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1
Williamson, Joe R., and Donn T. Johnson. "Effects of Grape Berry Moth Management Practices and Landscape on Arthropod Diversity in Grape Vineyards in the Southern United States." HortTechnology 15, no. 2 (January 2005): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.2.0232.
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Agricultural monocultures with intensive pest management practices reduce diversity and create instability in agricultural ecosystems, thereby increasing reliance upon pesticides. This study compares the influence of three insect pest management programs in vineyards on arthropod diversity as well as parasitism and control of grape berry moth (Endopiza viteana), the key pest of grapes (Vitis labrusca) in eastern North America. Vineyards in Bald Knob, Hindsville, Judsonia, Lowell, and Searcy, Ark., were managed with a range of intensity of insecticide use, a reduced insecticide program with Exosex-GBM dispensers for mating disruption, or no pesticide use in abandoned vineyards. Arthropod diversity and carabid (Carabidae) density in each vineyard was sampled with pitfall traps. Grape berry moth flight was monitored by pheromone traps. Grape berry moth–infested grapes were collected from the field and reared in the lab until parasites or moths emerged. There were significant differences in arthropod diversity between vineyard sites, with Shannon diversity index values generally higher in woods and managed vineyards with conventional sprays and/or mating disruption than in abandoned sites. Shannon index values for arthropod diversity were significantly lower at the vineyard edge in Searcy (recently abandoned), vineyard center and edge in Bald Knob (abandoned), and the vineyard edge in Hindsville (conventional sprays). In 2003, carabid density was significantly highest in the edge and center of the Hindsville vineyard (high insecticide usage) and the abandoned Bald Knob vineyard had significantly lowest carabid density. Apparently, insecticide sprays resulted in more food on the vineyard floor for carabids. The vineyard floor management was too variable among vineyards to deduce its effect on carabid density. With some exceptions, low-spray and no-spray vineyards generally showed greater diversity and parasitism of grape berry moth than high-spray vineyards. Parasitism was higher in some high-spray vineyards than in low-spray with mating disruption vineyards. Grape berry moth flight and berry damage were more dependent on spray timing than intensity. This study demonstrates that insect pest management programs impact arthropod diversity and parasitism. Further testing is needed to determine why parasitism of grape berry moth decreased in the vineyards using the mating disruption tactic.
2
Raji, Mohammad Reza. "A new method of controlling house sparrow damage to vineyards: Marginal planting of sunflowers." Journal of Applied Horticulture 24, no. 01 (April 25, 2022): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i01.12.
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Chemical pesticides used against house sparrows in areas where they cause significant damage to the quantity and quality of vineyard products can pollute the environment and harm the natural ecosystem. Sunflower seeds are a favourite food of house sparrows. The goal of this project, which lasted six years (2015-2020), was to see if marginal sunflower planting could reduce the amount of damage done to the vineyard crop by house sparrows. There was no marginal planting of sunflowers around the vineyard ('Red Raisin' cultivar) in the first three years of the experiment (2015-2017), and the sparrows damaged the vineyard crop by 32, 38, and 33 percent in 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The vineyard had a large population of house sparrows at first. However, in the final three years of the experiment (2018-2020), when sunflowers were marginally planted (200 m2) around the vineyard at a distance of 50 m, crop damage by sparrow beaks was 2, 4 and 2 percent in 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. During these three years, the vineyard's sparrow population was low, but the marginal sunflower field's population was high. As a result, planting sunflowers in the margins of vineyards is an effective way to reduce the damage caused by house sparrows.
3
Verešová, Martina, and Ján Supuka. "Changes of landscape structure and cultural values of vineyard landscape." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 5 (2013): 1459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361051459.
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The aim of this paper is to assess the structural changes development of vineyard type of cultural agriculture landscape in Čajkov cadastre. In landscape space out of built up rural settlement Čajkov the vineyards create a specific landscape segment which covers 6% of the whole cadastre area. Two time development periods are compared, i.e. 1896s and 2010s, or 2011s with emphasis to land use form changes and area size changes of vineyard parcels. The result shows that vineyards represent more than 100 hundred years continuity of historical valuable cultural landscape which was not influenced by agricultural collectivisation processes within the second part of the 20th century. The second part of the paper is aimed to assess cultural value of the vineyards by using 9 different criteria such as: age of vineyards, area plots and mosaic structures, archaic vine technology, anthropogenic relief, old vineyard’s buildings and sacral architectural elements, old large and rare fruit trees, traditional and local vine sorts, archaeological locality and finds. Assessed vineyards landscape of Čajkov cadastre is unique, has well preserved historical continuity in landscape structure and a high cultural and historic value.
4
Verdugo-Vásquez, Nicolás, Emilio Villalobos-Soublett, Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa, and Miguel Araya-Alman. "Spatial Variability of Production and Quality in Table Grapes ‘Flame Seedless’ Growing on a Flat Terrain and Slope Site." Horticulturae 7, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080254.
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(1) Background: Precision agriculture has been used mostly to study spatial variability in vineyards for winemaking. Nevertheless, there is little available information on the impacts of its use on table grape vineyards under different slope conditions. (2) Methods: The aim was to study the spatial variability of production and berry quality in ‘Flame Seedless’ vines established on a flat (3% slope) and sloping (23% slope) terrain in the Chilean hyper-arid northern region. (3) Results: The results showed that in both vineyards, the measured variables presented a high spatial variability according to their coefficient of variation, being higher in slope than in the flat vineyard. The geostatistical analysis showed that 82% of the measured variables presented a strong spatial dependence in the slope vineyard, whereas 45% and 55% of the variables measured in the flat vineyard presented strong and moderate spatial dependence, respectively. Elevation was related to berry quality parameters in both vineyards, while trunk vine circumference was related to berry quality for the slope vineyard and to yield for the flat vineyard. (4) Conclusions: There is an important spatial variability in table grape vineyards mostly those cultivated on slope sites. Therefore, precision agriculture tools can be useful for zoning table grape vineyards, and thus improving both economic returns of viticulturists and sustainability.
5
Costantini, E. A. C., A. E. Agnelli, A. Fabiani, E. Gagnarli, S. Mocali, S. Priori, S. Simoni, and G. Valboa. "Short term recovery of soil physical, chemical, micro- and mesobiological functions in a new vineyard under organic farming." SOIL Discussions 1, no. 1 (December 11, 2014): 1165–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-1-1165-2014.
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Abstract. Deep earthwork activities carried out before vineyard plantation can severely upset soil profile properties. As a result, soil features in the root environment are often much more similar to those of the underlying substratum than those of the original profile. The time needed to recover the original soil functions is ecologically relevant and may strongly affect vine phenology and grape yield, particularly under organic viticulture. The general aim of this work was to investigate soil resilience after vineyard pre-planting earthworks. In particular, an old and a new vineyard, established on the same soil type, were compared over a five year period for soil chemical, physical, micro and mesobiological properties. The investigated vineyards (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Sangiovese) were located in the Chianti Classico district (Central Italy), on stony and calcareous soils and were not irrigated. The older vineyard was planted in 2000, after slope reshaping by bulldozing and back hoe ploughing down to about 0.8–1.0 m. The new vineyard was planted in 2011, after equivalent earthwork practices carried out in the summer of 2009. Both vineyards were organically managed and fertilized only with compost every autumn (1000 kg ha−1 per year). The new vineyard was cultivated by periodic tillage, while the old vineyard was managed with alternating grass-covered and tilled inter-rows. Soil samples were collected at 0–15 cm depth from the same plots of the new and old vineyards, during the springtime from 2010 to 2014. The old vineyard was sampled in both the tilled and the grass-covered swaths. According to the results from physical and chemical analyses, the new vineyard, during the whole 2010–2014 period, showed lower TOC, N, C/N and EC values, along with higher silt and total CaCO3 contents than the old vineyard, suggesting still evolving equilibrium conditions. The microarthropod analysis showed significantly different abundances and communities' structures, in relation to both vineyard and time, increasing with rain precipitations in the old vineyard. Though the euedaphic forms, well adapted to soil life, were always rare. Microbiological analysis revealed a different structure of eubacterial communities between old and new vineyard in the whole period. However, the DGGE similarity values of such communities increased of about 2.5% per year, suggesting that at least 3 years more are needed to compare intra- and inter-specific diversity of the two vineyards. In conclusion, the consequences of deep earthworks on soil chemical, micro and mesobiological properties were still evident after four years from planting, indicating that more time is necessary for the recovery of soil functions, probably longer than that needed to obtain an economic grape production.
6
Wightwick, Adam, Mahabubur Mollah, Jennifer Smith, and Alison MacGregor. "Sampling considerations for surveying copper concentrations in Australian vineyard soils." Soil Research 44, no. 7 (2006): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05135.
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The Australian wine industry has funded a study to determine the concentrations of copper in vineyard soils and to assess whether the continued use of copper-based fungicides is likely to be detrimental to the long-term agricultural sustainability of vineyard soils. Prior to the conduct of regional surveys to determine copper concentrations in vineyard soils, a preliminary study was conducted in 6 vineyards near Mildura (34°S, 142°E) (north-western Vic., Australia) to determine sampling considerations. The study investigated the distribution of copper in the soils of vineyards with 3 different histories of copper-based fungicide use: <5 years old; at least 30 years old during which time the vineyard had been ploughed and replanted; and at least 60 years old. At 3 locations in each vineyard, soil samples were collected from 2 depths (0–0.15 and 0.15–0.30 m) at 0.30-m intervals along two 1.50-m-long transects running at right angles in opposite directions from the vine trunk towards the inter-row areas. The results showed that copper concentrations were higher in the top 0.15 m of soil (P < 0.001) and declined with distance from the vine (P = 0.002). The variation in copper concentrations between vineyards was found to be much greater than the variation within vineyards (variance component of 0.7746 and 0.0893, respectively). Balancing an acceptable level of error with the resources required to collect samples, we recommend obtaining 1 composite soil sample from each vineyard in regional surveys to determine copper concentrations in vineyard soils. Sampling depth and distance from the vine should also be taken into consideration in future soil sampling depending on the objective of the study.
