Academic literature on the topic 'Violences externes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Violences externes":
1
Cadoret, M. "Violences. Limites internes et externes." Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence 50, no. 6-7 (November 2002): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0222-9617(02)00135-6.
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ZOU AL GUINA, L., M. MOHAMED ALI, M. COUTELLIER, and C. COUSYN. "Violences sexuelles au cours des études de médecine." EXERCER 31, no. 160 (February 1, 2020): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.56746/exercer.2020.160.59.
Abstract:
Introduction. Les violences sexuelles au cours des études de médecine sont bien documentées dans la littérature internationale. Leur prévalence varie de 2 à 68 % selon les études, d’une part du fait de la grande hétérogénéité des protocoles, et d’autre part du fait de la capacité des étudiant·e·s à reconnaître ces violences. L’objectif principal était de mesurer la prévalence des violences sexuelles vécues par les externes, et de quantifier la capacité des étudiant·e·s à les identifier comme illégales. Les objectifs secondaires étaient de rechercher les facteurs associés au vécu de violences sexuelles et à leur identification. Méthodes. Une étude observationnelle quantitative par questionnaire a été réalisée auprès des externes d’Île-de-France inscrits en 2018 de la 3e à la 6e année des études de médecine. Résultats. 2 208 externes ont participé à l’étude : 29,8 % déclaraient avoir vécu au moins une situation de violence sexuelle. En fin de second cycle, la prévalence était la plus importante, 45,1 %, dont 61,9 % étaient des femmes. L’ensemble des situations a été correctement identifié par 21,1 % des étudiant·e·s. En moyenne, 78 % des étudiant·e·s ont reconnu les situations comme répréhensibles et 52 % les évaluaient illégales. Conclusion. L’étude met en évidence une forte prévalence des violences sexuelles, surtout chez les femmes, augmentant au cours des études. Malgré cette prévalence importante, le caractère illégal des violences n’est pas correctement identifié par les étudiant·e·s en médecine.
3
Gilbert, M., S. Demarchi, and I. Urdapilleta. "Risques de violences externes au travail et facteurs de protection." Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations 27, no. 3 (September 2021): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pto.2021.06.001.
4
Leduc, S., and G. Valléry. "Les violences externes au travail : facteurs générateurs, perceptions et réactions des agents." Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations 23, no. 4 (December 2017): 344–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pto.2017.07.004.
5
Beck, Charlotte, Julie Galmiche, Raphaëlle Grujard, Julia Plion, and Camille Turpault. "La prévention des violences externes par les psychologues du travail de l’entreprise Orange." Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement 85, no. 2-3 (May 2024): 102211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2024.102211.
6
Sisic, Mia. "Women's Resistance: Strength-Based Outcomes of Wartime Sexual Violence Against Women from Bosnia and Herzegovina." Canadian Ethnic Studies 55, no. 3 (2023): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ces.2023.a928883.
Abstract:
Abstract: Women's wartime sexual violence experiences have largely been constructed as negative, leaving little room for women's resistance and strength-based outcomes. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, this study examines women's resistance using semi-structured interviews with 13 ethnically diverse women victimized by sexual violence during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using partial results from the study highlighting strengths that are both external and internal to the women, I show that women resist traditional discourses of victimization and gender stereotypes as they speak about the strengths they have acquired and retained after they were sexually victimized. Résumé: Les expériences de violence sexuelle vécues par les femmes en temps de guerre ont été largement considérées comme négatives, ce qui laisse peu de place à la résistance des femmes et aux résultats fondés sur l'endurance. En utilisant l'analyse phénoménologique interprétative, cette étude examine la résistance des femmes à l'aide d'entretiens semi-structurés avec 13 femmes de diverses ethnies victimes de violences sexuelles pendant la guerre en Bosnie-Herzégovine. En se servant des résultats partiels de l'étude mettant en exergue les forces qui sont à la fois externes et internes aux femmes, je montre que les femmes résistent aux discours traditionnels de victimisation et aux stéréotypes de genre lorsqu'elles parlent des forces qu'elles ont acquises et conservées après avoir été victimes de violence sexuelle.
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Thevenin, Michaël. "Un terrifiant terroir. Nomadisme, patrimonialisation et violences foncières au Kurdistan irakien." Cahiers d'anthropologie sociale N° 21, no. 2 (September 21, 2023): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cas.021.0099.
Abstract:
Le district de Choman dans le Gouvernorat régional du Kurdistan irakien (GRK) concentre aujourd’hui plusieurs enjeux géopolitiques régionaux. Il a été au cours du xx e siècle, tout comme l’ensemble de l’Irak, le théâtre de politiques foncières coloniales et révolutionnaires déstructurantes pour le tissu social et les pratiques coutumières, mais aussi d’événements historiques héroïques et traumatiques marquants pour la population kurde, notamment des épisodes de rébellions nationales, d’exil et de destruction de masse. Il reste actuellement encore secoué par de nombreuses oppositions armées meurtrières, conséquences à la fois de l’insécurité foncière inhérente au contexte postcolonial et de postconflit, et des tensions géopolitiques internes et externes actuelles. Parallèlement, un mouvement de patrimonialisation s’y déploie avec son lot de luttes mémorielles et d’accaparement territorial dans l’optique de faire revivre le territoire vernaculaire de la région, le Balakayati. Pourtant, cette région qui présente tous les contours d’un terroir n’en est pas un pour un certain nombre de nomades qui fréquentent traditionnellement les estives de la région, puisqu’ils en sont exclus à plusieurs titres. Le district est donc la pierre angulaire pour analyser les rapports qu’entretiennent ces groupes d’éleveurs mobiles avec les processus à l’œuvre sur ce territoire. L’expression terrifiant terroir entend ainsi résumer particulièrement le lien étroit entre violence, territoire, communauté et patrimonialisation.
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Depallens, Raphaël. "Analyse de l’articulation du système de prévention des violences sexuelles sur mineurs dans le canton de Vaud - Suisse." Service social 63, no. 1 (June 6, 2017): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040032ar.
Abstract:
Ce travail vise à décrire la manière dont s’articule le programme de prévention des violences sexuelles du système scolaire vaudois à l’intention des enfants de 4 à 12 ans. L’intérêt de ce document repose sur la mise en relation d’aspects théoriques et de données empiriques permettant d’évaluer la réalité des pratiques en termes de détection précoce et d’intervention dans un contexte scolaire. Les données ont été récoltées par interviews semi-dirigées auprès d’un groupe de professionnelles de l’école (enseignantes, psychologue, infirmière scolaire...) de l’Unité de prévention et de promotion de la santé en milieu scolaire, ainsi qu’auprès de structures externes à l’État (association, experts, etc.). Il ressort de ce travail que le système de prévention actuellement en place est peu structuré et manque de moyens.
9
Le Pache, J., J. Alcouffe, H. Bouchet, C. Chaney, P. Manillier, and P. Y. Montéléon. "Violences externes et troubles musculosquelettiques chez des hôtes et hôtesses de caisse dans la distribution à prédominance alimentaire en Île-de-France." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 56, no. 5 (September 2008): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2008.06.237.
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Miranda, Maria Inês Ferreira, Rosilâine Keffer Delfino, Quéren Hapuque Carvalho, Caire Cilene Pereira Pinto, Mirlene Conceição Silva, Renata Bentes Restier, and Kleverson Luna. "Morbimortalidade por causas externas – acidentes e violência no município de Porto Velho, Rondônia." Enfermagem em Foco 1, no. 3 (February 1, 2011): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21675/2357-707x.2010.v1.n3.40.
Abstract:
As violências e os acidentes por causas externas representam modernas epidemias que assolam países do mundo inteiro, inclusive o Brasil. O trabalho objetivou analisar os casos de acidentes e violências atendidos na rede de assistência à saúde no município de Porto Velho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa retrospectiva documental, na qual foram avaliados os prontuários dos serviços da rede. A análise estatística foi realizada no programa Epi-info 3.5.1. Os resultados identificaram 1.515 casos de acidentes e violência. Desses, 1.200 (79,2%) são de acidentes e 315 (20,8%), de violência. A idade média da população foi de 27,71 anos. O estudo trouxe uma descrição do fenômeno e também revelou a fragilidade da vigilância em saúde.Descritores: Acidentes, Violência, Serviço de Saúde e Morbimortalidade.Morbidity and Mortality from external causes – accidents and violence in Porto Velho, RondôniaThe violence and accidents due to external causes represent modern epidemics affecting countries around the world, including Brazil. The study aimed to analyze the cases of accidents and violence identified in the public health care in the city of Porto Velho. That is a documentary quantitative and retrospective research, in which we evaluated the records of network services. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info 3.5.1. Results identified 1515 cases of accidents and violence. Of these 1200 (79.20%) are from accidents and 315 (20.8%), violence. The median age was 27.71 years. The study brought a description of the phenomenon and also revealed the fragility of Health Surveillance.Descriptors: Accidents, Violence, Department of Health and Morbidity.La morbilidad y la mortalidad por causas externas – accidentes y la violencia en Porto Velho, RondôniaLa violencia y los accidentes por causas externas representan las epidemias modernas que afectan a países de todo el mundo, incluyendo Brasil. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los casos de accidentes y la violencia identificadas en el cuidado de la salud pública en la ciudad de Porto Velho.Esta es una investigación documental retrospectiva cuantitativos, en los que se evaluaron los registros de los servicios de red. El análisis estadístico se realizó con Epi Info 3.5.1. Los resultados identificaron 1.515 casos de accidentes y la violencia. De ellos 1.200 (79.20%) son por accidentes y 315 (20,8%), la violencia. La edad media fue de 27,71 años. El estudio trajo una descripción del fenómeno y también reveló la fragilidad de Vigilancia de la Salud.Descriptores: Accidentes, Violencia, Departamento de Salud y la Morbilidad.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Violences externes":
1
Michaël, Gilbert. "Perception des indices non verbaux prémices d’une agression physique en situation de travail et facteurs de protection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080108.
