Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Violence politique – Afrique'
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Bangoura, Mohamed Tétémadi. "Violence politique et conflits en Afrique : le cas du Tchad /." Paris ; Budapest ; Kinshasa [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401200273.
Full textNgowet, Luc. "Les fondements théoriques de la modernité politique africaine : essai de phénoménologie politique." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC337.
Full textAny consideration of African political thought cannot disregard the issue of its recovering by Africanist discourse. The hegemony of this discourse is partly at the origin of our reflection on the theoretical foundations of modernity in Africa, that seeks to lay the foundations for a long-term research agenda on African political thought. Beyond a contention with the Africanist discourse, my thesis is also motivated by a more fundamental objective that presupposes and seeks to demonstrate that African thought has always played a vital role in the construction of the political modernity of Africa. I will analyse the contours and content of the theoretical foundations of that african political modernity through a methodology and a principle of reason that will bear witness to those foudations with conviction and lucidity. My doctoral dissertation therefore has two main objectives. First, it seeks to develop a critique of Africanist reason that will lead to an interpretation of endogenous discourses on politics in Africa, through a method of investigation called political phenomenology. Such a phenomenological understanding of politics as an instrument that can elucidate African modernity in Africa will be based on a critical interpretation of major african political texts written in both French and English. Secondly, my thesis aims at developing a philosophizing history of African political thought, providing a precise understanding of its concepts and issues. In sum, this dissertation would have achieved its objective if it read as a philosophical meta-narrative on African modernity, the specificity of which I shall define
Mallèvre, François. "Les politiques constitutionnelles au maghreb : essai d'interpretation." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS1009.
Full textLefranc, Sandrine. "Politique du pardon : amnistie et transitions démocratiques : une approche comparative." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0033.
Full textOndoua, Antoine. "Sociologie du corps militaire en Afrique noire : le cas du Cameroun." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G014/document.
Full textIt is a common perception that the army in Africa and more particularly in black Africa, is associated with putsch, riots, rebellions and violence. Yet, specificities can be pointed out, especially in the two following points: political stability and promotion to the highest office. In that way, in francophone africa, Cameroon and Senegal since their independence, have managed to preserve themselves from any violent upheaval. In Cameroon, beyond a certain internization of the rofessional sense ( army submitted to political power), we can state that the political stability is due to the fact that it has blended into a neo-patrimonial system up to the point of becoming itself a neo-patrimonialised institution. Nonetheless, in spite of defending partisan interests (the "Prince", the ruling class and his family) the army turns out to be a symbol of the process of rationalization and democratization of the state (bureaucratic principles, law enforcement, peacekeeping, socio-cultural mixing etc.). The question is now to figure out if the position of the cameroonian army is determined either by the symbol or by the system. In other words, is the Cameroonian army loyal because of its being neo-patrimonialised or because the neo-patrimonial system relies on such loyalty?
Colombani, Anouk. "L'après-violence : (ré)conciliations (im)possibles ?" Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080019/document.
Full textMore than fifty thousand processes of national reconciliation have been organised since the end of the eighties. Yet the outcome is still uncertain: is reconciliation possible? The instances of extreme violence which emerged in the twentieth century seem to have created an insoluble paradox. On the one hand, we must accept reconciliation to avoid new massacres. (Doesn't violence generate more violence?) On the other, it seems more incongruous than ever to call for reconciliation. Who has the right to order a victim of genocide to agree to r conciliation? The underlying assumption in this work is that reconciliation never really works because liberal theory cannot conceive of violence, and, more generally, social sciences are unable to deal with violence. As a result, we have to understand the scientific storytelling produced by liberal philosophy and transitional justice. We can then oppose the storytelling to a "philosophy of the concrete" and a philosophy of detail, which draw on anthropology and history in order to grasp what we almost incidentally call violence
Dugrand, Camille. "Prendre la rue : politique de la citadinité vagabonde en Afrique : les Shégués de Kinshasa." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010334.
