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1
Badr, Sayed A. "YIELD AND QUALITY OF THE RED GLOBE GRAPE VARIETY AS INFLUENCED BY GRAFTING ON DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 689e—689. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.689e.
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Grafted and non-grafted vines of the Red Globe cultivar were planted in May, 1985 in a randomized block design to determine the effects of grafting on different rootstock on vine growth, yield, and fruit quality. The rootstocks used in this trial were Harmony, Freedom, Couderc 1613, and Thompson Seedless; non-grafted vines included rooted cuttings and one-year-old rootings. Vines grafted on Freedom were more vigorous than any other vines. The levels of nitrogen and potassium were significantly higher in vines grafted on Freedom than non-grafted vines or those grafted on other rootstocks. Yield was significantly influenced by the different rootstocks. Vines grafted on Freedom produced significantly lower yield than other vines. Vines grafted on Harmony and Couderc 1613 were not significantly different from each other or non-grafted vines that were established from a rooted cutting.
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Stajic, Marija. "Roses and Vines." Prairie Schooner 94, no. 3 (2020): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2020.0097.
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Kenny, Maurice. "In the Vines." World Literature Today 66, no. 2 (1992): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40038901.
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Carol E. Brier. "Tending Our Vines:." Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 80, no. 1 (2013): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.80.1.0085.
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Putz, Francis E., Harold A. Mooney, and Stephen H. Bullock. "Biology of vines." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 4, no. 8 (August 1989): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(89)90164-x.
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Zulu, D., R. H. Ellis, and A. Culham. "Propagation of lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora), a wild yam, for in situ and ex situ conservation and potential domestication." Experimental Agriculture 56, no. 3 (May 19, 2020): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479720000083.
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SummaryLusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora Benth. subsp. pedicellata Milne-Redh) is an important wild edible tuber foraged widely from natural forests in Southern Zambia, but at risk from overharvesting and deforestation. Its propagation was investigated in glasshouse studies to explore potential domestication and future in situ and ex situ genetic resources conservation. Almost all tubers planted with visible shoot buds produced vines, with no effect of tuber size on vine emergence or tuber yield. Few tubers without visible shoot buds at planting produced vines, but those that did not re-tuberized. The progeny provided good vine emergence and similar tuber yield, with vines from tubers produced by re-tuberization being more vigorous. Re-tuberization in the absence of vine emergence also occurred in other experiments. Minisetts cut from the proximal end of tubers provided better vine emergence (with more from 20-mm than 10-mm-long sections) and greater tuber yield than mid- or distal minisetts. Nodal stem cuttings rooted well, vined, and provided small tubers. This study shows that lusala can be propagated successfully from tubers, minisetts, nodal vine cuttings, or mini-tubers from nodal vine cuttings, for genetic resources conservation and/or domestication. Domestication is likely to be hampered by the long period required for vines to emerge and establish. More sustainable foraging, including re-planting in natural forests, is recommended to balance consumption of lusala in the region and promote its long-term conservation.
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Hoyle, Victoria, Madison T. Flasco, Jiyeong Choi, Elizabeth J. Cieniewicz, Heather McLane, Keith Perry, Gerald Dangl, et al. "Transmission of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus by Spissistilus festinus [Say, 1830] (Hemiptera: Membracidae) between Free-Living Vines and Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Franc’." Viruses 14, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14061156.
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Grapevine red blotch disease emerged within the past decade, disrupting North American vine stock production and vineyard profitability. Our understanding of how grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), the causal agent of the disease, interacts with its Vitis hosts and insect vector, Spissistilus festinus, is limited. Here, we studied the capabilities of S. festinus to transmit GRBV from and to free-living vines, identified as first-generation hybrids of V. californica and V. vinifera ‘Sauvignon blanc’ (Vcal hybrids), and to and from V. vinifera ‘Cabernet franc’ (Vvin Cf) vines. The transmission rate of GRBV was high from infected Vcal hybrid vines to healthy Vcal hybrid vines (77%, 10 of 13) and from infected Vvin Cf vines to healthy Vcal hybrid vines (100%, 3 of 3). In contrast, the transmission rate of GRBV was low from infected Vcal hybrid vines to healthy Vvin Cf vines (15%, 2 of 13), and from infected Vvin Cf vines to healthy Vvin Cf vines (19%, 5 of 27). No association was found between transmission rates and GRBV titer in donor vines used in transmission assays, but the virus titer was higher in the recipient leaves of Vcal hybrid vines compared with recipient leaves of Vvin Cf vines. The transmission of GRBV from infected Vcal hybrid vines was also determined to be trans-stadial. Altogether, our findings revealed that free-living vines can be a source for the GRBV inoculum that is transmissible by S. festinus to other free-living vines and a wine grape cultivar, illustrating the interconnected roles of the two virus hosts in riparian areas and commercial vineyards, respectively, for virus spread. These new insights into red blotch disease epidemiology will inform the implementation of disease management strategies.
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Downton, WJS, and WJR Grant. "Photosynthetic Physiology of Spur Pruned and Minimal Pruned Grapevines." Functional Plant Biology 19, no. 3 (1992): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9920309.
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Canopy development, photosynthetic performance and yield characteristics of Riesling grapevines managed by either conventional spur pruning or minimal pruning were compared over a growing season. Leaf area development 4-5 weeks after budburst was 4-5-fold greater on the minimal pruned vines due to the 6-7-fold greater number of buds that burst to produce shoots. By time of flowering (8 weeks after budburst) there was less than a 2-fold difference between the pruning treatments in leaf area per vine. At time of harvest the leaf area of spur pruned vines on a Y-shaped trellis exceeded that of minimal pruned vines. Average photosynthetic rates of leaves on shoots on minimal pruned vines were 40% higher than on spur pruned vines at 4 weeks after budburst, but average rates were similar the following week and thereafter. Calculated instantaneous photosynthetic rates for entire vines were 3-6-fold higher for the minimal pruned vines at 4-5 weeks after budburst. However, by time of flowering, vines in both treatments had similar photosynthetic rates. At harvest, spur pruned vines showed somewhat greater instantaneous carbon gain than minimal pruned vines. Carbon gain per vine per day estimated from hourly measurements of irradiance over the canopy showed a similar trend to the instantaneous rates. Leaf conductances did not differ with pruning treatment. Calculated instantaneous water loss per vine was 2-5-fold higher for minimal pruned vines 4-5 weeks after budburst, but from flowering onwards spur pruned vines were likely to use more water than minimal pruned vines. Minimal pruned vines yielded twice the quantity of fruit of spur pruned vines, but only one-quarter the dry weight of new canes. Total carbon invested in fruit, new canes and leaves, however, was similar in both pruning treatments, accounting for 60-70% of the estimated carbon gain by the vines.
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Maynard, Donald N. "PERFORMANCE OF TROPICAL PUMPKIN (CUCURBITA MOSCHATA) INBREDS AND HYBRIDS." HortScience 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 746e—746. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.746e.
