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Academic literature on the topic 'Violence Rome'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Violence Rome"

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Hunt, John M. "Carriages, Violence, and Masculinity in Early Modern Rome." I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance 17, no. 1 (March 2014): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675768.

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Murphy, Gillian. "Rome Scholarships: Monastic violence in the medieval period." Papers of the British School at Rome 70 (November 2002): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200002269.

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Johner, Anita. "Rome, la violence et le sacré: les doubles fondateurs." Euphrosyne 19 (January 1991): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.euphr.5.126463.

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Lukin, Annabelle. "How international war law makes violence legal." Language, Context and Text 2, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00022.luk.

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Abstract Some international law scholars have argued that international war law, rather than proscribing violence in war, has instead been a vehicle for its legitimation. Given that laws are constituted in and through language, this paper explores this paradox through register analysis of the text of the Rome Statute, an international treaty adopted in 1998 which established the International Criminal Court to prosecute the crimes of “genocide”, “crimes against humanity”, “war crimes” and “crimes of aggression”. The parameters of field, tenor and mode are considered in conjunction with a brief account of linguistic features of Article 8 of the Rome Statute, which defines the scope of the term “war crimes”. The linguistic patterns provide evidence that the Rome Statute simultaneously outlaws some acts of violence while affording legal cover for others, despite their well-known devastating human consequences. The analysis provides linguistic evidence for Malešević’s (2010) claim that at the heart of modernity lies an “ontological dissonance”, through which we criminalise some forms of violence while legitimating others.
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Lutz, Brenda J., and James M. Lutz. "Political Violence in the Republic of Rome: Nothing New under the Sun." Government and Opposition 41, no. 4 (2006): 491–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2006.00201.x.

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AbstractAt various times the Roman Republic faced outbreaks of domestic political violence, including riots and intimidation, assassinations and conspiracies to overthrow the government. Violence was particularly noticeable in the Early Republic and the Late Republic. These activities were quite similar to the terrorism and violence used by mobs and groups during the French Revolution and the tactics of fascists and leftists in Europe in the 1920s or 1930s. More accurately, the actions of mobs and others during the French Revolution and leftists and fascists in Europe were very similar to the techniques used in the Roman political system in the last five centuries BCE.
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LEE-STECUM, PARSHIA. "DANGEROUS REPUTATIONS: CHARIOTEERS AND MAGIC IN FOURTH-CENTURY ROME." Greece and Rome 53, no. 2 (September 27, 2006): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383506000295.

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Roman charioteers had a reputation, and not just for living fast and dying young. Nor was their reputation solely based on the glamour of their occupation, although it is clear that some charioteers could achieve something approaching celebrity status. Roman charioteers (by which I mean charioteers throughout the ancient Roman world) had a reputation of a rather darker stripe. The violence of their occupation, reflected and enhanced by the riotous violence of their supporters, contributed to the perception of charioteers in general as rough, uncouth characters. The gulf between some charioteers' celebrity and their slave status did much to encourage this brutal reputation in the Roman mind.
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Blastenbrei, Peter. "Violence, arms and criminal justice in papal Rome, 1560-1600." Renaissance Studies 20, no. 1 (February 2006): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-4658.2006.00112.x.

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Wolfe, Katharine. "Love and Violence." Sartre Studies International 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ssi.2019.250204.

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Beginning with a study of need and its relationship to violence in Sartre’s Critique of Dialectical Reason, this paper argues that need, in the midst of scarcity, can both be a catalyst for violence and a force in the service of love. It warns against an antagonistic view of need and of ethics that emerges in Sartre’s Critique, drawing on Sartre’s own ongoing commitments to existentialism and also on the work of Primo Levi. In particular, it warns against the danger of reducing an ethics of need to one of Manichean violence. It also introduces the concept of ‘second-person needs’, which include (but are not limited to) needs of one’s own for the needs of others to be met. This concept is resonant with the idea of authentic love introduced in Sartre’s earlier, unfinished Notebooks for an Ethics, with the suggestions concerning a concrete, material ethics offered in Sartre’s Rome Lecture of 1964, as well as with Sartre’s concept of the fused group in the Critique itself.
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BARRY, WILLIAM D. "EXPOSURE, MUTILATION, AND RIOT: VIOLENCE AT THE SCALAE GEMONIAE IN EARLY IMPERIAL ROME." Greece and Rome 55, no. 2 (August 18, 2008): 222–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383508000545.

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Beginning in the reign of Augustus or Tiberius, corpses of criminals condemned and executed by the state were exposed on the Scalae Gemoniae, a flight of stairs located in the northern corner of the Forum Romanum. As one modern commentator has observed, the ritual of execution in which these stairs played a critical role reflected more generally the suppression of popular participation in the judicial processes that accompanied the last century of the Republic and the emergence of the Principate. As has long been noted, however, the Stairs were also the site of well-attested instances of collective violence, in particular protests during Cn. Calpurnius Piso's trial in the senate in AD 20, violence surrounding the fall of Sejanus in AD 31, and the popular violence and warfare of AD 69.
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Clarke, Kamari Maxine, and Sarah-Jane Koulen. "The Legal Politics of the Article 16 Decision: The International Criminal Court, the un Security Council and Ontologies of a Contemporary Compromise." African Journal of Legal Studies 7, no. 3 (September 12, 2014): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12342049.