7
Cieniewicz, Elizabeth, Madison Flasco, Melina Brunelli, Anuli Onwumelu, Alice Wise, and Marc F. Fuchs. "Differential Spread of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus in California and New York Vineyards." Phytobiomes Journal 3, no. 3 (January 2019): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pbiomes-04-19-0020-r.
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Limited information is available on the spread dynamics of grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) in vineyards. In this study, we investigated red blotch disease progress in three vineyards with a disparate initial inoculum prevalence. Secondary spread was documented in Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet franc vineyards in California, but not in a Merlot vineyard in New York. Increase in annual disease incidence (4.8, 0.13, and 0%) was unrelated to the estimated initial source of inoculum at planting (1, 40, and 40%) in the Cabernet franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot vineyards, respectively. Limited genetic diversity of GRBV populations in newly infected vines supported localized spread in California vineyards, and suggested the planting material as the primary source of inoculum. Among the community of hemipteran insects visiting two of the three study vineyards, populations of Spissistilus festinus, the vector of GRBV, were absent in the Merlot vineyard and low in the Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard. Furthermore, all cover crop samples collected from GRBV-infected California vineyards each spring of 2016 to 2018, particularly legume species which are preferred hosts of S. festinus, tested negative for GRBV, suggesting a minimal role, if any, in GRBV spread as inoculum reservoirs. Together our findings illustrate differential disease progress in distinct vineyard ecosystems, and support the elimination of virus inoculum sources as an actionable disease management strategy across vineyards.
8
Petrovic, Mladen, Bojan Savic, and Darko Jaksic. "Forecast of planting vineyards with local grapevine varieties in the republic of Serbia using the ARIMA models." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 146 (2024): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2446129p.
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Compared to the previous period, the vineyard area in the Republic of Serbia has decreased significantly. Although the planting of new vineyards is subsidized over a long period of time, not enough vineyards are planted to ensure self-sufficiency in domestic grapes, wine (wine products) and spirit drinks originating from grapes. This is especially case for vineyards with local grapevine varieties, which can be of great importance for the rural development and promotion. In this paper, utilized time series analysis, spe?cifically Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modeling was used to predict the dynamics of newly planted vineyard areas with all grapevine varieties and local grapevine varieties based on data from the previous 20 years (period from 2003 to 2022). The aim is to forecast the trends of newly planted vineyard areas, both for all grapevine varieties and vineyards with local grapevine varieties, for the period from 2023 to 2027. A time series refers to a structured sequence of observations. The structuring is frequently done in terms of time intervals. Forecasting time series data, or determining future trends, is one of the most crucial goals of time series analysis. Based on such analysis, it is possible to forecast the expansion of vineyard areas for the upcoming period. ARIMA models helped to determine five-year trends in data on newly planted vineyard areas. The forecast made in this paper showed that vineyard area of all grapevine varieties would be planted at an an?nual range of about 230 and 300 hectares over the next five years. The forecast for future annual planting for the same period (2023-2027) of vineyards with local grapevine varieties is in the range of only about 10 to 60 hectares. The obtained ARIMA forecast results, espe?cially for the forecasts for planting vineyards with local grapevine varieties, show that it is necessary to pay special attention to this problem and to initiate numerous measures and activities in order to increase the area of vineyards with local grapevine varieties in the Republic of Serbia.
9
PALUMBO, JEFFREY D., TERESA L. O'KEEFFE, YVONNE S. HO, and MATTHEW W. FIDELIBUS. "Population Dynamics of Aspergillus Section Nigri Species on Vineyard Samples of Grapes and Raisins." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-437.
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ABSTRACT Several species of Aspergillus section Nigri, including potential mycotoxin producers, are common residents of grape vineyards, but the relative population size of individual species throughout the growing season is difficult to determine using traditional isolation and identification methods. Using a quantitative droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method in combination with dilution plating, total Aspergillus section Nigri populations and relative proportions of A. niger, A. welwitschiae, A. carbonarius, and A. tubingensis were measured from vineyard samples without the need for identifying individual fungal isolates. Grapes were sampled from two raisin vineyards (vineyards A and B) at berry set, veraison, harvest, and raisin stages in two consecutive years. Plate counts showed that the total population of Aspergillus section Nigri present on the fruit increased from berry set to raisin and became a larger component of the total recovered fungal population in both vineyards in both years. Results from ddPCR analysis showed that the relative proportion of A. carbonarius among the four species assayed increased later in the season (harvest and raisin) in comparison to earlier in the season (berry set and veraison). Total fungal and Aspergillus section Nigri plate counts were not significantly different between vineyards in either year. However, vineyard A generally showed higher proportions of A. carbonarius in harvest and raisin samples than vineyard B. This coincided with higher incidence and levels of ochratoxin A in vineyard A harvest and raisin fruit than in vineyard B fruit. This work demonstrates that this ddPCR method is a useful tool for culture-independent monitoring of populations of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species during grape and raisin production.
10
Jaksic, Darko, Veljko Perovic, Dragan Nikolic, Dragoslav Ivanisevic, Bratislav Cirkovic, Vojkan Stojanovic, and Ivan Bradic. "Classification of sustainability potential of genetic resources of local grapevine varieties in Serbia." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 146 (2024): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2446091j.
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The starting point for every viticultural and wine-producing country with respect to local grapevine varieties is their identification, inventory, preservation and development of genetic resources of those varieties. There are currently 224 grapevine va?rieties cultivated in Serbia for the purpose of commercial production of grapes and wine. Out of that number, 31 wine varieties are local. Vineyards under those varieties can be dif?ferentiated by their importance for production of grapes and wine, and by the level of their endangerment, that is, sustainability in conditions caused by climate changes. This paper presents the creation, that is, the modeling of the Method for Vineyard Sustainability Clas?wine grapevine varieties on grounds of their endangerment and sustainability, based on 20 examined and categorized individual vineyard sustainability parameters; to carry out comsification (MVSC). The purpose of MVSC classification is: to valorize vineyards with local prehensive classification into one of the four established vineyard sustainability classes (Class A - very endangered vineyards, Class B - endangered vineyards, Class C - sustainable vineyards and Class D - very sustainable vineyards); spatial identification and presentation of vineyards based on determined vineyard sustainability class through application of GIS technology; and finally, application of Network Analysis (NA), prioritization of examined parameters and, therefore, vineyards. A total of 10,402 vineyards under local grapevine wine varieties were used for modeling, and it was determined that 29 vineyards with the total surface of 1.2 hectares should be classified in Class A, while 2,883 vineyards with the total surface of 158.2 hectares should be classified in Class B. With respect to the strength of 20 individual vineyard sustainability parameters, it was determined that the parameter Structure of the vine rootstock (SVR) has the greatest impact, and priority in selection of vineyards in different sustainability classes should be given to vineyards without rootstocks. In accordance with the scientific justification of obtained results, the MVSC enables comprehensive clas?sification of the potential for sustainability of genetic resources of local grapevine varieties in Serbia, and it can be applied in other countries and wine-growing areas, as well as to other groups of grapevine varieties.
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Zima, Lukáš, Jozef Kollár, and Ivana Vykouková. "Impact of the Former Vineyard Land Use on the Productivity of Secondary Forest Herb Layer in the Little Carpathians (SW Slovakia)." Ekológia (Bratislava) 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2016-0020.
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AbstractThe Little Carpathians Mountains include a vineyard region with long tradition that dates back up to the Roman Empire period (and according to some opinions, even earlier). In the late 19th century, it was strongly impacted by the phylloxera epidemic, and the vineyard area has significantly reduced here. Large areas of the former vineyards are covered by forests, which mostly have formed spontaneously, but some of them were also planted. This contribution is focused on the impact of the former vineyard land use on the productivity (aboveground, belowground, and total biomass) of such forest herb layer. Research included also the forests, which occupy rocky mounds formed by rock gathering and their placement on the vineyard borders. There were sampled by following four stands, mostly differed by tree composition, origin, age, and succession stage: (i) up to 100 years old spontaneously formed thermophilous acidophilous oak forest on the former vineyard on the granite substrate, (ii) up to 100 years old spontaneously formed oak-dominated forest on the rocky (granite) mounds (borders between the former vineyards formed by rock gathering), (iii) 40–60 years old planted ash stands on the gneiss bedrock, and (iv) 40–60 years old planted ash-dominated stands on the rocky (gneiss) mounds. According to our results, the former land use modified original relief, where the former vineyards have modified soil profile and new relief forms rocky mounds were created. These mounds with no or just shallow soils are usually much less covered by vegetation, thus production of herb layer biomass is lower here than in the adjacent former vineyards. Moreover, rocky mounds show a higher ratio of synanthropic species and apophytes than the adjacent former vineyards, and same as for ratio of therophytes. The younger the stands on the former vineyards, the higher is the ratio of synanthropic species, apophytes, and therophytes. On the other hand, when estimating the production quantity, the values of herb layer production on the former vineyards are similar to those in natural oak-hornbeam forests found in the Little Carpathians Mts. and the adjacent regions, except for the rocky mounds covered by old oak forests, which are less productive. In other words, the former vineyard land use affects the herb layer production quality rather than quantity.
