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1
Palacios, Margarita. "A psychosocial interpretation of political violence: Chile 1970–1973." Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society 16, no. 3 (July 28, 2011): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/pcs.2010.21.
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Sembler, Camilo. "Tejidos blandos. Indumentaria y violencia política en Chile, 1973-1990. Pía Montalva." Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales, no. 27 (2014): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4206/racs.2014.n27-09.
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Prom, Aurélie. "Les conflits sociaux et identitaires à travers la Nouvelle Chanson Chilienne : une approche culturelle de l’histoire politique du Chili, 1950-1973." Cahiers d'histoire 34, no. 1 (August 14, 2017): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040826ar.
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Au début du XXe siècle, le Chili et plus largement l’Amérique latine connaissent une situation générale de luttes ouvrières, de mouvements syndicalistes revendiquant des droits et une place dans la société bien longtemps niés par le pouvoir en place, conduisant à des affrontements violents dont les conséquences vont dépasser le périmètre de l’entreprise concernée. Au Chili, le mouvement ouvrier dans les années 1950 devient alors une véritable force politique et la situation politique chilienne permet d’illustrer ces conflits. À cette même époque nait dans cette agitation socio-politique un mouvement musical et culturel, la Nouvelle Chanson Chilienne, qui, s’il se revendique chilien, s’inscrit également dans une logique socioculturelle latino-américaine et plus particulièrement dans les conflits sociaux, en faveur des secteurs populaires. Aussi, c’est à travers une sélection de textes de chansons, la « Cantata de Santa Maria de Iquique » ainsi que certaines chansons de Violeta Parra et de Victor Jara que nous chercherons ici à illustrer une situation de conflit, en réponse à cette violence faite au peuple, qu’il s’agisse d’une grève ou du délogement des secteurs pauvres des « poblaciones ». Comment la nouvelle chanson illustre-t-elle les conflits sociaux propres au Chili et plus largement à l’Amérique latine au début du XXe siècle, à la fois acte de mémoire et de revendication politique et identitaire ?
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Tesche-Roa, Paula Isabel, Juan Carlos SantaCruz-Grau, Verónica Marianela Esparza-Saavedra, and Jordana María José García-Hernández. "Espacialidad de las memorias sociales asociadas a la dictadura (1973 - 1990) en el Área Metropolitana de Concepción (ÁMC), Chile." Revista Urbano 26, no. 48 (November 30, 2023): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2023.26.48.06.
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The Metropolitan Area of Concepción (MAC) was one of the hardest hit areas by political represión and human right violations during the dictatorship. Despite the impact of it, the urban development of las decades has been erasing the materialness of memories linked with the period. Emerging the neediness to map places of memory to dimension and territorially understand them, through geolocation and analysis of its spatiality and territorial distribution. In this regard, a wide distribution of spaces is identified that can be defined as "silenced places" and "places made invisible by daily life". In fact, a disproportion is observed between the quantity of events of political violence and violations of human rights and the scarcity of public spaces that account for these events. Also, it is relevant to verify a certain inadequacy of the existing spaces for contemporary development of memory practices, both in urban and architectural terms, raising questions about how social memories linked to the dictatorship are currently crystallized.
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Akdağ, Menderes, Serhat Yetimova, and Hatice Yaren Eser. "Children’s Victimization in Turkish Cinema between the 1970s and the 1980s." Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies 4, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v4i4.290.
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Between the 1970s and 1980s in Turkey, there were various problems such as rapid urbanization, migration from village to city, economical problems such as embargo and neoliberalism and political violence over the military coups. Our study focuses on the problems experienced by children which lead to child victimization through Turkish movies. In our research, we used deduction and induction methods together. Based on the political and economic developments in the period between 1970 and 1980, we looked at how these dynamics were reflected in the films by thematic analyze method. Here are the themes that we found in the films which are commonly used in relation to children in cities and their urbanization, child marriage, smuggling, political violence and education. In conclusion of the Turkish press and movies and according to the interviews we did with the people who witnessed those periods, the problems related to children manifest themselves quite heavily and negatively. The Turkish society, which is experiencing a rapid urbanization process, has continued the patriarchal, sexist, religious-conservative and statist discourse they brought from the feudal village life in modern cities as well. While this is a problem that the press and cinema criticize with a common approach, it is seen that children are also a part of this process.
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Calderón Opazo, René Fernando. "Elements of the exercise of popular revolutionary violence and the improvement of torture as a practice of state political repression in Chile (1964-1973)." Latin-American Historical Almanac 44 (November 29, 2024): 95–117. https://doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2024-44-1-95-117.
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This paper seeks to investigate the process of political radi-calization and the exercise of popular revolutionary violence, and the corresponding improvement of torture as a practice of state political repression in Chile, in the period prior to the coup d'état of September 11, 1973. For these purposes, the repressive practice of torture in the period 1964-1973, exer-cised by the state against those defined as political enemies by the governments of the time, in correlative response to the radicalization of direct actions in which they used revolution-ary violence in the public space, will be addressed. There is evidence of an escalation of revolutionary violence, with the appearance of different types of armed actions, which were unknown during the Frei Montalva government (1964-1970) and reached their peak during the Allende presidency (1970-1973) with the outbreak of the only suicide bombing in Chil-ean history. In direct correlation, the methods of torture worsened with the appearance, under the Frei government, of the use of drugs, the breaking of bones and the introduction of Brazilian hanging techniques, and during the Allende presidency with the application of torture to pregnant women, resulting in the death of the fetus.
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Morales Aguilera, Francisco Javier. "Fuentes para el estudio de la violencia política durante los años de la Unidad Popular en Chile (1970-1973)." Revista General de Información y Documentación 30, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rgid.69674.
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A diferencia de otros periodos y acontecimientos históricos en Chile -que concitan un trabajo más sistemático de interpretación, revisión y recopilación de fuentes documentales- el problema de la violencia política durante los años de la Unidad Popular acusa un desarrollo desigual e insuficiente. Como una forma de subsanar tal vacío, este artículo propone reexaminar una serie de archivos documentales que hasta la fecha han sido escasamente trabajados y que pueden aportar nuevos datos y perspectivas de estudio. La mayor parte de estos documentos está centrada en una dimensión individual de la violencia política de aquellos años, particularmente respecto a los actores sociales que la materializaron o padecieron. A partir de estos documentos se puede reconstruir una parte significativa de algunos de los problemas más críticos por los que atravesó la vía chilena al socialismo. La exposición de los archivos y documentos reseñados es precedida por una contextualización y discusión bibliográfica que proporciona un marco de análisis más pertinente para entender el aporte y utilidad de dichos recursos.
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Jenkins, J. Craig, and Stephen J. Scanlan. "Food Security in Less Developed Countries, 1970 to 1990." American Sociological Review 66, no. 5 (October 2001): 718–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240106600505.
