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Mondello, Joseph J. "Hooliganism and Supporter Violence: Examining the Rome, Lisbon and Athens Derbies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1343.
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The practice of Hooliganism, or violent and aggressive styles of support linked to one or more specific football club, first emerged in England in the 1960’s. A combination of mass media, films such as Green Street Hooligans, and increases in law enforcement enabled Hooliganism to spread all over Europe. This paper seeks to explain Hooligan cultures, how they emerge, their characteristics and the type of individual they attract. Furthermore, this paper examines the situational variables present on match-day that lead to supporter violence. Additionally, this paper aggregates numerous findings on crowd behavior and Hooliganism, and then applies them three case studies: the Rome, Lisbon and Athens derbies. Case studies seek to highlight some of the mediating and moderating factors in that particularly rivalry, as well the differences in Hooligan cultures across countries.
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Rohmann, Dirk. "Gewalt und politischer Wandel im 1. Jahrhundert n. Chr. /." München : H. Utz, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410351899.
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Hunt, John Matthew. "Violence and Disorder in the Sede Vacante of Early Modern Rome, 1559-1655." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244045850.
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Hulot, Sophie. "La violence de guerre dans le monde romain (fin du IIIème s. av. J.-C.- fin du Ier s. ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30050.
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Quel est le rapport des Romains à la violence de guerre ? Cette question, d´une trompeuse simplicité, n´a jamais véritablement été posée en ces termes, tant Rome est le plus souvent présentée comme une puissance invariablement agressive et brutale. Pourtant, en s´inspirant du concept de la culture de guerre développé pour la période contemporaine, mais aussi de l´anthropologie et de la sociologie, il est possible de renouveler les approches sur la question. C´est l´angle plus précis du coût humain de la guerre qui a été retenu pour ce travail. Il permet de mieux saisir la manière dont la société romaine répond aux effets potentiellement perturbateurs des pertes et des blessés de guerre. Il facilite également la compréhension du comportement de Rome envers ses ennemis en proposant une lecture plus circonstancielle et interactionniste de la production de la violence. En s´intéressant plus particulièrement au corps, mais aussi aux conditions concrètes de l´activité militaire et enfin aux rapports sociaux romains, cet examen se veut une contribution à l´histoire militaire, culturelle et sociale de la Rome antique. Trois champs d´investigation ont été abordés. Le premier concerne la relation du soldat à la violence de guerre dans le cadre même des combats. Il s´agissait de mettre en évidence la manière dont les combattants pouvaient supporter les diverses intensités des conflits, s´en accommodaient ou, plus ponctuellement, manifestaient leurs insatisfactions vis-à-vis de la conduite de la guerre. La nature des blessures de guerre, le système médical ainsi que les relations entre les troupes et leurs chefs ont fait l´objet d´analyses plus précises. En deuxième lieu, c´est la réaction de l´ensemble de la communauté romaine face aux pertes et blessés de guerre qui a été mise en valeur. En particulier, la dimension inconditionnellement agressive de l´ethos guerrier romain a été nuancée. Surtout, on a cherché à mettre en lumière une série de protestations relatives au coût humain de la guerre lorsque ce dernier est perçu comme excessif. La réponse du pouvoir à ces mécontentements a alors été abordée selon une perspective chronologique. Enfin, l´examen a porté sur les modalités romaines du recours à la violence. Il s´agissait d´en montrer les ressorts circonstanciels, les mécanismes auto-restrictifs, le discours cohérent de justification et son caractère relativement commun dans le monde antique. En définitive, ce travail a permis de mieux dégager les seuils de sensibilités romains au coût humain de la guerreWhat outlook did the Romans have on war violence? This deceptively simple question has never actually been posed in these terms since Rome has most often been described as an invariably aggressive and brutal power. A reappraisal of the approaches on this question is however possible by drawing both on the concept of war culture developed with regard to contemporary history and on anthropology and sociology. More precisely, the angle chosen for this research was that of the human cost of war. It allows a better understanding of the way Roman society responded to the potentially disruptive effects of war losses and wounded soldiers. It also helps to better grasp Rome’s behaviour towards its enemies by offering a finer reading on the kinds of circumstances and interactions in which war violence was used. Focusing more particularly on the body, but also on the practical conditions of military activity and finally on Roman social relationships, this study aims at contributing to Rome’s military, cultural and social history. It explores three fields of investigation. The first one deals with the soldiers’ relationship to war violence in the environment of battle itself, highlighting the way they endured the various intensities of conflicts, putting up with them or, at times, expressing their discontent with the way war was conducted. The types of wounds, the medical system and the relationships between the troops and their leaders were more specifically analysed. Secondly attention is paid to the responses of Roman society as a whole to war losses and wounded soldiers. The unconditionally aggressive dimension of the Roman war ‘ethos’ has in particular been qualified, with a focus on the protests against the human cost of war when sensed as excessive. The responses of those in power were subsequently examined from a chronological perspective. The last part centres on the Roman modes of resorting to war violence: the circumstances governing its various uses, the self-restrictive mechanisms, the coherent justificatory discourse, its comparatively common nature in the ancient world. In the end, this research has better brought to light the thresholds of Roman sensitivity to the human cost of war
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Baker, Gabriel David. "Spare no one : destroying communities in Roman warfare, third and second centuries BCE." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6699.
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In Greek and Latin historical narratives, Roman armies are repeatedly said to destroy enemy communities, both their physical urban spaces and inhabitant populations. Some ancient authors claim that this conduct was characteristic of the Roman way of war, particularly during the period of the Middle Republic. However, this seemingly prevalent feature of Roman warfare remains poorly understood. Ancient descriptions of urban destruction and mass killing are often vague or formulaic, and rarely indicate how or why this violence took place. Although a few modern studies have examined mass violence in antiquity, the destruction of communities is seldom treated as a distinct category of Roman military action, with its own methods and motives. Furthermore, there has been little effort to explore how ancient armies actually destroyed cities or peoples using pre-modern tools.
To redress these gaps in the scholarship, this dissertation aims to demonstrate how and why Roman armies destroyed urban spaces and populations. The project first examines descriptions of urban destruction and mass killing in ancient texts, archaeological and art historical evidence of mass violence, and comparative evidence from other historical periods. The second half of the project investigates individual cases in which Roman commanders attacked and destroyed enemy cities or populations. Case studies allow in-depth examinations of individual events, making it possible to situate episodes of mass violence within a larger set of historical circumstances; this approach highlights the specific causal factors that encouraged Roman military leaders to target enemy communities.
Using these methods, this dissertation argues that ancient armies employed demolition and mass arson to destroy urban spaces, and killed populations using cold-blooded mass executions or hot-blooded indiscriminate massacres. Although ancient military forces rarely, if ever, razed entire towns or exterminated whole peoples, even partial destruction required an expenditure of time, labor, and resources. Thus the destruction of communities was not the result of haphazard outburst or violent frenzy, but stemmed from the calculated decisions of military and political leaders. This study further argues that Roman commanders destroyed enemy communities instrumentally, to accomplish a range of goals and objectives. While many Roman commanders employed mass violence strategically, as a response to specific military problems, their political, economic, and personal goals could also motivate destruction and mass killing in war.
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Spiegl, Steven. "Communal responses to socio-economic problems in Italy and Gaul, 31 BC - AD 284." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/communal-responses-to-socioeconomic-problems-in-italy-and-gaul-31-bc--ad-284(4437edaa-53fa-4a57-8897-879bec4747b6).html.