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Seeger, Rodrigo-Comino, Iserloh, Brings, and Ries. "Dynamics of Runoff and Soil Erosion on Abandoned Steep Vineyards in the Mosel Area, Germany." Water 11, no. 12 (December 9, 2019): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122596.
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The Mosel Wine region has suffered during the last decades a decrease in productive area, mostly on steep sloping vineyards. To avoid the spread of diseases, the extraction of grapevines on abandoned vineyards is mandatory in Rhineland-Palatinate. At the same time, the organic production of wine is growing slowly, but well established in the area. We assess in this paper the degree of the land-use changes, as well as their effect on runoff generation and sediment production, depending on the age of the abandonment, as well as the type and age of the land management, whether organic or conventional. Land use data were obtained to identify land-use change dynamics. For assessment of runoff generation and soil erosion, we applied rainfall simulation experiments on the different types of vineyard management. These were organically managed, conventionally managed and abandoned ones, all of varying ages. During the last decades of the last century, a decrease of around 30% of vineyard surface could be observed in Germany’s Mosel Wine Region, affecting mostly the steep sloping vineyards. Despite a high variability within the types of vineyard management, the results show higher runoff generation, and soil erosion associated with recently installed or abandoned vineyards when compared to organic management of the vineyards, where erosion reached only 12%. In organic management, runoff and erosion are also reduced considerably, less than 16%, after a decade or more. Thus, organic vineyard management practices show to be very efficient for reduction of runoff and erosion. Consequently, we recommend to adopt as far as possible these soil management practices for sustainable land management of steep sloping vineyards. In addition, soil protection measures are highly recommended for vineyard abandonment according to the law.
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Costantini, E. A. C., A. E. Agnelli, A. Fabiani, E. Gagnarli, S. Mocali, S. Priori, S. Simoni, and G. Valboa. "Short-term recovery of soil physical, chemical, micro- and mesobiological functions in a new vineyard under organic farming." SOIL 1, no. 1 (June 16, 2015): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-443-2015.
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Abstract. Deep earthwork activities carried out before vineyard plantation can severely affect soil profile properties. As a result, soil features in the root environment are often much more similar to those of the underlying substratum than those of the original profile. The time needed to recover the original soil functions is ecologically relevant and may strongly affect vine phenology and grape yield, particularly under organic viticulture. The general aim of this work was to investigate soil resilience after vineyard pre-planting earthworks. In particular, an old and a new vineyard, established on the same soil type, were compared over a 5-year period for soil chemical, physical, micro- and mesobiological properties. The investigated vineyards (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Sangiovese) were located in the Chianti Classico district (central Italy), on stony and calcareous soils, and were not irrigated. The older vineyard was planted in 2000, after slope reshaping by bulldozing and back-hoe ploughing down to about 0.8–1.0 m. The new vineyard was planted in 2011, after equivalent earthwork practices carried out in the summer of 2009. Both vineyards were organically managed, and they were fertilized with compost only every autumn (1000 kg ha−1 per year). The new vineyard was cultivated by periodic tillage, while the old vineyard was managed with alternating grass-covered and tilled inter-rows. Soil samples were collected at 0–15 cm depth from fixed locations in each vineyard every spring from 2010 to 2014. The old vineyard was sampled in both tilled and grass-covered inter-rows. According to the results from physical and chemical analyses, the new vineyard, during the whole 2010–2014 period, showed lower total organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon to nitrogen ratio and electrical conductivity, along with higher silt and total CaCO3 contents than the old vineyard, suggesting still-evolving equilibrium conditions. The microarthropod analysis showed significantly different abundances and community structures, in relation to both vineyard and time. Rainfall appeared to have an enhancing effect on microarthropod abundance, but only in the old vineyard, where the biota was more structured than in the new one. The euedaphic forms, well adapted to soil life, were always rare. Microbiological analysis revealed a different structure of eubacterial communities between the old and the new vineyard in the whole period. However, the DGGE similarity values of these communities increased by about 2.5% per year, suggesting that at least 3 years more are needed to compare intra- and inter-specific diversity of the two vineyards. In conclusion, the consequences of deep earthworks on soil chemical, micro- and mesobiological properties were still evident 4 years after planting, indicating that more time is necessary for the recovery of soil functions, probably longer than the time needed to reach a state of economically viable grape production.
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Seniczak, Anna, Stanisław Seniczak, Ivan García-Parra, Francisco Ferragut, Pilar Xamaní, Radomir Graczyk, Enric Messeguer, Rafael Laborda, and Eugenia Rodrigo. "Oribatid mites of conventional and organic vineyards in the Valencian Community, Spain." Acarologia 58, Suppl (September 28, 2018): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184281.
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In this study the oribatid mite communities of conventional and organic vineyards in theValencian Community (Spain) were compared. The soil samples were collected in El Poble Nou de Benitatxell in autumn 2014 and spring 2015 from four sites, treated as replicates, each including a conventional vineyard, an organic vineyard, and a control (natural habitat, i.e. in plots 1-3 an abandoned vineyard, in plot 4 an area never used in agriculture). Two parallel samples were collected in each vineyard from a zone between vine rows, driven by a tractor (Tr), a zone between vines (Vi), the border of the vineyard (Bo) and from a control, making a total of 112 samples. In total 3,225 oribatid mites were obtained represented by 59 species. No differences were found in density of Oribatida between the conventional, organic vineyards and the control, but the species diversity was higher in the control than in the vineyards. In the vineyards the density and species number of the oribatid mites were highest between vines (the average from all vineyards and both seasons was 4,400 individuals per 1 m2, 15 species), followed by the border of the vineyards (2,800 individuals per 1 m2, 14 species) and were lowest between vine rows (400 individuals per 1 m2, 6 species). The species diversity of Oribatida was higher in autumn than in spring, while the density followed this pattern only in the vineyards, but not in the control. In the vineyards Oribatula excavata dominated (D = 25), followed by Minunthozetes quadriareatus and Passalozetes africanus (D = 18 and 14, respectively), while in the control these species were not abundant. In the control the most abundant species was Oppiella subpectinata (D = 28), followed by Eremulus flagellifer (D = 20). Podoribates longipes and Steganacarus boulfekhari are reported for the first time in Spain. To conclude, the oribatid mites did not benefit from the organic cultivation of the vineyards, probably because they are tolerant to herbicides used in the conventional systems but sensitive to mechanical cultivation of soil, which was even more intense in organic vineyards than in the conventional ones.
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Ravankar, Abhijeet, Ankit A. Ravankar, Arpit Rawankar, and Yohei Hoshino. "Autonomous and Safe Navigation of Mobile Robots in Vineyard with Smooth Collision Avoidance." Agriculture 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100954.
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In recent years, autonomous robots have extensively been used to automate several vineyard tasks. Autonomous navigation is an indispensable component of such field robots. Autonomous and safe navigation has been well studied in indoor environments and many algorithms have been proposed. However, unlike structured indoor environments, vineyards pose special challenges for robot navigation. Particularly, safe robot navigation is crucial to avoid damaging the grapes. In this regard, we propose an algorithm that enables autonomous and safe robot navigation in vineyards. The proposed algorithm relies on data from a Lidar sensor and does not require a GPS. In addition, the proposed algorithm can avoid dynamic obstacles in the vineyard while smoothing the robot’s trajectories. The curvature of the trajectories can be controlled, keeping a safe distance from both the crop and the dynamic obstacles. We have tested the algorithm in both a simulation and with robots in an actual vineyard. The results show that the robot can safely navigate the lanes of the vineyard and smoothly avoid dynamic obstacles such as moving people without abruptly stopping or executing sharp turns. The algorithm performs in real-time and can easily be integrated into robots deployed in vineyards.
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Helman, David, Idan Bahat, Yishai Netzer, Alon Ben-Gal, Victor Alchanatis, Aviva Peeters, and Yafit Cohen. "Using Time Series of High-Resolution Planet Satellite Images to Monitor Grapevine Stem Water Potential in Commercial Vineyards." Remote Sensing 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10101615.
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Spectral-based vegetation indices (VI) have been shown to be good proxies of grapevine stem water potential (Ψstem), assisting in irrigation decision-making for commercial vineyards. However, VI-Ψstem correlations are mostly reported at the leaf or canopy scales, using proximal canopy-based sensors or very-high-spatial resolution images derived from sensors mounted on small airplanes or drones. Here, for the first time, we take advantage of high-spatial resolution (3-m) near-daily images acquired from Planet’s nano-satellite constellation to derive VI-Ψstem correlations at the vineyard scale. Weekly Ψstem was measured along the growing season of 2017 in six vines each in 81 commercial vineyards and in 60 pairs of grapevines in a 2.4 ha experimental vineyard in Israel. The Clip application programming interface (API), provided by Planet, and the Google Earth Engine platform were used to derive spatially continuous time series of four VIs—GNDVI, NDVI, EVI and SAVI—in the 82 vineyards. Results show that per-week multivariable linear models using variables extracted from VI time series successfully tracked spatial variations in Ψstem across the experimental vineyard (Pearson’s-r = 0.45–0.84; N = 60). A simple linear regression model enabled monitoring seasonal changes in Ψstem along the growing season in the vineyard (r = 0.80–0.82). Planet VIs and seasonal Ψstem data from the 82 vineyards were used to derive a ‘global’ model for in-season monitoring of Ψstem at the vineyard-level (r = 0.78; RMSE = 18.5%; N = 970). The ‘global’ model, which requires only a few VI variables extracted from Planet images, may be used for real-time weekly assessment of Ψstem in Mediterranean vineyards, substantially improving the efficiency of conventional in-field monitoring efforts.