Full textBased on several field works in Kinshasa, the object of the thesis is the trajectories of « Shégués », these young city-dwellers who take a « different » path in the streets of the congolese megapolis. By « taking » the street and living in it they, diverge of conventional forms of existence under a roof in a family and throw themselves in a wandering urban adventure which generates both constraints and alternatives. In contrast to dominant discources that tend to represent them as marginal, isolated and inaudible « street children », it appears that Shégués are essential figures of the urban experience in Kinshasa. Subjected to a life full of constraint and uncertainty, they gather aroud new forms of sociability that can be seen as ways to support each other, forms of violence but also as alternative opportunities to « exist ». They can also constitute forms of distinction and even lead to the rise of famous and renowed people. The Shégués create a street culture that paves the way to heterogeneous interactions with other city dwellers and sometimes an incorporation of urban networks of power. Their social differenciation entails a process of stigmatization along a series of constraints. It also provides additional opportunities to have agency in the city and even reach some forms of popularity and prestige. How do they have agency on the city? What do they tell us on the youth’s perspectives of personal accomplishement in Kinshasa today? What are the political effects of the violence they both exert and endure? Do they produce a counter-hegemonic culture? Or do their actions tend to reinforce a violent political order? What are the social frontiers between these young actors and other city-dwellers? Do they shape a culture of subversion and protest? The trajectories of Shégués shed light on the ambivalence of a youth sub-culture, totally reliant on its local environment to urvive and that reclaim the codes established by the dominant sectors of society while challenging the exclusion they endure. While they can appear to reinforce the current « top-down » social order, the Shégués also shape new subversive and contentious life styles in a evolving megapolis, itself generating new norms and new ways of life and survival. In the end, the Shégués assert their role as actors of urban dynamic that keeps creating new figures of legitimacy and prestige while continuously reformulating new imagineries of alternative life possibilities. They express the critical and political ambition of their wandering life that contribute to « citadinity » in Kinshasa but also impact it. They do so by reinventing the ways to teverse their destiny and eventually gain acess to « another life »
Attindéhou, Olivier-Charles Bernardin. "Penser l'instabilité socio-politique en Afrique subsaharienne. Examen des causes et revendication heuristique : la stabilité par le chaos. Les cas illustratifs de la Côte d'Ivoire et du Rwanda." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3053.
Full textSubsaharan Africa presents itself, involuntarily, like an area in the grip of a succession of crises, conflicts, civil wars. These negative externalities of sociopolitical instability are apprehended, often, by the means of the causal ritual. That's why, the terms "ethnic group", "identity" - when it isn't question of underdevelopment, or the injection of democratic deficit - near the commentators, in a cursory mention, are convened to explain the perceived disorder. Thus, the events of 1994 in Rwanda are brought back to a "ethnic" conflict Hutu/Tutsi; negleging consequently the acuity of the complexity of reality or failing this, that of the convergence of variables. And yet, while going down in this cognitive depth, any observer would note that sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa remains a construction in time and space, optimized by the unrepentant desire of power of the political actors. The historical structures, far from being true determinants, take part in the social construction of reality carrying ideas, rules, and practices representational which set up the necessary grammar of the social upheaval. Our present work, not only comes to examine the usually advanced causes, but is also opposed to the culturalist arguments mobilized for the explanation or the comprehension of sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa. This is why, we retain that the scientific accuracy related with the comprehension of sociopolitical mechanisitc movement in subsaharan Africa is function of the mode of knowledge of perceived reality. Consequently, we estimate that sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa, is an evolutionary dynamic process which, notwhithstanding, the strutural disorder, strives for a relative stationnarity, then absolute before the advent of stability
Gnangui, Judicaël. "Statut et dynamique du personnage de l'orphelin dans le roman francophone d'Afrique subsaharienne." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968888.
Full textArzel, Lancelot. "Des "conquistadors" en Afrique centrale : espaces naturels, chasses et guerres coloniales dans l'Etat indépendant du Congo (années 1880 - années 1900)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0033.
Full textCentral Africa has been characterized by a very long thirty years war from the 1880s to the 1900s as the Congo Free State, the private property of the King of the Belgians Leopold II, was built up in the region. This thesis aims at analysing armed violence and conflicts occurring in the Congo area at the end of the 19th Century and studying war experiences of European soldiers involved in the colonial conquest – also named “conquistadors”. This research is based on a various sources such as private archives (letters, memoirs, notebooks), state archives (commission of inquiry) and iconographic material (drawings, photographs), embracing a large social history of those soldiers from their departure to the Congo to their return in Europe. The analysis of their representations and practices during the colonial conquest period reveals one key element, i.e. the importance of their relationship to nature and wildlife. As fierce hunters they define the natural world and populations as many examples of savagery that need to be domesticated and controlled. Thus this research showcases the strong links established by those men between hunting and war of conquest. Those European soldiers think of themselves as powerful chiefs, well armed and helped by a mighty colonial army, the Force Publique. They have developed hunting gestures and practices that helped them to submit indigenous peoples and impose forced labour. This thesis especially argues that such hunting model is very significant in the rubber wars that were led by the Congo Free State and private companies; it also shows the importance of trophies in colonial war experiences. The links between hunting and war are finally well-exemplified back in Europe when those soldiers displayed African items and animal trophies
Lawson, Boêvi Denis. "Les identités partagées comme facteur de paix et de stabilité : le cas du Bénin." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40019/document.
