groups were then compared for social and psychopathological variables.ResultsThere was no association between recorded psychopathology and criminally violent behaviour. Criminally violent behaviour was associated with a history of emotional or physical abuse, contact with social or mental health services, and previous criminal behaviour.ConclusionsThese findings fail to echo results of studies in adult schizophrenia; they suggest that violent behaviour in psychosis is associated more closely with social factors than with specific symptoms of the psychotic illness. Potential explanations are discussed.
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Chester, Verity, Harriet Wells, Mark Lovell, Clare Melvin, and Samuel Joseph Tromans. "The prevention of offending behaviour by people with intellectual disabilities: a case for specialist childhood and adolescent early intervention." Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities 13, no. 5 (August 21, 2019): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/amhid-03-2019-0008.
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Purpose Elucidating where antisocial or violent behaviour arises within the life course of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) could improve outcomes within this population, through informing services and interventions which prevent behaviours reaching a forensic threshold. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The Historical Clinical Risk Management-20, Version 3 assessments of a cohort of 84 inpatients within a forensic ID service were analysed for this study, with a particular emphasis on items concerned with the age at which antisocial or violence first emerged. Findings For most participants, violent or antisocial behaviour was first observed in childhood or adolescence. The study also highlighted a smaller subgroup, whose problems with violence or antisocial behaviour were first observed in adulthood. Originality/value The study findings suggest that targeted services in childhood and adolescence may have a role in reducing the offending behaviour and forensic involvement of people with ID. This has implications for the service models provided for children and adolescents with ID with challenging or offending behaviour.
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Duckitt, John H. "The Prediction of Violence." South African Journal of Psychology 18, no. 1 (March 1988): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638801800102.
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Behaviour prediction is an important applied goal of psychology and the prediction of violent behaviour, in particular, has attracted considerable attention. Although the ability of mental health professionals to predict violence adequately was widely accepted till the late 1960s, a number of important studies then seemed to establish irrefutably the conclusion that clinical assessments of dangerousness, or violence proneness, were hopelessly inaccurate. Renewed attempts to predict violent behaviour, particularly in criminal populations, however, have recently culminated in the development of empirically based actuarial systems, which have shown a dramatically improved capacity to predict violent behaviour. These systems have already begun to have important impacts on parole and institutional classification policies. It is argued that these new systems involve not merely a methodological, but also an important conceptual shift in the enterprise of violence prediction, and that actuarial strategies may have been unjustifiably neglected by psychologists. Some suggestions for the integration of such actuarial approaches with contemporary theoretical developments in personality and social psychology are discussed.
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Porter, Guy, and Vladan Starcevic. "Are Violent Video Games Harmful?" Australasian Psychiatry 15, no. 5 (October 2007): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10398560701463343.
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Objective: The aim of this paper is to revisit the controversial issue of the association of violent video games and aggressive behaviour. Conclusions: Several lines of evidence suggest that there is a link between exposure to violent video games and aggressive behaviour. However, methodological shortcomings of research conducted so far make several interpretations of this relationship possible. Thus, aggressive behaviour may be a consequence of playing violent video games, an expression of hostile traits that existed before exposure to these games, and/or it may be a result of several possible combinations of these and other factors. Mental health professionals need to be aware of these potentially negative effects of violent video games when assessing patients who present with aggression. There is a need for prospective, long-term studies similar to those evaluating the effects of television and film violence on children and adolescents.
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Robertson, G., P. J. Taylor, and J. C. Gunn. "Does Violence Have Cognitive Correlates?" British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 1 (July 1987): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.1.63.
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The relationship between cognitive function and violence in 76 remanded prisoners, without formal psychiatric illness, was investigated. The violent group tended to be of slightly lower general ability than the non-violent group, but not abnormally so in relation to the general population; no relationship was found between specific patterns of cognitive functioning and violence. The violent group reported significantly higher levels of neurotic symptoms than the non-violent group, and were more socially deviant. To a small extent general intelligence (reasoning ability), in interaction with many other factors, may be related to a propensity for violent behaviour, but no particular aspect of cortical functioning seems to be related to violence.