Abstract:
Les violences en entreprise sont un problème de société en constante augmentation. Ce travail de thèse a étudié les stratégies d’adaptation et les traitements cognitifs chez les personnes exposées à un risque professionnel d’agressions physiques (violences externes). Six études expérimentales ont été réalisées. Ces travaux ont permis de montrer que la formation professionnelle à la gestion des conflits et la recherche de soutien social sont des facteurs de protection à un risque de violences externes en situation d'exercice professionnel (études 1 et 2). Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux interactions sociales et à la communication intra-individuelle par l’étude des expressions faciales présentes lors d'un épisode d'agression. Nos résultats indiquent que le niveau d'exposition à un risque de violences externes et le genre des participants n'exercent pas d'influence sur les capacités de reconnaissance des expressions faciales émotionnelles ou prémices d'une agression physique (étude 3). Il n'exerce pas non plus d'effet sur les capacités des personnes à reconnaître les expressions faciales émotionnelles (étude 4). Néanmoins, nous avons observé une diminution des niveaux de reconnaissance de ces expressions avec l'augmentation de l'âge. En ce qui concerne les processus attentionnels, il n'a pas été observé de différences entre les expressions émotionnelles et celles prémices d'une agression physique sur l'inhibition des interférences cognitives, en fonction du niveau d'exposition au risque de violences externes (étude 5) ou de l’allocation de l'attention visuelle (étude 6). L'utilité sociale de ces résultats est discutéeViolence in the workplace is a growing social problem. This thesis work studied adaptation strategies and cognitive treatments in people exposed to a professional risk of physical aggression (external violence). Six experimental studies were carried out. This work has shown that professional training in conflict management and the search for social support are protective factors against a risk of external violence in a professional situation (studies 1 and 2). Facial expressions present during an episode of aggression were studdied in social interactions and intra-individual communication. The results indicate that the level of exposure to a risk of external violence and the gender of the participants do not exert an influence on the capacities of recognition of emotional facial expressions or the first signs of a physical aggression (study 3). It also has no effect on people's ability to recognize emotional facial expressions (study 4). Nevertheless, a decrease in the recognition levels of these expressions was observed with increasing age. With regard to attentional processes, no differences were observed between emotional expressions and those first signs of a physical aggression on the inhibition of cognitive interference, depending on the level of exposure to the risk of external violence ( study 5) or the allocation of visual attention (study 6). The social utility of these results is discussed
2
Mascarenhas, Márcio Dênis Medeiros 1978. "Perfil epidemiológico e tendência da internação hospitalar por causas externas no Sistema Único de Saúde - Brasil, 2002-2011." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312919.
Abstract:
Orientador: Marilisa Berti de Azevedo BarrosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: As causas externas de morbidade e mortalidade se referem aos acidentes e violências que provocam algum tipo de lesão, seja física ou psíquica, e que podem ou não ter o óbito como desfecho. Trata-se de importante causa de óbito em muitos países, com grande impacto no perfil da morbidade hospitalar. Embora ainda subutilizados para fins de análises epidemiológicas, os dados provenientes do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS) podem ser uma importante fonte de informação para analisar o comportamento epidemiológico da internação hospitalar por causas externas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o padrão epidemiológico e a tendência das internações hospitalares por causas externas ocorridas no sistema público de saúde do Brasil, no período de 2002 a 2011. Estudo descritivo e ecológico com dados referentes às internações hospitalares por causas externas ocorridas no sistema público de saúde e registradas no SIH/SUS. Calculou-se o coeficiente de internação hospitalar por 100 mil habitantes, considerando o número de internações segundo local de residência no numerador e a população residente no denominador. Foram calculados os indicadores de permanência média e de letalidade hospitalar. Para estimar a tendência, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão linear simples, sendo o coeficiente de internação hospitalar a variável dependente (Y) e o tempo (ano-calendário), a variável independente (X). O coeficiente de internação hospitalar foi considerado crescente quando ? foi positivo, e decrescente quando ? foi negativo. A significância estatística do modelo de tendência foi atestada quando p<0,05. Das 973.015 internações hospitalares por causas externas ocorridas em 2011 no sistema público de saúde do Brasil, predominaram as internações por quedas (38,4%) e acidentes de transporte terrestre (15,8%). O risco de internação hospitalar por causas externas revelou-se crescente com a idade, mais elevado no sexo masculino e na região Centro-Oeste do país. A permanência média foi maior nas internações por agressões (6,0 dias) e acidentes de transporte terrestre (6,1 dias), enquanto a letalidade atingiu maiores valores nas internações por agressões (4,7%) e lesões autoprovocadas (4,0%). No período de 2002 a 2011, o coeficiente de internação hospitalar por causas externas apresentou tendência crescente com variação anual média de 11,6% (p=0,000). Verificou-se tendência crescente nas internações por quedas (2,7%; p=0,000) e acidentes de transporte terrestre (2,1%; p=0,014) e tendência decrescente nas internações por lesões autoprovocadas (-0,2%; p=0,000), enquanto as internações por agressões permaneceram estáveis. Este estudo contribui com o conhecimento do padrão da internação hospitalar por causas externas no Brasil, oferecendo uma compreensão mais abrangente sobre esses agravos, ao complementar as informações de mortalidade já amplamente divulgadas. Apesar de registrar informações sobre aproximadamente 70% a 80% das internações hospitalares e de necessitar de melhorias no que se refere à qualidade da informação fornecida, o SIH/SUS é uma ferramenta essencial para a definição de políticas e programas de prevenção e de assistência às causas externas no Brasil
Abstract: External causes of morbidity and mortality relate to accidents and violence that cause some kind of injury, whether physical or mental, and that may or may not have death as the outcome. It is an important cause of death in many countries, with a major impact on the morbidity profile. Although still underutilized for purposes of epidemiological analyzes, data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SIH/SUS) can be an important source of information to analyze the epidemiological behavior of hospitalizations due to external causes. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological pattern and trends in hospital admissions due to external causes occurring in the public health system in Brazil, in the period 2002-2011. This is a descriptive and ecological study using data on hospital admissions due to external causes occurred in the public health system and registered in SIH/SUS. We calculated the coefficient of hospitalization per 100 thousand inhabitants. Indicators of average stay and hospital mortality were calculated. To estimate the trend, the model of simple linear regression was used. The coefficient of hospitalization was the dependent variable (Y) and time (calendar year) was the independent variable (X). The coefficient of hospitalization was considered increased when ? was positive and decreasing when ? was negative. The statistical significance of the trend model was attested when p<0.05. Of the 973,015 hospital admissions due to external causes occurred in 2011 in the public health system in Brazil, admissions for falls (38.4%) and traffic accidents (15.8%) predominated. The risk of hospitalization due to external causes has proved with increasing age, higher in males and in the Midwest region of the country. The average stay was higher in admissions for assault (6.0 days), traffic accidents (6.1 days), whereas mortality rate reached higher values in hospitalizations for assaults (4.7%), and self-harm (4.0%). During the period 2002-2011, it was found that the coefficient of hospitalization due to external causes showed increasing trend with an average annual growth of 13.1 % (p=0.000) . There was increasing trend in admissions for falls (2.7%; p=0,000) and traffic accidents (2.1%, p=0.014) and declining in hospitalizations for self-harm (-0.2%, p=0.000), while hospitalizations for assaults remained stable. This study contributes to the knowledge of the pattern of hospitalizations due to external causes in Brazil, offering a more comprehensive understanding of this important public health issue. Despite recording information on approximately 70%-80% of hospitalizations and need for improvement as regards the quality of information provided, the SIH/SUS is an essential tool for action assistance planning and prevention of external causes in Brazil
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
3
Trajano, Adriano Dias 1974. "Análise dos óbitos por trauma em um hospital universitário brasileiro." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309554.
Abstract:
Orientador: Gustavo Pereira FragaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: O trauma é a principal causa de óbito e incapacidade entre as idades de 1 e 44 anos no Brasil. Revisões da mortalidade têm capturado cada vez mais um retrato detalhado da incidência do trauma, o papel do cuidado préhospitalar e a necessidade de uma política de prevenção. A avaliação do período de tempo e o local das mortes traumáticas podem melhorar a estimativa de um sistema de trauma e identificar as áreas que podem ser beneficiadas com mais recursos e pesquisa. Objetivo: Analisar a epidemiologia dos óbitos por trauma no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) se houve mudança no perfil dos óbitos e mostrar um panorama do atendimento hospitalar através dos anos. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de séries temporais utilizando banco de dados registrados em protocolo da Disciplina de Cirurgia do Trauma da Unicamp. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os óbitos intra-hospitalares por causas externas durante os anos de 1995, 2000, 2005 e 2010. Para comparar as variáveis categóricas foram utilizados os testes Qui-Quadrado ou exato de Fisher. Para comparar as variáveis numéricas foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney. Para estudar a tendência de óbitos, tipos de trauma e mecanismos de trauma entre os anos foi usado o teste de tendência de Cochran-Armitage. O nível de significância adotado para os testes estatísticos foi de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados: Dos 549 óbitos, foram selecionados 467 casos (85% do total), sendo 325 pacientes (69,6%) admitidos com sinais de vida e 142 (30,4%) considerados mortos ao chegar. A média etária foi de 35,3 ± 18,0 anos, com predomínio da faixa etária de 25 a 39 anos (23,6%). O gênero masculino foi maioria com 85,4%. O traumatismo fechado aconteceu em 73,0% dos casos e trauma penetrante em 27,0%. No decorrer dos anos, houve um aumento significativo (p < 0,001) de óbitos por acidentes motociclísticos, que saiu de 7,3% em 1995 para 31,5% em 2010. Em contrapartida, houve um decréscimo significativo (p = 0,030) de vítimas de ferimento por arma de fogo, 21,0% em 1995 para 9,6% em 2010. Cerca de 60% dos óbitos aconteceu com menos de 24 horas da admissão. A principal causa de óbito continua sendo as lesões do sistema nervoso central (56,3% do total), seguida do choque hemorrágico (18,1%) e sepse/falência de múltiplos órgãos e sistemas (17,1%). O ISS médio dos pacientes com sinais de vida foi de 26,41 ± 9,00, sendo 71,3% com ISS > 25. O segmento corpóreo, com AIS ? 4, mais acometido foi à cabeça (68,3%), seguido do tórax (13,5%) e abdome (12%). O RTS médio foi de 5,24 ± 2,05. Apenas 25,8% dos óbitos tinha TRISS < 0,50. Conclusão: Durante os últimos 15 anos houve uma mudança dos óbitos por trauma em nosso hospital, com uma grande diminuição dos ferimentos penetrantes e uma maior incidência de mortes em ocupante de motocicleta. A curva trimodal das mortes, com o terceiro pico de mortalidade tardia, ainda é notada na presente casuística
Abstract: Introduction: Trauma is the leading cause of death and disability between the ages of 1 and 44 years in Brazil. Mortality reviews have captured an increasingly detailed picture of the impact of trauma, the role of pre-hospital care and the need for a prevention policy. The evaluation of the time period and location of traumatic deaths can improve the estimative of a trauma system and identify areas that may benefit from more resources and research. Objective: To analyze the epidemiology of trauma deaths at the Clinic Hospital of the University of Campinas (Unicamp); determine if there was a change in the profile of deaths and show an overview of patients care through the years. Methods: Retrospective study using time series database registered in the Unicamp Trauma Surgery protocol. The research subjects were in-hospital deaths due to external causes during the years 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010. To compare categorical variables, we used chi-square or Fisher exact test. To compare the numerical variables we used the Mann-Whitney test. To study the trend of deaths, types of trauma and trauma mechanisms between years was used to test Cochran- Armitage trend. The significance level for statistical tests was 5% (p <0.05). Results: Of the 549 deaths, 467 cases were selected (85% of total), 325 patients (69.6%) admitted with signs of life and 142 (30.4%) considered dead on arrival. The mean age was 35.35 ± 18.03 years, predominantly aged 25 to 39 years (23.6%). The majority were males with 85.4%. The blunt trauma occurred in 73.0% of cases and 27.0% for penetrating trauma. Over the years, there was a significant increase (p <0.001) in deaths from motorcycle accidents, which increased from 7.3% in 1995 to 31.5% in 2010. In contrast, there was a significant decrease (p = 0.030) for victims of injury by firearms, 21.0% in 1995 to 9.6% in 2010. About 60% of deaths occurred less than 24 hours of admission. The main cause of death remains the central nervous system lesions (56.3% of total), followed by hemorrhagic shock (18.1%) and sepsis / multiple organ failure and systems (17.1%). The mean ISS of patients with signs of life was 26.41 ± 9.00, and 71.3% with ISS > 25. The body segment, with AIS ? 4, the most frequently affected was the head (68.3%), followed by the chest (13.5%) and abdominal (12%). The RTS average was 5.24 ± 2.05. Only 25.8% of deaths had TRISS <0.50. Conclusion: During the past 15 years there has been a shift in traumatic deaths in our hospital, with a large decrease in penetrating injuries and a higher incidence of deaths in motorcyclist occupant. The trimodal curve of deaths, with the third peak of late mortality, is still noted in the present study
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Mestre em Ciências
4
Melo, Cristiane Magalhães de. "Avaliação da qualidade da informação sobre óbitos por causas externas em Viçosa, MG." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2011. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5094.