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Traditional varieties and selections of tropical pumpkins have long trailing vines that produce two to five fruit weighing from 2 to 20 kg each. Bush inbreds have been developed from crosses between `La Primera', `La Segunda', and `Seminole' with `Bush Butternut'. These inbred plants produce four to 10 early-maturing fruit weighing 1 to 2 kg each at the crown of the plant. Hybrids made with the vining types produce plants that have short or intermediate-length vines. Fruit are produced at the crown and on short laterals on the short-vine hybrids and on laterals on the intermediate-vine hybrids. Some short-vined and intermediate-vined hybrids produce higher yields than the traditional type, but fruit size is smaller and the fruit wall is generally thinner. C42-1-9-1 x Linea C. Pinta, an intermediate-vine type, produced the highest yield in spring (66.5 t·ha–1) and fall (39.9 t·ha–1) at Bradenton, Fla. About three fruit weighing 4 to 5 kg each were produced per plant.
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Krewer, Gerard, J. D. Dutcher, and C. J. Chang. "Imidacloprid Insecticide Slows Development of Pierce's Disease in Bunch Grapes." Journal of Entomological Science 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-37.1.101.
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Six cultivars of bunch grapevines Vitis labrusca (L.) and V. vinifera (L), ‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Canadice’, ‘Flame Seedless’, ‘Johannesburg Riesling’, ‘Mars’ and ‘Reliance’ when treated at planting and for 3 yrs with two (early spring and mid-summer) applications of imidacloprid (Admire®, Bayer Corp., Kansas City, MO) in a 1 to 2 liters aqueous solution (0.70 g active ingredient per vine per application) as drench to the base of the vine, had lower incidence of Pierce's Disease (PD) than untreated grapevines. Apparent PD symptoms were evident on the control vines in mid-summer of the second season. By the fall of the second season and spring of the third season, some control vines were dead. ELISA tests in July of the third season, indicated that similar proportions of treated and control vines contained the PD bacteria. ELISA tests in August of the third season, indicated that significantly more control vines than treated vines contained PD bacteria. Vines treated with imidacloprid showed PD symptoms in June of the third season, and the rate of disease development was slower than in the control vines. After 3 yrs, 18% of the control vines were dead while all the treated vines were alive. ‘Carbernet Franc’ and ‘J. Riesling’ vines treated with imidacloprid had higher yields that the untreated vines within the two cultivars in the third season. ‘Reliance’ vines had higher soluble solids in vines treated with imidacloprid than in untreated vines. Survival at bud break of the fourth year was higher in treated than in untreated vines. Homalodisca coagulata (Say), H. insolita (F.), Oncometopia orbona (Walker) and Graphocephala versuta (Say) were the more abundant leafhopper vectors of PD in the experimental plot and in the surrounding fruit crops. Overall, this research suggests that under severe PD pressure vineyard life can be extended by about 1 yr by application of imidacloprid.
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Zufferey, Vivian, Thibaut Verdenal, Agnès Dienes, Sandrine Belcher, Fabrice Lorenzini, Carole Koestel, Marie Blackford, et al. "The influence of vine water regime on the leaf gas exchange, berry composition and wine quality of Arvine grapes in Switzerland." OENO One 54, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 553–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.3.3106.
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Aims: The aim of the present study was to analyse the impact of different water regimes on the physiological and agronomical behavior of an aromatic white grapevine (cv. Arvine) by means of various levels of irrigation. The consequences of the plant water status were evaluated by carrying out a chemical (aromatic precursors) and sensorial analysis of the resulting wines.Methods and results: Adult vines of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Arvine grafted onto 5BB were subjected to different water regimes (various levels of irrigation) during the growing season. Physiological indicators were used to monitor the plant water status [pre-dawn leaf (ΨPD) and stem (ΨSTEM) water potentials and carbon isotope composition (d13C) in the must]. Gas exchange (net photosynthesis AN and transpiration E), stomatal conductance (gs), yield parameters, berry composition at harvest, analysis of potential grape aromatic properties (glycosyl-glucose G-G, precursor 3-mercaptohexanol P 3-MH) and the sensorial quality of wines were analysed over a period of 8 consecutive years (2009-2016) in the Agroscope experimental vineyard in Leytron under the relatively dry conditions of the Rhône valley in Wallis, Switzerland.In the non-irrigated vines, the progressively increasing water deficit observed over the season reduced the leaf gas exchange (AN and E) and gs. The intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi, A/gs) increased over the season and was greater in the vines that had suffered water restriction than in the irrigated vines. The rise in WUEi was correlated with an increase in d13C in the must sugars at harvest. A decrease in plant vigor was observed in the water stressed vines over multiple years. Moderate to high water stress during fruit ripening lowered the contents of total and malic acidity in the musts and the content of yeast available nitrogen (YAN). On the other hand, contents in sugar and the aromatic precursor (P-3MH) in berries were not influenced by the vine water status. The G-G values for berries increased with rising water stress in the non-irrigated vines. The wines from the plants subjected to water stress and to yeast available nitrogen deficiency (non-irrigated vines during hot and dry seasons) had a less distinctive typicity, and developed a lower aromatic expression with a more bitter taste, than the wines from the non-stressed plants. Overall, and compared with the stressed vines, the organoleptic characteristics and quality of Arvine wines from vines which had not undergone restrictions in water and nitrogen during the growing season were appreciated more.Conclusions: The vine’s physiological behavior (leaf gas exchange, plant vigor) and agronomic parameters (yield, berry composition), together with the quality of white aromatic Arvine wines, were strongly influenced by vine water regimes during the growing season.Significance and impact of the study: Vine water status and must nitrogen contents are key factors in grape composition and in the sensorial quality of resulting aromatic white wines.
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Boyd, Linda M., and Andrew M. Barnett. "Manipulation of Whole-vine Carbon Allocation Using Girdling, Pruning, and Fruit Thinning Affects Fruit Numbers and Quality in Kiwifruit." HortScience 46, no. 4 (April 2011): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.4.590.
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We compared the long-term effects of whole-vine source-sink manipulation on yield, composition, and quality of fruit from mature field-grown kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. chinensis) ‘Hort16A’ vines. Four contrasting source/sink-modifying treatments were applied to vines each year from Spring 2003 to 2007: 1) control—standard canopy management techniques, no trunk girdle; 2) extended trunk girdle (ETG)—girdle was opened in late summer, kept open over winter, and allowed to heal the next spring; 3) “feast”—cropload was kept low and leaf numbers kept high, no trunk girdle; and 4) “famine”—fruit numbers were kept high and vines were heavily pruned to stimulate regrowth, no trunk girdle. Fruit from the famine vines were smaller with lower dry matter concentration (DMC; dry weight as a percentage of fresh weight) and had delayed maturity relative to fruit from the control vines. Return bloom was reduced in the famine vines, resulting in ≈42% less fruit in the famine vines compared with the feast vines, and this difference remained consistent across all three seasons. Fruit from the feast treatment were larger with advanced maturity relative to fruit from control vines; there were no differences in fruit numbers in subsequent seasons. Fruit DMC was higher and maturity was advanced in the ETG vines relative to the control vines. Fruit numbers in the ETG vines consistently increased relative to the control vines each season. There were no consistent treatment effects on fruit mineral concentrations, except that fruit from the feast vines had higher nitrogen concentrations than fruit from the famine vines. Seasonal variation in the incidence of storage disorders was large; in years when disorders were present, physiological pitting incidence was higher in fruit from the treatments that advanced maturity and the incidence of low temperature breakdown was highest in treatments that delayed maturity. Although the treatments affected vine productivity, fruit DMC, and storage performance, there was no evidence of a gradual decline in quality and productivity after 4 years of treatment application.