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Arseneault, Louise, Mary Cannon, Robin Murray, Richie Poulton, Avshalom Caspi, and Terrie E. Moffitt. "Childhood origins of violent behaviour in adults with schizophreniform disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 183, no. 06 (December 2003): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.183.6.520.
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Background People with psychosis have an elevated risk of violence. Aims To examine whether violent behaviour in adults with psychosis can be accounted for by psychotic symptoms or physical aggression in childhood. Method We used data from a prospective longitudinal study of a complete birth cohort born in New Zealand. When cohort members were 26 years old, information was obtained on past-year psychiatric diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder and on violent behaviour. Childhood psychotic symptoms were measured at age 11 years using a diagnostic interview, and childhood physical aggression was assessed by teachers when cohort members were aged 7, 9 and 11 years. Results Participants with schizophreniform disorder were more likely to be violent than participants without, even after controlling for sociodemographic variables and concurrent substance dependence disorders. Childhood psychotic symptoms were a strong risk factor for violence in adults with schizophreniform disorder, as was childhood physical aggression, allthough to a lesser extent. Conclusions Violence by individuals with schizophreniform disorder could be prevented by monitoring early signs of psychotic symptoms and by controlling childhood physical aggression.
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Wong, Michael, Peter Fenwick, George Fenton, John Lumsden, Michael Maisey, and John Stevens. "Repetitive and Non-Repetitive Violent Offending Behaviour in Male Patients in a Maximum Security Mental Hospital – Clinical and Neuroimaging Findings." Medicine, Science and the Law 37, no. 2 (April 1997): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249703700211.
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Objective: To examine if different violent offending behaviours are associated with different clinical and neuroimaging profiles. Method: Thirty-nine schizophrenic and schizoaffective offenders from a maximum security mental hospital – 20 repetitive violent offenders (RVOs) and 19 non-repetitive violent offenders (NRVOs) – were selected for clinical and neuroimaging assessments. Results: Both groups had positive family history of mental illness and violence. Age, diagnosis, duration of illness, victim profiles and use of weapons at the time of the index offence were similar. RVOs had a higher prevalence of early parental separation, juvenile conduct problem, previous convictions of crimes not involving violence, impulsive suicide attempts, delusion of their lives being threatened at the time of the index offence and electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities localized to temporal lobes. NRVOs had a higher prevalence of sexual inexperience and command hallucinations to kill at the time of the index offence. Asymmetric gyral patterns at the temporo-parietal region were particularly common in RVOs and absent in NRVOs. Non-specific white matter changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and generalized cortical hypometabolism in positron emission tomography (PET) were present in both groups. Conclusions: Different structural and metabolic changes in the brain were associated with different violent offending behaviours. The complex interaction between violent behaviour, clinical features and neuroimaging findings in schizophrenia requires further studies.
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Roaldset, J. O., S. Bjørkly, and K. G. Gøtestam. "Patients’ Self-Report as Predictor of Self-Harm and Violence in an Acute Psychiatric Unit. A Prospective Naturalistic Study." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71199-x.
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The risk of self-harm and violent behaviour by psychiatric patients is an important clinical research topic. However, a literature search on measurement of patients’ structured self-reported assessment of future risk of violent, suicidal or self mutilating behaviour failed to disclose any published empirical research. In the acute psychiatric ward at Ålesund Hospital in Norway we conducted a study of risk assessment of self harm and violent behaviour at admittance and at discharge, followed by prospective measurement of occurred episodes.All admitted patients during one year (489 persons with 716 stays) were included. At admittance and at discharge the Violence Risk Screening-10 (V-RISK-10), items taping suicidal thoughts and behaviour, and patients’ structured self-reported risk of self-harm and violent behaviour (583 self-reports) were scored (six items: no risk-, little-, moderate-, high-, very high risk, don't know the risk, will not answer). The patients were asked to give a blood sample to measure lipids and serotonin. Incidents of aggressive behaviour (against others and self-directed) were monitored during hospital stay (phase 1) and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after discharge (phase 2).Preliminary results pertaining to the relationship between the patients’ predictions of self-harm and violent behaviour and occurred episodes during the subsequent hospital stay (phase 1) and the first three months after discharge (phase 2), indicate that the predictive validity of patients’ self-report was highly significant both for violent behaviour, suicidal behaviour and self mutilation in phase 1 and phase 2. Effect sizes ranged from moderate to high.