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Despite a global food surplus, almost half of the world's less developed countries suffer significant problems concerning food. Most social science and policy discussions of food security make the “food availability” assumption that increased food supply is the key to reducing hunger. Critics argue, however, that increased food supply has little impact on hunger and that the primary culprits are entrenched inequality and militarism. A lagged panel analysis of food supply and child hunger rates (1970–1990) shows that the food supply has only modest effects on child hunger rates and that food supply is structurally rooted in development processes (domestic investment, urban bias, foreign capital penetration) while child hunger is politically based in arms imports, internal violence and political democratization. Population pressure, tapped by increased age dependency, undermines both the supply of food and the population's access to it, and cultural dualism magnifies the effects of population pressure on child hunger. The effects of economic growth “trickle down” to affect both food supply and child hunger, and economic growth is also positively correlated with political democratization, suggesting there is no short-term “trade-off” between growth, democratization, and social equity.
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Widhe, Olle. "Våldets pedagogik." Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v43i1.10903.
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The Pedagogy of Violence. Children’s Literature in Sweden at the End of the 1960’s
This article argues that the Vietnam War had a massive impact on children’s literature published in Sweden at the end of the 1960’s. Numerous children’s books portrayed the child as confronting the horrifying scenes from the Vietnam War through television news reports. These books indicate the need for a literature that in some way could explain the violence taking place in the surrounding world to small children. The examples provided in this article illustrate the scale of this impact but also the different ways in which authors dealt with the situation. The author’s choice of aesthetic form and genre was deeply influenced by political as well as pedagogical concerns following new conceptions of child care and child development. The understanding of the connection between, on the one hand, violence and aggression and, one the other, children and play was inspired by psychodynamic theories that offered new impulses to the discussion about the function of children’s literature. However, these conceptions of childhood, play and fantasy were to a considerable extent in conflict with not only the demand for a politically engaged and profoundly realistic literature but also the question of how much violence and darkness the young child could take in and deal with.
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Leiva Quijada, Gonzalo. "Cultura visual en Chile: violencia simbólica y desplazamientos culturales desde la editorial Quimantú y su colección “Nosotros los Chilenos”. 1970-1976." Revista Grafía- Cuaderno de trabajo de los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Autónoma de Colombia 10, no. 2 (July 14, 2013): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26564/16926250.494.
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Resumen:La investigación centra su objetivo en las formulaciones culturales y estéticas realizadas por el proyecto editorial del Gobierno de Salvador Allende a partir de su empresa editorial Quimantú. El análisis se centra en las aportaciones a la cultura visual realizadas por la colección más destacada “Nosotros los chilenos” y como este avanza tras el Golpe de Estado hasta el cierre definitivo de la empresa en 1976.Palabras clave: Dictadura militar, proyecto editorial, cultura visual. ********************************************************************Visual culture in Chile: symbolic violence and cultural displacement from the publishing house Quimantú and its collection “We, the Chileans”. 1970-1976Abstract:This research center its objective on the cultural and esthetic formulations made by the publishing project of Salvador Allende’s government from his publishing enterprise Quimantú. This analyses is centered on the contributions to the visual culture produced by the most remarkable collection “We, the Chileans” and how this one goes ahead after the Coup d’état until the enterprise closure in 1976.Keyword: Military dictatorship, Publishing house projet, Visual culture. ************************************************************** Cultura visual no Chile: violência simbólica e deslocamentos culturais desde a editorial Quimantú e sua coleção “Nosotros los Chilenos”. 1970-1976Resumo:A investigação centra seu objetivo nas formulações culturais e estéticas realizadas pelo projeto editorial do governo de Salvador Allende a partir de sua empresa editorial Quimantú. A análise se centra nas contribuições à cultura visual, realizadas pela coleção mais destacada “Nosotros los chilenos”, e como este avança depois do Golpe de Estado até o fechamento definitivo da empresa em 1976.Palavras chave: Ditadura militar, projeto editorial, cultura visual.
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Heinz, Wolfgang S. "Motives for ‘Disappearances’ in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay in the 1970s." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 13, no. 1 (March 1995): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934419501300105.
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The article looks at the motives of military governments in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay to introduce ‘disappearances’ as a new method to fight ‘subversion’ and thereby commit human rights violations. Five variables are taken as a point of departure, the country's previous experience with use of state violence, the selection of victims, the role of international public opinion, the selection of methods within the state and ideological factors. Among the key elements were in two countries the shift of responsibility for the use of violence to the military before the coup (except Chile), a lack of civilian control and influence in the formulation and control of internal security policies and an overwhelming, confused ideological definition in Argentina and in Chile (to a lesser degree in Uruguay) of the armed conflict as a war between good and evil and against World Communism which endangered the survival of the nation.
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San Miguel Pérez, Enrique. "Eduardo Frei Montalva y las históricas y globales exigencias cívicas del Estado de Derecho." Araucaria, no. 48 (2021): 469–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2021.i48.21.
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La rotunda personalidad política de Eduardo Frei Montalva, presidente cristiano-demócrata de Chile entre 1964 y 1970, y líder de la oposición democrática tras la violenta instalación de la dictadura del general Augusto Pinochet en 1973, incluye, ya en su tiempo, un poderoso pensamiento sobre la democracia, el Estado de Derecho y la ciudadanía global, así como el origen y significado de la Historia. Y sus análisis y propuestas conservan plena vigencia política y jurídica.La rotunda personalidad política de Eduardo Frei Montalva, presidente cristiano-demócrata de Chile entre 1964 y 1970, y líder de la oposición democrática tras la violenta instalación de la dictadura del general Augusto Pinochet en 1973, incluye, ya en su tiempo, un poderoso pensamiento sobre la democracia, el Estado de Derecho y la ciudadanía global, así como el origen y significado de la Historia. Y sus análisis y propuestas conservan plena vigencia política y jurídica.
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Ghosh, Ritwik. "Fictional and Non-fictional Narrative Representations of State Repression and Terror in the Dirty Wars in Argentina (1976-1983) and Chile (1973-1990)." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 2, no. 4 (July 20, 2021): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v2i4.258.
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I argue that fictional representations of the Dirty Wars in Argentina (1976-1983) and Chile (1973-1990) allow for the possibility of forgiveness and healing, while non-fictional representations such as testimonies and conversations do not. Focusing on a variety of fictional and non-fictional texts, I analyze why and how state repression inflicts trauma and violence upon its victims and survivors. The novels I analyze are no place for heroes by Laura Restrepo, El Angel’s Last Conquest by Elvira Orphée and Bedside manners by Luisa Valenzuela. The non–fictional works I analyze are Nunca Mas: A Report By Argentina’s National Commission on Disappeared People, That Inferno: Conversations of Five Women Survivors of an Argentine Torture Camp, Circle Over Death: Testimonies of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo and We, Chile: Personal Testimonies of the Chilean Arpilleristas. The theoretical underpinnings of my arguments are Paul Ricouer’s Memory, History, Forgetting (2004) and Avishai Margalit’s The Ethics of Memory (2002), both of which attempt to think through the relationship between forgetting and forgiving.
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Vilches, Patricia. "Andrés Wood’s Machuca and Violeta Went to Heaven." Latin American Perspectives 43, no. 5 (July 8, 2016): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x16651084.