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Feil, Helene, William S. Feil, and Alexander H. Purcell. "Effects of Date of Inoculation on the Within-Plant Movement of Xylella fastidiosa and Persistence of Pierce's Disease Within Field Grapevines." Phytopathology® 93, no. 2 (February 2003): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.2.244.
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The effects of date of inoculation on the development of Pierce's disease (PD) were evaluated in California grapevines during 1997 through 2000 at four locations. Some vines that had been inoculated either by using blue-green sharpshooters (Graphocephala atropunctata) as vectors or mechanically by needle puncture with the PD causal bacterium Xylella fastidiosa became infected during each month and at each location where infection was attempted. Vines inoculated on the earliest inoculation dates (April to May) developed more extensive and severe PD symptoms, and only 54% of these vines recovered from PD after the following winter, compared with vines that had been inoculated during June through August, of which 88% recovered from PD after the following winter. For the 1999 inoculations, the number of vines infected at a central California site (Parlier) was higher than the number of vines infected at a north coastal site (Hopland). For the best-fitting regression equation, percent recovery of vines infected with X. fastidiosa increased significantly with date of inoculation (r2 = 0.737) at all sites excluding Hopland. The Hopland site had the highest percentage of vines that recovered from PD (100%). At most sites, only early infection (April and May) resulted in chronic disease unless the vines were inoculated at the bases instead of the distal tips of canes. Vines inoculated early in the growing season (April and May) have less chance to recover from Pierce's disease than vines inoculated later (July and August).
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Salea, Hendro F. V., M. Najoan, J. F. Umboh, and C. J. Pontoh. "PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN SEBAGIAN RANSUM DENGAN TEPUNG DAUN DAN BATANG UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas) TERHADAP KECERNAAN PROTEIN DAN ENERGI PADA TERNAK BABI." ZOOTEC 38, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.38.1.2018.19358.
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EFFECT OF PARTLY SUBSTITUTION OF BASAL DIET WITH SWEET POTATO VINES (Ipomoea batatas) MEAL ON ENERGY AND PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY OF PIGS. Pork is one of the meat producer animals that can contribute to satisfy animal protein requirements. Sweet potato vines is considered as an agricultural waste product and can be used as feedstuff for pigs. The present study was conducted to determine the utilization of sweet potato vines substituting basal diet on energy and protein digestibility of finisher pigs. Five ‘Duroc X Spotted Poland China’ castrated male pigs, aged 3.5 to 4.0 months with an initial body weight 50 kg (±2.5 kg) were assigned to four treatments as follow: R0 = 100% basal diet + 0% sweet potato vines meal; R1 = 92.5% basal diet + 7.5% sweet potato vines meal; R2 = 85% basal diet + 15% sweet potato vines meal; R3 = 77.5% basal diet + 22.5% sweet potato vines meal; and R4 = 70% basal diet + 30% sweet potato vines meal. Parameters measured were: energy and protein digestibility. Research reasults showed that there is no significant differences (P > 0.05) among treatments on energy and protein digestibility of pigs in the present study. This indicated that utilization of sweet potato vines meal up to 30% replacing basal diet did not affect digestible energy and protein of finishing pigs. It can be concluded that substituting basal diet with sweet potato vines meal up to 30% has no negative effect on energy and protein digestibility of finishing pigs. Keywords: Sweet potato vines, energy digestibility, protein digestibility, pigs
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Tyson, Joy L., Michael A. Manning, Kieran D. Mellow, and Michelle J. Vergara. "Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae survival in point-inoculated kiwifruit vines." New Zealand Plant Protection 71 (June 7, 2018): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.136.
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The survival and spread over time of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) in point-inoculated kiwifruit vines is poorly understood. Forty-eight 2-year-old vines of Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ and A. chinensis var. chinensis ‘Hort16A’ were inoculated 30 cm above the crown, either during the active growth (autumn) or dormant (winter) period in two successive years. Vines were cultivated for 3—4 years, after which bacterial isolations were made at intervals along the vines from crown to tip. Psa was found up to 220 cm above the inoculation point and in some of the crowns, 30 cm below the inoculation point. The sites where Psa was found within vines were not always contiguous. Fewer vines of ‘Hayward’ developed serious symptoms or died than ‘Hort16A’; however, more surviving vines of ‘Hayward’ were Psa-positive than those of ‘Hort16A’. Psa was able to survive for at least 4 years in apparently healthy kiwifruit vines. This has implications for the movement of asymptomatic budwood to areas without Psa.
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Puelles, Miguel, Pedro Balda, David Labarga, Andreu Mairata, Enrique García-Escudero, Zenaida Guadalupe, Belén Ayestarán, and Alicia Pou. "Utilization of Vertical Cordon System to Improve Source-Sink Balance and Wine Aroma under Water Shortage Conditions of Maturana Blanca." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (June 7, 2022): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061373.
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In small-clustered vine cultivars, the conditions of success for a hanging form in order to guarantee a sufficient yield and quality level could go through establishing a permanent vertical cordon to enhance vine capacity and to retain a greater number of buds without making a canopy too compact. In this case, it is also important to quantify the main source–sink relationships within the vine in terms of the vine’s general responses to water shortage. The influence of two types of spur pruned vines (head-trained (HT) vs. vertical cordon trained (VCT)) was examined in field-grown vines in the local cultivar Maturana Blanca in order to achieve an optimal yield under two irrigation regimes (non-irrigated and irrigated at 30% of ET0). For this vegetative development, yield, fruit composition, and wine volatile compounds were measured. The VCT system has demonstrated to increase yield up to 1.8-fold as compared with the HT system independently of the irrigation regime. Although clear differences were observed in the source-sink ratios between the two training systems, these differences did not affect the ripening of the grapes nor their quality. However, a reduction in berry size and the more exposed clusters in VCT vines resulted in a higher concentration of aromatic compounds in the obtained wines as compared with those of HT vines. This study indicates the improvement of the source to sink ratio of the cv. Maturana Blanca through a change in the training system, which helps to increase light interception, leading to a higher yield potential, an optimization of the leaf area to fruit ratio, and an increase in the concentration of aromatic compounds.