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PRABHU, HRA, and PS VALDIYA. "VIOLENT BEHAVIOUR IN PYSCHIATRIC INPATIENTS." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 50, no. 2 (April 1994): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(17)31010-9.
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Almaani, Mohammed Ahmad. "Policy Analysis of Violent Behaviour." Middle East Journal of Nursing 7, no. 3 (June 2013): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5742/mejn.2013.73297.
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Burrows, Graham D., and Trevor R. Norman. "Suicide, violent behaviour and fluoxetine." Medical Journal of Australia 161, no. 7 (October 1994): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127518.x.
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Lodge, George J. "Assessing risk of violent behaviour." Psychiatric Bulletin 21, no. 11 (November 1997): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.21.11.703.
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All British mental health professionals will be aware of several highly publicised deaths at the hands of mentally ill people and will have seen the conclusions of inquiries and government reactions. To reduce the risk of future tragedies effective methods of risk assessment and prediction are needed.
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Thompson, Peter. "Violent Behaviour in Psychiatric Hospitals." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 5 (November 1986): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000140437.
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Virkkunen, Matti. "Brain serotonin and violent behaviour." Journal of Forensic Psychiatry 3, no. 1 (May 1992): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585189208407635.
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Shah, A. K. "Violent behaviour on psychiatric wards." Lancet 337, no. 8743 (March 1991): 739–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)90329-n.
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Krek, Janez. "Structural Reasons for School Violence and Education Strategies." Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal 10, no. 2 (June 24, 2020): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.636.
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For the purposes of the research, we developed a concept of structural reasons that we theoretically assume appear as typical structural reasons for violence in schools. With empirical research, we determined how primary school teachers recognise violent behaviour and how they execute moral education in the areas of the specific structural reasons for violence. We found that the majority of teachers have appropriate pedagogical knowledge to recognise the specific structural reasons for violence and are able to identify the appropriate moral education or support strategy to address the identified violent or disruptive behaviour. However, even in cases of repeating acts of violence, teachers only begin to engage with the factors or reasons behind violent incidents in individual cases, and not systematically. We therefore suggest that schools introduce the systematic differentiation of structural reasons for violence and incorporate this approach in the school moral education plan and the work of teachers. Within such frameworks, violence and disruptive behaviour would be eliminated through moral education and/or support strategies appropriate to the specific structural reasons.
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Philipp-Wiegmann, F., K. D. Römer, W. Retz, and M. Rösler. "FC29-01 - Reduced cortical inhibition in violent offenders: A study with transcranial magnetic stimulation." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73680-x.
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IntroductionAggression and violent behaviour are often noticed as a threat of society. Therefore, the understanding of violent behaviour has high social relevance.ObjectivesThe investigation sample comprised 80 right-handers: 40 prisoners who committed severe violent crimes and 40 controls with no history of violence. All subjects were male and matched for age.AimesWe performed a study with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in a sample of violent offenders in order to measure cortical inhibition in the motoneural system which is part of the frontal cortex.MethodsTo investigate the intracortical inhibition and the intracortical facilitation we conducted paired-pulse stimulation according to the technique of Kujirai et al. (1993). The investigation sample comprised 80 right-handers: 40 prisoners who committed severe violent crimes and 40 controls with no history of violence. All subjects were male and matched for age.ResultsUsing the paired-pulse paradigm with interstimulus intervals (ISI) of 1–15 ms, a reduced cortical inhibition (ISI 3 ms) was found in violent offenders compared with control subjects in the left cortex.ConclusionsThese findings corroborate the hypothesis of inhibition deficits in violent offenders when compared with control subjects due to a lack of impulsive control.