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Castro-López, L., G. Castillo-Sánchez, L. Díaz-Rubio, and I. Córdova-Guerrero. "Total content of phenols and antioxidant activity of grape skins and seeds cabernet sauvignon cultivated in Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California, México." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191504001.
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The evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of grape cultivars Cabernet sauvignon is important because it varies according to the production area. In this work, it was evaluated the content of phenolic compounds and the total antioxidant capacity (CAT) of grape skins and grape seed Cabernet sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) in three vineyards located in the Valley of Guadalupe, B.C, México. The content of total phenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the CAT of grape skin and seed extracts by the stabilization methods of the (ABTS•+) and DPPH• radicals. The CAT in the seed extracts was increased (P < 0.05) in the following order: vineyard 2 < vineyard 1 < vineyard 3. The highest contents of gallic acid, resveratrol and rutin were found in the extracts that presented the highest CAT, which corresponded to the cultivars of vineyard 3. The same happened in extract of skins, having vineyard 3 the contents of CAT (ABTS•+) higher. The total phenolic seed compound was presented in vineyard 2 with 1,545, followed by vineyard 1 with 1,523, vineyard 3 with 1,146 expressed as g GAE.100 g of sample. In skin, the behavior was as follows; vineyard 3 <vineyard 2 <vineyard 1. 1,062, 1,086, 1,115 expressed as g GAE.100 g sample respectively.Keywords: antioxidant, phenolics, ABTS, gallic acid.
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Mundy, D. C., and A. R. G. McLachlan. "Visual symptoms of trunk diseases do not predict vine death." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5910.
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Grapevine trunk diseases are the main reason for vine death in older vineyards These deaths result in economic losses and reduce the productive life of the vineyard On six occasions during a 10year period a single vineyard in Marlborough was monitored for vine deaths A visual assessment of trunk disease symptoms (low canopy vigour and cankers) in individual vines showed that these symptoms did not predict vine death at the next assessment The method of visual assessment is discussed in the context of other Sauvignon blanc vineyards in Marlborough that were similarly assessed but over a shorter time period (within a year) To predict vineyard longevity for the New Zealand industry improved visual assessments or an alternative method of monitoring vine health status is required
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Porter, Lauren, Sarhan Kahlil, Astrid Forneck, Silvia Winter, and Michaela Griesser. "Effects of Ground Cover Management, Landscape Elements and Local Conditions on Carabid (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Diversity and Vine Vitality in Temperate Vineyards." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061328.
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Sustainable vineyard management in inter-rows may improve biodiversity and ecosystem service provision in landscapes with a high density of vineyards. The current work investigates the effect of three inter-row ground cover treatments (bare soil by tillage, alternating and complete vegetation cover) on carabid beetle communities and vine vitality, in relation to climatic, soil and landscape parameters. Pitfall traps were used to collect carabids in the spring and autumn of 2016 from nine Austrian vineyards, with all three ground cover treatments established in each vineyard. Additionally, grape berry samples were collected before harvest in order to determine juice quality parameters. Generalized linear mixed models revealed that complete vegetation cover, the most extensive vineyard inter-row management, decreased both carabid density and species richness. The variables hours of sunshine, vineyard cover at the landscape scale and mesofauna abundance had negative impacts on species richness. The largest differentiator of carabid communities was the sampling timepoint, and we observed clustering associated to vineyard manager, whereas ground cover treatment played no significant role. The importance of treatment on vine vitality parameters was low; however, complete vegetation cover was detrimental to vine vegetative growth and berry weight. On the basis of our results, we conclude that although community composition may be influenced by pedo-climatic conditions and landscape components, alternating vegetation cover is an option for maintaining both carabid diversity and high-quality berries in vineyards.
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Hinnewinkel, Jean-Claude. "Vignobles et géohistoire." Sud-Ouest européen 23, no. 1 (2007): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rgpso.2007.2934.
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Vineyards and geohistory. Historical research on vineyards will often be a "lazy" one, which is frequently summarized with the search for historical explanations in order to escape physical determinism, without any projection of a spatial logic into the past. No the management of a vineyard, in its whole complexity, and not the only economic entry, must be prospective, every living space, vineyard ground like all others, should a pace for project. This paper wants to show, through the example of the Bordeaux vineyards, the approach by geohistory permits a better knowledge of the complex winegrowing system, apprehending its many periods.
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Ganem, Zeana, Marco Ferrante, Yael Lubin, Igor Armiach Steinpress, Moshe Gish, Rakefet Sharon, Ally R. Harari, Tamar Keasar, and Efrat Gavish-Regev. "Effects of Natural Habitat and Season on Cursorial Spider Assemblages in Mediterranean Vineyards." Insects 14, no. 10 (September 25, 2023): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14100782.
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Natural habitats adjacent to vineyards are presumed to have a positive effect on the diversity of natural enemies within the vineyards. However, these habitats differ in vegetation structure and seasonal phenology and in turn could affect the species composition of natural enemies. Here, we compared the species richness and diversity and the composition of spider assemblages in several locations within three commercial vineyards and the nearby natural habitats in a Mediterranean landscape in northern Israel. We sampled spiders by means of pitfall traps in early and in late summer. Both the time in the season and the habitat (natural versus vineyard) affected spider species richness and diversity. More species were found in early summer (47) than in late summer (33), and more occurred in the natural habitat (34 species) than in the vineyards (27–31 species). Fifteen species were found exclusively in the natural habitat, and only 11 species were shared by the vineyards and natural habitat, four of which were the most abundant and geographically widely distributed species in the samples. In late summer, spider diversity in the natural habitat was higher than within the vineyards: the spider assemblages in the vineyards became dominated by a few species late in the crop season, while those of the natural habitat remained stable. Overall, the natural habitat differed in assemblage composition from all within-vineyard locations, while the three locations within the vineyard did not differ significantly in assemblage composition. Season (early vs. late summer), however, significantly affected the spider assemblage composition. This study documents the large diversity of spiders in a local Mediterranean vineyard agroecosystem. Over 60% of the known spider families in the region occurred in our samples, highlighting the importance of this agroecosystem for spider diversity and the potential for conservation biocontrol, where natural habitats may be a source of natural enemies for nearby vineyards.
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Bougnères, Pierre, Raphael Porcher, Laure Esterle, David Baker, Adrien de la Vaissière, Sofia Meurisse, Sophie Valtat, Anne-Laure Castell, Pierre Mouriquand, and Alain-Jacques Valleron. "Exploring the risk of hypospadias in children born from mothers living close to a vineyard." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): e0249800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249800.
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Hypospadias (H) is a common birth defect affecting the male urinary tract. It has been suggested that exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals might increase the risk of H by altering urethral development. However, whether H risk is increased in places heavily exposed to agricultural pesticides, such as vineyards, remains debated and difficult to ascertain. The objective of the work is to test the possible association of H with residential proximity to vineyards. Residential address at birth of 8,766 H cases born 1980–2011 was taken from 17 specialized surgery centers. The geographical distribution of vineyards was obtained from the European Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) and the distance of address to the nearest vineyard was computed. A first estimate of the variation of H relative risk with distance to vineyards was obtained using as controls 13,105 cryptorchidism (C) cases operated during the same period in the same centers. A separate estimate was obtained from a case-control study using “virtual controls” (VC) defined as points of the map sampled to match the demographic distribution of births within the recruitment territories of the study centers. Non-exposed patients were defined as those with a residence between 5,000 and 10,000 m from the closest vineyard. The residential distance to vineyard was smaller for H than for C cases (p<10−4). We found 42/8766 H cases (0.48%) and 50/13,105 C cases (0.38%) born to mothers living within 20 m of a vineyard. The odds ratios for H were 2.48 (CI: 1.0 to 5.1) and 2.4 (CI: 1.3 to 4.4), vs C or vs VC, respectively, when pregnant mothers lived 10–20 m from a vineyard. In conclusion, our study supports that children born to mothers living close to a vineyard have a two-fold increased risk of H. For environmental research, the use of VC provides an alternative to classical case control technique.
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Shikhamany, S. D., Swapnil V. Borade, Sanjay K. Jeughale, and Suryakant Y. Patil. "Assessing Efficiency of White Seedless Grape Vineyards for Table Grape Production." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v11i1.98.
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Efficiency of two table grape vineyards each of Thompson Seedless and Tas-A-Ganesh located around Nashik, Maharashtra, were assessed over two cropping seasons based on a score-card developed assigning weights and matrices for various attributes of yield and quality, in accordance with their relative contribution going by established facts on a 100 point scale. The objectives of the study were to draw up a benchmark to evaluate the efficiency of table grape vineyards, analyze the reason for low efficiency, and suggest remedial measures. In addition to the yield, bunch and berry characters are important in table grape production. Skilful management of attributes for yield and quality using available technologies determines efficiency of a vineyard. In general, the efficiency of vineyards was better during the 2014-15 cropping season compared to 2013-14, and that of 'Thompson Seedless' vineyards was higher than Tas-AGanesh. In 'Thompson Seedless', efficiency of Vineyard-1 was better than Vineyard-2 as also in Tas-A-Ganesh. Based on their total score, individual vineyards were ranked as Excellent/Very good/Good/Average/ Below average, year wise. Lacunae in management leading to poor scores were identified to serve as a guide to improvement.