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Greer, Dennis H. "Short-term temperature dependency of the photosynthetic and PSII photochemical responses to photon flux density of leaves of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz vines grown in field conditions with and without fruit." Functional Plant Biology 46, no. 7 (2019): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp18324.
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Shiraz vines grown outdoors with and without a crop load were used to determine photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence responses to light across a range of leaf temperatures to evaluate the impact of presence/absence of a sink on these responses. Results indicate maximum rates of photosynthesis and light saturation in fruiting vines were biased towards higher temperatures whereas these processes in vegetative vines were biased towards lower temperatures. The maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry was similarly biased, with higher efficiency for the vegetative vines below 30°C and a higher efficiency for the fruiting vines above. The quantum efficiency of PSII electron transport was generally higher across all temperatures in the fruiting compared with vegetative vines. Photochemical quenching was not sensitive to temperature in fruiting vines but strongly so in vegetative vines, with an optimum at 30°C and marked increases in photochemical quenching at other temperatures. Non-photochemical quenching was not strongly temperature dependent, but there were marked increases in both treatments at 45°C, consistent with marked decreases in assimilation. These results suggest demand for assimilates in fruiting vines induced an acclimation response to high summer temperatures to enhance assimilate supply and this was underpinned by comparable shifts in PSII photochemistry.
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Costa, G., R. Testolin, and G. Vizzotto. "KIWIFRUIT POLLINATION: BEES AND WIND CONTRIBUTION." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 668f—668. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.668f.
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The aim of the experiment was to define the wind and the bees effect on kiwifrut pollination. Experiment was carried out for two years in an adult kiwifruit orchard, with a ratio between staminate (cv Matua) and pistillate (cv Hayward) vines of 1:7. Four different pollination treatments were tested on kiwifruit. Bees effectiveness was evaluated on both open pollination (OP-Bees) or net-isolated vines conditions (IV-Bees). The results obtained were compared with those achieved on net-isolated vines without bees in (IV-Wind) and on hand-pollinated vines (HP). Four rows (80 vines) were net-isolated and 14 uniform vines per treatment were choosen to collect productive data. In the IV-Wind treatment traps were used to capture insects present inside the nets. Wind speed was detected inside and outside the nets. Data showed that the net isolation system did not consistently modify wind speed and no insects were founds in the traps. As far as productive data best results were obtained on HP vines. Bee-pollinated vines always reached higher yield and average fruit weight than wind-pollinated vines. However no statistical differences were detected between fruit weight of OP-Bees and IV-Wind vines treatments. The results showed that in general bees represent a more efficient pollination agent than wind, even if the health of the bees and the position of the hives in the orchard have to be carefully considered to achieve best results.
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Stevens, RM, and G. Harvey. "Effects of waterlogging, rootstock and salinity on Na, Cl and K concentrations of the leaf and root, and shoot growth of sultana grapevines." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 3 (1995): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9950541.
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Potted Sultana vines ( Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana) on own-roots or grafted onto Ramsey, Harmony, Schwarzmann or 1613 rootstocks were irrigated with solutions containing 1, 10, 20, 40 or 60 mM NaCl. Half the vines had free-draining rootzones and the other half were waterlogged for the first week in a 2-week cycle. The vines were harvested after seven cycles. Raising the irrigation salinity from 1 to 60 mM caused growth to decline by 47% in vines with free-draining rootzones and by 61% in vines with waterlogged rootzones. Under saline conditions, the use of chloride excluding rootstock reduced leaf chloride concentration by 60% in vines with free-draining rootzones but by only 18% in vines with waterlogged rootzones. Waterlogging decreased the root chloride concentration in all rootstocks. The leaf potassium concentration was reduced by waterlogging at irrigation salinities less than 20 mM NaCl and increased by waterlogging at higher salinities. Waterlogging altered the relative effects of rootstock on leaf potassium.
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Kubota, N., H. Takigawa, X. Ri, and K. Yasui. "792 PB 036 EFFECT OF ROOTSTOCKS ON SHOOTGROWTH. BERRY QUALITY. AND YIELD OF “FUJIMINORI” GRAPES TREATED WITH GIBBERELLIC ACID." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 546e—546. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.546e.
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Shoot and berry growth, sugar. titratable acidity, and anthocyanin contents of berries and crop yields of “Fujiminori” grapes (Vitis vinifera × V. labruscana) were determined in vines grafted 10 eight different rootstocks: 3309, 3306, 101-14. 5BB. 5C, 8B. SO4, and 420A. Three-year-old vines of 5BB stock and S-year-old vines of each of the other stocks grown in an unheated plastic house were used for this investigation. Shoot growth was more vigorous on vines grafted to 5BB compared to 3309, SO4, and 8B. The highest yield per unit area was observed in vines grafted to 3306. followed in order by 5BB, 3309, 101-14, SO4, 5C, 8B, and 420A. The largest berry size was observed in vines grafted to 3306, followed by 5BB, 101-14, 3309, 8B, 5C, SO4, and 420A. Berries of vines grafted to 420A and 5BB had the highest tota1 soluble solids, followed in descending order by 8B, 101-14. and 5C. Titratable acidity of berry juice was lowest in vines grafted to 420A. The anthocyanin content of berry skin was higher in vines grafted to 420A and 101-14 than in berries of other stocks. GA-treatment did not increase the percentage of seedless berries of this cultivar to a commercially acceptable level for any of the rootstocks used.
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Greer, Dennis H. "Changes in photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence in relation to leaf temperature from just before to after harvest of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz vines grown in outdoor conditions." Functional Plant Biology 49, no. 2 (2022): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp21304.
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Harvesting fruit from horticultural species causes a down-regulation of photosynthesis but some species can recover after harvest. The objective of this study was to assess the hypothesis that the impact of fruit removal on the photosynthetic performance of Shiraz grapevines, in relation to CO2 concentration and leaf temperature, would contribute to a depreciation in photosynthetic assimilation. To assess this hypothesis, vines that were continuously vegetative were compared with vines that were harvested when fruit were ripe. These fruiting vines had higher rates of CO2-limited photosynthesis at all leaf temperatures compared to vegetative vines before harvest but after, photosynthetic rates were highest in vegetative vines. There were few treatment differences in CO2-saturated photosynthesis before harvest but after, below about 30°C, the harvested vines had higher photosynthesis than the vegetative vines. Maximum rates of ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation and regeneration and responses to temperature were unaffected by differences in sink demand but after harvest, maximum rates increased, but markedly more in the vegetative vines, especially at higher temperatures. This conformed to higher photosynthetic rates in the vegetative vines. There were no sink demand effects on chlorophyll a fluorescence, consistent with the evidence that the fruit sink removal probably affected Rubisco activity and performance. The conclusion that sink removal caused a depreciation in photosynthesis was sustained but the temperature had a strong modulating effect through both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations driving the depreciation in assimilation. What was less clear was why assimilation of continuously vegetative vines increased during the harvest time when there were no apparent changes in sink demand.