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Jain, Reena. "Effect of Psychological Wellbeing on Violent Behavior among Adolescents In Reference to Parenting Style." European Journal of Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss.v1i3.p103-110.
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Present study aims to find the relationship of psychological wellbeing and violent behavior among adolescents in relation to parenting style. In other words this study wants to see the effect of parenting style on psychological wellbeing and violent behavior among adolescent. A single group co-relational design is planned to see the relationship between the variables of the study. 150 urban adolescents between 14 to 20 years from senior school to under graduate level from different part of the world and social economic background were used as the sample of the study. They were assessed by Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB) to see psychological wellbeing and Parenting Style Inventory II (PSI-II) by Nancy Darling and Teru Toyokawa is used to know their parental style and Adolescent Violent Behaviour Checklist (AVBC) was used based on the feedback from school/college authorities, parents and neighbours to know their violent behaviour. Pearson product moment correlation method and factor analysis are used to find the results. Negative significant high correlation was found between psychological wellbeing and violent behaviour among adolescents. Psychological wellbeing and authoritative parenting were found significantly positively correlated among adolescents. Positive relation and autonomy (psychological wellbeing factors) were the prominent factors and significantly correlated with authoritative parenting style. Conclusion generated from the study was that psychological wellbeing and authoritative parenting effects negatively in developing violent behaviour among adolescents. In other words both help in developing nonviolence behaviour among adolescents in the world.
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Whiteside, Emma, and Carol A. Bond. "Understanding disruptive behaviour in the juvenile prison estate." Journal of Forensic Practice 19, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-11-2015-0050.
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Purpose Serious incidents of violent disruption within the national young-persons’ prison estate endanger offenders, staff and visitors and have a significant impact. The purpose of this paper is to explore the function of and factors influencing violent disruptive behaviour. Design/methodology/approach In total, 21 young people (n=21) with a history of violence in custody were administered semi-structured interviews to explore the reasons for their behaviour. The data were explored using thematic analysis. Findings Six themes were identified: attitude and propensity for violence, perceptions and intolerance of others, consequences of violent behaviour, the physical environment, previous indicators, and protective factors. Research limitations/implications The study is reliant on self-report and thus may reflect biases. The presence of a recording device may have had an impact on responses. Logistical practicalities meant participants were approached via an intermediary which may have impacted on a willingness to participate. Practical implications Several practical implications are identified: cognitive skills programmes which encourage consequential thinking, perspective-taking, communication skills and exploring alternative problem-solving strategies are of value. Shouting through doors and windows is a major source of provocation and should be addressed. The induction process provides opportunities for equality-awareness work. Gang membership issues are a major cause of violence, and attitudes around this should be addressed. Building trust between staff and young people helps reduce problems. Systems to provide access to facilities and to provide support to cope with stress and isolation may be of value. Originality/value This study uses a qualitative approach to exploring young people’s views on prison violence. The findings reflect previous research but strengthen the perspective that violence in prison serves several purposes for those involved and that violence-reduction strategies must be multi-modal to be effective.
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Moberg, T., P. Nordström, M. Kristiansson, and J. Jokinen. "FC04-03 - Serotonin, trauma and violence in attempted suicide." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73534-9.
