Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vinyl chlorides'
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Datta, Gopal K. "Heck Reactions with Aryl Chlorides : Studies of Regio- and Stereoselectivity." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9202.
Gaikwad, Parikshit S. "Chemically deposited optical fiber humidity sensor." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2003. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06092003-141607.
Forrest, Martin J. "Characterisation of vinyl chloride oligomers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1988. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27931.
Fairbrass, Sheila Ann. "Surface deterioration of poly(vinyl chloride)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322083.
Ogilvy, Norman. "Vinyl chloride precipitation polymerisation : charge effects." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11229.
Dorobantu, Ioana-Miruna. "Vinyl chloride polymerization in microdroplet reactor." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0037/document.
Vinyl chloride suspension polymerization is a common reaction in polymer industry allowing to obtain one of the world wide most used plastics, known as PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Its applications involve mostly the construction industry but other domains are also concerned. This polymerization process is highly complex due to the toxic nature of the monomer, the good manage of heat transfer and agitation. The control of these process variables directly impacts the characteristics of the final product. Even though the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride has been extensively studied in batch reactors, there is a lack of data regarding the kinetics or the physicochemistry of a single monomer droplet during the reactions. The aim of this present work is to propose a microstructured device which enables obtaining monodisperse droplets within 200 µm in diameter, each one being considered as a polymerization reactor. After a good acknowledgement of the vinyl chloride/water system in microchannel the polymerization reaction was qualitatively described by means of droplet/polymer grain visualization. Real-time non-invasive Raman measurement has been performed on stationary vinyl chloride monomer droplets and has provided values of kinetic constants. A theoretical model was proposed, simulating the reaction conversion in good agreement with the experimental values. The morphologic characteristics of the PVC grains obtained in microreactor presented interesting features in terms of primary particle agglomeration or porosity
Sham, C. K. "Studies of poly (vinyl chloride)/polyacrylate blends." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37850.
Zaikov, Vadim Guennadievich. "A study of poly(vinyl chloride) microstructure." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623916.
He, Jianzhong. "Complete reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes to ethene and isolation of Dehalococcoides Sp. Strain BAV1." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180217/unrestricted/he%5Fjianzhong%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.
Chuang, Adina Shiang Mattes Timothy E. "Proteomic investigations of vinyl chloride-assimilating bacteria from pure cultures to the environment /." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/347.
Damron, Fredrick Heath. "Characterization of vinyl chloride degrading bacteria from a serial anaerobic chloroethene bioreactor." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=662.
Christin, Orane. "Synthèse totale de l’énacyloxine IIa, un antibiotique d’origine naturelle au mécanisme d’action original." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP5197.
Isolated in 1982 by Watanabe et al. from soil bacteria Frateuria sp. W-315, enacyloxin IIa is a polyenic antibiotic displaying a strong activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as a slight activity against fungi. This rather complex polyketide consists of a 23 carbons linear chain bearing 6 stereogenic centers, whose one is chlorinated, alongside a conjugated chlorinated penta-ene attached to a cyclohexane with 3 stereogenic centers. The structural complexity of this target induces a high degree of synthetic difficulty involving the synthesis of the fragile polyene unit or the control of the halogenated carbon stereochemistry. Our retrosynthetic plan features the synthesis of fragments A, B and C prior to their assemblage through esterification and aldol reactions. The synthetic strategy developed for fragment C1-C16 relies on a key Pd(II)-catalyzed alkyne chloroallylation, resulting in the selective formation of the (Z)-vinyl chloride, followed by a Pd(II)/Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne hydrocarbation of allenes and a final 1,2-elimination step to complete the polyenic chain formation. The synthesis of fragment A C1'-C6' relies on a ring closure metathesis, a Pd(0)-catalyzed carbonylation reaction, and a hydrogenation/isomerization one-pot sequence of the acrylate formed to generate the third stereogenic center. On the other hand, fragment C C17-C23 is obtained through a key L-prolinamide-catalyzed '-chlorination of aldehydes, resulting in the stereoselective formation of the desired chlorinated stereogenic center. Finally, the successful assemblage of fragments B and C was achieved through a diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction, providing access to the C1-C23 skeleton peculiar to the enacyloxin family. This manuscript also presents initial attempts to assemble fragments A and B
Zerfa, Mohamed. "Vinyl chloride drop behaviour in suspension polymerisation reactors." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6737.
McConnell, D. C. "Plastification of poly(vinyl chloride) by polymer blending." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411152.