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Souza, Claudia R. de, João P. Maroco, Tiago P. dos Santos, M. Lucília Rodrigues, Carlos M. Lopes, João S. Pereira, and M. Manuela Chaves. "Partial rootzone drying: regulation of stomatal aperture and carbon assimilation in field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Moscatel)." Functional Plant Biology 30, no. 6 (2003): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp02115.
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The effects of 'partial rootzone drying' (PRD) irrigation compared with other irrigation systems, namely non-irrigated (NI), full irrigation (FI) and deficit irrigation (DI), on stomatal conductance and carbon assimilation were evaluated in field-grown grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Moscatel). At the end of the growing season, pre-dawn leaf water potential was highest in FI (–0.18 ± 0.01 MPa; mean ± s.e.), intermediate in PRD (–0.30�± 0.01 MPa) and DI (–0.36 ± 0.02 MPa), and lowest in NI vines (–0.64 ± 0.03 MPa). Stomatal conductance measured under controlled conditions of light and temperature was reduced in NI (ca 60%) and PRD (ca 30%) vines compared with DI and FI vines. Under ambient conditions, NI vines had lower rates of stomatal conductance (ca��26%), net CO2 assimilation (ca 28%) and light-adapted PSII quantum yields (ca 47%) than PRD, DI and FI vines. No significant differences were found among the three irrigated treatments. Both maximum electron transport rate (Jmax; ca 30%) and triose-phosphate utilization rates (TPU; ca 20%) were significantly lower in NI and PRD vines than in DI and FI vines. Carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of grape berries was highest in NI vines (–24.3), followed by PRD (–25.4) and DI (–25.8) and lowest in FI (–26.4) vines, suggesting a long-term increase in the efficiency of leaf gas exchange in NI compared with PRD, DI and FI vines. Sap-flow data and estimates of relative stomatal limitation are in accordance with the observed stomatal closure in PRD vines. In this study, we show that PRD irrigation was able to maintain a vine water status closed to FI, but with double water use efficiency, which was due to a reduction of stomatal conductance with no significant decrease in carbon assimilation.
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Greer, Dennis H. "Photon flux density dependence of carbon acquisition and demand in relation to shoot growth of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vines grown in controlled environments." Functional Plant Biology 28, no. 2 (2001): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99202.
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Kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson] vines were grown in four controlled photon flux densities (PFDs) from 250 to 1100 µmol m –2 s –1 for 130 d starting from pre-budbreak to measure relationships between shoot growth and carbon (C) demand and to assess the effect of PFD on these processes. Leaf area, stem length, photosynthesis and respiration rates were measured on the same leaves at regular intervals. From daily C acquisition and accumulation in biomass, the net C balance per cane was determined throughout the experiment. High-PFD-grown vines had 13% more leaf area, 250% more leaf biomass and 30% more stem biomass than low-PFD-grown vines. High-PFD-grown vines also partitioned relatively more biomass to photosynthetic tissue than to supporting stem tissue compared with low-PFD-grown vines. Rates of net photosynthesis were highest on vines grown at 800 µmol m –2 s –1 , but respiration rates were highest in high-PFD-grown vines. Vines grown at 1100 µmol m –2 s –1 had a net gain of 119 g sh –1 and 53 g sh – at 250 µmol m –2 s –1 , of which 46 and 58%, respectively, was used in shoot biomass growth. Net C balance was negative for 30 d after budbreak. Over 130 d, high-PFD-grown vines produced a total surplus of 64 g sh –1 , while low-PFD-grown vines produced 22 g sh –1 . Results demonstrate that irradiance has no effects on developmental processes but has marked effects on vegetative growth rates of kiwifruit vines. Underlining this, the C economy of these shoots is highly and quantitatively dependent on the PFD during growth.
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Arceño, Mark Anthony. "Vignerons and the Vines." Social Anthropology/Anthropologie sociale 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/saas.2022.300103.
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English Abstract: Amid ongoing social and ecological transformations, vignerons (winegrowers) and the vines in their care are responding to the impacts of climatic and other forms of change. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in the eastern French winegrowing region of Alsace, I turn to the sensorium as the site where changing landscapes are forcing people to rethink the meaning of terroir, a key term in which winegrowing is articulated as a practice. I go beyond typical renderings of this French concept, often defined in terms of interactions among its various components (e.g. soil, wind and human know-how), to bring attention to the sensory relationships that connect them. Through walking and semi-directed interviews, as well as participant observations, with informants who represent thirteen different winegrowing sites, I generated data that explicate what is changing, how changes are being addressed and what this means for understanding the very place(s) in which place-based wine producers and their products are embedded. By attending to the senses, I contend that the goût du terroir or ‘taste of place’ is not merely reflected through the wines being produced by Alsatian winegrowers but is also a story of sensory relationships contributed by the vines themselves.French Abstract: Au milieu des transformations sociales et écologiques en cours, les vignerons et les vignes dont ils ont la charge réagissent aux changements climatiques et autres. En s’appuyant sur un travail ethnographique de terrain dans la région vitivinicole d’Alsace, dans l’est de la France, je me tourne vers le sensorium comme site où les paysages changeants forcent les gens à repenser la signification du terroir, un terme clé dans lequel la vitiviniculture est articulée comme une pratique. Je vais au-delà des représentations typiques de ce concept français souvent défini en termes d’interactions entre ses différentes composantes (par exemple le sol, le vent et le savoir-faire humain) pour attirer l’attention sur les relations sensorielles qui les relient. Par le biais d’entretiens à pied et semi-dirigés, ainsi que d’observations participantes, avec des informateurs représentant treize sites vitivinicoles différents, j’ai généré des données qui expliquent ce qui change, comment les changements sont abordés, et ce que cela signifie pour la compréhension des lieux dans lesquels les producteurs de vin et leurs produits sont intégrés. En prêtant attention aux sens, je soutiens que le « goût du terroir » (ou ‘taste of place’) ne se reflète pas seulement dans les vins produits par les vignerons alsaciens, mais qu’il s’agit également d’une histoire de relations sensorielles apportées par les vignes elles-mêmes.
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McClure, Julie. "Soils, Vines, and Wines." CSA News 59, no. 9 (September 2014): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/csa2014-59-9-9.
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Reber, Grote. "Why Do Vines Twine?" Physics Today 48, no. 10 (October 1995): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2808236.
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Hampton, Reg. "The Vines That Bind." Qualitative Inquiry 18, no. 10 (October 26, 2012): 852–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800412456961.
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Goswell, Robin. "Reading between the vines." Nature 359, no. 6394 (October 1992): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/359449a0.
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Stokstad, Erik. "Vive la resistant vines!" Science 362, no. 6411 (October 11, 2018): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.362.6411.146.
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Lavers, T. G. "The theory of vines." Communications in Algebra 25, no. 4 (January 1997): 1257–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927879708825919.