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IntroductionSerotonin is implicated in impaired impulse control, aggression and suicidal behaviour. Low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) have been found in violent suicide attempters, suicide victims and in violent offenders. CSF 5-HIAA concentrations have both genetic and environmental determinants. Childhood trauma may have an effect on central monoamine function as an adult.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship of CSF 5-HIAA and the exposure to and the expression of violence in childhood and during adult life measured with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS).Methods42 medication free suicide attempters underwent lumbar puncture and were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) to assess history of childhood exposure to violence and lifetime expressed violent behaviour.ResultsIn women CSF 5-HIAA showed a significant negative correlation to exposure to violence during childhood. Furthermore, suicide attempters with low CSF 5-HIAA were more prone to commit violent acts as an adult if exposed to violence as a child compared to suicide attempters with high CSF 5-HIAA. In the non-traumatized group, CSF 5-HIAA showed a significant negative correlation to expressed violent behaviour in childhood.ConclusionsAlthough central serotonergic function has important genetic determinants, exposure to childhood trauma may also affect serotonergic function. Low serotonergic function may facilitate aggression dyscontrol in traumatized suicide attempters.
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Moskowitz, Andrew. "How can dissociation help us to understand violent behaviour?" MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 1 (March 2010): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2010-001002.
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The connection between dissociative experiences and violent behaviour, while well established in literature, has been ignored in criminological and public policy debates. Throughout the Western world, homicides are regularly reported by the media in which friends or family members express astonishment, insisting the accused to be "incapable" of such behaviour because he was "a nice guy", "a good friend", etc. Many people continue to believe that a person's public behaviour is consistent with what they are like in private, which ignores the reality of dissociation. This paper will attempt to correct this perception by discussing several ways in which dissociation and violence may be linked. Following a brief overview of dissociation and the Dissociative Experiences Scale, evidence will be presented to suggest that dissociation may mediate the so-called intergenerational "cycle of violence". I will then consider the prevalence and significance of ongoing dissociative experiences reported by prisoners and offenders, dissociative experiences occurring at the time of a violent offence, and reported levels of amnesia subsequent to homicides. Finally, I will discuss a proposed type of homicide offender, known as "over-controlled hostile" - a person with no history of aggression and significant difficulties with assertiveness - which could be considered to be dissociative in nature. Key words: dissociative experiences, violence, amnesia, peri-traumatic dissociation, homicide
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Hyde, Clive E., G. Waller, and E. Wyn-Pugh. "Psychopathology and violent behaviour in psychiatric intensive care." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 9 (September 1992): 536–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.16.9.536.
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This study considered the use of staff observation and patient's self-ratings of subjective psychopathology on admission to a psychiatric intensive care unit. The aim was to evaluate these measures as a means of predicting subsequent assaults and self-injury during the patients' stay on the ward. Few studies have shown a relationship between subjective experience and observable violent behaviour although some have found a correlation with ‘violence potential’. Eichelman & Hartwig (1990) have suggested the use of the SCL-90 hostility subscale, although doubts have been expressed about the ability of psychotic patients to complete such questionnaires reliably. The usefulness of both patients' self-ratings and staff observation would lie in their ability to help staff predict violence and self-injury and to take appropriate action.
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Siregar, Srimaryatun, Zullian Effendi, and Syang Ajeng Mardiyah. "A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Assertive Training Against the Ability to Control Violent Behavior in Schizophrenic Patients." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 11, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2020.11.3.210-222.
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Violence behaviour is a maladaptive form of anger response that is dangerous and can hurt yourself, others and the environment. Therefore it is a concern for health workers to apply an effective and appropriate therapy to overcome these problems. This study was aimed to compare the differences in Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Assertive Training (AT) in controlling violent behavior in schizophrenic patients.This study was used a quasi experimental pre-post test control group design.The number of samples was 30 respondents and taken by purposive sampling technique based on inclusion criteria. Samples of this study were schizophrenic patients with violent behavior totaling 30 people consisting of 10 people in the treatment group I who were given a standard of nursing care and CBT,10 people in the treatment group II who were given a standard of nursing care and AT and 10 people in the control group who only got the standard nursing behavior violent behavior.The results showed that there were differences in the patient's violent behavior between the treatment groups given CBT, AT and the control group before and after the intervention was given with CBT p=0.021 and ATp =0.032.There was a significant difference between CBT and AT in controlling violent behavior with a value of p=0.015. Based on the mean difference values, CBT have been better than AT in controlling violent behavior. CBT can improve patient's ability to control violent behavior. We recommend that CBT can be applied in health and community services.