Abstract:
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Previous issue date: 2011-10-27The study aimed to analyze the quality of information on deaths from external causes in Viçosa-MG in the period 2000 to 2009 and understand the meanings and senses of the death certificate (DO) by doctors responsible for its completion. The research methodology consisted of two components: quantitative and qualitative. At first, the sources of data included the DO of external causes (Chapter XX of ICD 10th) Information System (SIM), the Department of Health of Viçosa and the books of records of police department's Civil investigation of the same county. In the qualitative study, they were conducted semi-structured interviews with doctors / the assistants, medical examiners and emergency service units serving the municipality. According to information from the SIM, external causes were the 4th leading cause of death in Viçosa, in that period. The victims, mostly men (79%), young people between 20 and 29 years (26%), unmarried (38%), black or brown (47%), residing in Viçosa, especially in populated and vulnerable areas. The proportion of deaths of undetermined intent was high, as well as uncompleted or ignored informations showing problems in the quality of data from SIM. The comparison between the data obtained in the SIM and the Civil Police records revealed the occurrence of a significant number of deaths recorded only in the Civil Police, pointing to the fragility of the SIM to capture all deaths, resulting in major problems in building statistics officers on deaths from accidents and violence in the city. The qualitative research indicated that different meanings are attributed to DO according to the function the document performs between whom it meets and whom it is addressed, leading to confusion in the interpretation of the laws, resolutions and ordinances dealing with medical responsibilities in filling of victims of external causes. The interviews also revealed greater importance given to information on the cause of death rather than the other information contained in DCs, including those related to the 'probable circumstances of unnatural death . The understanding that it is up to / the doctor / on reporting the nature of the injury, considering only its biological component may explain the high percentage of deaths from external causes of undetermined intent, and also fields unfilled or skipped the DO. The bureaucratic and fragmented view of the DO and the idea of hegemonic medical technicalities that guides the perception of the medical profession about the disease, focusing essentially biological dimension have negative consequences on the production of data and information on mortality from external causes, compromising the reliability of statistics and weakening the possibilities for construction of public policies for prevention and control appropriate to the characteristics of this event in the population.
O estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade da informação sobre óbitos por causas externas ocorridos em Viçosa-MG, no período de 2000 a 2009 e compreender os significados e sentidos da declaração de óbito (DO) para os/as médicos/as responsáveis por seu preenchimento. A pesquisa compreendeu dois componentes metodológicos: quantitativo e qualitativo. No primeiro, as fontes de dados compreenderam as DO de causas externas (capítulo XX da CID 10ª) do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM), da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Viçosa e os livros de registros de inquérito da delegacia de Polícia Civil do mesmo município. No estudo qualitativo, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com médicos/as assistentes, legistas e de unidades de urgência e emergência que atendem ao município. De acordo com informações do SIM, as causas externas foram a 4ª principal causa de óbito em Viçosa, no período analisado. As vítimas, em sua maioria, eram homens (79%), jovens entre 20 e 29 anos (26%), solteiros (38%), de cor preta ou parda (47%), residente em Viçosa, principalmente em regiões populosas e vulneráveis. A proporção de óbitos com intenção indeterminada foi elevada, assim como de campos não preenchidos ou ignorados, demonstrando problemas na qualidade dos dados do SIM. A comparação entre os dados do SIM e os obtidos nos registros da Polícia Civil revelou a ocorrência de número significativo de óbitos registrados apenas na Polícia Civil, apontando a fragilidade do SIM em captar o total de óbitos ocorridos, implicando em problemas importantes na construção de estatísticas oficiais sobre óbitos por acidentes e violências no município. A pesquisa qualitativa indicou que diferentes sentidos são atribuídos à DO de acordo com a função que o documento desempenha, quem o preenche e a quem ele é dirigido, implicando em equívocos na interpretação das leis, resoluções e portarias que tratam das responsabilidades médicas no preenchimento das DO de vítimas de causas externas. As entrevistas revelaram, ainda, maior importância atribuída à informação sobre a causa do óbito em detrimento das demais informações contidas na DO, inclusive aquelas relativas ao campo prováveis circunstâncias de morte não natural . A compreensão de que cabe ao/à médico/a informar sobre a natureza da lesão, considerando apenas seu componente biológico, pode explicar o alto percentual de óbitos por causas externas com intenção indeterminada e, ambém, de campos não preenchidos ou ignorados da DO. A visão fragmentada e burocratizada da DO e a idéia hegemônica da medicina tecnicista que orienta a percepção do profissional médico sobre a doença, privilegiando essencialmente sua dimensão biológica, têm consequências negativas sobre a produção de dados e informação sobre mortalidade por causas externas, comprometendo a confiabilidade das estatísticas e enfraquecendo as possibilidades de construção de políticas públicas de prevenção e controle adequadas às características desse evento na população.
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Tuya-Figueroa, Ximena, Holguín Edward Mezones, Eduardo Monge, Ricardo Arones, Milagros Mier, Mercedes Saravia, José Torres, and Percy Mayta-Tristan. "Violencia laboral externa tipo amenaza contra médicos en servicios hospitalarios de Lima Metropolitana, Perú 2014." Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/620970.
Abstract:
Objetivos. Estimar la frecuencia y los factores asociados a la violencia laboral externa tipo amenaza (VLETA) contra médicos en servicios de salud hospitalarios de Lima Metropolitana, Perú. Materiales y Métodos. Se desarrolló un estudio transversal analítico que incluyó médicos del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA), la Seguridad Social (EsSalud) y el subsector privado. Se midió la frecuencia de VLETA durante toda la práctica profesional, en los últimos doce meses y en el último mes. Se midieron variables relacionadas al médico, al agresor y al servicio de salud. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RPs) cruda y ajustada mediante un modelo lineal generalizado familia Poisson con bootstrap no paramétrico. Resultados. Participaron 406 médicos. El 31,5% fueron víctimas de VLETA al menos una vez durante su práctica profesional; 19,9% en los últimos doces meses y 7,6% en el último mes. La probabilidad de ser amenazado en los últimos doce meses aumentó si el médico era varón (RPa:1,7;IC95%:1,1-2,8), egresado de una universidad peruana fuera de Lima Metropolitana (RPa:1,5; IC95%:1,1-2,4), laboraba en MINSA (RPa:7,9;IC95%:2,24-50,73) o en EsSalud (RPa:8,68; IC95%:2,26-56,17), y atendía en emergencia (RPa:1,9;IC95%:1,2-3,6) o en sala de operaciones (RPa:1,6 IC95%:1,1-2,3). La edad, los años de práctica profesional o ser médico residente no se asociaron a VLETA. Conclusiones. En los hospitales estudiados, una alta proporción de médicos ha sido víctima de VLETA. Laborar en servicios públicos aumenta dicha probabilidad. Se sugiere implementar estrategias de prevención primaria, identificación y soporte en los establecimientos hospitalarios.Objectives. To calculate the frequency and factors associated with external workplace violence (EWV) against doctors in health inpatient services in the metropolitan area of Lima (Spanish: Lima Metropolitana), Peru. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional analytic study, which included doctors from the Ministry of Health (MINSA), Social Security (EsSalud), and the private subsector, was carried out. The frequency of EWV was measured throughout the entire professional practice during the previous 12 months and during the last month. Variables related to the doctor, assailant, and health service were measured. Raw and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated by means of a Poisson-family generalized linear model with non-parametric bootstrapping. Results. A total of 406 doctors participated; 31.5% were victims of EWV at least once during their professional practice, with 19.9% over the past 12 months and 7.6% during the last month. The chances of being threatened in the last 12 months increased if the doctor was male (adjusted PR [aPR]: 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1- 2.8), had graduated from a Peruvian university outside of the metropolitan area of Lima (aPR: 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-2.4), worked at MINSA (aPR: 7.9; 95% CI = 2.24-50.73) or EsSalud (RR: 8.68; 95% CI = 2.26-56.17), and worked in the emergency (aPR: 1.9; 95% CI = 1.2-3.6) or operating room (aPR: 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1-2.3). Age, years of professional practice, or being a medical resident were not associated with EWV. Conclusion. In the hospitals studied, a large number of doctors have been victims of EWV. Working in public services increases the possibility of violence. Implementation of support, identification, and primary prevention strategies in hospitals is recommended.
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Vaez, Andréia Centenaro. "Violência e acidentes : caracterização das vítimas atendidas em Sergipe." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2011. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3800.