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This thesis looks at the nature and evolution of communal responses to socio-economic problems in imperial Italy and Gaul. Ancient analysis of this topic tended to view any popular expression of discontent as the result of the moral failings of the plebs, or, somewhat more generously, as being due to poverty. These two lines of thought have had an effect on modern scholarship, shaping opinion not only on how the Roman elite viewed the general population, but also influencing and distorting our view of the actual situation. In some cases, poverty certainly was the underlying cause of unrest, as it has so often been throughout human history; to see it as the sole cause (and to imagine that the Romans perceived it to be the sole cause) is, however, an oversimplification. This thesis aims to show that a complex array of factors was responsible for those popular actions (e.g. grain riots) traditionally seen as reactions to deprivation. It will be seen that not only the socio-economic problems that caused these actions, but also the underlying customs and social mores that dictated how people reacted to these problems were manifold. In addition to showing the socio-economic complexities that dictated popular response, this thesis will show that said response could take a variety of forms, and that just as we must steer ourselves away from simplistic adages like panem et circenses when searching for a cause, we must move beyond the more sensational instances of violence, crime and unrest when looking for a response. A number of reactions, from beggary to banditry, are therefore considered, in order to show the various communal responses available to those at the lower end of the socio-economic scale. Given the vast amount of time and space covered, this thesis will explore diachronic and geographical developments in the nature of communal response. By considering the wider socio-economic developments that precipitated the various responses considered, it will be shown that there was indeed a distinct evolution in the way in which the people reacted to specific stimuli, governed by factors such as the amount of imperial contact, adherence to pre-existing social structures, and, interestingly, a growing sense of popular political involvement.
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Guzzo, Domenico. "Rome, l'inscription des violences politiques dans la ville au cours des années de plomb : (1966-1982)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH009/document.
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En s’inscrivant dans le récent sillage historiographique consacré à la dimension métropolitaine de la conflictualité armée, cette recherche a analysé les milieux et les formes urbaines de l'extrémisme à Rome dans l’après-68. Par une approche interdisciplinaire - qui a intégré l’apport de la philosophie, de l'urbanisme, de la sociologie, de la géographie urbaine, des sciences politiques - cette étude a reconstruit la relation entre le territoire urbain et la mise en œuvre d’une violence subversive, souvent à caractère meurtrier et terroriste, dans le cadre de la modernisation nationale activée par le "boom économique" (1958-1963) et des dynamiques propres à la « guerre froide ».On a porté une attention particulière à l’appréhension des processus de transformation idéologique et culturelle, mûris au sein de la « crise urbaine » affectant le mauvais et difficile développement de Rome dans l'après-guerre, qui ont permis à la première métropole italienne de devenir l'écosystème unique et catalyseur de cette conflictualité extrême, au-delà des simples facteurs géopolitiques (crise européenne de l'idée d'atlantisme) et socio-économique (explosion des luttes sociales pour la revendication de biens et services propres à la modernité consumériste).Cette étude est remontée aux facteurs de division caractérisant la structure, le tissu et l’ambiance de Rome. Il s’agit des clivages fondamentaux, en place dès le début de l’époque républicaine (1946), sur lesquels s’implantent ensuite, au lendemain du boom économique, les processus de radicalisation qui accompagnent les multiples luttes revendicatives - dans les domaines du quartier, du travail, des écoles et de l’Université - engendrées par une modernisation de la capitale brutale et déséquilibrée. Notre recherche a, de ce fait, démontré que les différentes « expériences d’antagonisme » muries au sein de cette vaste contestation sociale, ont servi finalement d’incubateurs où une partie de la militance extraparlementaire romaine, issue de la mobilisation soixante-huitarde, s’est initiée à différentes pratiques subversives (notamment les répertoires de l’illégalité de masse et de la guérilla clandestine).La prise en compte de tous ces niveaux et ces dimensions a fait ressortir les particularités de la violence politique déployée à Rome dans l’après-68, tout en attribuant la juste proportion au « poids » de la capitale d’Italie dans le déploiement à l’échelle nationale de la « stratégie de la tension » (1969-1974) et des « années de plomb » (1975-1982).Cette recherche s’est donc engagée dans la reconstruction d’un cadre historique global, mettant en connexion diachronique les faits et les dynamiques internes à la ville (d’ordre social, économique, culturel, idéologique, politique et urbanistique) avec le système étatique centré à Rome – marqué par les pressions du « rideau de fer », les lourdes séquelles de la dictature fasciste et de la guerre civile, la fragilité gouvernementale et le manque de cohésion nationale – le long des années de la modernisation et de l’entrée dans la société d’abondance en ItalieFollowing the new historiographical path focused on the urban dimension of the armed struggle, this research analyses the milieus and the forms of the political extremism in Rome after ‘68. By an interdisciplinary approach – which integrates the contribution of philosophy, of urban studies, of sociology, of urban geography, of political sciences – this study rebuilt the relation between urban territory and the implementation of a subversive violence, often lethal and terrorist, in the context of the national modernization activated by the “economic boom” (1958-1963) and of the “cold war” dynamics. A special attention is payed to the apprehension of the ideological and cultural evolutions - grown inside the “urban crisis” which affects the critical development of Rome in the post-war period – that transformed the biggest Italian metropolis in a perfect ecosystem for this extreme conflict, far beyond the only effects of the geopolitical (European crisis of the Atlanticism) and socio-economic factors (explosion of the social struggles claiming the fruition of goods and services created by for consumerist modernity). This study went back to the basic divisions of the structure, the society and the environment of Rome: the fundamental cleavages, appeared at the beginning of the republican time (1946), over which, after the “economic boom”, a process of radicalization (due to the growing of the social struggles in the fields of the local community, work, school and the University, generated by a brutal and unbalanced modernization of the town) is established. Our research, so showed that the various “experiments of antagonism” matured within this vast social protest, were used finally as incubators where part of the roman extremist militancy, resulting from the end of ’68 mobilization, was initiated with various subversive practices (in particular, the repertoires of the mass illegality and of the clandestine guerrilla). Considering of all these levels and these dimensions highlighted the characteristics of the political violence deployed in Rome after ’68, while allotting the right proportion to the “weight” of the capital of Italy in the national deployment of the “strategy of the tension” (1969-1974) and the “years of lead” (1975-1982). This research thus strives to reconstruct a comprehensive historical framework, putting of diachronic connection the facts and the dynamic of the metropolis (social economic, cultural, ideological, political and urban factors) with the State system based in Rome – characterized by the pressures of the “iron curtain”, the heavy after-effects of the fascist dictatorship and the civil war (1943-1945), the governmental frailty and the lack of national cohesion – along the years of modernization and of the entry in the age of abundance for Italy
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Masose, Tariro Veronica P. "The Prosecution of Sexual Violence Crimes under Article 7 And 8 Of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Reason for Optimism?" The University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5788.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe Rome Statute gave birth to the International Criminal Court (ICC) on 17 July 1998. Its mandate is to assist the international community in the arduous task of closing the gap of impunity for the most heinous crimes, namely war crimes, crimes of aggression, genocide and crimes against humanity. For the first time in the history of humankind, States accepted the jurisdiction of a permanent international criminal court, for the prosecution of the perpetrators of the most serious crimes committed within their territories or by nationals after the entry into force of the Rome Statute on 1 July 2002.
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Masose, Tariro Veronica P. "The Prosecution of sexual violence crimes under article 7 and 8 of the rome statue of the international criminal court: A reason for optimism?'." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5831.