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A suppressed collective memory of the 1960s and early 1970s is now emergent among all Chileans, at home and abroad, including those who once wished to forget or to deny the violence, division, and injustice of the Chilean dictatorship. The treatment of class conflict and social division in two films directed by Andrés Wood— Machuca and Violeta Went to Heaven—has contributed to this awakening, pointing out that cultural experiences and economic destiny in Chile have been determined by divided geographical spaces. La memoria colectiva de los años 60 y principios de los 70 en Chile, que había estado suprimida hasta ahora, está surgiendo entre todos los chilenos, dentro y fuera del país, incluso entre aquellos que una vez desearon olvidar o negar la violencia, las divisiones y las injusticias de la dictadura chilena. El tratamiento de los conflictos de clase y las divisiones sociales en dos películas dirigidas por Andrés Wood— Machuca y Violeta se fue a los cielos—ha contribuido a este despertar, al señalar que las experiencias culturales y el destino económico de Chile han sido determinados por unos espacios geográficos divididos.
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de Zarate, V. V. O. "Terrorism and Political Violence during the Pinochet Years: Chile, 1973-1989." Radical History Review 2003, no. 85 (January 1, 2003): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2003-85-182.
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Aguilera, Carolina. "Memories and silences of a segregated city: Monuments and political violence in Santiago, Chile, 1970–1991." Memory Studies 8, no. 1 (December 22, 2014): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698014552413.
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How does Santiago, Chile, remember its dead, the victims of political violence of the 1970s and 1980s? The existence of dozens of memorials, monuments, and sites dedicated to the memory of victims of the dictatorship would seem to indicate a settled national cultural politics that recognizes the injustices and crimes committed by a terrorist State. The public, nongovernmental nature of the initiatives is, nonetheless, the first indication that we are dealing with an ambiguous political story. While the central government has supported these initiatives, they are mostly the result of efforts by social organizations and victims’ groups. The spatial-temporal reading of the scenario of commemorative markers proposed in this article offers evidence of a geography of memory that is configured, on one hand, by a memory project that has inherited political trajectories which have been passed down for a long time, articulated by small groups that at certain junctures manage to form into producers of local memory. On the other hand, the high socio-economic segregation in residential areas shapes politics of memory that are territorially discontinuous and that encourage forgetting in residential settings of the country’s elite.
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Pavez Ojeda, Jorge. "El violador es la verdad del grupo: sicopolítica de la violencia sexual en los centros de tortura (Chile, 1974-1976)." Historia Crítica, no. 86 (October 2022): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7440/histcrit86.2022.05.
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Sembler, Camilo. "Tejidos blandos. Indumentaria y violencia política en Chile, 1973-1990." Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales, no. 27 (2014): 177–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4206/rev.austral.cienc.soc.2014.n27-09.
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Briggs, Carl M., and Phillips Cutright. "Structural and Cultural Determinants of Child Homicide: A Cross-National Analysis." Violence and Victims 9, no. 1 (January 1994): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.9.1.3.
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Models of structural characteristics that may influence national infant and child homicide victim rates are derived from prior research. Expected effects of structural characteristics from a “social control” perspective are compared with expected effects from a “guardians, suitable target” perspective. Gartner’s (1991) claim that structural factors influence victim rates only in nations with low social insurance expenditures is also evaluated. Statistical analysis of three infant and child age groups with homicide rates from 1965-1969, 1970-1974 ... 1985-1988 fails to support the claim that high and low social insurance expenditure strata differ. Further, no independent effects of Gartner’s (1991) three measures of family structure are found. Indicators of family stress/resources, female status, the culture of violence, and a proxy for unmeasured variables and measurement error all contribute to produce high levels of explained variance in each age group.
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Dika, Qamil, Marsida Duli, Genc Burazeri, Rudina Çumashi, Romina Hala, Elsona Agolli, and Gentiana Qirjako. "Prevalence of child maltreatment in Albania." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 30, no. 12 (December 18, 2024): 821–28. https://doi.org/10.26719/2024.30.12.821.
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Background: Child maltreatment is a global issue that significantly impacts children's lives. In 2018, 32% of 15-year-olds in Albania reported experiencing physical abuse. Aim: To assess the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of child abuse and neglect in Albania. Methods: This was the 2022 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children nationwide survey in Albania conducted among 1877 schoolchildren (55% girls) aged 15 years. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and exposure to domestic violence. We analysed the data using SPSS version 19.0 and used binary logistic regression to assess associations between child abuse, neglect and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Lifetime prevalence rates were 33.1% for physical abuse, 16.2% for emotional abuse, 3.7% for sexual abuse, 15.7% for emotional neglect, and 7.0% for witness to domestic violence. Children living in urban areas had higher odds of experiencing physical or emotional abuse (OR = 1.4 and 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–1.7 and 1.2–2.2). Girls had higher odds of experiencing emotional abuse (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4–2.4) or emotional neglect (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 2.5–4.6). Girls and children from less affluent families had lower odds of experiencing sexual abuse (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3–0.9; OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.8, respectively). Children whose fathers were unemployed had higher odds of witnessing domestic violence (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–3.2). Conclusion: Abuse and neglect are highly prevalent among Albanian children aged 15 years, raising concerns over their future wellbeing. Action is needed by professionals and caregivers and at policy level to mitigate the negative impact and promote children's protection and well-being in the country.
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Paulsen-Espinoza, Alex, and Yilver Mosquera-Vallejo. "Violencia(s) y desplazamiento(s) en dos contextos latinoamericanos. El caso de Santiago de Chile (1973-1990) y el valle del Patía, Colombia (1930-2014)." Historia y sociedad, no. 39 (July 1, 2020): 51–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/hys.n39.82566.
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Las violencias y el desplazamiento son dos formas de despojo que históricamente se han aplicado bajo el signo del capitalismo. En América Latina la literatura ha develado que la imposición de los patrones neoliberales se realizó por medio de la violencia y la militarización. Al momento de comparar su aplicación y expresión en el espacio y las relaciones sociales, estos se muestran diferentes, pero con objetivos comunes. A través de un ejerciciocomparativo de dos casos de estudio —Santiago de Chile y el Valle del Patía—, el presente artículo trata las formas en que estas violencias y desplazamientos se dieron en un contextourbano y otro rural. En términos metodológicos se utilizaron fuentes primarias de la época y entrevistas a actores claves para rescatar las memorias que todavía recuerdan las manerasviolentas y despojadoras de la instalación del neoliberalismo en sus territorios. Los resultados arrojan que estos dos casos evidencian cómo la violencia estatal y la legalidad como formas de desposesión tienen efectos que van más allá de sus acciones inmediatas y visibles.
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Barrientos, Claudio. "Género violencia y narración en las memorias del sur de Chile, Panguipulli, 1970-2001." Espacios 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25074/07197209.1.321.