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This introductory essay aims to offer a framework through which to make sense of the controversies arising from International Criminal Court (icc) intervention in Africa. One such controversy is related to the deployment of the powers to refer and defer icc cases central to Article 16 of the Rome Statute for the icc. The manner in which the unsc has employed this power has led critics – particularly on the African continent – to conclude that a range of geopolitics has undermined the judicial independence of the icc. The essay argues, therefore, that the drafting history of Article 16 of the Rome Statute shows the workings of the political origins of the law and the manner in which foundational inequalities were woven into the very fabric of the Rome Statute. Following theorists such as Giorgio Agamben and Walter Benjamin who have conceptualized law as violence and who have taken seriously the ways in which violence and inequality live on through the law, the authors argue that not only can contemporary ontologies of international criminal law not escape the politics of its making, but if we are to adequately address the conditions of violence in the postcolonial African state there must be an ontological shift in the way we conceptualize law. They propose a rethinking that acknowledges root causes of violence and that take seriously politically adumbrated histories of violence that continue live in the armature of the postcolonial state. Considering how and when political settlements are relevant and rethinking how complementarity and cooperation might work more effectively are key to the conceptual framework.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Violence Rome"

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Mondello, Joseph J. "Hooliganism and Supporter Violence: Examining the Rome, Lisbon and Athens Derbies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1343.

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The practice of Hooliganism, or violent and aggressive styles of support linked to one or more specific football club, first emerged in England in the 1960’s. A combination of mass media, films such as Green Street Hooligans, and increases in law enforcement enabled Hooliganism to spread all over Europe. This paper seeks to explain Hooligan cultures, how they emerge, their characteristics and the type of individual they attract. Furthermore, this paper examines the situational variables present on match-day that lead to supporter violence. Additionally, this paper aggregates numerous findings on crowd behavior and Hooliganism, and then applies them three case studies: the Rome, Lisbon and Athens derbies. Case studies seek to highlight some of the mediating and moderating factors in that particularly rivalry, as well the differences in Hooligan cultures across countries.
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Rohmann, Dirk. "Gewalt und politischer Wandel im 1. Jahrhundert n. Chr. /." München : H. Utz, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410351899.

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Hunt, John Matthew. "Violence and Disorder in the Sede Vacante of Early Modern Rome, 1559-1655." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244045850.

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Hulot, Sophie. "La violence de guerre dans le monde romain (fin du IIIème s. av. J.-C.- fin du Ier s. ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30050.

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Quel est le rapport des Romains à la violence de guerre ? Cette question, d´une trompeuse simplicité, n´a jamais véritablement été posée en ces termes, tant Rome est le plus souvent présentée comme une puissance invariablement agressive et brutale. Pourtant, en s´inspirant du concept de la culture de guerre développé pour la période contemporaine, mais aussi de l´anthropologie et de la sociologie, il est possible de renouveler les approches sur la question. C´est l´angle plus précis du coût humain de la guerre qui a été retenu pour ce travail. Il permet de mieux saisir la manière dont la société romaine répond aux effets potentiellement perturbateurs des pertes et des blessés de guerre. Il facilite également la compréhension du comportement de Rome envers ses ennemis en proposant une lecture plus circonstancielle et interactionniste de la production de la violence. En s´intéressant plus particulièrement au corps, mais aussi aux conditions concrètes de l´activité militaire et enfin aux rapports sociaux romains, cet examen se veut une contribution à l´histoire militaire, culturelle et sociale de la Rome antique. Trois champs d´investigation ont été abordés. Le premier concerne la relation du soldat à la violence de guerre dans le cadre même des combats. Il s´agissait de mettre en évidence la manière dont les combattants pouvaient supporter les diverses intensités des conflits, s´en accommodaient ou, plus ponctuellement, manifestaient leurs insatisfactions vis-à-vis de la conduite de la guerre. La nature des blessures de guerre, le système médical ainsi que les relations entre les troupes et leurs chefs ont fait l´objet d´analyses plus précises. En deuxième lieu, c´est la réaction de l´ensemble de la communauté romaine face aux pertes et blessés de guerre qui a été mise en valeur. En particulier, la dimension inconditionnellement agressive de l´ethos guerrier romain a été nuancée. Surtout, on a cherché à mettre en lumière une série de protestations relatives au coût humain de la guerre lorsque ce dernier est perçu comme excessif. La réponse du pouvoir à ces mécontentements a alors été abordée selon une perspective chronologique. Enfin, l´examen a porté sur les modalités romaines du recours à la violence. Il s´agissait d´en montrer les ressorts circonstanciels, les mécanismes auto-restrictifs, le discours cohérent de justification et son caractère relativement commun dans le monde antique. En définitive, ce travail a permis de mieux dégager les seuils de sensibilités romains au coût humain de la guerre
What outlook did the Romans have on war violence? This deceptively simple question has never actually been posed in these terms since Rome has most often been described as an invariably aggressive and brutal power. A reappraisal of the approaches on this question is however possible by drawing both on the concept of war culture developed with regard to contemporary history and on anthropology and sociology. More precisely, the angle chosen for this research was that of the human cost of war. It allows a better understanding of the way Roman society responded to the potentially disruptive effects of war losses and wounded soldiers. It also helps to better grasp Rome’s behaviour towards its enemies by offering a finer reading on the kinds of circumstances and interactions in which war violence was used. Focusing more particularly on the body, but also on the practical conditions of military activity and finally on Roman social relationships, this study aims at contributing to Rome’s military, cultural and social history. It explores three fields of investigation. The first one deals with the soldiers’ relationship to war violence in the environment of battle itself, highlighting the way they endured the various intensities of conflicts, putting up with them or, at times, expressing their discontent with the way war was conducted. The types of wounds, the medical system and the relationships between the troops and their leaders were more specifically analysed. Secondly attention is paid to the responses of Roman society as a whole to war losses and wounded soldiers. The unconditionally aggressive dimension of the Roman war ‘ethos’ has in particular been qualified, with a focus on the protests against the human cost of war when sensed as excessive. The responses of those in power were subsequently examined from a chronological perspective. The last part centres on the Roman modes of resorting to war violence: the circumstances governing its various uses, the self-restrictive mechanisms, the coherent justificatory discourse, its comparatively common nature in the ancient world. In the end, this research has better brought to light the thresholds of Roman sensitivity to the human cost of war
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Baker, Gabriel David. "Spare no one : destroying communities in Roman warfare, third and second centuries BCE." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6699.