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Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence)The Rome Statute gave birth to the International Criminal Court (ICC) on 17 July 1998. Its mandate is to assist the international community in the arduous task of closing the gap of impunity for the most heinous crimes, namely war crimes, crimes of aggression, genocide and crimes against humanity. For the first time in the history of humankind, States accepted the jurisdiction of a permanent international criminal court, for the prosecution of the perpetrators of the most serious crimes committed within their territories or by nationals after the entry into force of the Rome Statute on 1 July 2002. The ICC is an international organization, with distinct legal capacity. It is independent of the United Nations although it does act in close association with it. The ICC is not a substitute for national courts. The Rome Statute provides that it is still very much the duty of the State to exercise its jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes. The ICC can only intervene as a court of last resort where a State is unwilling or unable to carry out the investigation and prosecute the perpetrators within its own domestic courts and laws. It may only exercise jurisdiction over crimes committed on the territory of a State party or a national of such, the only exception to this is that the United Security Council can use its powers under the UN Charter to refer situations to the Prosecutor of the ICC. The ICC is therefore meant to compliment and support domestic criminal justice; this was reflected even in the drafting stages of the Statute whereby integration of a variety of national perspectives and judicial cultures from different countries was considered in order to ensure that the ICC did not depart from what is considered just within the domestic sphere. It may well be argued that the Rome Statute provides an opportunity to reinvigorate and reform criminal codes which may in the long term globally strengthen the rule of law, peace and security.
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Geneau, Geneviève. "L'évolution du cadre juridique relatif à la violence sexuelle commise à l'égard des femmes en droit international pénal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27040.
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Dans ce texte sera abordée l’évolution du cadre juridique relatif à la violence sexuelle commise à l’égard des femmes en droit international pénal. Une analyse juridique, adoptant une approche historique et féministe, sera développée à l’égard du traitement de la violence sexuelle commise à l’égard des femmes par les tribunaux pénaux internationaux suivants : le Tribunal militaire international de Nuremberg, le Tribunal militaire international de Tokyo, le Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie, le Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda ainsi que la Cour pénale internationale. Le développement du droit international humanitaire et du droit international des droits de la personne, à la suite de la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale, sera également analysé à cet égard. Il sera exposé que la violence sexuelle commise à l’égard des femmes a fait l’objet d’un silence historique, en droit international pénal, qui a persisté jusqu’à l’élaboration du Statut de Rome de la Cour pénale internationale. Ce dernier Statut est synonyme d’une évolution normative marquante, bien que plusieurs obstacles et défis soient encore à relever.In this text, the evolution of the legal framework relating to sexual violence against women in international criminal law will be discussed. A legal analysis adopting an historic and a feminist approach will be developed relating to the issue of sexual violence against women addressed by the following international criminal tribunals: International Military Tribunal of Nuremberg, International Military Tribunal of Tokyo, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Court. The development of international humanitarian law and international human rights law after the Second World War will be also examined in this regard. It will be explained that sexual violence against women, in international criminal law, has been subjected to an historic silence, which persisted until the elaboration of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. This Statute stands as a significant normative development even though obstacles and challenges still remain and need to be addressed.
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Papakonstantinou, Neféli. "Pratique déclamatoire et enjeux juridiques dans les Déclamations mineures du Pseudo-Quintilien : la codification du crimen raptus." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040207.
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Le présent travail constitue une tentative d’interpréter la manière dont le concept du viol émerge comme catégorie pénale, en partant de la réflexion menée par le Pseudo-Quintilien autour du raptus à la fin du Ier et au début du IIe siècle. Ce sont les mécanismes d’édification de la terminologie juridique qui prend en compte le contexte social, et plus concrètement, le degré d’élaboration conceptuelle auquel la jurisprudence sévérienne parviendra un siècle plus tard à l’égard de la qualification du raptus comme crimen vis. À la différence de ses prédécesseurs (déclamateurs et juristes), le Pseudo-Quintilien comprend sous la dénomination du raptus le commerce sexuel illicite (stuprum), commis avec violence (per vim), contre la volonté de la victime qui subit un préjudice corporel et psychique (iniuria). Le rhéteur aborde cette pratique illicite mais non pas encore illégale au stade pré-délictuel, et l’érige en un crimen, en l’inscrivant implicitement dans la procédure de vi publica, afin de dénoncer la tolérance sociale de la violence infligée à une vierge / épouse de condition libre à des fins sexuelles et / ou matrimoniales. En partant des Déclamations mineures qui portent sur le viol, et qui n’ont pas été étudiées de manière systématique comme preuve historique indirecte de la réalité du phénomène aux premiers siècles du Principat, nous examinons le raptus comme crime de violence (crimen vis), reposant sur le préjudice pour atteinte à l’intégrité physique et morale (iniuria) d’une vierge / épouse de condition libre. Faute de témoignages directs sur la réalité antique des femmes violées, nous déplaçons l’intérêt vers l’origine du processus culturel, qui caractérise la vie des citoyennes nubiles : le contexte de la formation de l’aristocratie masculine, qui crée les identités féminines en matière de viol. En faisant valoir la performance de la persona du Pseudo-Quintilien, nous proposons une interprétation du raptus, en conformité avec la perspective du genre, comme phénomène juridique et social, qui engage les relations entre sexes / statuts / classes, et qui influe sur la réalité sociale par son acte de direThe present work is an attempt to interpret the way in which the concept of rape emerges as a criminal category, starting from the reflection conducted by the Pseudo-Quintilian on the notion of raptus at the end of the 1st and the beginning of the 2nd century. It is a question of the mechanisms of building legal terminology which take into account the social context and, more concretely, that of the degree of conceptual elaboration to which the Roman jurisprudence under the Severan emperors will come a century later with regard to the qualification of the raptus as crimen vis. Unlike its predecessors (declaimers and jurists), Pseudo-Quintilian understands under the denomination of raptus the illicit sexual act (stuprum), committed with violence (per vim), against the will of the victim who suffers corporeal and moral injury (iniuria). Pseudo-Quintilian addresses this unlawful but not yet illegal practice at the pre-criminal stage, and sets it up as a crimen by implicitly inscribing it in the procedure of vi publica in order to denounce the social tolerance of violence inflicted on a virgin / wife of free status for sexual and / or matrimonial purposes. Starting from the Minor Declamations on rape, which have not been systematically studied as indirect historical evidence of the phenomenon in the first centuries of the Roman Empire, we examine raptus as a crime of violence (crimen vis), based on damage to the physical and moral integrity (iniuria) of a virgin / wife of free status. In the absence of direct testimony on the ancient reality of women who have been raped, we are shifting the interest in the origin of the cultural process which characterizes the life of nubile citizens, i.e. the educational context of Roman patricians which creates female identities with regard to rape. By emphasizing the performance of Pseudo-Quintilian’s persona, we propose a gendered interpretation of raptus as a legal and social phenomenon which engages relations between sexes / status / social classes, and which influences the social reality by its act of enunciation
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Ratip, Derya Eray. "The role of attachment in violent offending and violence in institutions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4157/.
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This thesis examines attachment style in an offending population, across different types of offender with a focus on violent offending and institutional violence. Chapter One presents a systematic review exploring attachment style and offending behaviour. 9 studies were included and identified that attachment theory is useful in understanding the internal process of the offender as they are more likely than non-offenders to have an insecure attachment. However, the focus was on sex offenders so the need for more research looking at different offender groups was highlighted. Chapter Two presents a study exploring attachment, anger and violence in 72 males detained in a high secure hospital. Statistically significant findings showed that the entire sample were more likely to have a dismissive attachment style, but sex offenders were more likely to be secure in attachment style compared to violent offenders. In addition, those with a secure style had lower anger temperament scores compared to those with an insecure style. Chapter Three presents a critique of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (Spielberger, 1999) as literature has previously linked anger with violence and the tool was used in the study. Identifying reliability, validity and limitations is likely to benefit future research and practice.