Full textClassical perspectives on the socio-political trajectory of the African continent are often pessimist. They will mostly remain so for some time to as contemporary history reveals a continent continually riddled with political instability and wracked by civil wars, whilst emerging democracies are subjected to tensions at the onset of elections. This work offers a reflection and an alternative scientific perspective by focusing on Benin. Since its Independence, Benin has not experienced lethal violence or pathological social chaos causing immense destruction and disaster. This thesis addresses and links several issues: a collective memory, relationships to other people, the idea that residents belong to a unity called Benin; the existence of symbols that benefit national consciousness; socialization aimed at achieving a sense of community; and a peace process. Tensions were at low lethality levels were present and still exist but have so far been limited. They characterize the contingent stages of a political society and its political history.Our theoretical approach privileges a general reflection on: the interaction between duality and otherness – there is always on “other” for an “other” – and the issue of peace; here (within a country), and elsewhere (abroad). Identity profiles are never the same across time and space. But beyond various differences, the fact that space promotes the emergence of collectively shared identities possibly contributes to the peace process. During the implementation of the peace process, the idea of Benin becomes stronger than Benin itself; an entity which is, first of all, substantive in nature. The Beninese are not in peace just because they have the same skin colour, the same history or a common language. Three years of field research (2007 – 2010) constituted the most important period of the empirical research that was used to demonstrate this. About a hundred interviews were conducted and focus group discussions were held within communities where the issue of shared identity was a daily problem. This doctoral study is therefore an account of results obtained and proposed analyses
Samarbakhsh-Liberge, Lydia. "Un turbulent silence : récits, mémoires et représentations du massacre de Shaperville, Afrique du Sud, 21 mars 1960." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0132.
Full textThe Sharpeville massacre (March 21, 1960), where the police shot down 69 South Africans and wounded almost 200, is regarded, both in history and politics, as a major historical turning point. From the very beginning, two (apparently) antagonistic interpretations of the event were developed : the first one sees it as a failed attempt to overcome the appartheid regime, and the second one as an obvious evidence of the violent and barbaric nature of apartheid. A shadow of mystery on the very circumstances of the tragedy, as well as the crisis that followed, have influenced, for forty years historical analyses, transmissions of the memory of the event, and the nature of its commemorations. From 1960 up to 1976, a wall of silence has surrounded the country and favoured the legendary and symbolic dimension of the event often to the detriment of historical knowledge. This study based on the comperative critics of primary and secondary sources, draws on the complicated building process of the narratives and evocations of the massacre, along forty years, and their use in politics. Instead of simply disqualifying the symbolistic scope as such, this work describes and explains that dimension, on the ground of historical investigations and in the eyes of the evolutions of the South African society in the mists and the fall of apartheid
D'Aoust, Olivia. "Post-war economics: micro-level evidence from the African Great Lakes Region." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209098.
Full textIn the second chapter, entitled "On the Instrumental Power of Refugees: Household Composition and Civil War in Burundi", I study changes in household composition following household's exposure to civil war in Burundi. The analyses rely on a panel dataset collected in rural Burundi in 2005 and 2010. To address concerns over the endogenous distribution violence, I use an instrumental variables strategy using the distance to refugee camps, in which the Hutu rebellion was organized from the mid-1990s onwards. The analysis focuses on the impact of violence on demographic changes within households.
The third chapter, entitled "Who Benefited from Burundi's Demobilization Program?" and co-authored with Olivier Sterck (University of Oxford) and Philip Verwimp (ULB), assesses the impact of the demobilization cash transfers program, which took place from 2004 onwards in post-war Burundi. In the short run, we find that the cash payments had a positive impact on beneficiaries' consumption, non-food spending and investments. Importantly, it also generated positive spillovers on civilians in their home villages. However, both the direct impact and the spillovers seem to vanish in the long run. Ex-combatants' investments in assets were not productive enough to sustain their consumption pattern in the long run, as they ultimately ran out of demobilization money.