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R. E. Muck, Z. G. Weinberg, D. I. Rouse, and B. R. Igl. "ENSILING OF POTATO VINES." Transactions of the ASAE 42, no. 3 (1999): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13215.
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Wiessner, Polly. "The Vines of Complexity." Current Anthropology 43, no. 2 (April 2002): 233–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/338301.
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Pitson, Stuart M., Gregory J. Goodall, and Mark A. Guthridge. "Science amongst the vines." EMBO reports 9, no. 5 (April 11, 2008): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/embor.2008.54.
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Genest, Christian, and Matthias Scherer. "The world of vines." Dependence Modeling 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/demo-2019-0008.
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East, James. "Vines and partial transformations." Advances in Mathematics 216, no. 2 (December 2007): 787–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2007.06.005.
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Kovaleski, Al, and Jason P. Londo. "Dormant Vines, Future Wines." Arnoldia 76, no. 2 (2018): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.291350.
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Pescie, María A., and Bernadine C. Strik. "Thinning before Bloom Affects Fruit Size and Yield of Hardy Kiwifruit." HortScience 39, no. 6 (October 2004): 1243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.6.1243.
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Five-year-old hardy kiwifruit [Actinidia arguta (Sieb. et Zucc.) Miq. `Ananasnaya'] vines in a commercial vineyard were subjected to thinning before bloom in 1999. Flowers were thinned at four severities: 0% (control), 15%, 30%, and 50% flower bud removal (2-5 June). The average yield of vines thinned 50% was significantly less than that of control vines. However, marketable yield from vines thinned 15%, 30% and 50% was not significantly different from control vines. Thinning, regardless of severity, increased average fruit volume and king fruit volume by 18% and 27%, respectively, compared to control vines. King fruit were more affected by thinning than the two adjacent lateral fruit in the cluster. Thinning before bloom had no effect on percent soluble solids, seed number or total seed weight per fruit.
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Fidelibus*, Matthew, Steven Vasquez, and Donald Katayama. "Canopy Separation and Defoliation for Dry-on-the-vine (DOV) Raisins on Traditional Trellises." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 880B—880. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.880b.
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Pruning efficiency, fruitfulness, and yield and quality of raisins of `Thompson Seedless' (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines subjected to several canopy separation and defoliation treatments for DOV raisin production were evaluated. Canopy separation treatments, tested in vineyards at Easton, and at the Kearney Agricultural Center (KAC), Parlier, Calif., were as follows; horizontal canopy separation with vine sections of fruiting or renewal zones (Peacock), horizontal canopy separation with vine sections of fruiting zones of one vine adjacent to renewal shoots of the next vine (wave), or non-separated (control). Defoliation treatments included burning or blowing leaves (Easton), application of concentrated solutions of calcium ammonium nitrate or Etherel to leaves (KAC), or no defoliation (both vineyards). Canopy separation treatments did not affect berry size, soluble solids, or raisin yield. Vines subjected to Peacock training had more cluster layers than vines subjected to wave training, at Easton, and more cluster layers than vines subjected to control training at KAC. Canopy separation reduced harvest pruning time by 20% at Easton, but not at KAC. No treatments affected raisin moisture at Easton but, at KAC, raisins of vines trained in the Peacock style had 10% higher moisture contents at harvest than raisins of wave or control vines. Vines subjected to conventional training and leaf blowing had about 40% higher “B and better” raisin grades than vines with separated canopies that were not defoliated, and about 30% higher grades than vines with conventional training and leaf burning. However, raisins of vines subjected to blowing had about 60% more mold than raisins of non-defoliated vines. Defoliation treatments at KAC did not affect any variables measured.
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BRUNO, Giovanni Luigi, Maria Paola IPPOLITO, Francesco MANNERUCCI, Luca BRAGAZZI, and Franca TOMMASI. "Physiological responses of ‘Italia’ grapevines infected with Esca pathogens." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, no. 2 (September 13, 2021): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12171.
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Physiological features were examined of a 20-year-old Vitis vinifera ‘Italia’ table grape vineyard cropped in Apulia, Italy. Healthy vines with no foliar symptoms and any indications of wood or berry alterations, vines with natural wood infections by Phaeoacremonium minimum (syn. P. aleophilum) and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora showing brown wood streaking symptoms, and vines naturally infected with P. minimum, P. chlamydospora and Fomitiporia mediterranea with brown wood streaking and white rot symptoms, were surveyed. Bleeding xylem sap, collected at bud-break from healthy vines showed the greatest total ascorbic acid level, while vines with brown wood streaking and white rot had the greatest viscosity coefficient, glutathione concentration, and plant growth regulator activities. Compared to healthy vines, leaves of wood affected vines, sampled during the unfolded leaf, fruit setting, cluster closing and bunch ripening vine growth stages, had reduced fresh and dry weights, total chlorophyll concentrations, and increased leaf surface area. Low ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione concentrations, weak redox state, and moderate levels of dehydroascorbic acid and oxidized glutathione were also detected in these vines. Analyses also detected reduced activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, ascorbate free radical reductase and glutathione reductase in diseased vines. The cell membrane damage, associated with lipid peroxidation, was coupled with high hydrogen peroxide concentrations. These changes could contribute to the cell death of leaves and foliar symptom development. The ascorbate-glutathione cycle supports grapevine susceptibility to Esca complex-associated fungi.
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Prior, LD, BR Cullis, and RA Sarooshi. "Influence of rootstock and trellis systems on the productivity of Sultana grapevines." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 7 (1993): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930935.
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Sultana vines, either own-rooted or grafted to Dog Ridge or Ramsey rootstocks, were trained to 4 trellis systems: 0.3-m narrow T, 0.9-m wide T, arch cane, swing-arm. The swing-arm trellis generally gave the highest yields over the 9 years of the trial. Average annual yields were 19.5, 22.0, 15.6, and 26.2 kg/vine (1442 vines/ha), respectively, for the 4 trellis systems. Vines grafted to Ramsey rootstock had higher overall yields than own-rooted vines and vines grafted to Dog Ridge rootstock (24.0 v. 20.8 v. 17.8 kg/vine). The yield advantage conferred by Ramsey rootstock was greatest in years 1-3 of the trial. There was no significant trellis x rootstock interaction. Trellis effects on yield were primarily due to effects on bunch number, while rootstock had a greater effect on berry and bunch weight. Grafted vines were less fruitful than own-rooted vines. There was no significant difference in quality of fruit dried in a dehydrator, but when fruit was trellis-dried, quality was higher for the swing-arm than for the wide T-trellis, with the other trellises intermediate. Own-rooted vines produced better quality trellis-dried fruit than did vines grafted to Ramsey rootstock. The swing-arm trellis was not well suited to commercial production, but it produced good yields and had other desirable characteristics that are incorporated in some new trellis systems being developed in major dried vine fruit production areas in Australia.