Abstract:
Trauma caused by accidents and violence is a serious public health problem in Brazil, not only by its magnitude but also because victims are young people in working age. This study had proposed to characterize victims of accidents and violence assisted in an emergency unit in the State of Sergipe. This is a descriptive, prospective cross-sectional based on quantitative approach research. The study was conducted in a public hospital from Aracaju city, which is a reference center in assisting trauma victims in the State of Sergipe. Study sample was purposive, consisting of 504 victims of accidents or violence in the State of Sergipe, assisted trough November, 2010, aging 12 or higher that. Results showed that the trauma victims had an average age of 31.28 years old, most of them were male, single, coming the area called "Grande Aracaju", having an average schooling of 6.64 years and they were involved in wage-earning activity. The man trauma mechanism was traffic accident, with alcohol abuse and illicit drugs reports, lacerations blunts on the upper and lower limbs, followed by lesions in the region of face, head and neck. The initial evaluation at hospital evidenced that for most victims trauma was considered mild, scoring from 13 to 15 in Glasgow Coma Scale, Revised Trauma Score, and unaltered cardiac and respiratory rates was inalterad, with mild intensity pain reports. Immobilization and peripheral venous access were the most frequent basic and advanced support procedures performed in pre-hospital care. Bandages and medication were prevalent within the emergency room. Regarding assistance, the assistance's outcome was the discharge from the emergency room. There had been statistically significant association between traffic accidents and violence regarding schooling, income, occupation and provenance. There was also association of falls to age, schooling, income, gender, marital status and disability reports. Regarding associations between risk factors (reports of drinking of alcoholic beverages, drug consumption, non-use of personal protective equipment and physical, visual, auditory or mental disabilities) and accidents and violence there was also significanceNo Brasil, o trauma por acidentes e violência constitui um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil, não só pela sua magnitude como também por atingir vítimas jovens em idade produtiva. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar as vítimas de acidentes e violências atendidas em um serviço de urgência em Sergipe. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, prospectiva de corte transversal e com abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizada em um hospital público do município de Aracaju, referência no atendimento às vítimas de trauma do Estado de Sergipe. A amostra foi intencional, composta por 504 pessoas atendidas em novembro de 2010, com idade igual ou superior a 12 anos, vítimas de acidentes ou violência do estado de Sergipe. Os resultados evidenciaram que as vítimas de trauma tinham idade média de 31,28 anos, a maioria era do gênero masculino, solteiro, procedente da Grande Aracaju, com escolaridade média de 6,64 anos e atividade remunerada. O mecanismo do trauma foi o acidente de transporte, com relato de abuso alcoólico e drogas ilícitas; com ferimento corto contuso, nos membros superiores e inferiores, seguidos de lesões na região da face, cabeça e pescoço. A avaliação inicial na unidade hospitalar evidenciou que a maioria das vítimas sofreu trauma leve, com escore da Escala de Coma de Glasgow entre 13 a 15; Revised Trauma Score, com frequência cardíaca e respiratória inalteradas; e relato de dor com intensidade leve e moderada. As imobilizações e o acesso venoso periférico foram os procedimentos de suporte básico e avançado mais frequentes, realizados no atendimento pré-hospitalar. As imobilizações e as medicações ocorreram em sua maioria no setor de urgência. No segmento de atendimento, o desfecho foi a alta no setor de urgência. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre acidentes de transporte e violência, com a idade, escolaridade, renda, ocupação e procedência. As quedas tiveram associação com idade, escolaridade, renda, gênero, estado civil e relato de deficiência. Na associação entre os fatores de risco (relato de abuso da bebida alcoólica, consumo de drogas, não utilização do equipamento de proteção individual e a deficiência física, visual, auditiva ou mental) e os acidentes e violências também houve significância.
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Ferreira, Diego Lelis. "Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos dos pacientes com fraturas por causas externas atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia em 2003." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2006. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12793.
Abstract:
Introduction: between physical wounds caused by accidents and violence, the fractures take an evident place as they are common injuries, requiring long rehabilitation time for the victims to return to their daily activities and demanding an specialized hospital attend. Aim: to know epidemiological and clinical features of patients with fractures motivated by external causes in Uberlândia, MG. Material and method: it was done by collecting data from medical records from 1600 patients having fractures by external causes (accidents and violence), attended at Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia from January to December of 2003. Results: major of victims (1146; 71.6%) was attended at 09:00 a.m. to 09:00 p.m. period with quite homogeneity in the distribution of days of the week and months of the year, predominating the male ones (1090; 68.1%); 781 (48.8%) patients were at the range of 20 to 49 years old. From the whole, 1475 (92.2%) patients were victims of accidents, being falls (721; 48.9%) the most common, mainly the same level (484; 67.1%), and traffic accidents (553; 37.5%), mainly by motorcycle (279; 50.5%). On violence cases (125; 7.8%), predominated aggressions (113; 90.4%), mainly that using body strength (41; 36.3%). From the total of 2.063 episodes of bones/bones groups fractures, the most attained anatomical structures on accident cases (1910; 92.6%) were upper (841; 44.0%) and lower (686; 35.9%) limbs mainly with radius (309; 16.2%), femur (204; 10.7%) and tibia (177; 9.3%) fractures; on violence cases (153; 7.4%) were upper limbs (59; 38.6%) and cranium (58; 37.9%) mainly involving mandible (20; 13.1%), metacarpi(us) (18; 11.8%), nasal and ulna (14; 9.2% each). On majority of the 1600 cases (1166; 72.9%), only one bone was fractured. It was necessary 845 (52.8%) hospitalizations from which 610 (72.2%) patients stayed at the hospital until seven days. Among the 82 complication episodes directly related to fractures, verified in 79 (4.9%) patients, the most common were that related to synthesis material (40; 48.8%); 23 (1.4%) sequel cases occurred, with 14 (60.9%) amputations, and 35 (2.2%) obits, 26 (74.3%) of them occurred after 24 hours from injury, specially caused by falls (15; 57.7%). Conclusions: the people most attained by accidents and violence have between 20 and 39 years old and are male. They receive care most frequently from 09:00 a.m. to 03:00 p.m. of all days of the week and all months of the year. The accidents that most causes fractures are falls, especially that from the same level, and traffic accidents, mainly by motorcycle; between violence, the most
common is aggression using body strength. Majority of cases, only one bone is fractured; between the accidents victims, the fractures occur mainly in upper and lower limbs involving especially radius and femur; among the violence victims, they occur in upper limbs and cranium, especially in mandible and metacarpi(us). Major of patients needs hospitalization and to stay at the hospital during a period of until a week. The complications are generally post-operative ones and related to synthesis materials. The most common sequels are amputations. The lethality is higher between fall victims.Introdução: dentre as lesões físicas causadas pelos acidentes e violências, as fraturas ocupam lugar de destaque por serem lesões comuns que requerem longos períodos de reabilitação para que as vítimas retornem às suas atividade habituais exigindo um atendimento hospitalar especializado. Objetivo: conhecer aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos de pacientes com fraturas motivadas por causas externas em Uberlândia, MG. Material e método: foi realizado um estudo de série de casos com coleta de dados dos prontuários médicos de 1600 pacientes com fraturas por causas externas (acidentes e violências), atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia de janeiro a dezembro de 2003. Resultados: a maioria das vítimas (1146; 71,6%) foi atendida no período das 09:00 às 21:00 horas com certa homogeneidade na distribuição quanto aos dias da semana e meses do ano, e predominaram as do sexo masculino (1090; 68,1%); 781 (48,8%) pacientes eram da faixa etária de 20 a 49 anos. Do total, 1475 (92,2%) pacientes foram vítimas de acidentes sendo mais comuns as quedas (721; 48,9%), especialmente as de mesmo nível (484; 67,1%), e os acidentes de trânsito (553; 37,5%), principalmente com motocicleta (279; 50,5%). Nos casos de violências (125; 7,8%), predominaram as agressões (113; 90,4%) principalmente utilizando força corporal (41; 36,3%). Do total de 2063 episódios de fraturas de ossos ou grupos de ossos, as estruturas anatômicas mais acometidas nos casos de acidentes (1910; 92,6%) foram os membros superiores (841; 44,0%) e os inferiores (686; 35,9%) com fraturas especialmente de rádio (309; 16,2%), fêmur (204; 10,7%) e tíbia (177; 9,3%); nos casos de violências (153; 7,4%) foram os membros superiores (59; 38,6%) e o crânio (58; 37,9%) envolvendo principalmente a mandíbula (20; 13,1%), o(s) metacarpo(s) (18; 11,8%), o nasal e a ulna (14; 9,2% cada um). Na maioria dos 1600 casos (1166; 72,9%), apenas um osso foi fraturado. Foram necessárias 845 (52,8%) internações sendo que 610 (72,2%) pacientes permaneceram no hospital por até sete dias. Dentre os 82 episódios de complicações diretamente relacionadas com as fraturas verificados em 79 (4,9%) pacientes, as mais comuns foram aquelas ligadas ao material de síntese (40; 48,8%); ocorreram 23 (1,4%) casos de seqüelas, sendo 14 (60,9%) amputações, e 35 (2,2%) de óbitos, 26 (74,3%) deles ocorreram após 24 horas do agravo, especialmente decorrentes de quedas (15; 57,7%). Conclusões: as pessoas mais acometidas por acidentes e violências têm entre 20 e 39 anos e são do sexo masculino. São atendidas mais frequentemente das 09:00 às 15:00 horas em todos os dias da semana e em todos os meses do ano. Os acidentes que mais provocam fraturas são as quedas, especialmente as do mesmo nível, e os acidentes de trânsito, principalmente com utilização de motocicleta; dentre as violências, a mais comum é a agressão em que se utiliza força corporal. Na maioria dos casos, apenas um osso é fraturado; entre as vítimas de acidentes, as fraturas ocorrem principalmente em membros superiores e inferiores envolvendo, especialmente, rádio e fêmur; entre as de violências, ocorrem em membros superiores e crânio, especialmente em mandíbula e metacarpo(s). A maioria dos pacientes necessita de internação e de ficar no hospital por um período de até uma semana. As complicações geralmente são pós-operatórias e associadas com o material de síntese. As seqüelas mais comuns são as amputações. A letalidade é maior entre as vítimas de queda.
Mestre em Ciências da Saúde
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Messias, Kelly Leite Maia de. "AvaliaÃÃo da qualidade das informaÃÃes sobre Ãbitos por causas externas no municÃpio de Fortaleza-CE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12128.