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<p>Este artículo es una reflexión sobre el cruce entre memoria, violencia y género a partir de la experiencia histórica de mujeres en comunidades campesinas de la cordillera de Valdivia desde 1970 a 2001. El argumento principal es que el discurso y las narrativas de memorias construidas en función de recordar el proceso represivo que se inició a partir del golpe de Estado de 1973, no solo es un acto de rearticular el pasado en función de recuerdos, también es un acto político que posiciona a las mujeres fente a su entorno comunal, familiar y nacional. Este acto de hablar y tomarse la palabra, si bien es político y visibilizador de las mujeres, enfrenta límites y ámbitos de escenificación estructurados en función de lo que los discursos dominantes posibilitan. </p><p><strong>PALABRAS CLAVE: </strong>Dictadura Chilena, Derechos Humanos, Mujer, Narrativa, Victimización. </p>
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Görgen, Arno, and Heiner Fangerau. "Deconstruction of a taboo: press coverage of sexual violence against children in pedagogical institutions in Germany 1950–2013." Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 7 (December 12, 2017): 973–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443717745120.
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In 2010, Germany was shattered by a cluster of scandals concerning child sexual abuse in residential educational institutions. Previous attempts to broach the issue of child sexual abuse in institutions have repeatedly failed. This article investigates the historical preconditions that led to the immense awareness of child sexual abuse as raised by the media during this particular time. In order to create a holistic picture of the preconditions and awareness potential of the scandal, a database based on searching using a semantic field approach was created. The results were analyzed with respect to published discourses on child sexual abuse generally and in institutions in particular. Quantitatively, until the beginning of the 1990s, search results show a low but stable level of publication activity. This level increased strongly in the 1990s and, after a slight decrease in the new millennium, reached its peak in 2010. Qualitatively, the way violence against children in institutional settings was framed in the media coverage changed from emphasizing the motives of the perpetrator only (until the 1990s) to including more and more institutional and structural conditions that contribute to child sexual abuse.
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Galaz-Mandakovic, Damir. "Un pueblo libre fue quemado. Espacio otro, subalternidad estatal y fuego moral en la pampa de los Guggenheim. El caso del pueblo Las bombas (oficina salitrera Pedro de Valdivia, Chile, 1931)." Autoctonia Revista de Ciencias Sociales e Historia 7, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 1114–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23854/autoc.v7i2.337.
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Se describe y analiza un proceso que tensionó el nuevo modo de habitar en la pampa salitrera bajo el imperio de los Guggenheim inaugurado en 1926. En particular, se describe y analiza el surgimiento del pueblo libre de Las Bombas en las cercanías de la oficina salitrera Pedro de Valdivia, entre 1930 y 1931, poblamiento autónomo y de corta vida que tensionó el proyecto del nuevo habitar que proyectaban los estadounidenses en el marco de la aplicación de una nueva soberanía y hegemonía económica, política y social en un desierto que fue remodelado desde la mitad de la década de 1920. Se entregan los detalles de la conflictividad, las semánticas morales que operaron y los modos violentos de resolución de un conflicto, donde los funcionarios del Estado devenidos en subalternos del empresariado, coadyuvaron en un encadenamiento violento para hacer desaparecer el poblado considerado como un espacio otro.
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Swain, Shurlee. "Sexual Violence in Australia, 1970s–1980s: Rape and Child Sexual Abuse by Lisa Featherstone." Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth 16, no. 1 (January 2023): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2023.0013.
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Haapasalo, Jaana, and Sonja Petäjä. "Mothers Who Killed or Attempted to Kill Their Child: Life Circumstances, Childhood Abuse, and Types of Killing." Violence and Victims 14, no. 3 (January 1999): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.14.3.219.
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The objectives of the present study were to examine the life circumstances, childhood abuse, and types of homicidal acts of 48 mothers who killed/attempted to kill their children) under age 12 between 1970-96 in Finland. Data on the mothers’ life stresses, psychological problems, and childhood abuse were collected from mental state examination (MSE) reports. The cases were divided into 15 neonaticides and 33 mothers who killed an older child. Childhood abuse was documented in 63% of the mothers’ MSE reports. Qualitative analysis identified neonaticides, joint homicide-suicide attempts, impulsive aggression, psychotic acts, postpartum depression, and abusive acts. Nonlinear principal components analysis showed that different variables were related to the neonaticide and non-neonaticide cases. We concluded that despite differences in the psychosocial profiles of neonaticides and other maternal homicidal acts the cycle of violence perspective can be applied to both cases, even though it may not be a sufficient explanation for maternal child killings.
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Benítez González, Jorge. "Tejidos Blandos. Indumentaria y Violencia Política en Chile, 1973-1990. Pía Montalvo." Revista Relatos, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53382/issn.2810-6369.22.
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En el curso del presente año, al conmemorarse los 50 años del golpe militar (1973-2023) se han difundido una variedad de textos que comprenden distintas miradas y enfoques. Una de esas miradas es la que nos propone Pía Montalvo, académica del Instituto de Historia de la P. Universidad Católica de Chile. Su propuesta es realizar una “lectura de la violencia política desplegada en Chile por la dictadura militar a partir de los cuerpos vestidos, no vestidos y a medio vestir de mujeres y hombres afectados por ella”...
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Njoroge, Peris Waithira, Mwaura Kimani, and Hilda Nyougo Omae. "Exploring the Influence of Domestic Violence Exposure on Pupils' Behavior in Kenyan Public Primary Schools." African Journal of Empirical Research 4, no. 2 (November 4, 2023): 754–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.76.
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Families are perceived as protective, nurturing and provide a safe environment for growth and wellbeing of their members, especially children. However, children of all ages are exposed to domestic violence between parents. Living in an environment that has conflict can be challenging especially for children who are exposed. Children can be exposed as witnesses, victims or both witness and victim. The current study seeks to explore the influence of the type of exposure to domestic violence on pupils' behaviour in public primary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. A descriptive survey was utilised. Purposive sampling was used to select public primary schools that drew pupils from informal settlements and pupils from a two-parent family. During the data collection phase, formulae by Krejcie & Morgan (1970) were used to sample 380 pupils. An adapted Violence Exposure Scale for Children-Revised (CEDV) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were self-administered to measure exposure to domestic violence and internalizing and externalizing behaviours. Reliability of the questionnaires was tested by computing Cronbach alpha coefficient. CEDV had an alpha coefficient of α= 0.785 while SQD had an alpha coefficient of α= 0.77 which was considered reliable. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse qualitative data collected. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) aided data analysis. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (r) was used to test hypothesis. The hypothesis failed to show a significant relationship on influence of type of exposure to domestic violence on pupils’ behaviour n=380, r=0.043, p=.408>0.05. Major recommendations of the study are provision of sensitization programmes for parents to reduce child exposure to domestic violence. Further research includes conducting research to explore resilient factors in pupils from informal settlements exposed to domestic violence. Major beneficiaries of this study are pupils, parents, teachers and policy makers in education sector.
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Sáez Fuentealba, Luciano. "El lugar de la violencia hacia los pobladores durante la dictadura cívico-militar en Chile: disputas y silenciamientos en la construcción de narrativas oficiales (1973-2023)." Colombia Internacional, no. 119 (July 11, 2024): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint119.2024.02.