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Pettersson, Mailn. "ETHNIC HARASSMENT AND VIOLENCE : The Role of Ethnic Harassment on Violent Behavior Among Immigrant Youths." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35882.
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The present study aimed to: (1) examine whether experiencing ethnic harassment was related to violent behaviors among immigrant youths (2) identify the conditions that elevate ethnically harassed youth’s engagement in violent behaviors. Specifically, current study examined the moderating roles of youth’s ethnic identification, anger regulation, and impulsivity on the association between ethnic harassment and violent behaviors. Participants included 341 first- and second-generation immigrant youth (Mage= 14.11, SD =.93; 48 % girls) who were recruited from seven different schools in a mid-size Swedish city. Regression analyses was conducted to test whether ethnic harassment predicted violent behaviors over the course of one year after and whether youth’s ethnic identification, anger regulation and impulsive personality trait moderated the association between ethnic harassment and violent behaviors. Results showed that when immigrant youth were exposed to ethnic harassment, they were more likely to display violent behaviors one year later. In addition, the results suggested that immigrant youth who identified themselves with their heritage culture, i.e., high ethnic identification, were more at risk displaying violent behaviors in the case of ethnic harassment. Moreover, the results indicated that anger regulation and impulsive personality trait did not moderate the relationship between ethnic harassment and violence.
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Ménard, Hélène. "L'ordre public dans l'Occident romain : violences et désordres populaires en milieu urbain (IIème -IVème siècles ap. J.-C.)." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040045.
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La gestion des désordres collectifs en milieu urbain (du convicium et de la rixe, à la seditio) est d'abord du ressort des responsables municipaux. Le cas de Rome montre l'importance de la vicinitas, ainsi que de la préfecture de la Ville. Mais, en dernier ressort, c'est l'empereur qui est le garant de l'ordre public. Il intervient soit directement, soit par des instructions aux fonctionnaires impériaux. Les mouvements collectifs ont des motivations multiples : si les préoccupations matérielles sont primordiales, le souci de la justice, et, plus généralement, d'une bonne administration, est important. Les tensions entre communautés, se revendiquant de croyances différentes, mettent, dès le IIème siècle, les chrétiens au cœur des problèmes d'ordre public. Au IVème siècle, les luttes pour la maîtrise de l'espace urbain et l'encadrement de la population font de l'évêque une figure centrale de la gestion de l'ordre publicThe control of collective violence in the urban environment (from convicium and brawling to seditio) was chiefly the responsibility of the municipal administrators. The importance of vicinitas as well as of the urban prefecture can clearly be seen from the case of Rome. In the last resort, though, it was the Emperor who was the guarantor of public order. He intervened either directly or by giving orders to imperial officials. Collective movements may be motivated by a whole range of factors : material concerns may be paramount, but also important in the desire for justice and good administration. Tensions between different belief communities put Christians right at the heart of public order problems from the 2nd century onwards. In the 4th century, struggles for control of the urban space and providing the people with a legal and moral structure made the bishop a key figure in the management of public order
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Lee, Ria J. Heilbrun Kirk. "Imagined versus actual violence: the role of cognitions in predicting violence risk /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/366.
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MORRISON, EILEEN FRANCES. "THE TESTING OF INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURE RULES, ROLE INCOMPETENCE AND VIOLENCE IN PSYCHIATRIC INPATIENTS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183965.
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The purpose of this study was to test research instruments to measure social and therapeutic rules, role incompetence and violence in hospitalized psychiatric patients. Instruments were tested to measure the specific concepts of: the Discrepant Interpretation of the Therapeutic Rules (GTRS and PTRSI), the Inconsistent Enforcement of the Social Rules (SRSI), the patients' Inability to Adhere to the Therapeutic Rules (PTRSII), the patients' Inability to Adhere to the Social Rules (SRSII) and Violence (VS). The study used a descriptive correlational design. The nursing staff sample consisted of 57 nursing staff working in nine clinical psychiatric units of four local hospitals. The nursing staff sample completed research ratings on 162 patient subjects hospitalized on the units. The data were analyzed for estimations of the psychometric properties of the research instruments. The theory was estimated using correlational and multiple regression techniques. The results indicated that with the exception of the General Therapeutic Rule Scale, the instruments had strong evidence of reliability and validity. The General Therapeutic Rule Scale had limited evidence of reliability and validity. The theoretical model testing indicated that three of the predicted theoretical relationships were supported. The expanded empirical model testing indicated three additional relationships. The amount of variance in violence explained by the expanded empirical model was R² = 18%. The major findings of this study were: (a) the social rules were more important than the therapeutic rules in predicting violence, (b) contrary to the literature, personal patient variables such as, age, sex, and diagnosis did not contribute to violence in the hospital setting, (c) a patient history of violence outside the hospital contributed to the patients' inability to adhere to the rules, (d) a direct relationship existed between the therapeutic and social rules, (e) the subdimensions of violence against self, others and property may be theoretically distinct dimensions of violence, and (f) the relationship of violence and other variables may be curvilinear.
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Fitzmaurice, Elizabeth. "The role of empathy in family violence." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6334/.
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This thesis explores the role of empathy in family violence, specifically child maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV). Chapter 1 introduces the construct of empathy, its development and relevance to violence. Chapter 2 then explores the relationship between empathy and CM in a systematic literature review of 17 studies. Results found that maltreating parents demonstrate significantly lower empathic capacity and that this relationship is stronger for cognitive than affective empathy. Chapter 3 presents a critical analysis of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1980) demonstrating that the measure has good reliability, validity and a range of normative data. Limitations of the measure include the validity of the Fantasy subscale and it being a questionnaire-based assessment. Chapter 4 presents a research report exploring the presence of empathy and emotional recognition skills in IPV (n=30), violent (n=20) and non-violent (n=20) offenders. Results found that IPV participants were more likely than NV offenders to interpret fearful faces as sad. Only the IRI personal distress scale (PD) showed a significant relationship with emotion recognition. The thesis conclusions are presented in Chapter 5 which identifies that empathy plays a role in family violence, although its influence in CM and IPV appears to be different.
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Gabler, Łukasz. "Men against violence. Analysis of social awareness campaigns in Poland." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-125533.
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This thesis addresses gender, masculinities and intimate partner violence in Poland. More specifically, the aim of this study is to problematize how masculinities are represented in Polish anti-violence social campaigns. Intimate partner violence is one of the most common forms of violence against women and is a major problem that affects both men and women in Poland. The study approaches violence from a feminist position, and considers men's violence to be an important element constructing masculinities. In the study, social campaigns are considered as policies which have a great potential to influence existing masculinities types and to introduce new, non-violent models of being a man. With the use of Bacchi`s “What`s the problem represented to be?” method and an intersectional perspective on gender and masculinities, Polish anti-violence campaigns are analysed to find out if they reproduce and/or challenge any social assumptions regarding men`s violence. The study found that even though campaigns challenged some of the existing masculinities types, they also referred to existing discourses of men as protectors, providers and fighters. Final conclusions underline the need for awareness social campaigns directed towards men and with men as role models. Refraining from the use of masculinities connected with heroism and dominance, aggression and violence is recommended.
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Kaul, Sharika. "Sexual Violence Against Women in India: The Role of Public Policy and Social Media in the Persistence of Sexually Violent Crimes." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/739.