Abstract:
nÃo hÃO Sistema de InformaÃÃo sobre Mortalidade se apropria de informaÃÃes para avaliar o estado de saÃde das coletividades humanas e orientar medidas de saÃde equÃnimes. Para tanto, este Sistema, nÃo distante dos demais, deve dispor de informaÃÃes de qualidade, que podem ser avaliadas a partir de dois parÃmetros: a validade e a confiabilidade de seu indicador de saÃde. VÃrios estudos foram realizados no Brasil nos Ãltimos 20 anos demonstrando fragilidades nos processos avaliativos deste Sistema. O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal avaliar a qualidade do registro de informaÃÃo sobre mortalidade para as vÃtimas de causas externas do ano de 2010 no municÃpio de Fortaleza-CearÃ. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, no qual foram selecionadas todas as DeclaraÃÃes de Ãbito advindas da PerÃcia Forense do Cearà cujas causas bÃsicas foram identificadas no capÃtulo XX, da ClassificaÃÃo Internacional de DoenÃas (CID-10), 2010, de residentes de Fortaleza. Foram comparados o quantitativo de Ãbitos registrado no Sistema de Mortalidade oficial e o quantitativo de Ãbitos identificados na PerÃcia Forense do CearÃ. TambÃm foram comparadas as codificaÃÃes de causas bÃsicas do Ãbito; os fatores de risco ligados à principal causa de morte (AgressÃes) e foi analisada a qualidade dos registros de todos os campos juntamente à AnÃlise Espacial de local de ocorrÃncia dos Ãbitos por AgressÃes. Os dados foram tabulados no programa EpiInfo for Windows, versÃo 3.5.4 e analisados no STATA 12. Foi utilizado o Kappa como medida de concordÃncia. Os Resultados indicaram subnotificaÃÃo de 67 Ãbitos, gerando amostra final 2.109 Ãbitos; a concordÃncia entre as codificaÃÃes pesquisa-oficial apresentou Kappa de 0.069; foi considerado, no modelo final de regressÃo logÃstica, como risco Ãs AgressÃes pertencer Ãs categorias: adolescente (OR ajustada: 18,44; I.C.95% entre 9,57- 35,54); masculino (OR ajustada: 2,83; I.C.95% entre 1,92- 4,19); nÃo ter vÃnculo conjugal (OR ajustada: 1,58; I.C.95% entre 1,14- 2,18) e bairro de ocorrÃncia de renda menor (OR ajustada: 5,13; I.C.95% entre 2,13- 12,36); a maioria das variÃveis apresentou completitude baixa e o indicador Kernel indicou âÃreas quentesâ na distribuiÃÃo dos bairros de ocorrÃncias de AgressÃes em Fortaleza-CE.
The Health Information System on Mortality appropriates information to assess the health status of human populations and direct measures for equitable health care. Therefore, this system, not far from the others, must have quality information, which can be evaluated by two parameters: the validity and reliability of its health indicators. Several studies were conducted in Brazil over the last 20 years demonstrating weaknesses in the evaluation processes of this system. The present study aims to evaluate the quality of the record of mortality information for victims of external causes in 2010 in Fortaleza, CearÃ. This is a cross-sectional study, which included all death certificates, from residents of Fortaleza, reported by the stateâs Medical Examiner office where the underlying causes were identified in Chapter XX, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD- 10). The number of deaths recorded in the state Mortality Database and the amount of deaths identified in medical examinerâs office records were compared. We also compared encodings for basic causes of death; the risk factors linked to the leading cause of death (aggression), and we analyzed the quality of the records and performed a Spatial Analysis of deaths from aggression/assault. Data were tabulated in EpiInfo for Windows, version 3.5.4 and analyzed in STATA 12. Kappa was used as a measure of agreement. Results indicated underreporting of 67 deaths, with 2,109 deaths resulting final sample. The correlation between the medical examiner and the population registry had a kappa of 0.069. The following risk factor were identified in a logistic regression for death by aggression/assault: being a teenager (adjusted OR: 18.44, 95% CI from 9.57 to 35.54 ), being male ( adjusted OR : 2.83 , CI 95 % from 1.92 to 4.19 ), not having marital bond ( adjusted OR : 1.58 , 95% CI from 1.14 to 2.18 ) and occurrence of low- income neighborhood ( adjusted OR : 5.13 95% CI from 2.13 to 12.36 ); most variables showed low completeness and the indicator Kernel identified "hot areas" in the distribution of the occurrences of assaults among neighborhoods in Fortaleza.
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Remili, Donia. "Violences et souffrances en milieu hospitalier : le cas des infirmiers du gouvernorat de Tunis." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1229/document.
Abstract:
Des études récentes confirment que la violence au travail dans le secteur de la santé est universelle, malgré certaines différences locales, et qu’elle impacte aussi bien les hommes que les femmes, (Di Martino, 2002). Cette recherche, s’attache à décrire les perceptions de la violence et de la souffrance chez ces professionnels de santé, à travers l’évaluation de la perception des risques psychosociaux, par les infirmiers et ce, dans les services des urgences, et d’hospitalisation à Tunis.Il s’agit de souffrances délétères multiples, qui se teintent du stress, et du burn out, s’alimentent de l’anxiété, s’amplifient par un système organisationnel défaillant et une qualité relationnelle inconsistante Il s’agit d’une étude, descriptive, transversale, prospective, portant sur une population d’infirmiers, exerçant dans trois hôpitaux répartis sur des services d’urgence et des services d’hospitalisation. L’étude est divisée, en parties ; exploratoire, quantitative et qualitative. Le cadre de référence général, étant l’approche systémique, notamment par Brondenfenbrenner (1979), ainsi que ; dans le domaine de l’organisation, par Mintzberg et en communication par l’école Palo Alto…, associée, essentiellement, à L’approche transactionnelle, sur le stress et le coping ; ainsi que l’approche humaniste en sciences infirmières (en matière de la relation soignant-soigné)Recent studies, confirm that workplace violence in the health sector is universal, despite some local differences. It affects both men and women. (Di Martino, 2002). This research attempts to describe the perceptions of violence and suffering within these health professionals through the evaluation of perception of psychosocial risks by nurses in the emergency and hospitalization departments in the governorate of Tunis. It is about multiple deleterious sufferings, which are tinged with stress, and burn out. Fed with anxiety, and amplified by a faulty organizational system, and an inconsistent relational quality. It is a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study of a nursing population working in three hospitals distributed over emergency and hospitalization departments. The study isdivided into exploratory, quantitative and qualitative parts. The general frame of reference, being the systemic approach, notably by Brondenfenbrenner (1979), as well as; in the field of organization, by Mintzberg, and in communication, by the school Palo Alto ..., associated essentially with the transactional approach, on stress and coping as well as the humanistic approach to nursing (Healer-healed relationship)
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Methi, Lina Mmakgabo. "Exploring how a school community copes with violence." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26122.
Abstract:
My study is informed by a partnership initiated between Gun Free South Africa and the Department of Education (District Tshwane South) with the concern of addressing violence in schools. Schools are often seen as professionalised and distant from their local communities. Learners belong to the very communities that are distanced from the school. They bring to school the unresolved issues from their families and interpersonal relations within the community. The study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of violence by a school community and how they cope with it. The study was informed by a qualitative and instrumental case study design within an interpretivist paradigm. Furthermore, the study was guided by an integrated conceptual framework derived from an asset-based and ecosystemic model, coping theories and the management system adapted from Babbie (2001). To address this I incorporated a variety of strategies such as interviews, collages, timeline and concept mapping through which a crystallisation of data could be obtained. I also used informal observations and visual data as additional data generating methods. Through a thematic analysis approach the study reveal the existence of violence as a challenge to the school community, and impacts directly or indirectly to their well-being. The study has further indicated that the perpetrators are known to the victims. The findings of the study suggest that on the basis of the integrated conceptual framework support structures could be mobilized, building partnerships between local schools and the community to provide a firm foundation for educational renewal and community regeneration and to contribute directly to the strengthening and development of the school community. The information gathered might also assist policy developers in developing support and intervention programmes for the restoration of school safety. CopyrightDissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Educational Psychology
MEd
unrestricted
Books on the topic "Violences externes":
1
Sabine, Kurtenbach, ed. Kolumbien zwischen Gewalteskalation und Friedenssuche: Möglichikeiten und Grenzen der einflussnahme externer Akteure. Frankfurt: Vervuert, 2001.
2
Brasil. Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Secretaria de Planejamento Diplomático. Cronologia da política externa do Governo Lula (2003-2006). Brasília, DF: FUNAG - Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão, 2007.
3
Matesan, Ioana Emy. The Violence Pendulum. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510087.001.0001.
Abstract:
What drives Islamist groups to shift between nonviolent and violent tactics? When do groups move away from armed action, and why do some organizations renounce violence permanently, while others only place it on hold temporarily? The Violence Pendulum answers these questions and offers a theory of tactical change that explains both escalation and de-escalation. The analysis traces the historical evolution of four key Islamist groups: the Muslim Brotherhood and al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya in Egypt, and Darul Islam and Jemaah Islamiyah in Indonesia. Drawing on a wide variety of archival materials, interviews, and reports, each chapter narrows in on critical turning points in each organization, and shows the factors that best explain whether the group legitimizes and resorts to violence and develops an armed wing. The book’s main contention is that Islamist groups alter their tactics in response to changes in the perceived need for activism, shifts in the cost of violent versus nonviolent resistance, and internal or external pressures on the organization. However, escalation and de-escalation are not simply mirror images of each other. Groups turn toward violence when their grievances escalate, when violent resistance is feasible and publicly tolerated, and when there are internal or external pressures to act. Organizations may renounce armed action when violence becomes too costly for the group, disillusionment eclipses the perceived need for continued activism, and leaders are willing to rethink the group’s the tactics and strategies.
4
Lawrence, Bruce B. Muslim Engagement with Injustice and Violence. Edited by Michael Jerryson, Mark Juergensmeyer, and Margo Kitts. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199759996.013.0006.
Abstract:
This chapter explores the role of violence in Islam, specifically contrasting Islam in 611 with the Islam associated with terrorism on 9/11. When several tribes attempted to draw from the treaty that bound them to Muhammad, Abu Bakr opposed them in what became known as the Ridda wars. The Ottomans succeeded in invoking Islam, and also the doctrine of jihad. Islam became an explicit ideology and building block of public prestige for the newest Turkish Muslim Empire, and also became an idiom of protest against the gradual contraction of internal and external trade. The association of Osama bin Laden with al-Jazeera proves to be almost as significant as his decision to wage jihad. There are many ways to connect Bin Laden to the early generation of Islam. Bin Laden's legacy is one of deviance and damage rather than persistence and profit in the cause of Islam.
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Kurtenbach, Sabine. Kolumbien Zwischen Gewalteskalation und Friedenssuche: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Einflussnahme Externer Akteure. Iberoamericana Editorial Vervuert, 2001.
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Strathern, Andrew, and Pamela J. Stewart. Religion and Violence in Pacific Island Societies. Edited by Michael Jerryson, Mark Juergensmeyer, and Margo Kitts. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199759996.013.0008.