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Objective/context: The article analyzes the tensions in the construction of official and alternative truths about the repression of pobladores during the civil- military dictatorship in Chile (1973-1990). Despite the magnitude and massiveness of the repression against this group, it has only been officially recognized in a nominal and exclusive way. Based on a socio-historical reconstruction of the place occupied by the repression toward the impoverished sectors of the city, we investigate the narratives contained in the official reports of the truth commissions and the alternative responses of civil society. Methodology: A case study based on documentary analysis of reports, press, and secondary bibliography. Conclusions: The study evidences the contentious character of settlers in the canonical narratives on political violence during the civil-military dictatorship. In this context, civil society has played a key role in the dispute over the meanings and temporalities of violence; similarly, the place of pobladores as key actors in the political dynamics of the last decades is discussed. Originality: Given the scarcity of works that focus on the representation of pobladores in building official and alternative truths, our findings highlight the gaps and debts in constructing truths about the places and subjects of violence fifty years after the coup d’état in Chile.
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Zeitlyn, David. "Intimacy in a violent context: photographs from Mbouda (Cameroon) in a time of troubles." Africa 94, no. 1 (February 2024): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972024000056.
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AbstractAll archives have silences, which may come to resonate, even if they may never speak. What is unsaid or unsayable may be understood and appreciated even if never enunciated and never heard. The photographs of the Cameroonian photographer Jacques Toussele from 1960 to 1980 were taken against a background of violence: the uprising of the Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC), which started before Cameroonian independence and continued for the next decade. The fight against UPC ‘terrorists’ by the Cameroonian state and the French military was marked by violence on all sides. There is no evidence of this in the Toussele archive, which consists of administrative ID portraits and recreational shots depicting friends and family and various displays of intimacy. The Toussele photographic archive shows young people in Mbouda exhibiting the global tropes of modernity. Soon after independence in Ouest Cameroon, both the violence and the promises of 1960s modernity were challenges to traditional sociality. A local reading makes it clear that the violence was ever present in its absence and denial: to perform an event was no small achievement and, like the birth of a child, was to be celebrated and marked by photography. Intimacy was achieved against a background of violence and celebrated for this very reason.
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Carter, Daniel. "Violence, Ideology and Counterrevolution: Landowners and Agrarian Reform in Cautín Province, Chile, 1967–73." Journal of Latin American Studies 51, no. 1 (September 21, 2018): 109–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x18000652.
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AbstractThe article analyses social and political conflict in Chile during the agrarian reform period of the 1960s and 1970s through a case study of the province of Cautín, in the indigenous heartlands of the south. Using a combination of written and oral sources, it analyses the responses and strategies of landowners descended from nineteenth-century settlers to the emancipatory projects carried out during the presidencies of Eduardo Frei and Salvador Allende. In the context of an increasingly radicalised agrarian reform programme and a growing number of territorial conflicts with the Mapuche communities, this little-studied political actor developed a collective identity, an ideological discourse and a readiness to use violence which provides important insights into the causes of the military coup carried out in 1973.
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Silva-Escobar, Juan Pablo. "Fotografía, memoria y desaparición forzada de personas en Chile (1973-1990)." Caravelle 122 (2024): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/127gt.
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El propósito de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre fotografía, memoria y violencia de Estado. Para ello se analizarán dos fotografías en las que vemos a los familiares de los detenidos-desaparecidos de la dictadura de Pinochet demandando justicia, aparición y reparación de sus seres queridos en el espacio público. Se sostiene que estas imágenes no solo contribuyen en la legibilidad de la historia padecida, sino también permiten comprender el modo en que la dictadura de Pinochet se configuró como necropolítica, es decir, como una forma de gobierno que decide quien puede vivir y quién debe morir.
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Eva Nur Hopipah and Abdullah Syafe'i. "Problematika Hukum Keluarga Kontemporer: Analisis Hukum Positif (UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 dan PP No. 9 Tahun 1975)." JCIC : Jurnal CIC Lembaga Riset dan Konsultan Sosial 5, no. 2 (February 28, 2024): 67–78. https://doi.org/10.51486/jbo.v5i2.91.
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ABSTRACT The contemporary family law issues in Indonesia are numerous, especially as we enter an era where everything unfolds rapidly, impacting the stability of the family as the smallest unit in society. Ten issues analyzed in this research include: (1) marriage via teleconference and divorce over the phone, as reviewed under Law No. 1 of 1974 and Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975; (2) legal consequences of interfaith marriages; (3) joint property (gono gini) post-divorce; (4) mut'ah payments for career women; (5) divorce decisions without marriage certificates; (6) domestic violence; (7) the legality of polygamy; (8) clandestine divorces; (9) post-divorce child custody rights; (10) age restrictions on marriage. All are examined in the context of Law No. 1 of 1974 and Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975. The research aims to comprehensively address family law issues within the framework of positive law (Law No. 1 of 1974 and Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975). The research methodology involves literature review, utilizing primary sources such as Law No. 1 of 1974 and Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, contemporary family law issues, and other sources serving as secondary references to ensure the research's comprehensiveness. ABSTRAK Problematika hukum keluarga kontemporer di Indonesia sangatlah banyak, apalagi dewasa ini memasuki era dimana segala hal bergulir dengan cepat yang berpengaruh pula pada stabilitas keluarga sebagai organisasi terkecil di masyarakat. Sepuluh problematika yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini, di antaranya, (1) perkawinan melalui teleconference dan perceraian melalui telepon ditinjau dari UU no. 1 tahun 1974 dan PP no. 9 tahun 1975; (2) akibat hukum perkawinan beda agama; (3) harta bersama (gono gini) pasca perceraian; (4) pemberian mut’ah wanita karir; (5) putusan perceraian tanpa akta perkawinan; (6) kekerasan rumah tangga; (7) bagiamana hukum poligami; (8) perceraian di bawah tangan; (9) hak asuh anak pasca perceraian; (10) pembatasan usia perkawinan. Semuanya ditinjau dari UU no. 1 tahun 1974 dan PP no. 9 tahun 1975. Hasil dari tujuan penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menyelesaikan problematika hukum keluarga secara komprehensif ditinjau dari hukum positif (UU No. 1 tahun 1974 dan PP no. 9 tahun 1975). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dengan sumber primernya adalah UU no. 1 tahun 1974 dan PP no. 9 tahun 1975, problematika hukum keluarga kontemporer, dan sumber lain yang membantu penelitian ini agar komprehensif digunakan sebagai sumber sekunder.
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Mishra, Siba Prasad, Durga Prasad Mishra, and Saswat Mishra. "The etymology of Gender Violence (SDG-5) in Anthropocene: India." Journal of Applied Life Sciences International 26, no. 3 (June 28, 2023): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3607.