Lee, David W. "Thermal degradation of polymer blends containing poly(vinyl chloride) /." Online version of thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10287.
Gu, Zhongchun April. "Assessment of reductive dechlorination of vinyl chloride and characterization of enrichments that grow on vinyl chloride as the sole carbon and energy source /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10169.
Payne, Lynda B. "The Dehydrochlorination Mechanism of the Internal Allylic Chloride Structure in Poly(Vinyl Chloride)." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626253.
Wang, Chao. "Oxydation catalytique des composés organiques volatils à l’aide de catalyseurs de type oxyde." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1332.
In this research works, composite oxides, noble metal supported oxides and noble supported MCFs were prepared, and their catalytic performances were investigated for the catalytic oxidation of vinyl chloride (VC). The Co-Ce composite oxide catalysts were prepared by citrate sol-gel methods, and tested for the activity of VC oxidation. The catalyst with high performance is the molar ratio of Co/Ce=7:3. The XPS analyse certified that the Ce introduction favored the presence of Co2+ and Ce3+ species, which changed the coordination environment of the oxygen lattice and generated more oxygen vacancies. At last, this catalyst exhibited a good performance and stability during 110 h of time on stream at 300 oC. Ru-modified cobalt oxides were prepared and studied for the VC oxidation. The XPS analyse certified that the Ru4+ will be in synergy with Co2+ concentration and this would also change the chemical coordination of oxygen on the surface. High relative proportion of Co2+ and Ru4+ will also devote to oxygen defects or vacancies. This would increased the catalytic activity and decrease the amount of chlorinated by-products.A novel heterostructured material, cobalt phosphate-SiO2 mesostructured cellular foams (CoPO-MCFs), was successfully synthesized by the in-situ growth method. The XPS confirmed a higher amount of surface oxygen species. The activation energy calculated from Arrhenius plots showed a lower value for VC oxidation. The influence of Co3O4 morphology, including cube and sphere, on catalytic activity of methylbenzene and vinyl chloride was studied. The Co3O4 cube had shown better activity and stability than that of the Co3O4 sphere. The cube structure, with Co2+ exposed on the surface, acted as the active site of the oxidation
Kakiuchi, Munetaka. "VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF POLY (VINYL CHLORIDE) GELS AND SOLS." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150247.
Brooks, S. R. "Photochemistry of metal salts in poly(vinyl chloride) film." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374818.
Hobson, Rachel Jane. "The structure of poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(acrylonitrile)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307019.
Clifton, Andrew. "Sonochemical modification of polyethylene and poly(vinyl chloride) surfaces." Thesis, University of Bath, 1993. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760647.
Kurta, Mykola. "Environmental and Energy Saving Technologies of Vinyl Chloride Production." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4352.
Tse, Albert Sze-Kwong. "Impact modification of poly(vinyl chloride) with chlorinated polyethylene." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054834010.
Liu, Xikun. "Aerobic vinyl chloride degradation at the microbial community level." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2238.
Kelsall, David Gerald. "A mathematical model for the suspension polymerisation of vinyl chloride." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37740.
High, Jessica M. "Microcosm evaluation of vinyl chloride bio-oxidation under anaerobic conditions." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219865442/.
King, J. "Correlation of structure and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355471.
Terranova, Steven Alfred. "Cross-Linking Additives as Smoke Suppressants for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625814.
Lo, Chung Keung. "Voltammetric and spectroscopic studies of dye-immobilised poly(vinyl chloride) membranes." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2003. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/425.
Allen, Matthew Robert. "Thermal desorption techniques for the analysis of trace level VOC's in landfill gas." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285725.
Lobry, Emeline. "Batch to continuous vinyl chloride suspension polymerization process : a feasibility study." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11498/1/lobry.pdf.
Kann, Yelena. "Chemiluminescence studies of degradation and stabilization of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398359.
INAGAKI, TAKAO, HIROSHI MANO, AKIRA FUKUMURA, TSUNETO AOI, NOBUO SAKAMOTO, and HISAO HAYASHI. "Invasive Character of Malignant Endothelial Cells in Vinyl-Chloride-Induced Liver Angiosarcoma." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17511.
Ramacieri, Patricia. "Microstructure and kinetics of thermal degradation of alkene copolymers of vinyl chloride." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72819.
Fontaine, Adam. "Degradation of poly(ε-caprolactone)-based 'green' plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride)." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117014.