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Following the 2012 gang-rape of a 23-year-old paramedic student in New Delhi, India's rape culture received unprecedented global attention. The Central Government sought to reduce the incidence of sexually violent crimes against Indian women by implementing policy changes. However, crimes against women and reported rapes have continued to rise. This paper seeks to explain the persistence of sexually violent crimes in India by arguing that contemporary public policies and the dominating presence of men's rights organizations on social media platforms have reproduced rapability in unique and dangerous ways.
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York, Melinda Roberts. "Violence against women the dynamics associated with traditional gender attitudes and social capital /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2009/m_york_070809.pdf.
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Conrath, Julia Annika. "COMPROMISING EFFECTS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE ON COLLEGE WOMEN'S HEALTH PROMOTING BEHAVIORS." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/372.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the negative effects of intimate partner violence on college women's health promoting behaviors such as physical exercise. Data were collected from 375 college women and 122 male students at a large Midwestern university. Examination of demographic variables and other background factors in both the female and male sample suggested that instances of intimate partner violence frequently occurred in this college student population. Tests of structural equation models with data from the female sample revealed that women's sense of agency and perceived levels of stress fully mediated the relationship between intimate partner violence and women's engagement in physical exercise. Women's gender role attitudes further predicted participation in physical exercise; however, gender role attitudes were not significantly related to other variables in the model. Findings are indicative of the widespread effects of intimate partner violence on positive behaviors as well as negative health behaviors that have been the focus of previous research. The conceptual, empirical, and clinical needs to address and facilitate women's engagement in health promoting behaviors are discussed. High rates of intimate partner violence among college students call for outreach and preventive measures on college campuses. Systemic issues of male to female intimate partner violence are addressed as well as the necessity of culturally sensitive research in this area of investigation.
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Stayton, Laura Elise. "Traditional Masculine Ideologies as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Witnessing Violence in Childhood and Intimate Partner Violence Relationships." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1340030848.
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King, Mark D. "Moral violence Levinas and the limits of role morality /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3232569.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Religious Studies, 2006."Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 9, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: A, page: 3021. Adviser: Richard B. Miller.
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CASADO, CATIA DA SILVA VELOSO FERNANDEZ. "FAMILY, VIOLENCE AND JUSTICE: THE ROLE OF THE PSICOLOGHY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19584@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOO presente trabalho partiu do desejo de refletir sobre a minha experiência no espaço do Judiciário desde 2005 com crianças e adolescentes submetidas a diversas formas de violência familiar, que suscita questionamentos sobre a prática profissional e as formas de lidar no cotidiano com os encaminhamentos para atendimentos em busca de garantias, prevenção, e solução de casos envolvendo negligência, maus-tratos, abuso sexual e outras formas de violência. Alguns autores da Psicanálise como Freud, Ferenczi e Winnicott, além de autores contemporâneos que pesquisam a família e suas antigas e novas configurações e as formas de violência intrafamiliar e suas repercussões na vida de crianças e adolescentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro embasaram o percurso teórico. No que se refere à prática, buscando refletir sobre as formas de relacionamento dos pais/responsáveis com seus filhos, assim como apontar para a possibilidade de desenvolver novas formas deles vivenciarem estas relações, são apresentadas algumas vinhetas tiradas de casos atendidos com o intuito de ilustrar o que entendemos ser uma forma do psicólogo atuar na área do judiciário.
This paper is a reflection on my experience within the Judiciary since 2005 with children and adolescents subjected to various forms of family violence, starting from questions about the practice and ways of dealing with the everyday demands for care, prevention, and resolution of cases involving neglect, abuse, sexual abuse and other forms of violence. Some authors of psychoanalysis as Freud, Ferenczi and Winnicott, as well as contemporary researchers in the field of family violence and its impact on the lives of children and adolescents in the city of Rio de Janeiro provided the basis for theoretical approach. With regard to the practice, some fragments taken from cases are presented in order to illustrate what we understand to be a form of psychological work in the field of the Judiciary, trying to reflect on ways of relationship between parents / guardians and their children, as well as pointing to the possibility of developing new ways of experiencing these relations .
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Arrowood, Renee Grace. "School violence and the role of the school psychologist." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000arrowoodr.pdf.
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Arrowood, Renee Grace. "School violence and the role of the school psychologist." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002arrowoodr.pdf.
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Woodyard, Arielle Chieko. "The Lived Experiences of Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7523.
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This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of male victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Few studies exist about the experiences of men who are victims of female-perpetrated IPV and there are not many studies about these men's experiences in seeking and receiving psychological help. Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Peck's gender role strain paradigm guided this study to understand victimology and perceptions of gender roles. Research questions attempted to understand the lived experiences of male IPV victims of female-perpetrated IPV, accessing supportive and psychological services, and their experiences of these services. Seven male individuals were recruited through flyers in community centers, law enforcement agencies, and social media sites; 5 participants were interviewed via Skype and 2 responded via e-mail. Data from interviews were analyzed and coded following an interpretative phenomenological method. Five themes were identified from 2 research questions including: male victimization is seen as less severe than female victimization, family is not easy to talk to about experience, therapy and hospitalization were used, law enforcement officers are biased, and mental health workers are routine. Findings were evaluated with existing literature and suggestions are made for help-seeking option accessibility for male victims. This study promotes social change by discussing how supporting survivors may decrease negative gender roles and social norms while promoting the betterment of professionals who work with male victims. Victim-centered services, patient-centered approaches, and treatment and support for survivors of IPV will help to improve awareness about male victims in society while offering insight to decrease negative stigma.
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Hudepohl, Adam David. "Determinants of Group Perpetrated Violence Based on Sexual Orientation." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/56.
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The purpose of this study was to examine group perpetrated antigay violence. Specifically, the effects of MGRS, peer dynamics, and increases in negative affect on antigay aggression were examined. The differential utility of aggression toward gay and heterosexual targets in relieving a state of negative affect (e.g., anger, fear) was also evaluated. Participants completed questionnaires that included a measure of MGRS, and then were assigned to one of three group conditions(individual, stranger, and friend). Participants then viewed a video depicting male-male intimacy and competed in the TAP against either a fictitious gay or heterosexual opponent. Results showed a main effect for condition, such that higher levels of aggression were observed in the group, relative to the individual, conditions. Analyses also revealed a significant positive relation between MGRS and aggression among participants competing with a stranger against a heterosexual opponent. Neither condition nor opponent differentially predicted changes in negative affect.
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Dewell, John A. "Growing up with violence: Examining the role of moral development in mediating the effects of community violence exposure." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593092081.
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Kidder, Sylvia Marie Ferguson. "Gendered Partner-Ideals, Relationship Satisfaction, and Intimate Partner Violence." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4513.
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This dissertation identified and developed indicators of a new potential predictor of relationship satisfaction and intimate partner violence (IPV): discrepancies between the ideal and perceived gendered characteristics of romantic partners. Past research has overlooked the implicitly gendered nature of these "partner-ideals." Two pilot studies were conducted to develop measures of gendered partner-ideals and -perceptions based on existing measures of gender ideology.
The main study examined survey data collected online from adults (n = 643) living in the U.S. who were in a heterosexual romantic relationship for at least six months. Three main hypotheses were tested regarding the associations among gender ideology, gendered partner-ideals, gendered partner-perceptions, gendered partner-ideal discrepancies, relationship satisfaction, and experiences with IPV.