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Arango, C., I. Bombín, T. González-Salvador, I. García-Cabeza, and J. Bobes. "Randomised clinical trial comparing oral versus depot formulations of zuclopenthixol in patients with schizophrenia and previous violence." European Psychiatry 21, no. 1 (January 2006): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.07.006.
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AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this longitudinal study was to determine whether the depot formulation of an antipsychotic reduces violence in outpatients with schizophrenia as compared to oral administration of the same antipsychotic.MethodsForty-six previously violent patients with schizophrenia were randomised to receive treatment with oral or depot zuclopenthixol for 1 year. Clinicians interviewed patients at baseline and every month thereafter to assess treatment adherence. An interviewer blinded to treatment assignments interviewed an informant about any violent behaviour during the previous month.ResultsViolence during the follow-up year was inversely proportional to treatment adherence, better compliance, and greater reduction of positive symptoms. Lower frequency of violent acts was observed in the depot group. The level of insight at baseline was not significantly associated with violence recidivism. Regardless of route of administration, treatment non-adherence was the best predictor of violence.ConclusionsSome patients with schizophrenia and prior violent behaviour may benefit from the depot formulation of antipsychotic medication.
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Hakeem, Az, and Brian Fitzgerald. "A survey of violent and threatening behaviours within an in-patient learning disability unit." Psychiatric Bulletin 26, no. 11 (November 2002): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.11.424.
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Aims and MethodTo analyse violent and threatening behaviour occurring within an in-patient service. We surveyed recorded incidents over a 6-month period.ResultsNinety-six incidents were recorded. The patients involved were assessed as being aware of their actions. Police were contacted in five cases. No charges were pressed.Clinical ImplicationsWe believe that violence and threatening behaviours are excessively tolerated in learning disability units. Reasons for this include a staff culture of accepting offending behaviour and an unwillingness or inability to involve the police.
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Buckley, Peter, David Walshe, Hubert A. Colohan, Eadbhard O'Callaghan, Fiona Mulvany, Tessa Gibson, John L. Waddington, and Conall Larkin. "Violence and Schizophrenia — a study of the occurrence and clinical correlates of violence among schizophrenic patients." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 7, no. 2 (September 1990): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s079096670001661x.
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AbstractThe relationship between mental illness and violent behaviour, particularly in schizophrenia, is an important issue both for health care professionals and the general public. Estimates of the prevalence of violence among schizophrenic patients vary according to patient selection, patient setting, and the definition of violence employed. This study investigated the occurrence and characteristics of violence and its clinical correlates among 698 schizophrenic patients who had been treated in an Irish general psychiatric hospital. Violent behaviour occurred in 16% of patients. The vast majority of acts were of a minor nature and serious physical assault was noted in only 1% of cases. Our findings are discussed with reference to the available literature.
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Yakeley, Jessica. "Psychodynamic approaches to violence." BJPsych Advances 24, no. 2 (March 2018): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2017.23.
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SUMMARYThe assessment and management of violent behaviour in mentally disordered patients are no longer the sole domain of forensic psychiatrists, but are increasingly part of the day-to-day work of all psychiatrists and mental health professionals. Violence risk assessment has become a huge industry, and although the importance of dynamic, as well as actuarial, risk factors is now recognised, a more systematic approach exploring the psychodynamics in the aetiology, assessment and treatment of violent behaviour is often lacking. In this article I revisit some of the key psychodynamic principles and concepts relevant to an understanding of violence, summarising the historical contributions of key psychoanalytic writers on violence and aggression, and exploring the ideas of more contemporary writers working in the field of forensic psychotherapy. A psychodynamic framework for working with violent patients is introduced, focusing on the setting and containment, specific therapeutic interventions and monitoring countertransference reactions.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Understand historical and contemporary psychoanalytic theories of the aetiology of aggression and violence•Utilise a psychodynamic framework for working with violent patients and offenders•Understand the use of countertransference in the risk assessment and treatment of violenceDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
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Volavka, Jan, Eugene Laska, Sheryl Baker, Morris Meisner, Pal Czobor, and Ilya Krivelevich. "History of violent behaviour and schizophrenia in different cultures." British Journal of Psychiatry 171, no. 1 (July 1997): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.171.1.9.