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In Greek and Latin historical narratives, Roman armies are repeatedly said to destroy enemy communities, both their physical urban spaces and inhabitant populations. Some ancient authors claim that this conduct was characteristic of the Roman way of war, particularly during the period of the Middle Republic. However, this seemingly prevalent feature of Roman warfare remains poorly understood. Ancient descriptions of urban destruction and mass killing are often vague or formulaic, and rarely indicate how or why this violence took place. Although a few modern studies have examined mass violence in antiquity, the destruction of communities is seldom treated as a distinct category of Roman military action, with its own methods and motives. Furthermore, there has been little effort to explore how ancient armies actually destroyed cities or peoples using pre-modern tools. To redress these gaps in the scholarship, this dissertation aims to demonstrate how and why Roman armies destroyed urban spaces and populations. The project first examines descriptions of urban destruction and mass killing in ancient texts, archaeological and art historical evidence of mass violence, and comparative evidence from other historical periods. The second half of the project investigates individual cases in which Roman commanders attacked and destroyed enemy cities or populations. Case studies allow in-depth examinations of individual events, making it possible to situate episodes of mass violence within a larger set of historical circumstances; this approach highlights the specific causal factors that encouraged Roman military leaders to target enemy communities. Using these methods, this dissertation argues that ancient armies employed demolition and mass arson to destroy urban spaces, and killed populations using cold-blooded mass executions or hot-blooded indiscriminate massacres. Although ancient military forces rarely, if ever, razed entire towns or exterminated whole peoples, even partial destruction required an expenditure of time, labor, and resources. Thus the destruction of communities was not the result of haphazard outburst or violent frenzy, but stemmed from the calculated decisions of military and political leaders. This study further argues that Roman commanders destroyed enemy communities instrumentally, to accomplish a range of goals and objectives. While many Roman commanders employed mass violence strategically, as a response to specific military problems, their political, economic, and personal goals could also motivate destruction and mass killing in war.
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Spiegl, Steven. "Communal responses to socio-economic problems in Italy and Gaul, 31 BC - AD 284." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/communal-responses-to-socioeconomic-problems-in-italy-and-gaul-31-bc--ad-284(4437edaa-53fa-4a57-8897-879bec4747b6).html.

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This thesis looks at the nature and evolution of communal responses to socio-economic problems in imperial Italy and Gaul. Ancient analysis of this topic tended to view any popular expression of discontent as the result of the moral failings of the plebs, or, somewhat more generously, as being due to poverty. These two lines of thought have had an effect on modern scholarship, shaping opinion not only on how the Roman elite viewed the general population, but also influencing and distorting our view of the actual situation. In some cases, poverty certainly was the underlying cause of unrest, as it has so often been throughout human history; to see it as the sole cause (and to imagine that the Romans perceived it to be the sole cause) is, however, an oversimplification. This thesis aims to show that a complex array of factors was responsible for those popular actions (e.g. grain riots) traditionally seen as reactions to deprivation. It will be seen that not only the socio-economic problems that caused these actions, but also the underlying customs and social mores that dictated how people reacted to these problems were manifold. In addition to showing the socio-economic complexities that dictated popular response, this thesis will show that said response could take a variety of forms, and that just as we must steer ourselves away from simplistic adages like panem et circenses when searching for a cause, we must move beyond the more sensational instances of violence, crime and unrest when looking for a response. A number of reactions, from beggary to banditry, are therefore considered, in order to show the various communal responses available to those at the lower end of the socio-economic scale. Given the vast amount of time and space covered, this thesis will explore diachronic and geographical developments in the nature of communal response. By considering the wider socio-economic developments that precipitated the various responses considered, it will be shown that there was indeed a distinct evolution in the way in which the people reacted to specific stimuli, governed by factors such as the amount of imperial contact, adherence to pre-existing social structures, and, interestingly, a growing sense of popular political involvement.
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Guzzo, Domenico. "Rome, l'inscription des violences politiques dans la ville au cours des années de plomb : (1966-1982)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH009/document.