While confirmatory factor analyses supported the reliability of the new measures of masculine-ideals and -perceptions, results did not support the hypothesized factor structure of the feminine measures. Thus, only hypotheses utilizing women's data were tested. This measurement limitation resulted in an unanticipated focus on women's IPV perpetration for Hypothesis Two. However, these data are valuable in their uniqueness.
Hypothesis One was supported: women's masculinity ideology positively correlated with the corresponding masculine-ideal for each subscale of the respective measures as well as for the aggregate measures. Tests of Hypothesis Two showed that women's masculine-ideal discrepancies predicted their emotional abuse perpetration, but not their physical assault or injury perpetration, mediated by relationship satisfaction. However, this effect was small. Hypothesis Three had mixed support. Women's aggregate masculine-partner perceptions were positively associated with their reports of emotional abuse victimization. Additionally, women's reports of most types of IPV victimization positively correlated with perceptions of their male partners' conformity to the specific norms of negativity toward sexual minorities and restrictive emotionality.
Contributions of this dissertation and implications of the results are discussed. A major contribution is the creation of masculine-ideals and -perceptions measures that can be used in future research on relationships. Study results suggest that gendered partner-ideals and -perceptions, beyond gender-ideology, have relevance to the functioning of romantic relationships--including both relationship satisfaction and some kinds of IPV. Future research should continue to investigate the validity of the created measures and explore the possibility of using discrepancies between gendered partner-ideals and -perceptions to prevent and intervene in abusive romantic relationships.
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Galvani, Sarah. "Women's perspectives : the role of alcohol in violence against women." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8305.
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The primary objective of this research was to understand what role women thought alcohol played in their partners' violence to them, from the perspective of women who experienced violence from men partners. It aimed to: 1) question whether women blamed alcohol for their partners' violence, as anecdotal claims suggest, 2) establish whether the women made allowances for their partners' violence because of their partners' drinking, 3) determine the extent to which the women believed alcohol played a key role in such violence, 4) explore any differences in the women's beliefs about alcohol's role in violence when it was directed at others, and when it was directed at them, 5) develop theory, grounded in the women's views, that offers an explanation for alcohol's role in the violence they experienced. In order to meet these aims, in-depth, semi-structured, interviews were conducted with 20 women who suffered violence or abuse from their partners. Due to the subject of this research and the absence of women's views in research on this subject, a grounded theory approach was used, located within a feminist research framework. In addition, the women completed a supplementary checklist relating to their alcohol use and their violent and abusive experiences. The key findings include the women's beliefs that: 1) alcohol has an impact on behaviour, often seen in extremes of behaviour, 2) alcohol's role in violence depends on many factors, 3) alcohol is not responsible for their partners' violence and, 4) they would not forgive their partners more easily if they were violent after drinking. The quantitative data demonstrated a significant increase in physical violence after their partners had been drinking. The main conclusion of this study is that while the women accept that alcohol has disinhibiting effects, they do not blame alcohol for their partners' violence and abuse. They hold their partners responsible for their behaviour regardless of the alcohol consumed.
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Stonard, K. E. "The role of technology in adolescent dating violence and abuse." Thesis, Coventry University, 2016. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/0fa138d1-e3c7-40a8-85e8-06ad43adc241/1.
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The present research was undertaken to examine the role of Electronic Communication Technology (ECT) in Adolescent Dating Violence and Abuse (ADVA) or what has been termed Technology-Assisted Adolescent Dating Violence and Abuse (TAADVA) and potential correlates using a quantitative research design. This is the first detailed study of TAADVA that has been conducted with British adolescents in the United Kingdom (UK). A new set of questions to explore TAADVA was developed and piloted with adolescents using a robust framework. Adolescents (n = 469; 52% (n = 245) female; 59% (n = 277) who had past year dating relationship experience) aged 12-18 years recruited from secondary schools, youth clubs and via snowballing methods, completed a battery of questionnaires regarding their personal experience of TAADVA, physical and controlling ADVA, friend experience of ADVA and TAADVA, attachment style, relationship experience, and relationship closeness. It was found that TAADVA was prevalent (73% for victimisation and 50% for instigation across 12 types of behaviour) and was experienced via a range of ECT methods, often encompassing multiple behaviours. Although there was some overlap between ADVA and TAADVA, TAADVA was more prevalent than ADVA. Additionally, it was found that ECT appears to create new victims and/or instigators of TAADVA only as around two-thirds of adolescents who experienced TAADVA did not also experience ADVA offline. Adolescents reported experiences of TAADVA (and ADVA) victimisation and instigation. Females however, reported more sexual TAADVA victimisation (i.e. sexting pressure) and victimisation-only experiences of sexual TAADVA than did males. Females involved in TAADVA and ADVA reported having more friends with dating violence experience (as either victims or instigators). In contrast, only males who reported ADVA involvement reported having more friends who instigated dating violence. Avoidant attachment independently predicted TAADVA involvement for males, and further analysis revealed that TAADVA involved males reported higher avoidant attachment to a mother and friend than those not involved in TAADVA. Females involved in TAADVA reported higher avoidant attachment to a mother and father and this was also the case for ADVA in terms of anxious attachment. Furthermore, avoidant attachment to mother mediated the relationship between friend historical dating violence (victimisation and instigation) and self-reported TAADVA for females. Moreover, paternal anxious attachment mediated the relationship between friend current dating violence instigation and self-reported ADVA for females. Implications of the findings are discussed and recommendations are made for future policy, practice and research.
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Gray, Lorraine. "Perceived Gender Role Conflict and Violence: Mexican American Gang Members." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1440772642.
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Hathcock, James A. "The Role of Violence in Hunt County, Texas, during Reconstruction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4659/.
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The post Civil War period known as Reconstruction remains a topic of interest for historians. Having avoided the experience of invasion by Northern troops during the Civil War, the people living in the interior of the state of Texas accepted Confederate defeat at first. However, with the instituting of Northern efforts at Reconstruction, such as the installation of Republican interim government officials, the arrival of Freedmen's Bureau agents, and in some parts the stationing of federal troops, conservative whites throughout the state became defiant toward the federal government and its policies. Some white southerners even went so far as to take up arms and become embroiled in open conflict with the federal government and its local institutions. As a result, Unionist whites and freedmen found themselves to be the targets of groups of desperados committed to upholding the Southern Cause and ensuring the return of the conservative Democratic party to power in Texas politics. This study focuses on Hunt County from the years 1860 - 1873 to determine to what extent violence played a role in the era of Reconstruction. An analysis of data primarily from county, state, and federal records forms the basis of this study. The information obtained through research suggests that violence played a major role in Hunt County during Reconstruction as a political weapon used to eradicate Republican institutions and efforts.
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Anderson, Brandon. "School violence and the effect on the guidance counselor's role." Online version, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004andersonb.pdf.
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Dahlbäck, Anna Maria. "Intimate partner violence and the role of the health caresystem." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-81518.
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IntroductionHealth care is important for identifying IPV (intimate partner violence). Screening variesbetween clinics. By supporting the victim, chances for cooperation in the investigationincreases and thus the conviction rate. Health care needs to identify and support IPV victimswhen reporting crimes.AimThe overall aim of this study was twofold; first to examine to what extent Swedish health carefacilities screen for IPV, and second to investigate the relations between cooperation in thecriminal investigation and conviction rate.MethodThis was a pilot study. First national, regional and local health care facilities and agencieswere approached by conducting telephone interviews. Second, data from a longitudinal studyon policing IPV were used to be able to compare conviction rate if the victim participated inthe legal process or not.ResultsOut of five organisations, only one agency had statistics of routinely screening for IPV,provided statistics for maternal care. Where the screening rate was 90%. In the longitudinalstudy including 564 perpetrators, we found that if the victim cooperated in the investigation, itwas twice as likely (Odds Ratio=2.66) that the perpetrator was convicted for the crime.ConclusionHealth care is important for identifying IPV in order to support victims to report crimes to thepolice, although only the maternal care screens for it routinely. More hospitals and differentunits need to insert routines to screen for IPV. By doing so, the women will get more supportin the legal process, which could increase the chance of conviction.