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Zambon, Ilaria, Artemi Cerdà, Sirio Cividino, and Luca Salvati. "The (Evolving) Vineyard’s Age Structure in the Valencian Community, Spain: A New Demographic Approach for Rural Development and Landscape Analysis." Agriculture 9, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9030059.
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Vineyards have assumed a key role as rural landmarks in recent decades. Investigating vineyard dynamics and contexts may reveal various economic, cultural, and environmental aspects of rural landscapes, which can be linked to land-use changes and major soil degradation processes, including soil erosion. As a contribution to rural landscape studies, the purpose of this work is to investigate the spatial distribution of vineyard plots in the Valencian community, located in the eastern area of the Iberian Peninsula, focusing on the final product, the type of vineyard and how long each vineyard has been settled over time. The work provides a comprehensive analysis of a wine-growing landscape, considering strategic (spatial) assets in present and past times. Vineyards were interpreted as a distinctive landmarks that give value to local economies; basic knowledge of how long different types of wine plots have been present in the Valencian community is useful when estimating their degree of sustainability and formulating suggestions, policies, and strategies to prevent processes of landscape degradation at various spatial scales.
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Bogunovic, Igor, Leon Josip Telak, and Paulo Pereira. "Experimental Comparison of Runoff Generation and Initial Soil Erosion Between Vineyards and Croplands of Eastern Croatia: A Case Study." Air, Soil and Water Research 13 (January 2020): 117862212092832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622120928323.
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Soil and water loss in agricultural fields is a global problem. Although studies about soil erosion in croplands and vineyards exist, the direct comparison between these land uses is missing, especially under continental climates in Europe. Therefore, it is needed to find control measures to the impacts of these land-use management strategies on soil properties and hydrological response. The objective of this work is to estimate and compare the impacts of croplands and vineyards under conventional management croplands and vineyards on soil properties (water holding capacity—WHC; bulk density—BD; soil water content—SWC; water stable aggregates—WSA; mean weight diameter—MWD; soil organic matter—SOM; available phosphorus—AP; total nitrogen—TN) and hydrological response (runoff—Run; sediment content—SC; sediment loss—SL; carbon loss—C loss; phosphorus loss—P loss; nitrogen loss—N loss) in Eastern Croatia. To achieve these goals, a study was set up using rainfall simulation tests at 58 mm h−1 over 30 minutes on 2 locations (Zmajevac: 45°48′N; 18°46′E; Erdut: 45°30′N; 19°01′E). In total, 32 rainfall simulations were carried out, 8 repetitions in vineyards and 8 in cropland plots of 0.876 m2, per location. Bulk density was significantly higher in cropland plots compared with the vineyard. Soil water content was significantly higher in Zmajevac cropland compared with Erdut plots. Also, SWC was significantly lower in Zmajevac vineyard than in the cropland located in the same area. Water stable aggregates and MWD were significantly higher in vineyard plots than in the cropland. Also, SOM and TN were significantly lower in Zmajevac cropland compared with the vineyard located in the same area. Available phosphorus was significantly high in Zmajevac plots than in Erdut. The rainfall simulations showed that Run was significantly higher in Erdut vineyard (8.2 L m−2) compared with Zmajevac (3.8 L m−2). Also, the Run in Erdut Cropland was significantly lower than in the vineyard. Sediment content did not show significant differences among locations. In Erdut, vineyard plots had a significantly lower SL (28.0 g m−2) than the cropland ones (39.1 g m−2). C loss was significantly higher in Zmajevac cropland than in Erdut. Also, C loss was significantly lower in Zmajevac vineyard compared with the cropland. We did not observe significant differences in P loss, and N loss also did not show significant differences. The principal component analysis showed that SOM was associated with WSA, AP, and TN. These variables were negatively related to slope, SWC, and C loss (factor 1). Also, MWD was inversely related to SL, P, and N loss (factor 2). Bulk density and SC were negatively related to Run. Overall, we conclude that noninvertive tillage practices in vineyards preserve soil structure, enhance soil quality, and reduce the extent of soil degradation.
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Gautier, Jacques, Laurent Mayoux, Florian Angevin, and Frédéric Bouy. "Vineyard Register digital information valorization by French Public Institutions." BIO Web of Conferences 68 (2023): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236803002.
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Vineyard Register is the fund element of the viticultural European politic and a database handled by each producing state member which gather all information on vineyard and economic operators of the wine sector and trade. Moreover, Vineyard Register is the reference tool about vine area, harvests, wine production, stocks and oenological practices of all operators of each state members. Beyond what the Vineyard register database allows about statistic information production and communication on regular basis, those data are used by many public institutions for different meanings. All establishment concerned are working in partnership for a better use of the database to achieve their task. This article, with few examples, will demonstrate the diversity of use of the Vineyard register database by actors of public institutions and present highlight data IT tools. A focus will be done on the data using to be checked by the Customs Department (vineyard register French administrator). Also, a point will be addressed on how to make the data available on vineyard and wine producing for the public by FranceAgriMer. INAO (National Institute of origin and quality) use of vineyard register’s data in the context of follow ups and support wine and vineyards with official signs of identification of the origin and quality will be developed.
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Zolda, P., and L. Háněl. "Soil nematodes inhabiting an original dry meadow and an abandoned vineyard in the National Park Seewinkel, Eastern Austria." Helminthologia 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-007-0016-6.
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AbstractNematode communities of cultivated vineyards showed characteristics typical for cultivated ecosystems, e.g. predominance of plant parasitic nematodes followed by bacterivores. The abandoned vineyard showed a reverse trophic structure: bacterivorous nematodes with short life cycles (cp 2) predominated and the population of plant parasites was small. The nematode trophic structure of the dry meadow was similar to the abandoned vineyard. Nevertheless, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that differences in nematode communities were still detectable at the generic level, with some genera occurring solely in one or the other site (e.g. Xiphinema). Thus, soil nematodes indicated a recovery of primary production and decomposition processes in the formerly cultivated vineyard soil, because plant parasites consuming plant tissues decreased, and organic matter breakdown was slower, as in low-input grasslands. Communities of soil nematodes were also compared with intensively cultivated vineyards previously surveyed in Eastern Austria.
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Cogato, Alessia, Andrea Pezzuolo, Claus Grøn Sørensen, Roberta De Bei, Marco Sozzi, and Francesco Marinello. "A GIS-Based Multicriteria Index to Evaluate the Mechanisability Potential of Italian Vineyard Area." Land 9, no. 11 (November 22, 2020): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110469.
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Planting criteria of new vineyards should comply with rational and sustainable criteria, taking into account the potential mechanisability of existing viticultural areas. However, an established methodology for this assessment is still lacking. This study aimed at analysing the parameters which influence the vineyard mechanisability, with the objective to propose a new mechanisability index. The mechanisability index proposed was based on GIS-analysis of landscape and management parameters such as mean slope, shape of the vineyard block, length-width ratio, headland size, training system and row spacing. We identified a sample of 3686 vineyards in Italy. Based on the above-mentioned parameters, vineyards were categorised by their level of mechanisability (l.m.) into four classes. Moreover, we analysed the correlation between l.m. and economic indicators (area planted with vineyard and wine production). Results showed that the main factors limiting the mechanisability potential of some Italian regions are the elevated slopes, horizontal training systems and narrow vine spacings. The l.m. showed a moderate positive correlation with the size of vineyards and the volume and value of production. The methodology presented in this study may be easily applied to other viticultural areas around the world, serving as a management decision-making tool.
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Schreiner, R. Paul. "Foliar Sprays Containing Phosphorus (P) Have Minimal Impact on ‘Pinot noir’ Growth and P Status, Mycorrhizal Colonization, and Fruit Quality." HortScience 45, no. 5 (May 2010): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.5.815.
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Grapevines grown in low-phosphorus (P) soils typical of western Oregon vineyards may benefit from additional P applied to the canopy using foliar sprays. Alternatively, vines may be negatively affected by foliar P sprays because lower root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could reduce uptake of other nutrients or increase vine water stress. The impact of foliar P sprays on vine growth, vine nutrient and water status, AMF colonization, and fruit yield and quality was studied in two ‘Pinot noir’ vineyards with a history of low vine P status over 3 years. Three foliar spray treatments [phosphite, phosphate, water (control)] were applied to vines three times each season using a standard air-blast sprayer at a commercial vineyard. Two foliar spray treatments (phosphite, water) were applied using a hand sprayer at a smaller research vineyard. Phosphite sprays increased leaf blade and petiole P concentrations and reduced arbuscular colonization of roots at the research vineyard, but neither phosphate nor phosphite significantly affected these variables at the commercial vineyard. Foliar P sprays had no effect on vine growth, vine water relations (leaf water potential and stomatal conductance), yield, or fruit quality attributes at either site. These results indicate that there is little benefit to spraying the canopy of grapevines with P, even in vineyards with low P status.
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Dorin, Briann, Andrew Reynolds, Marilyne Jollineau, Hyun-Suk Lee, and Adam Shemrock. "Utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles for zonal winemaking in cool-climate Riesling vineyards." OENO One 56, no. 3 (September 12, 2022): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.3.5352.