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En s’inscrivant dans le récent sillage historiographique consacré à la dimension métropolitaine de la conflictualité armée, cette recherche a analysé les milieux et les formes urbaines de l'extrémisme à Rome dans l’après-68. Par une approche interdisciplinaire - qui a intégré l’apport de la philosophie, de l'urbanisme, de la sociologie, de la géographie urbaine, des sciences politiques - cette étude a reconstruit la relation entre le territoire urbain et la mise en œuvre d’une violence subversive, souvent à caractère meurtrier et terroriste, dans le cadre de la modernisation nationale activée par le "boom économique" (1958-1963) et des dynamiques propres à la « guerre froide ».On a porté une attention particulière à l’appréhension des processus de transformation idéologique et culturelle, mûris au sein de la « crise urbaine » affectant le mauvais et difficile développement de Rome dans l'après-guerre, qui ont permis à la première métropole italienne de devenir l'écosystème unique et catalyseur de cette conflictualité extrême, au-delà des simples facteurs géopolitiques (crise européenne de l'idée d'atlantisme) et socio-économique (explosion des luttes sociales pour la revendication de biens et services propres à la modernité consumériste).Cette étude est remontée aux facteurs de division caractérisant la structure, le tissu et l’ambiance de Rome. Il s’agit des clivages fondamentaux, en place dès le début de l’époque républicaine (1946), sur lesquels s’implantent ensuite, au lendemain du boom économique, les processus de radicalisation qui accompagnent les multiples luttes revendicatives - dans les domaines du quartier, du travail, des écoles et de l’Université - engendrées par une modernisation de la capitale brutale et déséquilibrée. Notre recherche a, de ce fait, démontré que les différentes « expériences d’antagonisme » muries au sein de cette vaste contestation sociale, ont servi finalement d’incubateurs où une partie de la militance extraparlementaire romaine, issue de la mobilisation soixante-huitarde, s’est initiée à différentes pratiques subversives (notamment les répertoires de l’illégalité de masse et de la guérilla clandestine).La prise en compte de tous ces niveaux et ces dimensions a fait ressortir les particularités de la violence politique déployée à Rome dans l’après-68, tout en attribuant la juste proportion au « poids » de la capitale d’Italie dans le déploiement à l’échelle nationale de la « stratégie de la tension » (1969-1974) et des « années de plomb » (1975-1982).Cette recherche s’est donc engagée dans la reconstruction d’un cadre historique global, mettant en connexion diachronique les faits et les dynamiques internes à la ville (d’ordre social, économique, culturel, idéologique, politique et urbanistique) avec le système étatique centré à Rome – marqué par les pressions du « rideau de fer », les lourdes séquelles de la dictature fasciste et de la guerre civile, la fragilité gouvernementale et le manque de cohésion nationale – le long des années de la modernisation et de l’entrée dans la société d’abondance en Italie
Following the new historiographical path focused on the urban dimension of the armed struggle, this research analyses the milieus and the forms of the political extremism in Rome after ‘68. By an interdisciplinary approach – which integrates the contribution of philosophy, of urban studies, of sociology, of urban geography, of political sciences – this study rebuilt the relation between urban territory and the implementation of a subversive violence, often lethal and terrorist, in the context of the national modernization activated by the “economic boom” (1958-1963) and of the “cold war” dynamics. A special attention is payed to the apprehension of the ideological and cultural evolutions - grown inside the “urban crisis” which affects the critical development of Rome in the post-war period – that transformed the biggest Italian metropolis in a perfect ecosystem for this extreme conflict, far beyond the only effects of the geopolitical (European crisis of the Atlanticism) and socio-economic factors (explosion of the social struggles claiming the fruition of goods and services created by for consumerist modernity). This study went back to the basic divisions of the structure, the society and the environment of Rome: the fundamental cleavages, appeared at the beginning of the republican time (1946), over which, after the “economic boom”, a process of radicalization (due to the growing of the social struggles in the fields of the local community, work, school and the University, generated by a brutal and unbalanced modernization of the town) is established. Our research, so showed that the various “experiments of antagonism” matured within this vast social protest, were used finally as incubators where part of the roman extremist militancy, resulting from the end of ’68 mobilization, was initiated with various subversive practices (in particular, the repertoires of the mass illegality and of the clandestine guerrilla). Considering of all these levels and these dimensions highlighted the characteristics of the political violence deployed in Rome after ’68, while allotting the right proportion to the “weight” of the capital of Italy in the national deployment of the “strategy of the tension” (1969-1974) and the “years of lead” (1975-1982). This research thus strives to reconstruct a comprehensive historical framework, putting of diachronic connection the facts and the dynamic of the metropolis (social economic, cultural, ideological, political and urban factors) with the State system based in Rome – characterized by the pressures of the “iron curtain”, the heavy after-effects of the fascist dictatorship and the civil war (1943-1945), the governmental frailty and the lack of national cohesion – along the years of modernization and of the entry in the age of abundance for Italy
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Masose, Tariro Veronica P. "The Prosecution of Sexual Violence Crimes under Article 7 And 8 Of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Reason for Optimism?" The University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5788.