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Sedorkin, Barbara. "The social construction of the wife beater /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ars449.pdf.
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Silvera, Ginger. "Can Representativeness Decrease Youth Violence in Juvenile Detention Facilities?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/67.
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Using the theory on Representative Bureaucracy, this study considers the minority representative role, which suggests that administrators who are minorities are more inclined to represent minority interests. This study examined whether officers perceive themselves as advocates based on shared demographics and whether they develop attitudes toward reducing youth violence. Considerably more researchers conduct studies in adult prisons than juvenile correctional facilities, which focus on rehabilitation for youth. Therefore, this study further examines youth correctional staff attitudes toward inmates. The way correctional officers' treat minors may impact the amount of violence in juvenile detention facilities.
The purposes of the study are to determine whether bureaucratic representation can have an impact on preventing violence, and to understand what factors lead officers in perceiving they have different roles. The two types of bureaucratic representation are passive and active. Passive representation, such as race, ethnicity, and gender, may shape role perceptions because attitudes are constructed by demographic characteristics. Active representation consists of decision-making behavior reflected in measurable policy outputs that are responsive to minority interests. This dissertation seeks to determine whether minority officers perceive themselves in passive or active terms, and how that representation relates to their particular strategies for dealing with youth violence.
To determine how officers perceive themselves, this study incorporated mixed methods of both qualitative and quantitative research to examine how officers implement decisions in their positions. This study uses survey research from the Performance Based Standards from the U.S. Department of Justice and interviews with individuals who worked with inmates in California juvenile detention facilities to determine the relationship between minority officers and attitudes toward youth violence. Regression models, including year, were conducted for each hypothesis as a predictor in the model. Multiple regression analysis was used to demonstrate the relationship between independent variables and a single dependent variable. The data have information on facilities as well as staff and inmates within those facilities. Due to the nested nature of the data, multilevel regression models were also conducted when examining outcomes measured at the staff and inmate level.
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Hammouda-Ammari, Hajer. "Violence du langage, langage de la violence : étude comparée chez quatre cinéastes italiens : Rossellini, De Sica, Visconti, Pasolini." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030056.
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L’œuvre cinématographique de Rossellini, Visconti, De Sica et Pasolini est si riche, si diversifiée, toujours poignante par la virulence des thèmes qu’elle traite et qui s’inscrivent au cœur même de la réalité. Les outils privilégiés de ces cinéastes italiens pour capter cette réalité dans sa nudité et dans son extrême violence sont : la « parole » poétique et authentique, dialectale ou argotique, dont le sens est souvent inconnu ou difficile à décrypter, la gestuelle naturelle des corps et les mimiques des visages dont les personnages sont dotés, ensemble de signes recueillis grâce à une caméra omniprésente. Le tout est restitué par le biais d’« images » qui, traversées par des pointes de picturalité et de sculpturalité chez Visconti et Pasolini, captées avec poésie et vibration dans l’art de Rossellini et De Sica, là où surgit le tragique, donnent à la réalité un sens fort symbolique : celui de la palpitation du vivant. En partant de Roma città aperta, Sciuscià, La terra trema et Accattone, cette recherche s’attache à cerner le langage verbal et le langage non verbal de la violence contenus dans ces films. Elle consiste en premier lieu à aborder la question de la langue en l’identifiant puis en approfondissant ses aspects pragmatique et lexical qui reflètent le mécanisme de la violence, à explorer le langage mimogestuel qui, combiné au langage visuel adopté par chaque cinéaste, parvient à nous restituer la part violente du réel. Cette recherche nous enseigne comment la diversité des styles mène à l’unicité de l’objectif : celui d’atteindre la violenceThe cinematographic work of Rossellini, Visconti, De Sica and Pasolini is of an important abundance, so diversified, always characterized by the virulence of the topics treated, that are inspired by the reality. The privileged material of these Italian moviemakers to register this reality in its nudity and its extreme violence are : the poetic and authentic, dialectal or slang “word”, which sense is often unknown or difficult to decipher, the natural gesture and expression of the faces offered by interprets, signs collected thanks to an omnipresent camera. The whole is restored through “images” which, picked up with pictural and sculptural styles in Pasolini and Visconti’s films, collected with poetry and vibration in the art of Rossellini and De Sica, where the tragedy emerges, give to the reality a very symbolic meaning : the palpitation of life. Starting with the analysis of Roma città aperta, Sciuscà, La terra trema and Accattone, this work attempts to determine both the verbal language and the non verbal language of the violence contained in these films. It consists first on tackling the question of the language by identifying it, then by looking further into its pragmatic and lexical aspects which reflect the mechanism of violence, to explore the gestural language which, combined with the visual language adopted by each moviemaker, manage to reproduce faithfully the violent part of reality. This research shows us how the diversity of styles carries out to a unique objective : reaching the violence
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Clark, Sharon Llewellyn. "Factors related to school violence victimization: The role of extracurricular activities." THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, 2012. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3494017.
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Hunter, Kareema A. "Prevention of Adolescent Interpersonal Violence Victimization: The Role of Sports Participation." restricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12062007-174139/.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Ike Okosun, committee chair; Volkan Topalli, Rita Noonan, committee members. Electronic text (53 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Mar. 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-52).
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Murray, Jennifer. "Influencing clinical judgement : the role of attribution in violence risk assessment." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547438.
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Arredondo, Lizett. "Violence in Contemporary Mexico and the Role of the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/857.
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This thesis examines the current state of violence in Mexico that is largely attributed to drug cartel violence. In addition to noting the role of organized crime in Mexico, I include the role the United States has played in the drug industry and the increase of drug-related violence in Mexico. I analyze the implications of US gun laws and the involvement of the DEA in Mexico, along with the efficacy of such measures like NAFTA and the Mérida Initiative.
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Pretorius, Cornell Willem. "The contributing role of some circumstantial factors in fueling family violence." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51952.