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Gender equality measures the human right of a nation. Feminist encounters are common in modern society and gender inequality is mounting in India during the present Anthropocene epoch (1950 onwards). Gender-based violence (GBV) has a myriad of adverse effects but is under-reported in India. The Paris Protocols of Agenda-2030 stipulate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for all sex and age groups of Hom sapiens. The present investigation emphasizes the theoretical perceptions and statistical approaches to comprehending GBVs (SDG-5) in India.
The present work involves the qualitative investigation of the frequency, physical appearance, and socio-demographic factors that correlate with gender equality and girl-child empowerment (SDG-5) during the Anthropocene epoch and finding means for both social and legal achievement. Feministic violence is mainly grounded upon childhood marriage, humane trafficking, female genital mutilation, etc. Achieving gender equality, and empowering all girls under hunger, war, climate challenges (CC), men dominance, and environmental exploitation, during the Anthropocene epoch.
India has recently ranked top in population than China. The pandemic COVID 19 has challenged the life/livelihood of Indians. Peculiar results of women and girl child atrocities are unexpectedly high in states like Assam, Odisha, and Delhi. During the last decade, the dowery and rapes reduced but intimate partner violence and kidnapping are mounting during biological disasters. The transformation of males' outlook toward their partners must be changed to achieve the SDG-5 goals.
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Bhavsar, Vishal, Jayati Das-Munshi, James H. MacCabe, Ioannis Bakolis, and William Lee. "Association of physical and sexual assault with mortality in two British birth cohorts." BMJ Public Health 2, no. 1 (March 2024): e000285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2023-000285.
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AimsThe association of assault in adulthood with all-cause mortality, and the relevance of intermediate psychological distress, alcohol use and cigarette smoking, is poorly understood. We used data from British birth cohorts (the 1958 National Child Development Study referred to as the 1958 birth cohort and the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study) to investigate association between assault and mortality, employing a formal approach for the identification of psychological distress, alcohol use and cigarette smoking as mediators.MethodsAssociations (HRs), between assault and mortality were estimated with Cox regressions, adjusting for potential confounders. Mediation via intermediate psychological distress, alcohol use and cigarette smoking was explored using the gformula approach. The birth cohorts were analysed separately, and together estimating interaction between exposure and cohort year.ResultsResults were based on 353 deaths in 19 725 individuals. Based on multiply imputed data, the fully adjusted estimate for assault on mortality was 1.72 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.42) in the combined cohorts, 1.53 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.40) in the 1958 birth cohort and 2.05 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.50) in the 1970 birth cohort. The fully adjusted estimate for the association of sexual assault with mortality was 3.17 (95% CI 1.17 to 8.60) in the combined cohorts, 1.36 (95% CI 0.19 to 9.81) in the 1958 birth cohort and 6.02 (95% CI 1.84 to 19.69) in the 1970 birth cohort. The fully adjusted mortality HR for one additional assault was 1.46 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.73) in the combined cohorts, 1.34 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.82) in the 1958 birth cohort and 1.53 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.87) in the 1970 birth cohort. Greater need for medical treatment for assault was associated with a fully adjusted mortality HR of 1.56 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.05) in the combined cohorts, 1.43 (95% CI 1.00 to 2.05) in the 1958 birth cohort and 1.79 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.74) in the 1970 birth cohort.ConclusionsThere was statistical evidence on combining the two birth cohorts, and on analysing the 1970 birth cohort, that assault in adulthood is associated with mortality. Understanding mechanisms underlying this relationship could benefit violence reduction strategies for public health.
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Ruiz, Marcela, and Oriana Bernasconi. "Reports on categorization and classification of human rights violations in Chile (1974–1978)." Discourse & Society 30, no. 1 (October 8, 2018): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926518801081.
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This study analyzes socio-discursive categories used to define and classify the political violence exerted in Chilean human rights reports (1974–1978) to understand the emergence of the repertoire of repression and the construction of victimhood as a social recognition and communicative process in Latin America during the 1970s. These reports are addressed as a professional discursive genre produced by non-governmental organizations whose purpose is to denounce the violation of human rights in the context of political controversies as well as in the Chilean totalitarian context. The discursive genre is characterized by objectivity, the credibility of the information, the event-based approach, the use of statistics to establish the type and magnitude of the violation of human rights. The corpus analyzed consists of 44 reports belonging to human rights archives. The statistical section and comments were coded according to narrative categories (participants, action, cause, time and space). The results show the predominance of the legal perspective to classify the violation of human rights, the emergence of the category of enforced disappearance, the relationship with the socio-political context and the categories elaborated to identify patterns of violation of human rights.
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Sluhayenko, Yuriy. "DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AS AN OBJECT OF CRIMINAL LAW INVESTIGATION." Law Journal of Donbass 73, no. 4 (2020): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2020-73-4-103-111.
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The article examines the phenomenon of «domestic violence», which is a social phenomenon that has deep historical roots associated with the legal consolidation of the subordinate position of man. Approaches to the term «domestic violence» are clarified and evaluated. Domestic violence is a serious violation of human rights that the state must uphold and protect. Among them are the right to life and physical integrity; the right not to be subjected to abuse or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment; the right to freedom from discrimination on grounds of sex; the right to healthy and safe development, etc. Ukraine has ratified a number of international legal instruments, thus committing itself to protecting people from violence, including domestic violence. The term domestic violence first began to be used in the early 1970s to define violence against men and insults against women. The key to investigating domestic violence is to find out that it is not a single beating or an accidental incident - although such things can happen and will, of course, be considered a criminal offense. Domestic violence is constant violence and insults. This is a situation in which the victim is constantly affected, sharing housing with the aggressor, being dependent on him and even, perhaps, having a sense of love for him. Domestic violence is a product of family and personal conflicts. It was stated that the scope of coverage of domestic violence has significantly expanded in the era of the so-called modern information society, which is accompanied by a more tolerant attitude of the population to the facts of domestic violence and criminal offenses in general. Researchers’ views on the concept of domestic violence were analyzed, which determined its types (physical, sexual, threat of violence, economic, psychological, non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of responsibilities for raising a minor child) and form (criminal and non-criminal). Due to the fact that the breakup of the family and difficult economic conditions entail the possibility of living within one apartment (house) already divorced spouses and their relatives, it is necessary to recognize as potential participants in domestic violence all persons living in one apartment (house) in family or other relationships.
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Kratcoski, Peter C. "Youth violence directed toward significant others." Journal of Adolescence 8, no. 2 (June 1985): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1971(85)80043-9.
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Cirano Herrera, Karina. "Violencia de Género, debates y tensiones del Movimiento Feminista (1973-2020)." Encrucijada Americana 16, no. 2 (December 30, 2024): 22–35. https://doi.org/10.53689/ea.v16i2.239.