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Magister Legum - LLM
The Rome Statute gave birth to the International Criminal Court (ICC) on 17 July 1998. Its mandate is to assist the international community in the arduous task of closing the gap of impunity for the most heinous crimes, namely war crimes, crimes of aggression, genocide and crimes against humanity. For the first time in the history of humankind, States accepted the jurisdiction of a permanent international criminal court, for the prosecution of the perpetrators of the most serious crimes committed within their territories or by nationals after the entry into force of the Rome Statute on 1 July 2002.
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Masose, Tariro Veronica P. "The Prosecution of sexual violence crimes under article 7 and 8 of the rome statue of the international criminal court: A reason for optimism?'." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5831.

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Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence)
The Rome Statute gave birth to the International Criminal Court (ICC) on 17 July 1998. Its mandate is to assist the international community in the arduous task of closing the gap of impunity for the most heinous crimes, namely war crimes, crimes of aggression, genocide and crimes against humanity. For the first time in the history of humankind, States accepted the jurisdiction of a permanent international criminal court, for the prosecution of the perpetrators of the most serious crimes committed within their territories or by nationals after the entry into force of the Rome Statute on 1 July 2002. The ICC is an international organization, with distinct legal capacity. It is independent of the United Nations although it does act in close association with it. The ICC is not a substitute for national courts. The Rome Statute provides that it is still very much the duty of the State to exercise its jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes. The ICC can only intervene as a court of last resort where a State is unwilling or unable to carry out the investigation and prosecute the perpetrators within its own domestic courts and laws. It may only exercise jurisdiction over crimes committed on the territory of a State party or a national of such, the only exception to this is that the United Security Council can use its powers under the UN Charter to refer situations to the Prosecutor of the ICC. The ICC is therefore meant to compliment and support domestic criminal justice; this was reflected even in the drafting stages of the Statute whereby integration of a variety of national perspectives and judicial cultures from different countries was considered in order to ensure that the ICC did not depart from what is considered just within the domestic sphere. It may well be argued that the Rome Statute provides an opportunity to reinvigorate and reform criminal codes which may in the long term globally strengthen the rule of law, peace and security.
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Geneau, Geneviève. "L'évolution du cadre juridique relatif à la violence sexuelle commise à l'égard des femmes en droit international pénal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27040.

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Dans ce texte sera abordée l’évolution du cadre juridique relatif à la violence sexuelle commise à l’égard des femmes en droit international pénal. Une analyse juridique, adoptant une approche historique et féministe, sera développée à l’égard du traitement de la violence sexuelle commise à l’égard des femmes par les tribunaux pénaux internationaux suivants : le Tribunal militaire international de Nuremberg, le Tribunal militaire international de Tokyo, le Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie, le Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda ainsi que la Cour pénale internationale. Le développement du droit international humanitaire et du droit international des droits de la personne, à la suite de la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale, sera également analysé à cet égard. Il sera exposé que la violence sexuelle commise à l’égard des femmes a fait l’objet d’un silence historique, en droit international pénal, qui a persisté jusqu’à l’élaboration du Statut de Rome de la Cour pénale internationale. Ce dernier Statut est synonyme d’une évolution normative marquante, bien que plusieurs obstacles et défis soient encore à relever.
In this text, the evolution of the legal framework relating to sexual violence against women in international criminal law will be discussed. A legal analysis adopting an historic and a feminist approach will be developed relating to the issue of sexual violence against women addressed by the following international criminal tribunals: International Military Tribunal of Nuremberg, International Military Tribunal of Tokyo, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Court. The development of international humanitarian law and international human rights law after the Second World War will be also examined in this regard. It will be explained that sexual violence against women, in international criminal law, has been subjected to an historic silence, which persisted until the elaboration of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. This Statute stands as a significant normative development even though obstacles and challenges still remain and need to be addressed.
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Books on the topic "Violence Rome"

1

Violence in republican Rome. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Gladiators: Violence and spectacle in ancient Rome. Harlow, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited, 2008.

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Faulkner, Neil. Rome: Empire of the eagles. Harlow, England: Pearson Longman, 2008.

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Faulkner, Neil. Rome: Empire of the eagles. Harlow, England: Pearson Longman, 2008.

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Faulkner, Neil. Rome: Empire of the eagles, 735 BC-AD 476. Harlow, England: Longman, 2009.