Abstract:
This chapter examines the associations between religion and violence. The Bellonese case reveals that the ideology of honor drove the pattern of vengeance killings; that this ideology primarily pertained to men and their agnatic kin; that it was supported by appeals to gods and ancestors; and that peace rituals did not produce permanent effects. In the Fijian case, it is shown that war-chief and land-chief were ideally balanced with each other, the one standing for external violence, the other for internal peace. In Bau, this balance was upset and inverted due to the sea-going war-chiefs who came to engage a pre-eminent position by terminating the land-chiefs. In the New Guinea Highlands societies, a higher development of an ideology of wealth used is observed as a life-giving replacement for persons, whether for bridewealth payments, payments to allies, or compensation to enemies.
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Moore, Rebecca. From Jonestown to 9/11 and Beyond. Edited by James R. Lewis and Inga Tøllefsen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466176.013.13.
Abstract:
This chapter examines violent outbursts perpetrated by New Religious Movements (NRMs) and considers the competing and complementary theories that have arisen to explain them. It argues that theories about cult violence change as new data become available. Public perceptions of cults and a shifting religious-political landscape also shape theoretical considerations of religion and violence. The chapter notes that prior to the mass murders-suicides in Jonestown, Guyana, and immediately following, theories of violence focused on inwardly-directed coercion and control. The demise of the Branch Davidians in 1993, along with other eruptions of violence in the 1990s, challenged this perspective, and a theory of interaction between external and internal forces arose. The events of September 11, 2001 internationalized considerations of religious violence, and returned attention to the influence of apocalyptic worldviews. A pressing problem that has emerged most recently is the violence perpetrated against NRMs, particularly state-sponsored repression.
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Jerryson, Michael. If You Meet the Buddha on the Road. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683566.001.0001.
Abstract:
It is said that the famous ninth-century Chinese Buddhist monk Linji Yixuan told his disciples, “If you meet the Buddha on the road, kill him.” The statement deliberately confounds people and is meant to jolt them from complacent ways of thinking. However, beyond this purpose there is another. One should seek the inner Buddha nature that resides within, not an external Buddha for liberation. In this way, the thought of killing the Buddha dislodges a person from the illusionary perspective that enlightenment lies outside her/himself. The proclamation also highlights the power of violence, even on a symbolic level. Violence abounds in Buddhist thoughts, doctrine, and actions. However, it is not widely acknowledged or understood. This book addresses one important absence in the study of religion and violence: the religious treatment of violence. In order to pursue an understanding of the relationship between Buddhism and violence, it is important to first ask, how do Buddhist scriptures and Buddhists understand violence? Drawing on Buddhist treatments of violence, this book explores the ways in which Buddhists invoke, support, or justify war, conflict, state violence, and gender discrimination. In addition, the book examines the ways in which Buddhists address violence as military chaplains, cope with violence in a conflict zone, and serve as witnesses of blasphemy to Buddhist doctrine and Buddha images.
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Pott, Percivall. Observations on the Nature and Consequences of Those Injuries to Which the Head Is Liable from External Violence. by Percivall Pott,. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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McDougal, Topher L. Stateless State-Led Industrialization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792598.003.0004.
Abstract:
What befalls economies that descend into violence? This chapter suggests that the splintered trade networks described in Chapter 2 effectively forced firms in Liberia to localize many of their inputs and to internalize many of the functions that would otherwise be external—imitating the effects of import-substitution and state-led industrialization policies. Specifically, the war economy in Liberia mimicked import tariffs, localized the staffs of many companies, raised local content in products, and even spurred technical learning and knowledge accumulation. In calling attention to ways in which violence localized supply chains, this chapter suggests that the interplay between violent predation is itself a reaction to the structure of global value chains.
Book chapters on the topic "Violences externes":
1
Segal, Robert A. "Violence internal and external." In Religion, Terror and Violence, 13–38. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003416739-4.
2
Augustová, Karolína. "Race, gender and border violence." In Everyday Violence at the EU’s External Borders, 33–47. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003308614-3.
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Martín, Félix E. "The Military, External Peace, and Internal Violence." In Militarist Peace in South America, 149–76. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403983589_8.
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Rosen, Jonathan D., and Hanna Samir Kassab. "External Actors and Power Vacuums." In Crime, Violence and the State in Latin America, 108–29. New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003079910-5.
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Augustová, Karolína. "Push and back." In Everyday Violence at the EU’s External Borders, 48–69. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003308614-4.
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Augustová, Karolína. "Introduction." In Everyday Violence at the EU’s External Borders, 1–16. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003308614-1.
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Augustová, Karolína. "The everyday matters." In Everyday Violence at the EU’s External Borders, 70–85. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003308614-5.
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Augustová, Karolína. "The game not over." In Everyday Violence at the EU’s External Borders, 86–93. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003308614-6.
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Augustová, Karolína. "Imagining the Balkan Route." In Everyday Violence at the EU’s External Borders, 17–32. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003308614-2.
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Lounsbery, Marie Olson, and Frederic S. Pearson. "Complex effects of external involvements in ethnopolitical violence." In Routledge Handbook of Peacebuilding and Ethnic Conflict, 39–47. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003000686-5.
Conference papers on the topic "Violences externes":
1
Moļņika, Baiba. "Drama Education for Violence Prevention: Approaches and Challenges." In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.60.
Abstract:
Violence in schools is a socially and culturally complex phenomenon that affects not only the victim and the abuser but everyone, including eyewitnesses, parents, and educators. Drama education provides a unique experience in reducing violence because it involves both the mind and the emotions The adolescent is the age stage that is influenced by many external and individual factors, such as those related to the change in the training system, age development, change of interests and change of class dynamics, etc. All of these factors can lead to an increase in the risk of stress background and violence situations. The study explores violence prevention through the lens of drama. The review reveals several approaches for drama education with connection to personal development and violence prevention, including, “Forum Theatre” and “Process drama”. The study provides recommendations to emphasize the role of drama education in reducing violence in schools.
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Helmy Elshemy, Radwa Atef. "A Clinical Study to Address the Negative Impacts of Exposure to Violence on Adolescents with Disabilities." In 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Education. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.educationconf.2019.11.792.
Abstract:
Using case studies and interviews, this study investigated the negative effects of violence against disabled individuals. Twenty girls who were visually and physically disabled completed a questionnaire designed to investigate the consequences that resulted from exposure to violence. The research was conducted in June 2019. The study participants were visually and physically disabled girls who had been exposed to violence. The participants were from the “Alaml Institute” in Misr Elgdida area, Cairo, Egypt. The two participants studied in this paper were deliberately chosen because their previous exposure to violence has resulted in behavioral and psychological disorders. The researcher pursued a clinical approach to study each individual’s personality in-depth. The results revealed that the most harmful effects and psychological problems resulting from exposure to violence were social withdrawal, aggression, tension, anxiety, bitterness, and hatred. The researcher recommends that psychological support, including counseling and psychotherapy, be offered to disabled girls who are exposed to external aggression. Furthermore, there is a need for reinforcing the psychological culture among adolescents, especially the psychology of adolescent girls with disabilities.
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Belošević, Matea. "The Contribution of Internal and External Assets of Resilience in Explaining Peer Violence." In 7th International Conference on Research in Behavioral and Social Sciences. Acavent, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/7th.icrbs.2020.10.29.
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Draganov, Georgi, Ivan Sandanski, and Ivan Slavchev. "STUDY OF VIOLENCE AMONG BASKETBALL FANS IN BULGARIA." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/138.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Basketball in Bulgaria has the image of an “intellectual” sport. The lack of serious incidents of violence among fans in the National Championship is the reason for the absence of a definition of the phenomenon as an important issue on the political agenda of the institutions. However, there are some cases of violence caused by “migrating” football fans in basketball. The main objective of the empirical study was to identify the main factors and causes of aggressive and violent behavior during the national championship games. A structured thematic survey among 704 basketball fans from nine of the top basketball teams was conducted. The main criterion for respondent selection in the survey sample is he or she has attended at least 30 percent of the home games of the team they support. Among the leading reasons for visiting basketball games of the favorite team stand out: meeting the needs of leisure and entertainment (66%), the love of basketball (56%), building up and maintaining social relationships with friends (45%), the attractive team play (41%). As it becomes clear, visits to basketball games are dictated by social and cultural reasons (mostly value- and consumer orientated). Typical for basketball fans in Bulgaria is their interest mainly in team sports, as only 56% attend basketball games. Leading causes for the manifestation of aggressive/ violent behavior on behalf of the fans most often are sought in external factors such as referees’ decisions (68%); provocations by rival fans (51%) and excessive alcohol use (45%). The identified causes fall among the group of situational, related to the specific context of the match, and not related to structural, political or cultural-determining factors. Main participants and a reason for aggressive behavior are not always the traditional audience, but often this is due to parents of adolescent athletes, coaches, and players of certain teams. The study also provides practical guidelines for policy interventions.
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O'Hara, Lily, Bayan Alajaimi, and Bayan Alshowaikh. "Experiences of Weight-based Oppression in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0187.
Abstract:
Introduction: Weight-based oppression is a widespread phenomenon in Western countries. External sources of weight-based oppression include exposure to stigmatizing or exclusionary social, cultural, economic, political and built environments, weight bias and discrimination, and weight-based bullying and violence. Internal sources of weight-based oppression are the internalized negative attitudes, values and beliefs people hold about body weight. Weight-based oppression is associated with a range of psychological, physiological and behavioral harms such as depression, anxiety, disordered eating, hypertension, allostatic load, cortisol reactivity and oxidative stress. Research on weight-based oppression is largely absent from the Arab region. The objectives of the study were to examine the internalized attitudes, values and beliefs related to body weight, and experiences of external weight based oppression, including teasing, bullying, stigmatization, and discrimination among staff, faculty and students at Qatar University. Methods: We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 29 participants (25 females) aged 18 to 53 years who were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling. Thematic analysis was used to identify major themes. Results: Internal and external weight-based oppression were experienced by all participants and regarded as so common in Arabic culture as to be normative. There were five major themes that related to the various types of weight based oppression experiences, internalized feelings about weight based oppression, and the timing, source and impact of weight based oppression. Conclusion: Weight-based oppression in the Arab region is an important and unrecognized public health issue. Programs should be developed to reduce exposure to weightbased oppression in all sectors. Reducing teasing, bullying and negative experiences related to body weight in childhood should be a public health priority.
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García de Mateos Sanchis, Claudia. "Retrato de una Cerilla. El Ensayo Audiovisual como Posicionamiento Crítico en la Sociedad del Rendimiento." In II Congreso Internacional Estéticas Híbridas de la Imagen en Movimiento: Identidad y Patrimonio. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eshid2021.2021.13219.