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BackgroundInformation on patterns and correlates of the violent behaviour of individuals with schizophrenia is largely limited to populations in developed countries. Data from a World Health Organization epidemiological study of schizophrenia and related disorders, the Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders (DOSMD), presented an opportunity to study patterns of violence across multinational settings.MethodCentres in 10 countries participated in the DOSMD study. An incidence sample of 1017 patients with schizophrenia who had their first-in-lifetime contact with a helping agency as a result of their psychotic symptoms was obtained. Data were available on their history of violent behaviour, substance use, and demographics.ResultsThe occurrence rate of assault in the entire cohort was 20.6 per hundred, but the rate was three times higher in the developing countries (31.5 per hundred) than in the developed countries (10.5 per hundred). History of assault was associated with positive symptoms, such as excitement and auditory hallucinations, and with serious alcohol problems.ConclusionsThe cultural context and the specific characteristics of the disease in individuals with schizophrenia may interactively affect rates of violent behaviour.
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Soyka, Michael. "Substance misuse, psychiatric disorder and violent and disturbed behaviour." British Journal of Psychiatry 176, no. 4 (April 2000): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.4.345.
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BackgroundEpidemiological studies suggest schizophrenia and substance misuse to be associated with a higher rate of violence and crime.AimsThe literature was evaluated to assess whether people with schizophrenia who use substances have an increased risk for violence and disturbed behaviour.MethodA detailed Medline analysis was performed and relevant studies were reviewed.ResultsA large number of studies have linked substance misuse in schizophrenia with male gender, high incidence of homelessness, more pronounced psychotic symptoms, non-adherence with medication, poor prognosis, violence and aggression. The latter has been proved by clinical, epidemiological and longitudinal prospective studies of unselected birth cohorts. The increased risk for aggression and violent acts cannot be interpreted only as a result of poor social integration. Male gender, more severe psychopathology, a primary antisocial personality, repeated intoxications and non-adherence with treatment are important confounding variables.ConclusionSubstance misuse has been shown consistently to be a significant risk factor for violence and disturbed behaviour. Future research should try to evaluate possible pharmacological and psychosocial treatment approaches.
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Arseneault, Louise, Mary Cannon, Robin Murray, Richie Poulton, Avshalom Caspi, and Terrie E. Moffitt. "Childhood origins of violent behaviour in adults with schizophreniform disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 183, no. 6 (December 2003): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/02-485.
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BackgroundPeople with psychosis have an elevated risk of violence.AimsTo examine whether violent behaviour in adults with psychosis can be accounted for by psychotic symptoms or physical aggression in childhood.MethodWe used data from a prospective longitudinal study of a complete birth cohort born in New Zealand. When cohort members were 26 years old, information was obtained on past-year psychiatric diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder and on violent behaviour. Childhood psychotic symptoms were measured at age 11 years using a diagnostic interview, and childhood physical aggression was assessed by teachers when cohort members were aged 7, 9 and 11 years.ResultsParticipants with schizophreniform disorder were more likely to be violent than participants without, even after controlling for sociodemographic variables and concurrent substance dependence disorders. Childhood psychotic symptoms were a strong risk factor for violence in adults with schizophreniform disorder, as was childhood physical aggression, allthough to a lesser extent.ConclusionsViolence by individuals with schizophreniform disorder could be prevented by monitoring early signs of psychotic symptoms and by controlling childhood physical aggression.