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Individual vineyards can vary spatially for several viticultural attributes, including water stress, nutrient status, growth/vigour and disease—which can, in turn, impact berry composition and resulting wine products. The goal of this study was to determine if vineyard variability detected by remote sensing using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) could be used to zonally harvest vineyard blocks and produce wines that are sensorially differentiable. The specific hypothesis was that remote sensing would detect vineyard variation in viticultural variables and associate this variation with differences in wine sensory attributes based upon zonal harvesting. In six commercial Riesling vineyards across the Niagara Peninsula in Ontario, Canada, a UAV collected multispectral data, which were used to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Grapevines (≈ 80) in a grid pattern were geo-located within each block and vineyard UAV NDVI maps were used for zonal harvesting of geo-located vines in areas corresponding to high vs. low NDVI. Wines made from these zones were then compared chemically and sensorially. Overall, wines created from high vs. low NDVI zones differed inconsistently in their basic wine composition. Sensorially, for certain sites and vintages, panellists distinguished between wines made from high vs. low NDVI zones using a sorting task. UAV NDVI demonstrated the ability to determine areas within a vineyard block that could produce wines that were sensorially distinguishable from one another.
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Cross, Robin, Andrew J. Plantinga, and Robert N. Stavins. "Terroir in the New World: Hedonic Estimation of Vineyard Sale Prices in California." Journal of Wine Economics 12, no. 3 (August 2017): 282–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2017.27.
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AbstractIn the Old-World vineyards of Europe, a key concept that plays an important role in the production and appreciation of wines is terroir, which refers to the special characteristics of a place that impart unique qualities to the wine produced. We examine whether terroir matters in the New-World wines produced in California's Napa and Sonoma Counties by conducting a hedonic price analysis of vineyard sales over the period 1991 to 2007 to determine the relative effects on vineyard sales prices of designated appellations versus biophysical site attributes commonly associated with terroir, such as slope, aspect, elevation, and climate. Because vineyards that are sold are not necessarily representative of the universe of vineyards, we employ Heckman's two-stage econometric approach to control for possible sample-selection bias. We find that intrinsic site attributes and designated appellations influence vineyard prices, although our results are stronger and more consistent with regard to the influence of appellations. This finding indicates that terroir matters economically, even if the designated appellations have relatively less connection in reality with terroir. (JEL Classifications: C2, Q11)
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Pavan, Francesco, Davide Frizzera, Marta Martini, Carlos Lujan, and Elena Cargnus. "Is the Removal of Nettles along Ditches Effective in Controlling Bois Noir in Vineyards?" Agronomy 14, no. 4 (March 22, 2024): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040643.
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Bois noir (BN) is a grapevine yellows disease associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma (Ca. P.) solani’ that is transmitted to grapevines by the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret which uses herbaceous plants such as Urtica dioica as a pathogen reservoir. Urtica dioica is often widespread along ditches bordering vineyards, and a gradient in decreasing BN symptomatic grapevines is observed from the vineyard edges facing these ditches. In two vineyards in north-eastern Italy, over eight or seven years, the ditch bordering one edge of each vineyard was divided into two sections; in one of these, U. dioica was chemically weeded in April, while the other one remained untreated. The impact of chemical weeding on the spatial distribution of both H. obsoletus captures and newly BN symptomatic grapevines was assessed. The reduction in H. obsoletus captures in the vineyard sector facing the section of the ditch subjected to weeding corresponded to a decrease in newly symptomatic grapevines. These findings demonstrated that nettle removal from areas surrounding vineyards can effectively control BN.
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Bialecki, Jon. "Apostolic Networks in the Third Wave of the Spirit." PNEUMA 38, no. 1-2 (2016): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700747-03801001.
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This essay discusses the relationship between the Vineyard and the various other apostolic networks. By comparing the Vineyard with C. Peter Wagner and the New Apostolic Revival, I contend that the chief difference between these two movements lies in a Vineyard interest in pedagogy over a New Apostolic Revival interest in governance, and in the Vineyard’s use of the figure of John Wimber as an exemplar for practice rather than as a figure of authority.
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Yao, Meiling, Fei Wang, and Gheorghe Arpentin. "The Effect of pesticide usage on grape yeast." BIO Web of Conferences 53 (2022): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20225305001.
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For the conventional vineyard, reducing the pesticide usage is the most important issue for converting to organic vineyard. In order to study the effect of pesticide usage on grape yeast, an investigation were designed in vintage 2020, ten vineyards (include two organic vineyards) with different treatment frequency index (TFI) were chosen, and the yeast population counted by two method: cultivate method and the direct epifluorescence technique (DEFT). The results show, the grape yeast from Moldova exist the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. In organic vineyards, less proportion yeast reach the VBNC, however the opposite conclusion draw from conventional vineyards. High TFI with high level VBNC yeast population, inversely, less culturable yeast. No matter in which yeast state, the treatment of powdery mildew is the most influential factor on yeast population.
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Ravankar, Abhijeet, Ankit A. Ravankar, Michiko Watanabe, Yohei Hoshino, and Arpit Rawankar. "Development of a Low-Cost Semantic Monitoring System for Vineyards Using Autonomous Robots." Agriculture 10, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050182.
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Many tasks involved in viticulture are labor intensive. Farmers frequently monitor the vineyard to check grape conditions, damage due to infections from pests and insects, grape growth, and to estimate optimal harvest time. Such monitoring is often done manually by the farmers. Manual monitoring of large vineyards is time and labor consuming process. To this end, robots have a big potential to increase productivity in farms by automating various tasks. We propose a low-cost semantic monitoring system for vineyards using autonomous robots. The system uses inexpensive cameras, processing boards, and sensors to remotely provide timely information to the farmers on their computer and smart phone. Unlike traditional systems, the proposed system logs data ‘semantically’, which enables pin-pointed monitoring of vineyards. In other words, the farmers can monitor only specific areas of the vineyard as desired. The proposed algorithm is robust for occlusions, and intelligently logs image data based on the movement of the robot. The proposed system was tested in actual vineyards with real robots. Due to its compactness and portability, the proposed system can be used as an extension in conjunction with already existing autonomous robot systems used in vineyards. The results show that pin-pointed remote monitoring of desired areas of the vineyard is a very useful and inexpensive tool for the farmers to save a lot of time and labor.
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Sportelli, Mino, Christian Frasconi, Marco Fontanelli, Michel Pirchio, Michele Raffaelli, Simone Magni, Lisa Caturegli, Marco Volterrani, Marco Mainardi, and Andrea Peruzzi. "Autonomous Mowing and Complete Floor Cover for Weed Control in Vineyards." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030538.
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Enhancing vineyards sustainability and reducing herbicides usage is a crucial theme, thus alternative weed management methods are starting to be studied. Cover crops have been shown to provide for several environmental services such as performing an efficient weed control and promoting biodiversity, thus improving the sustainability of the overall management system. However, the use of cover crops is usually confined to the interrow area in order to avoid competition with vines. Under-trellis weed management in vineyards is an important challenge, conventionally fulfilled by cultivation or repeated herbicides applications. Autonomous mowers are small autonomous machines that have shown a great efficiency when employed in agricultural contexts. Due to their reduced size, they can easily prevent the excessive vertical growth of weeds both in the interrows and under trellis without the use of chemical applications. The aim of this trial was to evaluate if the combination of cover crop species and autonomous mowers management could improve vineyard sustainability. Vineyard floor cover that was managed with an autonomous mower had a shorter canopy height and a lower weed dry biomass compared to the conventionally managed vineyard floor cover. Vineyard floor management providing cover crops and autonomous mowing had a significantly lower weed cover percentage compared to conventional floor management, especially under-trellis. The results of this trial suggest that the combination of cover crops and autonomous mowers may be a sustainable and reliable technique to include in vineyards floor management.
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Abad, Javier, Iranzu Hermoso de Mendoza, Diana Marín, Luis Orcaray, and Luis Gonzaga Santesteban. "Cover crops in viticulture. A systematic review (1): Implications on soil characteristics and biodiversity in vineyard." OENO One 55, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.1.3599.
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This work seeks to synthesise the knowledge on the use of cover crops in vineyards in the last 20 years, emphasising on the one hand, soil characteristics such as nutrition, organic carbon, structure or erosion and, on the other hand, environmental factors such as soil and biodiversity in vineyards, and gas emissions.A systematic review was made using Scopus-index journals for the past 20 years (1999 - 2018). The selection was independently done by two researchers, selecting a total of 272 published papers related to cover crops in the vineyard. Each article was categorised according to its theme and metadata were created, considering all relevant information from an agro-ecological point of view.The use of cover crops has a positive effect on the vineyard by increasing soil organic carbon (SOC), improving water infiltration and aggregate stability, and reducing erosion and greenhouse gases emission to the atmosphere. Furthermore, there is an increase in biodiversity, both in soil and the vineyard. Finally, cover crops do not constitute as a rule a major competition for nutrients to the vines except for nitrogen when grass covers are used. Contrarily, legume cover crops generally increase N in the soil, although its availability for plants is not immediate.This review constitutes an objective tool to help growers when considering the use of cover crops in vineyards that, based in a systematic review, provides relevant information depending on the characteristics of the growing condition of the vineyard.
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Rodrigo-Comino, Jesús, Christine Brings, Thomas Iserloh, Markus C. Casper, Manuel Seeger, José M. Senciales, Eric C. Brevik, José D. Ruiz-Sinoga, and Johannes B. Ries. "Temporal changes in soil water erosion on sloping vineyards in the Ruwer- Mosel Valley. The impact of age and plantation works in young and old vines." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 65, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0022.
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AbstractIt is well known that rainfall causes soil erosion in sloping German vineyards, but little is known about the effect of age of plantation on soil erosion, which is relevant to understand and design sustainable management systems. In the Ruwer-Mosel valley, young (1- to 4-years) and old (35- to 38-years after the plantation) vineyards were selected to assess soil and water losses by using two-paired Gerlach troughs over three years (2013-2015). In the young vineyard, the overland flow was 107 L m-1and soil loss 1000 g m-1in the year of the plantation, and decreased drastically over the two subsequent years (19 L m-1; 428 g m-1). In the old vineyard, soil (from 1081 g m-1to 1308 g m-1) and water (from 67 L m-1to 102 L m-1) losses were 1.2 and 1.63 times higher, respectively, than in the young vineyard.