Abstract:
Byung-Chul Han, en La sociedad de la transparencia (2013), describe el síndrome psíquico de Burnout. En resumen, es un estado de agotamiento físico, emocional o mental, un cansancio emocional que provoca la despersonalización, con consecuencias para la autoestima así como la pérdida del interés y el sentido de la responsabilidad. Esta situación ha sido provocada y aprovechada por el neocapitalismo liberal, ofreciendo la oportunidad de suplir ese vacío existencial con la realización personal a través del trabajo, de la producción. Sin embargo, para hacer esto posible, no se ejerce una violencia física externa que obliga, propia de una sociedad disciplinaria, sino que viene de una voz interna identificada como personal y propia que repite en bucle que siempre es posible hacer un poco más para llegar un poco más alto y ser un poco mejor que ayer. ¿Cuál es el origen de esta necesidad? ¿Es natural la constante propuesta de superación y mejora? ¿Es posible detectar y parar esos mecanismos neuronales que obligan al sujeto a rendir hasta límites insanos física y mentalmente? Retrato de una cerilla. Bloque I: Identificación es un ensayo audiovisual que conforma la primera parte de una investigación audiovisual compuesta de cuatro bloques transdisciplinares en relación con los mecanismos individuales y sociales que potencian la violencia neuronal derivada del autorrendimiento. El proyecto nos plantea una cuestión clara: ¿la autoexigencia que se ha llegado a comprender como parte intrínseca de la personalidad es natural o es, por el contrario, un comportamiento inducido y naturalizado hasta el punto de hacerlo pasar como propio? A través de las aportaciones conceptuales y formales de lenguajes audiovisuales tales como el apropiacionismo y el uso de montajes de corte rítmico e intelectual, Retrato de una cerilla defiende el arte como crítica y resistencia al nuevo modelo de sociedad derivado del neocapitalismo postmoderno.
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Almeida, Ana Carolina Souza de, Erick Lean Rodrigues Lucas Palmeira, and Rangel Lima Costa. "Hospitalizations for intracranial trauma in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, a clinicalepidemiological analysis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.428.
Abstract:
Background: Intracranial trauma (IT) is an injury inside of the cranial box resulting from external forces, usually caused by automotive accidents, falls and violence, sometimes leading to permanent damage or death. Objectives: Describe hospital admissions for IT in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (SP), based on ICD-10 morbidity list. Design and settings: Epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective study. Methods: Data provided from the Hospital Morbidity System (SIH-SUS) of the Ministry of Health, from January 2015 to December 2020. Results: There were 65.455 cases of hospitalizations by IT registered in the metropolitan region of SP, which surpassed the cases of the North and Midwest regions. In 2020, there was a 5% reduction in cases compared to 2019. The amount spent represented 10.5% of the total spent in Brazil. Most of the hospitalization patients were male, and the most affected age group was 40- 49 years. The lethality was 11.05% and higher in patients over 80 years-old. Conclusions: It is essential to control IT’s causing factors, since it engenders high costs, and it is a serious problem for the public health and economy, and for the victim’s psychosocial context. The metropolitan region of SP requires special attention, once it shows higher rates of hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality than any other brazilian state. Despite the social isolation in 2020, there were no significant differences between this year’s records comparing to the other ones.
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Batista, Matheus Neres, Joel Alves de Sousa Júnior, and Lanna do Carmo Carvalho. "Brain skull traumatism: a neurological approach." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.381.
Abstract:
Introduction: Brain Cranium Trauma (TBI) is defined as any traumatic injury that causes an anatomical lesion or functional impairment of the scalp, skull, meninges, brain or its vessels. In the set of injuries from external causes, the TBI stands out in terms of magnitude and, above all, as a cause of death and disability. Objectives: Demonstrate basic and current concepts in relation to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of TBI. Methods: The present work is a narrative review of the literature in the PubMed, SciELO and CNBI databases. As search criteria, the following keywords were used: “traumatic brain injury”; “Semiology”; “Neurology” and articles, which were limited to a specific period of 5 years. Exclusion: case reports and inclusion: 12 articles. Results: The main causes of TBI are car accidents, falls, being run over, aggression and sports activities. It was observed that most victims of TBI have subgaleal hematoma (HS), followed by fractures. In mild and moderate TBI, the appearance of HS is more prevalent, 48.5%. In TBI, severe, the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage predominates with 71.1% of cases in the first study and 62.5% in the second. Conclusion: The main group affected by TCE are mostly male and young, this predominance is related to the increase in violence with firearms, alcoholism and high speeds in traffic. The elderly group is at risk due to their susceptibility to falls. Children are also prone due to lack of motor coordination, resulting in acidentes.
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Abramenkova, Vera, Valentina Kulakovskaya, and Anatoly Loginov. "The phenomenon of child heroism as counteraction to extremism in safe childhood developments." In East – West: Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.uvml9645.
Abstract:
The article is focused on the analysis of the phenomenon of child heroism in history and today as a primary prevention of countering extremism in a child and adolescent environment in the context of security. The paper presents the results of a study of the ideas of pre-school children about heroism and the hero. Problems are identified with examples of real heroes in the preschoolers’ minds, recommendations for the use of the educational potential of heroism still poorly used in educational institutions are proposed. At the same time, it is it which can resist the negative forms of attitudes towards violence and aggressive behaviour. The heroic deeds of our today’s children are considered; the large number of them makes it possible for us to assert that heroism is not only a phenomenon of the past but is typical of the children of contemporary Russia. The work substantiates the psychological and social meanings of a child’s feat in a special paradoxical property, the strength of a child, bodily, psychological, spiritual as his/her own resource of vitality, the ability to cope with psycho-traumatic, stressful negative attacks from the outside and the ability to provide protection to himself/herself and those who need it to a certain extent. In the safe childhood development concept, the concept of ‘child strength’ refers to the category of fundamental concepts that characterise the degree of readiness of children of different ages to overcome extremal situations, including an adequate response to external threats, including in the moral sphere. The overall result of the safe development of childhood is a psychologically, spiritually and morally healthy person capable of resistance and self-defence against all sort of threats.
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Carriera, Lucia, Chiara Carla Montà, and Daniela Bianchi. "THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON RESIDENTIAL CARE SERVICES FOR CHILDREN: A CALL FOR FAMILY-BASED APPROACH IN ALTERNATIVE CARE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end126.
Abstract:
Children’s rights and needs are at the center of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, where education is viewed as crucial for providing the opportunities for sustainable, peaceful and equitable coexistence in a changing world. Alternative care settings are educational contexts (Tibollo, 2015) that deal with children in vulnerable conditions (UN General Assembly, 2010). For this reason, they can be considered as a sort of “field test” or “magnifying glass” on how the progress in striving to the implementation of the goals is proceeding – no one must be left behind. The 2020 global pandemic provoked an external shock to current socio-economic dimensions of sustainability. Education has been one of the most struck systems – let’s think of the 1,6 billion learners that have been affected by school closures (UNESCO, 2020). With this global framework in mind, the contribution aims at offering a pedagogical reflection on the impact the Covid-19 pandemic is having on children living in residential care centers (RCC). Worldwide, many RCCs, following the ongoing global pandemic, have been closed with the consequent return of children to their families of origin (CRIN, 2020). This process of deinstitutionalization, however, has not been overseen by rigorous monitoring, leading to increased risks of violence for children. This urges authorities to take carefully planned measures with respect to deinstitutionalisation in light of the COVID-19 pandemic (Goldman, et al., 2020). But Covid-19 is not only a health risk for children in RCCs. Because of the complex impact that the pandemic has had on the lives of children, on one side care responses are required, and on the other psycho-social and educational ones are also crucial (SOS Villaggi dei Bambini Onlus Italy; Save The Children, 2020). In Italy, for example, special guidelines have been drawn up to mitigate the spread of the virus within residential structures, that sometimes are overcrowded (Istituto superiore di sanità; SOS Villaggi dei Bambini Onlus Italia, 2020). In addition, tools have been provided to support the mental health of the children and adolescents that are deprived of opportunities for socialization given the closure of schools. In some cases they are isolated within the services themselves to mitigate the risk of the spread, causing a limitation in the possibility of seeing people outside the institution as their parents. Covid-19 underlines the urgency of promoting family-based alternative care for children. In particular, this paper aims to read through a pedagogical lens, the European scenario of residential services for children, to explore the impact of Covid-19 in these services; and to promote a family-based approach in alternative care preventing the risk of institutionalization in children welcomed.
Reports on the topic "Violences externes":
1
Agüero, Jorge M. Causal Estimates of the Intangible Costs of Violence against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011490.
Abstract:
Violence has a striking gender pattern. Men are more likely to be attacked by a stranger, while women experience violence mostly from their partners. This paper estimates the costs of violence against women in terms of intangible outcomes, such as women's reproductive health, labor supply, and the welfare of their children. The study uses a sample of nearly 83,000 women in seven countries from all income groups and all sub-regions in Latin American and the Caribbean. The sample, consisting of 26.3 million women between the ages of 15 and 49, strengthens the external validity of the results. The results show that physical violence against women is strongly associated with their marital status because it increases the divorce or separation rate. Violence is negatively linked with women's health. The study shows that domestic violence additionally creates a negative externality by affecting important short-term health outcomes for children whose mothers suffered from violence. To obtain the child health outcomes, the study employs a natural experiment in Peru to establish that these effects appear to be causal. Finally, the paper presents evidence indicating that women's education and age buffer the negative effect of violence against women on their children's health outcomes.
2
Iwara, MaryAnne. Hybrid Peacebuilding Approaches in Africa: Harnessing Complementary Parallels. RESOLVE Network, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2020.15.lpbi.
Abstract:
Many of the most pressing conflicts across sub-Saharan Africa today—including violent extremism, sexual and gender-based violence, pastoralist/farmer conflicts, and criminal banditry—are shaped by local, community-level drivers. Despite these local drivers, however, international peacebuilding approaches often ignore or neglect bottom-up, grassroots strategies for addressing them. Often, international efforts to contribute to the prevention and management of local conflicts depend heavily on large-scale, expensive, and external interventions like peacekeepers, while under-investing in or by-passing traditional/customary mechanisms and resources that uphold locally defined values of peace, tolerance, solidarity, and respect. Recognizing that these traditional and customary practices themselves sometimes have their own legacies of violence and inequality, this policy note emphasizes the possibility of combining aspects of traditional peacebuilding mechanisms with international conflict management approaches to harness the benefits of both.