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Saldarelli, P., A. Giampetruzzi, M. Morelli, U. Malossini, C. Pirolo, P. Bianchedi, and V. Gualandri. "Genetic Variability of Grapevine Pinot gris virus and Its Association with Grapevine Leaf Mottling and Deformation." Phytopathology® 105, no. 4 (April 2015): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-14-0241-r.
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The role of Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) in the etiology of grapevine leaf mottling and deformation was investigated by biological and molecular assays. A survey on different cultivars from the Trentino Region in Italy showed a widespread distribution of GPGV, which was associated with symptomatic (79%) but also with symptomless (21%) vines. Symptomatic and GPGV-infected ‘Pinot gris’ vines induced symptoms on grafted vines of healthy Pinot gris or ‘Traminer’, whereas GPGV-infected but symptomless vines did not. High-throughput sequencing of small RNA (sRNA) populations of two infected Pinot gris accessions confirmed the existence of nearly overlapping viromes in vines with or without symptoms but phylogenetic analyses of the genomes of seven GPGV isolates from Italy and the Czech and Slovak Republics clearly differentiated those infecting symptomatic vines. The involvement of Grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus (GRVFV) in the disease, which was only infecting the symptomatic vine, was ruled out by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction studies. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of two GPGV genomic regions, encompassing part of the movement protein (MP) and coat protein gene sequences and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain of the replicase gene, showed that isolates from symptomatic vines form a lineage distinct from that of symptomless vines. Moreover, the presence or lack of the MP stop codon identified in viral isolates from symptomatic or symptomless vines, respectively, is likely responsible for an MP six amino acids longer in symptomless isolates.
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Riffle, Vegas, Nathaniel Palmer, L. Federico Casassa, and Jean Catherine Dodson Peterson. "The Effect of Grapevine Age (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Zinfandel) on Phenology and Gas Exchange Parameters over Consecutive Growing Seasons." Plants 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020311.
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Unlike most crop industries, there is a strongly held belief within the wine industry that increased vine age correlates with quality. Considering this perception could be explained by vine physiological differences, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vine age on phenology and gas exchange parameters. An interplanted, dry farmed, Zinfandel vineyard block under consistent management practices in the Central Coast of California was evaluated over two consecutive growing seasons. Treatments included Young vines (5 to 12 years old), Control (representative proportion of young to old vines in the block), and Old vines (40 to 60 years old). Phenology, leaf water potential, and gas exchange parameters were tracked. Results indicated a difference in phenological progression after berry set between Young and Old vines. Young vines progressed more slowly during berry formation and more rapidly during berry ripening, resulting in Young vines being harvested before Old vines due to variation in the timing of sugar accumulation. No differences in leaf water potential were found. Young vines had higher mid-day stomatal conductance and tended to have higher mid-day photosynthetic rates. The results of this study suggest vine age is a factor in phenological timing and growing season length.
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Tarricone, L., G. Masi, S. Roccotelli, A. R. Caputo, and P. Crupi. "Vine performance of ‘Italia' table grape in relation to organic soil amendment." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191501034.
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The following research took place during the 2018 − ‘19 season in ‘Italia' table grape vineyard in Apulia. Four treatments were compared: no fertilized (T), organic amendment fertilized (B) at rate of 5.0 ton/hectare, equivalent at the rate of 100 Kg N ha−1, 75 Kg P2O5 ha−1 and 75 Kg K202 ha−1; mineral fertilized (M) at the same rate of N, P2O5 and K2O of organic fertilized vines and finally a cover crops treatment with a mixture of vetch, pea and lentil (S). Leaf gas exchange during summer season shown significant differences in term of net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, transpiration onto organic fertilized vines respect to control vines. Vines fertilized with organic amendment shown a better water status during warmest summer days since organic compounds improve the soil-water holding capacity. Compared to unfertilized vines, vines fertilized with organic amendment have shown a significant increase in yield per vine (+ 32%) in relation to the highest cluster weight and the highest sugar content respect to mineral fertilized vines. Our results indicates that application of an high level of soil organic amendment on ‘Italia' table grape vines increase grapevines yield, berry solid soluble solid and have improved soil properties, contrasting summer drought effect.
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Greer, Dennis H., and Mark M. Weedon. "Does the hydrocooling of Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon vines protect the vegetative and reproductive growth processes and vine performance against high summer temperatures?" Functional Plant Biology 41, no. 6 (2014): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp13286.
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A hydrocooling system applied to Semillon (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines as a means of protecting the vines from recurrent high temperatures. This system was assessed for impacts on vegetative and reproductive growth and development as well as for carbon economy of vines growing in vineyard conditions. The system maintained canopy temperatures at 35°C over the growing season. Leaf and bunch biomass and yield were all higher in the hydrocooled compared with control vines: the major effect was on dynamics of leaf and berry expansion. Leaf expansion was delayed and occurred over a longer duration whereas berry expansion was advanced and occurred over a longer duration than in control vines. Berry ripening was also faster in the hydrocooled vines and berries had accumulated more sugar at harvest. Leaf photosynthesis along the shoot was also higher in hydrocooled than control vines and there was a significant effect of leaf position on rates of photosynthesis of the hydrocooled vines but not with control vines. However, no differences were observed in the net shoot carbon budget. Lowered canopy temperatures were beneficial for yield and berry composition and, therefore, the cooling system warrants adoption in vineyards at risk from high temperature events during the growing season.
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Moghimi, Ali, Alireza Pourreza, German Zuniga-Ramirez, Larry E. Williams, and Matthew W. Fidelibus. "A Novel Machine Learning Approach to Estimate Grapevine Leaf Nitrogen Concentration Using Aerial Multispectral Imagery." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 3515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213515.
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Assessment of the nitrogen status of grapevines with high spatial, temporal resolution offers benefits in fertilizer use efficiency, crop yield and quality, and vineyard uniformity. The primary objective of this study was to develop a robust predictive model for grapevine nitrogen estimation at bloom stage using high-resolution multispectral images captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Aerial imagery and leaf tissue sampling were conducted from 150 grapevines subjected to five rates of nitrogen applications. Subsequent to appropriate pre-processing steps, pixels representing the canopy were segmented from the background per each vine. First, we defined a binary classification problem using pixels of three vines with the minimum (low-N class) and two vines with the maximum (high-N class) nitrogen concentration. Following optimized hyperparameters configuration, we trained five machine learning classifiers, including support vector machine (SVM), random forest, XGBoost, quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and deep neural network (DNN) with fully-connected layers. Among the classifiers, SVM offered the highest F1-score (82.24%) on the test dataset at the cost of a very long training time compared to the other classifiers. Alternatively, QDA and XGBoost required the minimum training time with promising F1-score of 80.85% and 80.27%, respectively. Second, we transformed the classification into a regression problem by averaging the posterior probability of high-N class for all pixels within each of 150 vines. XGBoost exhibited a slightly larger coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.56) and lower root mean square error (RMSE) (0.23%) compared to other learning methods in the prediction of nitrogen concentration of all vines. The proposed approach provides values in (i) leveraging high-resolution imagery, (ii) investigating spatial distribution of nitrogen across a vine’s canopy, and (iii) defining spatial zones for nitrogen application and smart sampling.