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La violencia de género en Chile es un problema estructural que el Movimiento Feminista y de Mujeres viene discutiendo de manera activa hace décadas y que se perfila en contexto de Dictadura. Luego, al retorno de la democracia neoliberal, los debates en torno a la participación se hicieron parte de la agenda del Movimiento Feminista, dada la creación de organismos estatales especializados de género. Por ello, el siguiente ensayo busca revisar las teorizaciones y tensiones del movimiento feminista amplio desde una perspectiva histórica con relación a la institucionalización, academización, desmovilización y el surgimiento de políticas públicas contra la Violencia de Género, dando cuenta de tres conclusiones: i) el rol de los movimientos sociales y las oportunidades de acción colectiva en tensión al Estado, ii)la institucionalización del problema como oportunidad para dar respuestas a violencias estructurales y iii)la discusión en torno a la participación efectiva del movimiento feminista y las políticas internacionales.
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F. N., Okechukwu, and Ugochukwu A. O. "Women and Reproductive Health Challenges in Igboland: A Historical Study." British Journal of Library and Information Management 4, no. 1 (May 14, 2024): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/bjlim-tamov1nh.
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The objective of the work is women and reproductive health challenges in south east, Nigeria. The research also treats the nature of reproductive health challenges in Igboland before and after 1970, and the official reaction to reproductive health challenges in contemporary Igboland. The research method employed was the qualitative analytical method which involved content analysis of relevant documentary data on the subject. The approach adopted was also thematic. The research findings indicate that reproductive health challenges in Igboland before and after 1970 can be classified into five, namely: genetic reproductive health challenge, witchcraft and curses, labor and accident, harmful socio-cultural practices, as well as infectious and communicable disease. The government response to reproductive health challenges includes the different frameworks for the protection of the reproductive health rights of women. These include the domestic instruments as well as the international instruments ratified by the government. The study observed that a number of factors inhibit the provision and availability of reproductive health rights in south east Nigeria, and it includes the social and economic factors as well as cultural and religious factors. It also argues that in spite of these challenges, some successes have been recorded as a result of the official responses to reproductive health challenges in Igboland. These include the elimination of child marriages, reduction in the violence against women and reduction of the harmful cultural practices, such as female genital mutilation (known as women circumcision) and polygamy.
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Llanos, Claudio, José Antonio González, and Joel Stillerman. "Desempleo y flexibilización: Alemania Federal y Chile frente a las transformaciones del capitalismo (Décadas de 1970 y 1980)." REVISTA CUHSO 31, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 200–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/cuhso.v31i1.2413.
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Este artículo analiza las respuestas a la crisis de los 1970s y la de 1982, de Chile y Alemania Federal. Crisis que impactaron en contextos diferentes, tanto a nivel de posiciones en la economía capitalista, como en lo referente a los regímenes políticos. En ambos países se plantearon el desempleo y los cambios en los ámbitos del trabajo. En este contexto, en Chile, las turbulencias económicas mundiales, se ligaron a la reacción violenta de los militares a la “vía chilena al socialismo” que, en alianza con las grandes empresas y economistas neoliberales, permitieron el desarrollo de las políticas neoliberales. Alemania Federal respondió al final del “milagro económico” de la posguerra con políticas gradualistas que preservaron el Estado del bienestar. La economía coordinada de Alemania Federal y la influencia de los sindicatos dentro de los dos grandes partidos políticos postergaron la aplicación de estas políticas hasta los 2000. La comparación demuestra la importancia de las configuraciones políticas de cada país para explicar sus políticas económicas y sociales frente a cambios de la economía global. De esta forma, se evidencia que la política es el campo de construcción de las diversas alternativas frente a las dinámicas del capitalismo.
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Llanos, Claudio, José Antonio González, and Joel Stillerman. "Desempleo y flexibilización: Alemania Federal y Chile frente a las transformaciones del capitalismo (Décadas de 1970 y 1980)." REVISTA CUHSO 31, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 200–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/cuhso-v31n1-art2413.
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Este artículo analiza las respuestas a la crisis de los 1970s y la de 1982, de Chile y Alemania Federal. Crisis que impactaron en contextos diferentes, tanto a nivel de posiciones en la economía capitalista, como en lo referente a los regímenes políticos. En ambos países se plantearon el desempleo y los cambios en los ámbitos del trabajo. En este contexto, en Chile, las turbulencias económicas mundiales, se ligaron a la reacción violenta de los militares a la “vía chilena al socialismo” que, en alianza con las grandes empresas y economistas neoliberales, permitieron el desarrollo de las políticas neoliberales. Alemania Federal respondió al final del “milagro económico” de la posguerra con políticas gradualistas que preservaron el Estado del bienestar. La economía coordinada de Alemania Federal y la influencia de los sindicatos dentro de los dos grandes partidos políticos postergaron la aplicación de estas políticas hasta los 2000. La comparación demuestra la importancia de las configuraciones políticas de cada país para explicar sus políticas económicas y sociales frente a cambios de la economía global. De esta forma, se evidencia que la política es el campo de construcción de las diversas alternativas frente a las dinámicas del capitalismo.
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Cárcamo-Huechante, Luis E. "“¡Odio las poesías!”: Autoritarismo, poesía y auralidad en el Chile post-1973." Taller de Letras, no. 73 (December 1, 2023): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/tl.73.27-38.
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En una entrevista de la Revista Mundo, hecha al General Augusto Pinochet hacia 1980, se le pregunta y luego responde lo que sigue: “–¿Quiere que le diga una cosa? ¡Odio las poesías! Ni leerlas, ni escucharlas, ni escribirlas, ni nada”.Podríamos preguntarnos, ¿qué le suscita este “odio” hacia “las poesías” a un dictador como Pinochet, en un país como Chile, que se había imaginado a lo largo del siglo veinte como “país de poetas”? ¿Cómo se podría interpretar el tono exclamativo, tajante y taxativo de las palabras de Pinochet? En principio, el ímpetu del “odio” movilizaría la violenta consumación del Golpe de Estado en Chile el 11 de septiembre de 1973 y que se amplifica ideológicamente en la Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional y su tesis del “enemigo interno”–el cáncer marxista, el comunismo, “los políticos” y símiles figuraciones–. Este relato ideológico e histórico coadyuvará a sostener y sustentar el continuismo autoritario y contra-insurgente del régimen cívico-militar encabezado por el General Augusto Pinochet.
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Alfadia, Jihan, Muhamad Abas, and Zarisnov Arafat. "LEGAL PROTECTION OF CHILDREN AFTER DIVORCE DIVORCE RELATED TO ACT NUMBER 16 OF 2019 AMENDMENT TO ACT NUMBER 1 OF 1974 CONCERNING MARRIAGE (Decision Study Number 1145/pdt.g/2020/PA.Krw)." Justisi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 2 (September 5, 2023): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/jjih.v8i2.5774.
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Child protection is all activities to ensure and protect children and their rights so that they can live, grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with human dignity and values, and receive protection from violence and discrimination. Divorce so far often creates problems inherent in children's rights, namely the right to education, health, maintenance costs and so on. In Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, it mentions the rights and obligations between parents and children. It is stated in Law Number 1 of 1974 Article 45 Paragraph 1 namely: "Both parents are obliged to look after and educate their children as well as possible, while Paragraph 2 states that: The obligations of the parents referred to in Paragraph I apply until the child marries or can stand-alone. Which obligations continue even though the marriage between the two is broked, the obligation to provide maintenance for their child is not broken and the child still gets his rights as a child. The purpose of this research is to find out the legal protection of children after divorce and to find out the considerations of judges in deciding about legal protection of children after divorce.