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Heĺène, Meńard. Maintenir l'ordre à Rome: IIe-IVe siècles AP. J.-C. Seyssel: Champ Vallon, 2004.

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Spectacles of death in ancient Rome. London: Routledge, 1998.

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Faulkner, Neil. Rome: Empire of the eagles, 735 BC-AD 476. Harlow, England: Longman, 2009.

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Plass, Paul. Game of death in ancient Rome: Arena sport and political suicide. Madison,, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995.

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The blood of martyrs: Unintended consequences of ancient violence. New York: Routledge, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Violence Rome"

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Albanese, Giulia. "Political violence." In The March on Rome, 17–50. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in fascism and the far right: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315115481-2.

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Douglas, Heather. "Prosecuting Domestic Violence Cases." In The Evolving Role of the Public Prosecutor, 154–68. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019. | Series: Directions and developments in criminal justice and law; 3: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429467547-11.

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Sutton, April G. "Blanchard, Gypsy Rose." In Encyclopedia of Domestic Violence, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85493-5_121-1.

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Turnbull, John. "The Role of the Manager." In Aggression and Violence, 195–220. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13577-6_10.

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Bar-Tal, Daniel. "Collective Memory of Physical Violence: its Contribution to the Culture of Violence." In The Role of Memory in Ethnic Conflict, 77–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403919823_5.

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Helander, Einar A. "You Cut a Rose and Release a Tornado." In Children and Violence, 3–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230584303_1.

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Holbrook, Christina M., David E. Bixler, Eugene A. Rugala, and Carri Casteel. "The Employee Assistance Program (EAP) and Its Role in the Management of Workplace Threats." In Workplace Violence, 50–55. First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315369686-6.

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Sundaram, Vanita. "What Is the Role of Schools in Violence Prevention?" In Preventing Youth Violence, 85–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137365699_7.

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Willis, Emma. "Introduction: Staging the Role of Theatre." In Metatheatrical Dramaturgies of Violence, 1–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85102-6_1.

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Holtzworth-Munroe, Amy. "Attributions and Maritally Violent Men: The Role of Cognitions in Marital Violence." In Attributions, Accounts, and Close Relationships, 165–75. New York, NY: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4386-1_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Violence Rome"

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Rodriguez-Villalobos, Martha, Karla Garza-Santillán, and Aida Gutierrez. "DETERMINANTS OF VIOLENCE IN MEXICO." In 10th Economics & Finance Conference, Rome. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/efc.2018.010.029.

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Hidayati, Nurul, Budi Darma, and Ali Mustofa. "Violence against Women and Resistance in Nawal El Saadawi's Woman at Zero Point and Alberto Moravia's The Woman of Rome." In Social Sciences, Humanities and Economics Conference (SoSHEC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/soshec-17.2018.39.

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Sultanova, A. "ENGLISH POLYSEMANTIC IDIOMS NAMING VIOLENCE." In EXPONENTS OF SOCIAL AGGRESSION: GENERAL HUMANITARIAN DISCOURSES. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/esaghd2022_115-121.

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Phraseology, being the most expressive part of the language system, accumulates and reflects real or imaginary situations as experiences of a nation, and reveals the peculiarities of the cultural and historical development of a nation. The article describes English polysemantic phraseological units denoting violent actions, and also examines aspects of the formation of these phraseological units, namely the prototypical situations as their source. The article analyzes the role of the components of phraseological units in the formation of their meanings related to the theme of «Violence».
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Wright, Steve. "THE WORK OF FETHULLAH GÜLEN & THE ROLE OF NON-VIOLENCE IN A TIME OF TERROR." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/iwca2043.

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We are living in dangerous times. We can anticipate further polarisation between Islam and the West as the official line becomes more focused on achieving military solutions to what are essentially political and cultural issues. Fethullah Gülen is unusual in adding a distinctly Islamic voice to the calls for a non-violent approach to conflict resolution. The notion of peace through peace has a rich Western tradi- tion from Tolstoy to Martin Luther King. In the East, all of those active in peace movements today acknowledge a debt to Mahatma Gandhi. These writers continue to influence peace activists such as Gene Sharp, whose work was directly channelled to assist in the recent, relatively peaceful, revolutions in former Soviet states such as the Ukraine. This paper examines the peace-building work of Gülen within wider concepts of non-vio- lence in order to explore their lessons for modern Islam’s transition. It is important for the conference to hear something of past voices and experiences, and the lessons learned from them, which can further inspire those in Islam who wish to move towards future peace using peaceful, non-violent activities. This goal is particularly pertinent in a time of terror when existing counter-insurgency meth- ods readily provoke a violent response, which justifies more violence and repression. The paper is illustrated to ensure accessibility of the examples for those less familiar with non-violent action dedicated to achieving social change.
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Moļņika, Baiba. "Drama Education for Violence Prevention: Approaches and Challenges." In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.60.