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Thesis (MA) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine whether any relationship existed between identified circumstantial factors about the living conditions of black families and specific conflict tactics employed by them in an informal settlement in the Helderberg basin. The research hypothesis is founded on crime statistics for the past five years for the Helderberg basin that have shown a generally higher crime incidence/reporting rate for informal and low cost-housing compared to more affluent areas in the basin (CIAC, 2000). The purpose of exploring the existence of such a relationship was to highlight particular circumstantial factors, assisting decision makers at local government to intervene more effectively in terms of funds and resources to ensure safer community. A semi-structured questionnaire, developed by the author, was used to determine the presence of circumstantial factors in this community; the Conflict Tactic Scales, (CTS), developed by Straus (1979), served as the measure to assess the predominant conflict tactics employed by families in Nomzamo, an informal settlement in the Helderberg basin. Fifty families (2 members per family) participated in the study with one condition that one of the members should be a child between the ages of 12 and 17. The only significant relationship that was obtained was between the circumstantial factorlevel of education, and the conflict tactic-physical assault between spouses, which highlights the fact that continued education raises ones' awareness and empowers one to speak out against violence in the home. Possible reasons were offered, given that no other significant trends could be determined in the study and recommendations for future research in this field are made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om vas the stelof daar enigsins 'n verband bestaan tussen bepaalde omgewingsfaktore verwant aan die lewensomstandighede van swart gesinne in 'n informele nedersetting in the Helderberg-kom en spesifieke konflik strategieë deur hulle gebruik. Die navorsing hipotese spruit voort uit misdaad statistiek oor die afgelope vyf jaar vir die Helderberg-kom, wat oor die algemeen 'n hoë misdaadaanmeldingsyfer vertoon vir informele en lae-koste behuising areas in vergeleke met meer gegoede areas in die kom (CIAC, 2000). Die bepaling of daar wel 'n verband bestaan, het ten doelom besluitmakers binne plaaslike owerhede te assisteer om fondse tot hul beskikking, meer effektief aan te wend om misdaad verder te bekamp en die gemeenskap te beveilig. Die bepaling van die teenwoordigheid van omgewingsfaktore binne die gemeenskap, is gedoen deur middel van 'n semi-gestruktureerde vraelys wat deur die skrywer ontwikkel is; om vas te stel welke konflik strategieë meerendeels deur gesinne gebruik word in dié informele nedersetting, is gebruik gemaak van die Conflict Tactic Scales (CTS) soos ontwikkel deur Straus (1979). Vyftig gesinne (twee lede per gesin) het deelgeneem aan die studie met die voorwaarde dat een van die lede van die gesin 'n adolessent tussen 12 en 17 moes wees. Die enigste beduidenswaardige verband wat verkry is, was tussen die omgewingsfaktor - opvoedingspeil, en die konflik strategie - fisiese aanranding tussen eggenote. Dit dui daarop dat met toenemende onderrig, verhoog 'n mens se gewaarwordig en word 'n mens bemagtig om 'n standpunt in te neem teen geweld in die huis. Sekere redes word aangevoer gegee die feit dat geen ander beduidende verbande voortgespruit het uit die studie nie en voorstelle vir verder navorsing in dié veld word gegee.
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Warwick, Margaret. "Children, domestic violence and the role of schools : an exploratory study." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/24bf50d0-f8cd-4111-bcde-144e04ec46f4.
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Dick, Gary Lee. "The role of paternal involvement in male violence against female intimates." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1301942315.
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Gulledge, Laura Marie. "The Role of Gender in Self-Control and Intimate Partner Violence." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6246.
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This study focuses on the interrelationships between gender, self-control and intimate partner violence (IPV). The sample consists of 960 undergraduate and graduate university students who are currently in a dating relationship. A series of bivariate and multivariate analyses are used to: 1) determine if self-control and IPV vary across gender and 2) assess the effect of gender on the relationship between self-control and IPV. Overall, results provide partial support for Gottfredson and Hirschi’s (1990) general theory of crime. Self-control operated similarly on IPV for both males and females, supporting the gender-neutrality of their theory. However, the gender gap in crime, as it relates to self-control, remains in question as females were more likely than males to commit more types of IPV. The implications of these findings, limitations of the current study, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Farzan-Kashani, Julian. "The Role of Mindfulness and Angry Rumination in Intimate Partner Violence." Thesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10846842.
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Researchers have identified that angry rumination may mediate the association between mindfulness and aggression. The current investigation aims to replicate and extend prior work by including a clinical sample of partner-violent men and by focusing on intimate partner violence rather than aggression aimed at an unspecified other. This investigation tested the hypothesis that angry rumination would mediate the association between mindfulness and two forms of intimate partner violence: emotional abuse and physical assault. Study 1 consisted of 237 undergraduate students (74.68% identified as women, 24.89% men, and 0.42% other; 1.69% identified as American Indian/Alaskan Native, 34.18% Asian-American, 19.41% Black/African-American, 11.39% Hispanic/Latino, 1.27% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 37.13% White/European-American, 6.75% Other; Mage = 21.18) and Study 2 consisted of 132 men (0.69% identified as American Indian/Alaskan Native, 3.37% Asian, 34.03% Black/African-American, 12.50% Hispanic/Latino, 0% Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian, 32.64% White/Caucasian, 4.86% other, 4.17% multiethnic/multiracial; Mage = 35.98) who attended a community-based treatment program for the perpetration of IPV and completed measures prior to treatment. Angry rumination mediated the association between mindfulness and emotional abuse in both samples, but angry rumination did not mediate the (proposed) association between mindfulness and physical assault in either sample. It is notable that mindfulness was significantly associated with physical assault in the clinical sample, but that it was not significantly associated with physical assault in the undergraduate sample. Analyses continued to indicate that angry rumination statistically mediated the association between mindfulness and emotional abuse above and beyond demographic control variables in each sample. Analyses also continued to indicate that angry rumination did not statistically mediate the proposed association between mindfulness and physical assault above and beyond demographic control variables in either sample. Findings support recent efforts to tailor mindfulness-based interventions to target emotional abuse and highlight the importance of further investigating angry rumination and mindfulness in the context of IPV.
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Clark, Sharon Llewellyn. "Factors related to school violence victimization: the role of extracurricular activities." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2687.
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The purpose of the current study was to determine if there are potential mediating factors to a student being victimized by school violence. Results from 5,409 middle school and high school student participants who completed the 2007 School Crime Supplement of the National Crime Victimization Survey, a nationally collected survey on victimization, were used to determine if there was a relationship between student victimization and extracurricular activity involvement. Specifically, the questions about victimization (bullying), extracurricular activity involvement, a relationship with an adult at school, and a relationship with a friend were used. Seven specific types of extracurricular activities (athletic teams, spirit groups, performing arts groups, academic clubs, student government, community service/volunteer clubs, and other) were examined to determine if a specific type of extracurricular activity might be related to lower victimization scores. Relationships with an adult and a peer were examined in association with a student's involvement in extracurricular activities. Reported victimization status was also explored in connection with the student's relationships with an adult and peer.
The results of this study indicate statistically significant relations among many of the variables above. However, the large sample size was the reason for the significant findings. The results indicate that protecting a student from victimization may not be a benefit of extracurricular involvement; however, extracurricular activities may be a useful tool to connect students to friends and caring adults at school.
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Ibbotson, Ashley Kennedy. "The Role of Childhood Trauma and Methamphetamine-Induced Violence in Women." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1313.
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Victims of childhood trauma are vulnerable to substance abuse due to their inability to develop coping skills following trauma, which can lead to criminal and violent behavior. Guided by the ecodevelopmental theory, this phenomenological study attempted to relate the perceived experiences of violent behaviors as a result of methamphetamine use in women to the types of childhood trauma the women experienced. Fourteen women were recruited using purposive sampling in collaboration with the South Brunswick Counseling Center, based on inclusion criteria that included being over the age of 18; having abstained from methamphetamine use for at least a year; having experienced a childhood trauma including physical, sexual, emotional/verbal abuse or neglect; and having perpetrated violence against others as an adult while under the influence of methamphetamine. Data were analyzed using Moustakas' qualitative analysis method and revealed 5 themes: unresolved anger over childhood trauma, 'roller coaster of emotions,' lack of coping resources, initial negative influences, and therapist influence. The participants confirmed previous research findings that unresolved anger over past childhood trauma is the main consequence associated with methamphetamine-induced violence. The study impacts social change by adding to the body of knowledge regarding the shared experiences of these women between childhood trauma and methamphetamine-induced violence. These findings could aid in the development of community-based prevention and intervention programs for victims of childhood trauma, mental health professionals establishing evidence-based interventions, and victims' parents, who are susceptible to substance abuse and resulting violence.