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Schmitt, Djalma Eugênio, Jucinei José Comin, Luciano Colpo Gatiboni, Tales Tiecher, Felipe Lorensini, George Wellington Bastos de Melo, Eduardo Girotto, Renato Guardini, Janaína Heinzen, and Gustavo Brunetto. "Phosphorus fractions in sandy soils of vineyards in southern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 37, no. 2 (April 2013): 472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832013000200018.
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Phosphorus (P) applications to vineyards can cause P accumulation in the soil and maximize pollution risks. This study was carried out to quantify the accumulation of P fractions in sandy soils of vineyards in southern Brazil. Soil samples (layers 0-5, 6-10 and 11-20 cm) were collected from a native grassland area and two vineyards, after 14 years (vineyard 1) and 30 years (vineyard 2) of cultivation, in Santana do Livramento, southern Brazil, and subjected to chemical fractionation of P. Phosphorus application, especially to the 30-year-old vineyard 2, increased the inorganic P content down to a depth of 20 cm, mainly in the labile fractions extracted by anion-exchange resin and NaHCO3, in the moderately labile fraction extracted by 0.1 and 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH, and in the non-labile fraction extracted by 1 mol L-1 HCl, indicating the possibility of water eutrophication. Phosphorus application and grapevine cultivation time increased the P content in the organic fraction extracted by NaHCO3 from the 0-5 cm layer, and especially in the moderately labile fraction extracted by 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH, down to a depth of 20 cm.
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dos Santos, Gláucia Cecília Gabrielli, Gustavo Souza Valladares, Cleide Aparecida Abreu, Otávio Antônio de Camargo, and Célia Regina Grego. "Assessment of Copper and Zinc in Soils of a Vineyard Region in the State of São Paulo, Brazil." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/790795.
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This soil acidification may increase the bioavailability of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in soils. The objective of this study was to verify the concentrations of Cu and Zn in soils of a vineyard region, including sample acidification, to simulate acid rain. The study was developed in an area of vineyard cultivation, with an adjacent land having other crops grown, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Soil samples were collected and GPS located under different uses and coverings. The extracted solutions used to determine the available Cu and Zn forms were diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), pH 7.3, and calcium chloride 0.01 M. The total forms were obtained by HNO3digestion. The amounts of Cu and Zn extracted using DTPA were considered high in most of the samples and were greater in the areas cultivated with vineyards that had received fungicide applications for several decades. The total forms were higher in vineyard soils. The amounts of Cu and Zn extracted using CaCl2did not have good correlation with vineyards or with other metals' forms. The results confirmed that the soil was enriched with Cu and Zn due to the management of the vineyards with chemicals for several decades.
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Šimanský, Vladimír, and Marek Kolenčík. "Assessment of Soil Physical Characteristics of Luvisols Under Monoculture of Vines." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ahr-2016-0006.
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Abstract The physical properties of Luvisols under vineyards of the Nitra wine-growing area (Slovakia) were evaluated in the paper. Soil samples were taken from two selected localities (Nitra - Dražovce, Vráble). The obtained results showed that in the soil profile of Dražovce, the average contents of non-capillary pores, capillary pores and semi-capillary pores to the total porosity were equal to 26.1, 64.4 and 9.4%, respectively, and in the soil profile of Vráble - 22.3, 75.6 and 2.1%, respectively. In the Dražovce locality, the average content of aggregate stability index (Sw) decreased in the following order: abandoned vineyard > grassy strip between the vineyard rows > intensively cultivated rows of vineyard. In contrast, in the Vráble locality, higher average contents of Sw were determined in intensively cultivated rows of vineyard in comparison to grassy strip between the vineyard rows. The lowest average value of vulnerability coefficient (Kv) was observed in abandoned vineyard (Dražovce locality) and in both localities in grassy strip between the vineyard rows. Intensive cultivation of the vineyard rows resulted in higher vulnerability of soil structure. The values of maximum capillary capacity were almost the same in both soil profiles of Luvisols. A higher content of soil moisture was observed in the soil profile in the Vráble locality (33.6±2.50) in comparison to the Dražovce locality (30.6±5.44). Higher content of storage moisture was determined in the Vráble locality (2,684 l m-2) in comparison to the Dražovce locality (2,450 l m-2).
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Calzarano, F., and S. Di Marco. "Wood Discoloration and Decay in Grapevines with Esca Proper and Their Relationship with Foliar Symptoms." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 46, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-5208.
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From two Italian vineyards affected with esca proper, vineyard A (Borghi, FC, Emilia-Romagna) and vineyard B (Controguerra, TE, Abruzzo), located in different wine-growing areas and with different cultivars, 165 vines were collected that had shown the leaf symptoms of esca proper in the years before. Each vine was inspected and the cubic volume of the main symptoms in the trunk was measured: discoloration, including the various forms of dark necrosis, and decay. In each vine of both vineyards the extent of wood deterioration was compared with the severity of the leaf symptoms recorded in the years before the vines were cut down. The existence of a correlation between discoloration and decay in the wood colonisation process was explored. No correlation was found between the severity of the wood deterioration and the severity of the leaf symptoms. The typical leaf symptoms were found also on vines that had only wood discoloration without any decay. There was no correlation between wood discoloration and decay in vineyard A in which the vine wood was more degraded, with a greater incidence of decay. In vineyard B, however, in which the incidence of decay was less, a correlation between decay and discoloration was potentially found.
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Ripamonti, Matteo, Mattia Pegoraro, Marika Rossi, Nicola Bodino, Dylan Beal, Loretta Panero, Cristina Marzachì, and Domenico Bosco. "Prevalence of Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma-Infected Scaphoideus titanus in Different Vineyard Agroecosystems of Northwestern Italy." Insects 11, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11050301.
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Quantitative estimates of vector populations and their infectivity in the wild and in cultivated compartments of agroecosystems have been carried out to elucidate the role of the wild compartment in the epidemiology of Flavescence dorée (FD). Seven sites were selected for the investigations in the Piedmont Region of Italy. They were characterized by a high variety of agricultural and ecological landscape features, and included a vineyard surrounded by wild vegetation. In order to describe abundance and prevalence of FD-infected vectors in the cultivated and wild compartments of the vineyard agroecosystem, adults of Scaphoideus titanus were collected by yellow sticky traps inside and outside the vineyard over the period July 10th–September 9th, 2015. They were counted and singly analyzed for the presence of FD phytoplasmas by PCR. Multifactorial correlations among vector population level, prevalence of infected insects inside and outside the vineyards, disease prevalence in cultivated and wild Vitis plants, and location of wild Vitis plants with respect to the vineyard were analyzed. Abundance of S. titanus adults significantly decreased from the end of July onwards, particularly inside the vineyard (average range 22.7 ± 2.5 insects/trap). Percentage of FD-positive S. titanus was significantly higher outside the vineyard (up to 48% on average) compared to inside the vineyard (up to 34% on average), and increased during the season in both compartments.
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Taşkın, Aytaç, and F. Duygu Saban. "Swallowed by the urbanization: Spatial evolution of Adana Bağlarbaşı District." Journal of Design for Resilience in Architecture and Planning 4, no. 2 (August 30, 2023): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47818/drarch.2023.v4i2093.
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Vineyard (Turkish: bağ) culture is a common urban phenomenon in Çukurova region communities, which have strong ties with the land, due to the favorable climate and soil conditions. Adana's historic city center and some of the vineyard settlements to the north of this area lost their rural settlement characteristic and started to be built up as a result of Hermann Jansen's planning studies that started in the 1930s, and the city continued its development as planned towards the vineyard settlements (Turkish: bağlar) to the north. Although Gazipaşa, Ziyapaşa, and Namık Kemal Neighborhoods, which were examined within the scope of the study, were planned as a result of these planning studies, they were not built according to the plan. Thus, the implemented part of the Jansen Plan was defined by the railway line located to the south of these three neighborhoods. As a result, these three neighborhoods turned into an area where vineyards began on the periphery of the planned built-up areas and became known as Bağlarbaşı (starts of vineyard area). The aim of the study is to make a morphological analysis of the transformation of the three neighborhoods formed in the area where the vineyards, which previously had a rural settlement texture, disappeared as a result of the urbanization pressure that started in the 1950s, starting from 1950 to the present day, and to examine the process dynamics and to determine the general characteristics of the vineyard culture and houses in the study area. In the study area, morphological analyses were carried out by comparing aerial photographs from 1950, 1954, 1961, current maps from 1985 and 2019, zoning plans dated 1940, 1969 and current data. In addition, the transformation was documented with photographs from various archives and oral history research was utilized. Two vineyard houses in the area were surveyed to determine their spatial characteristics. The data obtained through the studies coincide with Marcel Poëte's assertion that "the memory of a city survives in the physical structure of that city". It has been determined that today's parcel boundaries, main roads, and streets, physical formations such as thresholds and reinforcements of the three neighborhoods bear traces of the period when the neighborhoods were vineyards and gardens. In the area, a small number of vineyard houses (cottages), which are in parallel with the typological characteristics of the traditional Turkish House, have survived to the present day, albeit in ruins.
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Marín-Martínez, Antonio, Alberto Sanz-Cobeña, Mª Angeles Bustamante, Enrique Agulló, and Concepción Paredes. "Effect of Organic Amendment Addition on Soil Properties, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Grape Yield in Semi-Arid Vineyard Agroecosystems." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081477.