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Órdenes, Mathias, and José Díaz-Diego. "Cuando la mano de obra se subleva: estrategias terratenientes durante la reforma agraria chilena (1964-1973)." Historia Agraria. Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 74 (February 22, 2018): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.074e07o.
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The object of this article is to describe and analyze the strategies landowners used against mobilized workers in south-central Chile during the agrarian reform. Key aspects analyzed in the development of landowner strategies include the traditional composition of the rural world, the changes occurring in the socio-political panorama over time, as well as workers’ unions and landowner organizations. Along with the potential for violence, unusual actions included patron organization unity, a propositional discourse opposing agrarian reform, a search for agreements with the peasant movement, and the establishment of an alliance with higher-level legal and tenant resources. A review of bibliographic, documentary and archival sources offers greater understanding of the reformist period. It has traditionally been conceptualized through a historiographic narrative of interclass struggles and political and labor confrontation, but here incorporates variables that include negotiation, coalitions and modernization.
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Jenkins, L. "An Evaluation of the Motion Picture Association of America's Treatment of Violence in PG-, PG-13-, and R-Rated Films." PEDIATRICS 115, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): e512-e517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1977.
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Sangster, Joan. "Criminalizing the Colonized: Ontario Native Women Confront the Criminal Justice System, 1920–60." Canadian Historical Review 102, s2 (July 1, 2021): s387—s410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr-102-s2-004.
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Over the past decade, Aboriginal women’s conflicts with the law and their plight within the penal and child welfare systems have received increasing media and government attention. Framed by the political demands of Native communities for self-government, and fuelled by disillusionment with a criminal justice system that has resolutely failed Native peoples—both as victims of violence and as defendants in the courts—government studies and royal commissions have documented the shocking overincarceration of Native women. At once marginalized, yet simultaneously the focus of intense government interest, Native women have struggled to make their own voices heard in these inquiries. Their testimony often speaks to their profound alienation from Canadian society and its justice system, an estrangement so intense that it is couched in despair. “How can we be healed by those who symbolize the worst experiences of our past?” asked one inmate before the 1990 Task Force on federally sentenced women.2 Her query invokes current Native exhortations for a reinvention of Aboriginal traditions of justice and healing; it also speaks directly to the injuries of colonialism experienced by Aboriginal peoples.
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Ramírez Bacca, Renzo. "Editorial." HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local 16, no. 36 (May 1, 2024): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v16n36.112993.
Full textAbstract:
En esta entrega de HiSTOReLo (vol. 16, nro. 36) se exploran diversos aspectos de la vida sociocultural y política en América Latina. Iniciamos con el análisis de Rosas-Salas, quien nos lleva a las décadas de 1830 y 1840, donde los curas en la diócesis de Puebla (México) enfrentaron un escenario complejo. Belan nos sumerge en el sur peruano durante los primeros años de la República, explorando la incidencia criminal y su relación con la debilidad institucional, la crisis económica y el auge del crimen. Flórez-Bolívar, Rhenals-Doria y Mercado-Cavana nos transportan a una Venezuela emergente como actor clave en el comercio petrolero mundial bajo la dictadura de Juan Vicente Gómez. Pavez-Marchan examina detenidamente el acceso de las mujeres a la Universidad de Concepción (Chile) durante los primeros años del siglo XX. Jalil nos sumerge en la década de 1930 y 1940 en Cali (Colombia), examinando las peticiones de residentes al Concejo Municipal sobre la reglamentación de la prostitución. Álvarez-Franco destaca la violencia sufrida por mujeres indígenas, afrodescendientes y mestizasde clase baja en Antioquia (Colombia) durante los siglos XIX y XX. De otra parte, Aristizábal-Gómez investiga la clasificación de los habitantes de las laderas de Medellín (Colombia) entre 1980 y 2012 desde la perspectiva de laNueva Historia Cultural. Este número cierra con Carmona-Moreno y Pérez-Flores, quienes identifican un ciclo iconográfico en la iglesia de San Luis Obispo en Tlalmanalco, México.
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Oliver, J. E. "Successive Generations of Child Maltreatment." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 4 (October 1988): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.4.543.
Full textAbstract:
Families were identified, in north-east Wiltshire (UK), (population 200 000), in which there was a pattern of two or more generations of child maltreatment and where there were also two or more children maltreated in the current generation (born between 1960 and 1980). These children had high rates of mental handicap, backwardness, and antisocial behaviour, and there were also characteristic patterns of emotional disturbance. The post-neonatal death rate for the 294 index children was very high, but higher still for their brothers and sisters. Some of the deaths, and at least 11 cases of violence-induced mental handicap (VIMH), were caused by characteristic types of child abuse – particularly violent shaking and throwing of infants, and secret suffocatory practices. There were very strong indications that larger numbers of children than the 11 proven VIMH cases had also suffered blunting of the intellect, physical complications such as epilepsy, and educational problems, as well as emotional and social maladjustment as the consequence of ill-treatment and neglect. Within the families, for children remaining at home, forms of ill-treatment and poor quality care persisted and ultimately affected most, or all, of the children in each family unit. Many families were chaotic, and within each family unit there were children frequently in care who suffered multiple placements, and who needed sustained specialist support throughout their childhood, encompassing a huge range of professional and other social support services. Such detail was generally underplayed or not accessible, and its full significance for children in each family could only be assessed by combining direct personal clinical involvement with record linkage methods, depending in turn on good co-operation from all agencies concerned wholly or partly with child protection.
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González Alarcón, Javier. "El golpe de Estado de 1973 en Concepción. Violencia política y control social." Revista de Historia y Geografía, no. 39 (October 31, 2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07194145.39.1654.
Full textAbstract:
En el transcurso de la historia de Chile, “Concepción se ha constituido en una de las zonas geográficas más importantes del país. Desde la guerra de Arauco, como línea fronteriza, en la cual las relaciones hispano-indígenas se constituían en un marco de referencia obligado de toda la región, pasando por su trascendencia durante el periodo independentista y años posteriores, hasta llegar al siglo XX, la región del Biobío, así como el ‘Gran Concepción’ y la ciudad propiamente tal, han jugado un rol significativo en el proceso sociopolítico nacional” (Monsálvez, 2012: 58). En dicho contexto, la historiadora Alejandra Brito indica que la ciudad de Concepción y su entorno pueden ser examinados y/o estudiados durante el curso del siglo XX sobre la base de tres aspectos fundamentales y significativos para la región. En primer lugar, la fundación de la Universidad de Concepción, constituyendo un polo cultural e intelectual significativo en la zona; en segundo lugar, las relevantes transformaciones sociales, económicas y urbanas desarrolladas por el proceso industrializador de mediados del siglo XX; y, por último, el quiebre producido por el golpe militar de 1973 (Monsálvez, 2012: 58).