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Azabache, César, Hugo Eyzaguirre, Jaime Chang Neyra, María Antonia Remenyi, and Gabriel Ortiz de Zevallos. La Violencia Intencional en Lima Metropolitana: Magnitud, Impacto Económico y Evaluación de Políticas de Control, 1985-1995. Inter-American Development Bank, July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011826.
Abstract:
En el Perú no existe un estudio completo y exhaustivo sobre el fenómeno de la violencia contra la vida y la propiedad. La falta de información ordenada y sistematizada que permita cuantificar su magnitud, estimar su impacto económico y evaluar el funcionamiento de las instituciones vinculadas a la prevención, control y sanción del delito, impide una mejor comprensión del problema y limita la definición e implementación de políticas adecuadas para enfrentar este tipo de violencia. El informe que se presenta a continuación consta de tres capítulos. El primero presenta un panorama de la magnitud de la violencia intencional contra la persona--número de defunciones y lesiones por violencia intencional según sexo, edad y causa externa--en Lima Metropolitana y a nivel nacional, a partir de la información disponible en el Ministerio de Salud y la Policía Nacional del Perú. Debido a que las cifras disponibles en el Perú son de mala calidad y, por lo tanto, poco confiables, han sido corregidas considerando los mejores supuestos. Los resultados, si bien intentan reflejar la realidad de la mejor manera posible, carecen de exactitud, pues la información estadística utilizada como base para todo el análisis es muy deficiente.
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Milligan, James. Power-Sharing as a Means of Conflict Resolution. Fribourg (Switzerland): IFF, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51363/unifr.diff.2023.40.
Abstract:
Historical ethnic cleavages transpiring into periods of intense violence and political disarray are features that characterise both Northern Ireland and Cyprus in their recent history. Many similarities about the conflicts in both countries can be observed, yet Northern Ireland has been successful at securing peace and Cyprus has not. This paper aims to explain why this has been the case and if it could be possible for Cyprus to reach an agreement in the future. The approaches used in both countries concerning power-sharing are addressed and a considerable focus is applied to the theory of power-sharing known as consociationalism. The main conclusion taken from the study is that the peace process in Cyprus has been a long and arduous development, that whilst many will consider as a failure, has been successful in agreeing on a framework for the institutional makeup of the country through a bi-zonal and bi-communal federation. The next step for Cyprus is to overcome the external contextual factors holding back a peace agreement and this paper argues that the approach taken in Northern Ireland could be used to influence future negotiations.
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Obado-Joel, Jennifer. The Challenge of State-Backed Internal Security in Nigeria: Considerations for Amotekun. RESOLVE Network, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2020.9.ssa.
Abstract:
Nigeria faces immense internal security challenges, including the Boko-Haram crisis in the northeast and violent farmer-herder conflicts in the southwest and north-central states. Across the Nigerian federation, pockets of violent clashes have sprung and escalated in new locales in the last decade. Community responses to these violent crises have been diverse and included the establishment of armed groups to supplement or act in parallel to the security efforts of the Nigerian state—in some cases with backing from federal or state governments. These local security assemblages, community-based armed groups (CBAGs), are on the one hand contributors to local order, and normative conceptions of peace and security. On the other hand, these groups are often a pernicious actor within the broader security landscape, undermining intercommunal peace and drivers of violence and human rights abuses. This Policy Note focuses on the characteristics, challenges, and opportunities of Amotekun, a recently formed CBAG in Southwest Nigeria. Drawing from the experiences of similar Nigerian groups, the Note details recommendations that may facilitate greater success and lessen poten al risk associated with Amotekun’s formation. These recommendations are aimed primarily at Nigerian government and civil society actors and describe areas where external support could potentially improve local capacity to conduct oversight of Amotekun and similar groups.
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Henkin, Samuel. Dynamic Dimensions of Radicalization and Violent Extremism in Sabah, Malaysia. RESOLVE Network, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.25.sea.
Abstract:
Malaysia offers a unique lens to evaluate the changing dynamics of radicalization and extremism in Southeast Asia, as the threat of both home-grown and external extremism grows. The country’s geographic location, bordering multiple active centers of violent extremism (the southern Philippines, southern Thailand, and Indonesia), makes it particularly vulnerable to further threats from violent extremism and terrorism, as regional and local violent extremist organizations (VEOs) exploit Malaysian geohistorical contexts and growing grievances related to social and political instability. Threats and risks of violent extremism are especially pronounced and manifest with severe consequences in the Malaysian state of Sabah. This policy note advances a granular review of the dynamics underlying radicalization risk in Sabah, Malaysia, in order to extrapolate an analysis of emerging areas of threat and risk of violent extremism facing Southeast Asia. It offers an opportunity to better understand current and future threats and risks of violent extremism facing Southeast Asia and identifies important trends and recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in mitigating the spread of violent extremism and radicalization to violence in Sabah. The policy note also considers how building local preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) capacity can mitigate Malaysia’s role as a staging area, transit hub, and conduit for the transportation of weapons, operatives, finances, and supporters to other regional and global terrorist organizations.
7
Arzheimer, Kai. To Russia with love? German populist actors’ positions vis-a-vis the Kremlin. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0020.
Abstract:
Russia’s attack on Ukraine and its many international and national repercussions have helped to revive the fortunes of Germany’s main radical right-wing populist party, the “Alternative for Germany” (AfD). Worries about the threats posed to Germany’s traditional export-led industries by spiking energy prices, the country’s historical anxieties over becoming involved in armed conflict in Europe, and hundreds of thousands of refugees arriving in Germany seem to have contributed to a modest rise in the AfD’s poll numbers after a long period of stagnation. However, the situation is more complicated for the AfD than it would appear at first glance. While many party leaders and the rank-and-file have long held sympathies for Putin (and for Russia more generally), support for Ukraine among the German public remains strong, even if there is some disagreement about the appropriate means and the acceptable costs. At least some AfD voters are appalled by the levels of Russian violence against civilians. Like on many other issues, there is also a gap in opinion between Germany’s formerly communist federal states in the east and the western part of the country. The AfD’s leadership has responded by blaming the government and unspecified external actors for the economic crisis, calling for a “diplomatic solution,” and demanding a “return to normal.” While this policy has helped to keep the AfD’s base mobilized, the stated approach is scarcely feasible and has not led to a surge in support for the party among the general population.
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Davies, Will. Improving the engagement of UK armed forces overseas. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135010.
Abstract:
The UK government’s Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy, published in March 2021 alongside a supporting defence command paper, set a new course for UK national security and highlighted opportunities for an innovative approach to international engagement activity. The Integrated Review focused principally on the state threats posed by China’s increasing power and by competitors – including Russia – armed with nuclear, conventional and hybrid capabilities. It also stressed the continuing risks to global security and resilience due to conflict and instability in weakened and failed states. These threats have the potential to increase poverty and inequality, violent extremism, climate degradation and the forced displacement of people, while presenting authoritarian competitors with opportunities to enhance their geopolitical influence. There are moral, security and economic motives to foster durable peace in conflict-prone and weakened regions through a peacebuilding approach that promotes good governance, addresses the root causes of conflict and prevents violence, while denying opportunities to state competitors. The recent withdrawal from Afghanistan serves to emphasize the complexities and potential pitfalls associated with intervention operations in complex, unstable regions. Success in the future will require the full, sustained and coordinated integration of national, allied and regional levers of power underpinned by a sophisticated understanding of the operating environment. The UK armed forces, with their considerable resources and global network, will contribute to this effort through ‘persistent engagement’. This is a new approach to overseas operations below the threshold of conflict, designed as a pre-emptive complement to warfighting. To achieve this, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) must develop a capability that can operate effectively in weak, unstable and complex regions prone to violent conflict and crises, not least in the regions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Euro-Atlantic area. The first step must be the development of a cohort of military personnel with enhanced, tailored levels of knowledge, skills and experience. Engagement roles must be filled by operators with specialist knowledge, skills and experience forged beyond the mainstream discipline of combat and warfighting. Only then will individuals develop a genuinely sophisticated understanding of complex, politically driven and sensitive operating environments and be able to infuse the design and delivery of international activities with practical wisdom and insight. Engagement personnel need to be equipped with: An inherent understanding of the human and political dimensions of conflict, the underlying drivers such as inequality and scarcity, and the exacerbating factors such as climate change and migration; - A grounding in social sciences and conflict modelling in order to understand complex human terrain; - Regional expertise enabled by language skills, cultural intelligence and human networks; - Familiarity with a diverse range of partners, allies and local actors and their approaches; - Expertise in building partner capacity and applying defence capabilities to deliver stability and peace; - A grasp of emerging artificial intelligence technology as a tool to understand human terrain; - Reach and insight developed through ‘knowledge networks’ of external experts in academia, think-tanks and NGOs. Successful change will be dependent on strong and overt advocacy by the MOD’s senior leadership and a revised set of personnel policies and procedures for this cohort’s selection, education, training, career management, incentivization, sustainability and support.
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Memorias Foro Internacional Neogranadino. ¿Gobernanza global o gobierno globalista? 2020. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/docinst.5696.
Abstract:
El 23 de julio del 2020, en el marco de la celebración del aniversario treinta y ocho de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada y en medio de las vicisitudes propias que se despliegan al enfrentar una pandemia como la que ha aquejado al mundo durante más de un año, se desarrolló el Foro Internacional Neogranadino: ¿gobernanza global o gobierno globalista?, con la participación de panelistas de alto nivel tales como el TG (r) Frederick Rudesheim, director del Centro de Estudios Hemisféricos de Defensa William J. Perry; el Dr. Alexis Osvaldo López Tapia, investigador y director de radio y TV; el señor Rafael Nieto Loaiza, abogado, columnista y analista político; el Dr. Joseph Humire Cubides, director del Centro para una Socie- dad Libre Segura (SFS); el Dr. Jaime García Covarrubias, analista internacional; el Dr. Omar Bula Escobar, analista internacional; y la Dra. Celina B. Realuyo, profesora del Centro William J Perry. Además, contó con intervenciones magistrales por parte del Dr. Carlos Holmes Trujillo García (Q. E. P. D.), ministro de Defensa Nacional; el señor BG Adolfo Clavijo Ardila, exrector de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; y el señor BG Luis Fernando Puentes Torres, actual rector de este claustro universitario. Entre los temas más relevantes tratados durante el foro se encuentran la pandemia generada por el COVID-19, los desafíos de la gobernanza nacional frente a las amenazas externas, el debilitamiento integral de las Fuerzas Armadas, la política exterior de los Estados Unidos con respecto a elementos de seguridad nacional y cooperación internacional, y la revolución molecular disipada como una explicación a la generalización de la violencia urbana y el anarquismo que, derivados de fenómenos globalizadores, ponen en riesgo a los Estados.