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Violence in schools is a socially and culturally complex phenomenon that affects not only the victim and the abuser but everyone, including eyewitnesses, parents, and educators. Drama education provides a unique experience in reducing violence because it involves both the mind and the emotions The adolescent is the age stage that is influenced by many external and individual factors, such as those related to the change in the training system, age development, change of interests and change of class dynamics, etc. All of these factors can lead to an increase in the risk of stress background and violence situations. The study explores violence prevention through the lens of drama. The review reveals several approaches for drama education with connection to personal development and violence prevention, including, “Forum Theatre” and “Process drama”. The study provides recommendations to emphasize the role of drama education in reducing violence in schools.
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"UNDERSTANDING MEDIA VIOLENCE FROM A ROLE-PLAY PERSPECTIVE - Effects of Various Types of Violent Video Games on Players’ Cognitive Aggression." In 13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003497802610266.

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Fitzke, Reagan, Daniel Lee, Denise Tran, Jordan Davis, and Eric Pedersen. "Military sexual violence and cannabis use disorder among OEF/OIF veterans." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.47.

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Sexual violence experienced during military service can have lasting negative psychosocial effects on veterans long after service ends. Current research reports veterans who have experienced military sexual violence are more likely to develop mental health and substance use disorders. Little is known, though, about the relationship between military sexual violence and subsequent cannabis use disorder (CUD). The current study investigated prevalence of military sexual violence among a large sample of OEF/OIF veterans (N = 1,005), its effect on later CUD, and the potential moderating role of resilience. First, t-tests examined differences in experience of military sexual violence between LGBQ vs. heterosexual and female vs. male veterans. Then, using logistic regressions controlling for sex, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity, we assessed the effects of sexual violence on CUD (Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test score of 12 or higher), followed by adding resilience into the model to examine independent and moderation effects. T-test results indicated that female (t(99) = -7.46, p < 0.001) and LGBQ veterans (t(38) = -3.85, p < 0.001) were significantly more likely to experience military sexual violence. Veterans who experienced military sexual violence had higher odds of screening for CUD (OR = 3.37; 95% CI = [1.76, 6.45]). Greater resilience was associated with lower odds of CUD (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = [0.23, 0.70]), but it did not moderate the relationship between sexual violence and CUD. Our findings are in line with prior work that female and LGBQ veterans may experience sexual violence during military service at higher rates. We also showed that veterans who experience military sexual violence are at increased risk for subsequent CUD. This suggests the importance of screening for military sexual violence among veterans, including among those seeking care for CUD, as well as screening for CUD symptoms among those who have experienced military sexual violence. Since we found that greater levels of resilience were associated with lower odds of CUD, programs and treatments aimed at building resilience to adverse events may have independent protective effects on CUD.
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Ngo, Quyen, Maureen Walton, Stephen Chermack, Sara Stein, Jessica Ramirez, and Rebecca Cunningham. "63 The role of mindfulness in physical dating violence, injuring a partner and psychological dating violence." In SAVIR 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042560.63.

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Biffi, Elisabetta, and Daniela Bianchi. "TEACHER TRAINING FOR THE PREVENTION, REPORTING AND ADDRESSING OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end015.

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Each year an estimated one billion children (one out of two children worldwide) suffer some form of physical, sexual or psychological violence or neglect (Hillis, Mercy, Amobi, & Kress, 2016). Being a victim of violence in childhood has lifelong impacts on education, health, and well-being. Exposure to violence can lead to poor academic performance due to cognitive, emotional, and social problems (WHO, 2019). The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence is affirmed by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, in its General Comment No. 13 (UNCRC, 2011). Moreover, the Sustainable Development Goals contain a clear call to eliminate violence against children, most explicitly in Target 16.2 (UN, 2015). Many efforts have been made globally to achieve these goals. Schools have been identified as one of the crucial contexts for conducting violence prevention efforts. They offer an important space where children, teachers and educators can learn and adopt pro-social behaviors that can contribute to preventing violence (WHO, et al., 2016). Teachers can play a key role, helping to build a “violence-free world” (UNESCO, WHO, UNICEF, End Violence Against Children, 2020), both by promoting positive relationships and by identifying signs of violence early. In fact, while international strategies provide a necessary framework for the promotion and protection of children's rights, it is the people who can make a difference in the prevention and detection of violence against children (Biffi, 2018). Based on these premises, the paper will focus on how teacher training can help prevent, report and address violence against children. Teachers are often not trained on this: some of them know the contents, but have doubts about how to deal with certain situations. Teachers should learn what to do with students who have gone through a traumatic experience because children choose someone who can see and recognize them (Miller, 1979, En. transl. 1995; Miller, 1980, En. transl. 1983). To be able to really recognize the child, a training course with teachers is necessary, to raise awareness and help them see the signals that children send (The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action, End Violence Against Children, UNICEF, WHO, 2020). This paper, through literature and presentation of a training course with teachers in Italy, will offer a pedagogical reflection on teacher training in the prevention, reporting and addressing of violence against children, in order to start building a common shared strategy.
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Leitão, Roxanne. "Digital Technologies and their Role in Intimate Partner Violence." In CHI '18: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3180305.