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Kaps, Martin L., and Marilyn B. Odneal. "IN-ROW SPACING AFFECTS GRAPEVINE PRODUCTIVITY AND TRELLIS FILL FOLLOWING A SEVERE WINTER." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 600c—600. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.600c.
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`Seyval blanc' and `Vidal blanc' grapevines were planted in 1983 at in-row spacings of 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, 3.6 and 4.8 m. Vineyard location is in the southcentral Missouri Ozark region, an area characterized by shallow soil and fluctuating winter temperature. A temperature of -28°C in January 1985 severely damaged the vines, which required retraining from the roots. Less time was needed to retrain close spaced vines to a single curtain cordon. Close spaced vines also yielded more in their first production year (1987). Wide spaced vines had increasingly higher pruning weight, yield, and cluster number per vine in later years. Juice soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity showed few differences among the spacing treatments. Close spaced vines were the most productive on a per meter of cordon basis. Competition between these vines has not yet reduced their productivity.
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Logan, D. P., and P. A. Alspach. "Negative association between chorus cicada Amphipsalta zelandica and armillaria root disease in kiwifruit." New Zealand Plant Protection 60 (August 1, 2007): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2007.60.4616.
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Armillaria root disease is a serious fungal disease of kiwifruit that can ultimately end in the death of infected vines One commerciallyavailable treatment for infected vines is to inject compost teas into subsoil with compressed air Compost teas are applied to improve soil and hence plant health and their use is based on the generalisation that healthy plants have fewer pests Accordingly there is a suggestion that healthy kiwifruit vines free of armillaria root disease support fewer cicadas Exuviae of the dominant cicada species in kiwifruit Amphipsalta zelandica (Boisduval) were counted and symptoms of armillaria root disease scored for 300 contiguous vines in a commerciallymanaged block of kiwifruit More A zelandica exuviae were found on healthy vines than on vines with symptoms of armillaria root disease and in this instance the generalisation that healthy plants have fewer pests was not true
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Cheng, Lailiang, Guohai Xia, and Terry Bates. "Growth and Fruiting of Young `Concord' Grapevines in Relation to Reserve Nitrogen and Carbohydrates." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 129, no. 5 (September 2004): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.129.5.0660.
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One-year-old `Concord' grapevines (Vitis labruscana Bailey) were fertigated with 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mm nitrogen by using a modified Hoagland's solution for 8 weeks during active vine growth in summer. Half of the vines at each N concentration were sprayed with 3% foliar urea twice in late September while the rest served as controls. After natural leaf fall, all the vines were overwintered in a cold room (2 to 4 °C). Four vines from each treatment were destructively sampled before budbreak for reserve N and carbohydrate analysis. The remaining vines were supplied with either no N or sufficient N (10 mm N) from 2 weeks before bloom to 1 month after bloom. All the vines were destructively harvested at 1 month after bloom. Total amount of N in dormant vines increased with increasing N fertigation concentration. Total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) increased with increasing N fertigation concentration from 0 to 10 mm, and then leveled off with further rises in N supply. Foliar urea application increased total N but decreased TNC of dormant vines at each given N fertigation level. When no N was provided during the regrowth period, vine total leaf area, fruit yield, and total dry weight increased with increasing N supply from fertigation the previous year. Vines sprayed with foliar urea the previous fall produced a larger total leaf area, a higher yield, and a higher total vine dry weight at each given N fertigation concentration. Providing vines with sufficient N during the regrowth period significantly increased total leaf area, fruit yield, and vine total dry weight across the previous N fertigation concentrations, but vines sprayed with foliar urea still had a larger leaf area, a higher yield, and a higher total vine dry weight at each given N fertigation concentration. Therefore, we conclude that both vegetative growth and fruiting of young `Concord' vines are largely determined by reserve nitrogen, not by reserve carbohydrates, and that current-season N supply plays a very important role in sustaining vine growth and development, especially fruit growth.
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Alvarez Arredondo, Jocelyn, Jose Muñoz, L. Federico Casassa, and Jean Catherine Dodson Peterson. "The Effect of Supplemental Irrigation on a Dry-Farmed Vitis vinifera L. cv. Zinfandel Vineyard as a Function of Vine Age." Agronomy 13, no. 8 (July 28, 2023): 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13081998.
Full textAbstract:
With natural rainfall and surface water availability becoming scarce, prolonged droughts are expected to become more frequent, thereby creating issues for agriculture. In viticulture, a lack of rainfall is often supplemented with irrigation during the growing season and/or dormancy. However, with surface and groundwater resources declining in addition to current changes in rainfall patterns, it is unlikely that supplemental irrigation will continue to be an available tool for most growers. As such, this study aims to evaluate the effect of dry farming and supplemental irrigation during the growing season on vine performance and fruit composition as a function of vine age in Zinfandel grapevines. A historically dry-farmed vineyard block with interplanted vines of varying ages was evaluated during the 2021 growing season. Treatments included young vines (5–12 years old), control vines (2:1 ratio of old to young vines representative of the block), and old vines (40–60 years old); each age designation included irrigated and dry-farmed vines. Based on age-specific ETc and to replenish 95% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), irrigation was manually applied to the irrigated treatment vines at véraison and véraison + 4 weeks. Results indicated no significant changes in phenological progression, leaf senescence, or physical berry analysis when irrigation was added to dry-farmed vines, as most differences were driven by vine age in most parameters measured. Irrigated vines were slightly more advanced in phenological growth and senescence progression compared to dry-farmed vines. Results suggest that the practice of applying supplemental irrigation during the growing season, provided winter rainfall or additional winter irrigation is sufficient, does not have significant impacts on vine performance. Thus, dry farming during the growing season is a reasonable alternative practice in Zinfandel, even in periods of drought.
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Lu, Shaoli, and Mark Rieger. "Cold Acclimation of Young Kiwifruit Vines under Artificial Hardening Conditions." HortScience 25, no. 12 (December 1990): 1628–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.12.1628.
Full textAbstract:
One-year-old kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et R. Ferguson var. deliciosa] vines were grown under 8- and 16-hour photoperiods to study the influence of photoperiod on cold acclimation and determine the potential level of hardiness that young vines attain. Vines were acclimated by reducing growth chamber temperature at 2-week intervals, beginning at 31/20C (16 hours/8 hours) and ending with 15/5C after 8 weeks. Vines receiving an 8-hour photoperiod were more cold hardy than vines receiving a 16-hour photoperiod after 4 weeks of acclimation as determined by electrolyte leakage from stem tissues. Moreover, vines receiving an 8-hour photoperiod survived freezing at – 9C at the end of the 8-week acclimation period, whereas those receiving a 16-hour photoperiod were killed at – 6C. Vine survival and electrolyte leakage of sterns were highly correlated (r = – 0.79 to – 0.90).