Le polychlorure de vinyle (PVC) requiert l'ajout important de plastifiant afin d'obtenir un polymère flexible et plus facile à mettre en forme. Comme ces plastifiants ne sont pas chimiquement liés à la matrice, ils ont toutefois tendance à migrer dans le milieu environnant. Le phtalate de diéthylhéxyle (DEHP) est le plastifiant le plus couramment utilisé et est maintenant un contaminant omniprésent. Tout comme d'autres plastifiants, il peut s'accumuler dans l'environnement ou se biodégrader et former des métabolites qui peuvent résister à la biodégradation et être potentiellement toxiques. Cette situation inquiétante a susciter l'intérêt envers le développement de plastifiants verts offrant une alternative au DEHP et permettant de minimiser l'impact environnemental de la production et de l'utilisation du PVC.Dans le cadre de l'étude présentée dans cette thèse, une méthodologie a été développée afin de permettre la quantification et le suivi de la biodégradation de plastifiants utilisé pour le PVC ou proposés comme alternatives. Cette méthode basée sur le dérivatisation permet la diminution du point d'ébullition des composés et l'analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse (GC). Cette méthode a été utilisée ici afin d'étudier la biodégradation de deux familles de composés proposés comme plastifiants verts. La biodégradation a été étudiée à l'aide de la bactérie Rhodococcus rhodochrous et évaluée en fonction de la cinétique et l'étendue de la dégradation ainsi que selon la formation de métabolites et la toxicité résiduelle. Les résultats ont démontré que les plastifiants à base de poly([ε]-caprolactone ayant des groupes terminaux octanoïque se biodégradent plus rapidement et que ceux ayant des groupes terminaux benzoïque. De plus, aucun métabolite n'a été détecté lors de la dégradation des plastifiants octanoïque alors que les plastifiants benzoïques ont formés des métabolites et engendré une toxicité résiduelle du milieu de culture. Dans des conditions idéales de biodégradation, les métabolites se sont dégradés. La méthodologie développée et les résultats présentés dans cette thèse seront utiles à la sélection de plastifiants verts offrant une alternative au DEHP.
Horrill, M. D. "The effect of suspending agents on the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7513.
Matti, Y. Y. "The thermal degradation of vinyl chloride polymers and its relation to structure." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372345.
Domike, Kristin Rebecca 1981. "The impact of improved materials in poly(vinyl chloride)-based endotracheal tubes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28871.
Includes bibliographical references.
Endotracheal tubes (ETs) are used to aid artificial ventilation in millions of medical patients every year and are known to invoke the proliferative phase in the cell linings. The technical objective of this work was to investigate in vitro the interaction between epithelial cells and current poly(vinyl chloride)-based ET materials, as well as some ET samples embedded with materials intended to improve biocompatibility properties of the tubes. Cells were grown in wells with small samples of ETs and proliferation and migration were observed using phase microscopy. ETs appeared to increase cell growth wherever cells came into contact with the material. The cell morphology altered once in contact with the ET sample. Cell growth on and around the ETs with embedded material appeared to slow, but had significant visible changes in cell morphology. The need for continued research in this area of research and development and future steps are addressed. A proposal for starting a company around a safer material for use in endotracheal tubes was developed and showed significant barriers to entry for a small medical device company with a single product. Subsequently, the most appropriate approach for bringing a new ET to the market would be by way of a licensing with an existing manufacturer.
by Kristin Rebecca Domike.
M.Eng.
Soong, Sharon Yu-Wen. "Rate-dependent deformation behavior of poss-filled and plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38977.
Includes bibliographical references.
Polymers are known to exhibit strong time-dependent mechanical behavior. In different temperatures or frequency regimes, the rate sensitivities of polymers change as various primary and secondary molecular mobility mechanisms are accessed. The incorporation of nanoparticles can potentially alter the molecular level structure of polymer, offering the opportunity to tailor the rate-dependent mechanical deformation and failure behavior of the polymer. This study focuses on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) enhanced polymeric systems. POSS are hybrid organic-inorganic nano-scale molecules which consist of a silica cage with functional groups attached to the cage comers. Various binary and ternary polymer blends were produced by incorporating methacryl-POSS (C56I88,28Si8) (mPOSS) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) through melt blending. mPOSS was found to be miscible with PVC up to 15 wt% added. Both mPOSS and DOP plasticize PVC and reduce the [alpha]-transition temperature. While mPOSS also reduces the secondary ([beta]) transition temperatures in PVC, DOP was found to restrict the p-relaxation motions.