In the fourth chapter, entitled "From Rebellion to Electoral Violence. Evidence from Burundi" and co-authored with Andrea Colombo (ULB) and Olivier Sterck (University of Oxford), we aim at understanding the triggers of electoral violence in 2010, only a few months after the end of the war. We find that an acute polarization between ex-rebel groups -capturing the presence of groups with equal support - and political competition are both highly conducive to electoral violence. Disaggregating electoral violence by type, we show that these drivers explain different types of violence. Perhaps surprisingly, we find that ethnic diversity is not associated with electoral violence in post-conflict Burundi.
In the last chapter, entitled "Who Benefits from Customary Justice? Rent-seeking, Bribery and Criminality in sub-Saharan Africa" and co-authored with Olivier Sterck (University of Oxford), we have a closer look at the judicial system of Uganda, an important institution in a post-conflict economy. In many African countries, customary and statutory judicial systems co-exist. Customary justice is exercised by local courts and based on restorative principles, while statutory justice is mostly retributive and administered by magistrates' courts. As their jurisdiction often overlaps, victims can choose which judicial system to refer to, which may lead to contradictions between rules and inconsistencies in judgments. In this essay, we construct a model representing a dual judicial system and we show that this overlap encourages rent-seeking and bribery, and yields to high rates of petty crimes and civil disputes.
In Burundi, history has shown that instability in one country of the Great Lake region may destabilize the whole area, with dramatic effect on civilian population. Understanding the dynamics laying at the origin of violence, during and after civil conflict, is crucial to prevent violence relapse in any form, from petty criminality to larger scale combats.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Sardoschau, Sulin. "Migration, aid, and conflict : essays in political economy and development." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E053.
Full textThis dissertation sheds light on the concept of globalization as a result of political competition, analyzing the sources and consequences of conflict, as well as highlighting the socio-cultural dimensions of globalization. Under the thematic umbrella of political economics and economic development, I address a broad range of topics that have been at the center of the public debate in recent years. ln particular, I explore the links between migration and culture, attitudes, aid and conflict, and the inter-generational consequences of conflict for economic development. I address these subjects both theoretically and empirically, using a broad set econometric strategies. The empirical component of this dissertation comprises a global cross-country analysis of migration and cultural proximity, a sub-national analysis on Chinese aid in Africa, and a household-level analysis on the consequences of war in Iraq
Sicoe-Tirea, Bauduin Roxana. "Du pouvoir dictatorial au mal moral : une lecture du roman africain francophone depuis 1968." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030132.
Full textThe representation of dictatorial power has become a recurrent theme in the works of Francophone African writers ever since Ahmadou Kourouma published his novel The Suns of Independence in 1968. Over the last twenty years the theme has revolved around the ramifications of a radical moral evil. Where does this thematic choice stem from? How does one define its impact on the writings from 1968 to the present-day? One notices that the narratives retrace the same paths portraying the birth and the murderous journeys of the African figure of authority. This dissertation examines, firstly, the dictators’ genetic territories, secondly, the mythical valences that they call into question, and lastly, their broken discourse and the incoherencies defining them. This is an attempt at capturing, through the use of the interpretative critical approach, the dynamics of political power perceived as a mental disease illustrated at first, through its proliferation, then its peak, and lastly, its ambiguous remission. The advent of the historical element in the literary text is accomplished by putting state authority into perspective and by using subversive imagination, which become, in the end, a space of liberty. This dissertation traces, therefore, the artistic itinerary of a quest for healing
Druetz, Thomas. "La contractualisation de compagnies militaires privées dans la guerre - Retour à l'utilisation des mercenaires ou nouvelle configuration de l'exercice de la violence légitime?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26779/26779.pdf.
Full textSodjadan, Amévi. "Le genre et la question identitaire dans les crises et conflits en Afrique subsaharienne : cas du Togo et de la Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080059.
Full textThe power dynamics that govern the relationship between man and woman creates inequalities that are the non-effectiveness of the rights of women, the stereotypes often associated to women as well as violence against them. These significant inequalities in normal times or peace times, worsen during the sociopolitical crises and armed conflicts where gender based violence (GBV) is now established as a weapon of war to destroy the opponent, its identity and its people. The objective of this research is to address the impacts, issues of gender and identity during crises and conflicts as well as during peacebuilding processes. Using the socio-political life of Togo and Côte d'Ivoire as case studies, the research seeks to observe the situation of crisis and armed conflict in a country, the impact of belonging to an identity, and the worsening of gender inequality and addresses the consequences of the crises and the importance of women whose negligence contributes to the failure of peace processes, and finally aims at the inclusion of identity and gender as important considerations in peacebuilding process