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Reports on the topic "Violence Rome"

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Henkin, Samuel. Dynamic Dimensions of Radicalization and Violent Extremism in Sabah, Malaysia. RESOLVE Network, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.25.sea.

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Malaysia offers a unique lens to evaluate the changing dynamics of radicalization and extremism in Southeast Asia, as the threat of both home-grown and external extremism grows. The country’s geographic location, bordering multiple active centers of violent extremism (the southern Philippines, southern Thailand, and Indonesia), makes it particularly vulnerable to further threats from violent extremism and terrorism, as regional and local violent extremist organizations (VEOs) exploit Malaysian geohistorical contexts and growing grievances related to social and political instability. Threats and risks of violent extremism are especially pronounced and manifest with severe consequences in the Malaysian state of Sabah. This policy note advances a granular review of the dynamics underlying radicalization risk in Sabah, Malaysia, in order to extrapolate an analysis of emerging areas of threat and risk of violent extremism facing Southeast Asia. It offers an opportunity to better understand current and future threats and risks of violent extremism facing Southeast Asia and identifies important trends and recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in mitigating the spread of violent extremism and radicalization to violence in Sabah. The policy note also considers how building local preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) capacity can mitigate Malaysia’s role as a staging area, transit hub, and conduit for the transportation of weapons, operatives, finances, and supporters to other regional and global terrorist organizations.
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Barnes, Danielle L. Pakistan's and Palestine's Role in Promoting Violent Ideological Education. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539916.

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BUHARI, Lateef Oluwafemi. Understanding the Causes of Electoral and Political Violence in Ekiti State, Nigeria: 2007-2010. Intellectual Archive, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/ia_2021_03_17.

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All over the world, elections are the litmus test of democracies. They also serve to consolidate political stability in a given polity just as they have the propensity to engender conflict and violence. Though there is usually competition over the control of the machineries of power, the turning point of that competition into violence becomes imperative in discerning the causes, both remote and immediate of such violence. In the light of the above, this paper notes the volatile nature of elections in Nigeria at large and Ekiti State in particular between 2007 and 2010. It examines plethora of factors leading to electoral fraud and political violence in the state. It further analyses the role of various stakeholders in political violence in the state.
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Galvez, Gino. Work-related Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of Acculturation Among Employed Latinos in Batterer Intervention Programs. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.170.

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Bernard, Michael Lewis, George A. Backus, and Walter E. Beyeler. Socio-behavioral considerations in the role of violent social movements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1426057.

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Wallpe, Courtenay. Engaging a Systems Approach to Evaluate Domestic Violence Intervention with Abusive Men: Reassessing the Role of Community. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.439.

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Knapp, Carolyn. HIV and partner violence: What are the implications for voluntary counseling and testing? Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2001.1011.

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Millions of women around the world face two great threats to their health and well-being: HIV/AIDS and violence by an intimate partner. One of the strongest associations between the two is the role that violence and the threat of violence play in limiting a woman’s ability to negotiate safer sex with a partner. A similar fear of violence also discourages women who receive HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) from telling partners about test results. This study explored the links between HIV infection, serostatus disclosure, and partner violence among women attending a VCT clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Researchers began with a qualitative research phase with VCT clients at the Muhimbili Health Information Center. In the second phase, researchers interviewed women who had been tested and counseled three months earlier. The details in this brief show that while there is considerable fear of a partner’s reaction, there is little evidence from HIV-positive or HIV-negative women surveyed that serostatus disclosure frequently leads to physical violence.
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McConnell, Erin. Bystander Intervention to Prevent Campus Sexual Violence: The Role of Sense of Community, Peer Norms, and Administrative Responding. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6439.

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Marchais, Gauthier, Sweta Gupta, and Cyril Owen Brandt. Student Wellbeing in Contexts of Protracted Violent Conflict. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.055.

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In contexts of protracted violent conflict, school environments play a key role in children’s psychological, social, and emotional wellbeing. Research by the REALISE education project in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) provides a better understanding of how violent conflict penetrates schools; the relationship between school staff, students, parents, and the local community; and the role of children’s social entourage. It identifies key considerations for education projects operating in these contexts and how they can best support the wellbeing of children, including those who are extremely isolated or experience marginalisation on the basis of gender or minority status.
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Avdimetaj, Teuta. Interacting with Trauma: Considerations and Reflections from Research in Kosovo. RESOLVE Network, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/rve2022.2.

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This chapter explores the role of trauma in violent extremism research, offering insights on its effects on the research process, providing insights on the radicalization process of individual cases, and informing reintegration prospects of returning foreign fighters and their family members. The chapter focuses on war-related trauma as a widespread experience in post-conflict societies, which may persist years after the war ends, scarring societies in numerous ways for generations and potentially creating an ongoing cycle of violence. The chapter begins with a brief overview of the available literature on the link between trauma and radicalization while bringing attention to existing gaps within this field. It then continues with insights from field research in Kosovo on how trauma was expressed among the family members of foreign fighters, including women returnees from the conflict zones in Syria and Iraq, and provides insight into how the author approached the subject in her own research.
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