(cont.) The rate-dependent yield and postyield behavior was characterized in compression testing over a wide range of strain rate (10-4/s to [approx.] 4000/s). Due to the geometric and size distinctions between the two molecules, mPOSS and DOP have different influences on PVC local molecular motions, resulting in dissimilar mechanical behavior. A clear rate-dependent sensitivity transition in yield was observed in the pure PVC and PVC/mPOSS blends in the intermediate strain rate regime, which is attributed to the need for stress-assisted activation of [beta]-motions at high strain rates. A transition in rate sensitivity was also identified in high DOP content compounds; this transition is due to the [alpha]-transition. The potential of using POSS as a plasticizer for PVC was evaluated. Through the use of ternary compositions, the proportion of mPOSS in PVC was increased substantially. The T8 of appropriately formulated ternary PVC/mPOSS/DOP compounds can be reduced to near room temperature, and these materials exhibit desirable ductile behavior. A constitutive model was used to predict the large deformation behavior of the PVC compounds. The two-process model is shown to capture the rate-sensitivity transitions in yield and the large deformation stress-strain behavior at low and high strain rates.
by Sharon Yu-Wen Soong.
Ph.D.
Vale, Hugo. "Population Balance Modeling of Emulsion Polymerization Reactors : applications to Vinyl Chloride Polymerization." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10034.
Cette thèse est une contribution au développement de modèles mécanistiques de la polymérisation en émulsion et, plus particulièrement, une contribution à la modélisation de la formation des particules et de leur distribution de taille (DTP) lors de la polymérisation en émulsion du chlorure de vinyle. La première partie de l'étude est consacrée à l'obtention de données expérimentales. Des polymérisations ab initio ont été réalisées afin d'obtenir des données fiables sur l'effet de la concentration de tensioactif, concentration d'initiateur, vitesse d'agitation et rapport monomère/eau sur le nombre de particules formées et sur la cinétique de polymérisation. Des polymérisations ensemencées ont également été réalisées afin de déterminer l'influence de la quantité de semence et de la concentration de tensioactif sur la formation de particules par nucléation secondaire. Enfin, les isothermes d'adsorption du SDS et du SDBS sur des particules de latex de poly (chlorure de vinyle) ont été déterminées. La deuxième partie de l'étude concerne le développement et la validation du modèle de polymérisation. Celui-ci à la particularité d'utiliser les bilans de population propres aux systèmes ‘zéro-un-deux' pour déterminer la distribution jointe du nombre de radicaux et de la taille des particules. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats obtenus montrent que le modèle proposé est capable de décrire les principaux comportements retrouvés lors des polymérisations avec des valeurs physiquement plausibles des paramètres inconnus ou ajustables. Pour ce qui concerne la formation des particules, il s'avère que la prise en compte de la possibilité de nucléation (homogène ou micellaire) par les radicaux désorbés aide à expliquer les valeurs élevées du nombre de particules ainsi que l'effet négligeable de la concentration d'initiateur sur le nombre de particules. En autre, il est démontré que le phénomène d'agrégation des particules doit être pris en considération afin d'obtenir des DTPs cohérentes. Dans la troisième et dernière partie, deux nouvelles méthodes numériques pour la résolution de bilans de population d'intérêt pour la modélisation des systèmes de polymérisation en émulsion sont proposées et analysées
Bryant, William Stephen. "Mechanisms of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Pyrolysis in the Presence of Transition Metals." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626994.
Lintner, Carly Faye. "Exploring the diversity of vinyl chloride assimilating bacteria in enriched groundwater cultures." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4676.
Dobson, Meredith Lynn. "Assessment of methanotroph presence and activity in dilute vinyl chloride contaminated groundwater." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2860.
Zhao, Xiaobin. "Plasticised poly(vinyl chloride) : significance of plasticiser and surface modification for protein adsorption." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21257.
Varshney, Neil. "Lubrication effects on die plateout in lead stabilised rigid poly(vinyl chloride) extrusion." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24870.
Molefe, Dan Matlhomola. "Magnesium hydroxide derivatives as stabilisers and flame retardants for plasticised poly (vinyl chloride)." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53529.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Chemistry
PhD
Unrestricted
LeBlanc, Ronald Paul 1961. "Transformation of methane and vinyl chloride by methanotrophic bacteria in unsaturated soil columns." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278055.
Tran, Hoang Vi. "The Influence of Microstructure on the Thermal Degradation Behavior of Poly(vinyl Chloride)." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626102.
Ge, Xianlong. "Synthetic and mechanistic studies of poly(vinyl chloride) and some other chlorinated polymers." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623417.