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In semi-arid vineyard agroecosystems, highly vulnerable in the context of climate change, the soil organic matter (OM) content is crucial to the improvement of soil fertility and grape productivity. The impact of OM, from compost and animal manure, on soil properties (e.g., pH, oxidisable organic C, organic N, NH4+-N and NO3−-N), grape yield and direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in vineyards was assessed. For this purpose, two wine grape varieties were chosen and managed differently: with a rain-fed non-trellising vineyard of Monastrell, a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard of Monastrell and a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard of Cabernet Sauvignon. The studied fertiliser treatments were without organic amendments (C), sheep/goat manure (SGM) and distillery organic waste compost (DC). The SGM and DC treatments were applied at a rate of 4600 kg ha−1 (fresh weight, FW) and 5000 kg ha−1 FW, respectively. The use of organic amendments improved soil fertility and grape yield, especially in the drip-irrigated trellising vineyards. Increased CO2 emissions were coincident with higher grape yields and manure application (maximum CO2 emissions = 1518 mg C-CO2 m−2 d−1). In contrast, N2O emissions, mainly produced through nitrification, were decreased in the plots showing higher grape production (minimum N2O emissions = −0.090 mg N2O-N m−2 d−1). In all plots, the CH4 fluxes were negative during most of the experiment (−1.073−0.403 mg CH4-C m−2 d−1), indicating that these ecosystems can represent a significant sink for atmospheric CH4. According to our results, the optimal vineyard management, considering soil properties, yield and GHG mitigation together, was the use of compost in a drip-irrigated trellising vineyard with the grape variety Monastrell.
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Wilmink, Jurrian, Michael Breuer, and Astrid Forneck. "Effects of grape phylloxera leaf infestation on grapevine growth and yield parameters in commercial vineyards: a pilot study." OENO One 56, no. 1 (March 10, 2022): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.1.4803.
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Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) can infest both roots and leaves of Vitis species. In commercial vineyards planted with Vitis vinifera scions grafted on rootstocks, grape phylloxera infestation is generally limited to root feeding. Vineyards are, however, increasingly subjected to vineyard-wide foliar infestations that last throughout the growing season. While some vineyards are affected by the infestation pressure of external leaf-feeding populations, other annually affected V. vinifera vineyards do not have these in their vicinity. Much is known about the damage potential of grape phylloxera root feeding; however, data on how phylloxera leaf infestation affects V. vinifera grapevines in commercial vineyards are lacking. This study, therefore, aimed to assess whether grapevine growth and yield are affected due to leaf infestation as it occurred in three commercial vineyards in the study area. Treatments were based on phylloxera leaf infestation and additional defoliation. Single-leaf carbon acquisition was measured with gas exchange analyses on healthy and galled leaves. Pruning weight and internode length were measured to assess the effect of leaf infestation and the effect of plant growth and vigour on leaf gall outbreaks. Yield quantity and quality were measured, and grapes were vinified for sensory analyses. Furthermore, using enzymatic analyses, non-structural carbohydrates were analysed in perennial wood. A significant decrease in sugar content in grapes (10 %) and starch reserves in perennial wood (11 %) was found in the most heavily infested vineyard. Grape must of infested plants in another vineyard furthermore showed a significantly higher level of titratable acid (7.5 %). Significant infestation effects seen in one vineyard were not significant in the other two vineyards. No significant differences were seen for carbon acquisition, harvest quantity, wine sensory analysis, pruning weight or internode length. The overall effect of phylloxera leaf infestation in the studied vineyards was, therefore, marginal. Grapevine vigour did not differ between infested vines, insecticide-sprayed vines, and vines on which no leaf infestation outbreaks took place. By analysing phylloxera leaf infestation under field conditions, these preliminary results form a basis for future long-term field studies about phylloxera leaf feeding on Vitis vinifera within the context of other biotic and abiotic plant stresses.
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Škrab, Domen, Paolo Sivilotti, Piergiorgio Comuzzo, Sabrina Voce, Francesco Degano, Silvia Carlin, Panagiotis Arapitsas, Domenico Masuero, and Urška Vrhovšek. "Cluster Thinning and Vineyard Site Modulate the Metabolomic Profile of Ribolla Gialla Base and Sparkling Wines." Metabolites 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11050331.
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Depending on the vineyard location, cluster thinning (CT) may represent an effective tool to obtain the desired grape composition and wine quality. The effect of 20% cluster thinning on Ribolla Gialla (Vitis vinifera L.) sparkling wine aroma, lipid compounds, and aromatic amino acid (AAA) metabolites composition was studied for three consecutive seasons in two vineyards located in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region, Italy. In the examined sparkling wines, the vintage meteorological conditions exhibited significant influences on the metabolic profile of the samples. Data were normalized by season, and the impact of the CT treatment was evaluated for each vineyard site separately. Crop removal showed a limited positive impact on aroma compounds in sparkling wines from vineyards located in the valley. Concerning the AAA compounds, their concentration was higher in the vineyard at the foot of the hills. Cluster thinning resulted in a drop in concentration, reducing the risk of atypical aging. Despite minor differences according to targeted metabolome profiling, the sensory analysis confirmed the effects of the CT treatment in the valley floor vineyard. Reducing crop in this site, where the yield was higher, promoted a moderate improvement of Ribolla Gialla sparkling wine. In contrast, for wine produced in the vineyard at the foot of the hills, the sensory analysis indicated a preference for wines from the unthinned control samples. Overall, the study indicates that cluster thinning is a viticultural technique that could potentially improve the quality of Ribolla Gialla sparkling wines, but only in situations of excessive grape production.
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Vrščaj, Borut, Helena Baša Česnik, Špela Velikonja Bolta, Sanja Radeka, and Klemen Lisjak. "Pesticide Residues and Heavy Metals in Vineyard Soils of the Karst and Istria." Land 11, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122332.
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Pesticide residues and heavy metal concentrations were determined in two depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm) of Chromic Cambisol in 69 vineyards in the Slovenian winegrowing region of the Karst. Similarly, pesticide residues and heavy metal concentrations were also determined in two depths of Calcaric Cambisol in 11 vineyards in the other Slovenian and Croatian winegrowing regions of Istria. The topsoil (0–20 cm) was analysed for the presence of 176 different pesticidal active substances using two multiresidue analytical methods: (a) gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and (b) liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Seven active substances (five fungicides and two insecticides) were detected in the soil samples. Their concentrations were compared with the maximum concentrations observed in the vineyards of the winegrowing regions of France, Italy, and Spain. In addition to pesticides, the soil samples were analysed for the presence of nine heavy metals commonly detected in vineyard soils. The concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, molybdenum, nickel, lead, and zinc were below the critical thresholds set by Slovenian legislation, with the exception of one soil sample in which the Cu concentration exceeded the critical threshold. Compared with the maximum concentrations measured in other vineyard soils in Spain, Italy, and France, the heavy metal concentrations in the vineyard soils of Karst and Istria were lower. Both the heavy metal concentrations and the residual concentrations of pesticidal active substances in the vineyard soils of the Karst and Istria regions were significantly lower than the concentrations that are occasionally discussed in the literature.
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Signorini, Guilherme, and Melanie L. Lewis Ivey. "Comparative Feasibility Analysis of Mechanized Equipment for Vineyard Operations." HortTechnology 33, no. 2 (April 2023): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech05147-22.
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Increasing labor and input costs have driven wine grape (Vitis vinifera) growers’ attention to mechanized equipment to assist in vineyard operations. This study evaluates the financial feasibility of investing in vineyard mechanization, in addition to the released intelligent sprayer in hypothetical wine grape vineyards of varying sizes. Our comparative analysis illustrates how mechanization of vineyard practices affects costs and financial metrics. We conducted a cost–benefit analysis for seven investment scenarios and examined the economic performance of four metrics. Our findings suggest that investing in a mechanized trimmer is most effective for growers exposed to labor shortages and high wages. A retrofitted intelligent sprayer is superior for reducing input use and associated costs.
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Franin, Kristijan, Božena Barić, and Gabrijela Kuštera. "The role of ecological infrastructure on beneficial arthropods in vineyards." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): e0303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016141-7371.
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Weeds and non-cultivated plants have a great impact on abundance and diversity of beneficial arthropods in agriculture. The main aim of this work was to study the influence of the ecological infrastructure (meadows and weedy margins) on the arthropod composition in vineyard surrounding landscape. Research was carried out from May to October during three years. Sampling took place in the ecological infrastructure of three differently managed vineyards (organic, integrated and extensive). Three zones were chosen in each vineyard (3 m, 10 m, and 30 m from the edge of the vineyard). Samples were taken using a standardised sweep net method. In total, we captured 6032 spiders and 1309 insects belonging to 4 orders and 10 families. Arthropod fauna was numerically dominated by Aranea (82.1%); among insects, Coleoptera was the most abundant taxonomic group (10.6%); Neuroptera showed the lowest value (0.88%). Significant differences were found between sites and zones. Organic vineyard showed the highest abundance of arthropods (92.41% were spiders) and in the integrated vineyard there was a 23% of insects. Both the highest abundance of arthropods and the highest Shannon Index value (2.46) was found 3 m away from the edge of the vineyard. Results showed that spiders were the dominant arthropods and ladybugs the dominant insects. Weedy strips near the edge of the vineyard contained a high number of insects and spiders. Our results support the importance of weedy margins in enhancing the population of arthropods as well as in biodiversity promotion. Well-managed field margins could play important role in biological control of vineyard pests.