Academic literature on the topic 'Vines'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vines"
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Badr, Sayed A. "YIELD AND QUALITY OF THE RED GLOBE GRAPE VARIETY AS INFLUENCED BY GRAFTING ON DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 689e—689. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.689e.
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Grafted and non-grafted vines of the Red Globe cultivar were planted in May, 1985 in a randomized block design to determine the effects of grafting on different rootstock on vine growth, yield, and fruit quality. The rootstocks used in this trial were Harmony, Freedom, Couderc 1613, and Thompson Seedless; non-grafted vines included rooted cuttings and one-year-old rootings. Vines grafted on Freedom were more vigorous than any other vines. The levels of nitrogen and potassium were significantly higher in vines grafted on Freedom than non-grafted vines or those grafted on other rootstocks. Yield was significantly influenced by the different rootstocks. Vines grafted on Freedom produced significantly lower yield than other vines. Vines grafted on Harmony and Couderc 1613 were not significantly different from each other or non-grafted vines that were established from a rooted cutting.
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Stajic, Marija. "Roses and Vines." Prairie Schooner 94, no. 3 (2020): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2020.0097.
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Kenny, Maurice. "In the Vines." World Literature Today 66, no. 2 (1992): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40038901.
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Carol E. Brier. "Tending Our Vines:." Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 80, no. 1 (2013): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.80.1.0085.
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Putz, Francis E., Harold A. Mooney, and Stephen H. Bullock. "Biology of vines." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 4, no. 8 (August 1989): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(89)90164-x.
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Zulu, D., R. H. Ellis, and A. Culham. "Propagation of lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora), a wild yam, for in situ and ex situ conservation and potential domestication." Experimental Agriculture 56, no. 3 (May 19, 2020): 453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479720000083.
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SummaryLusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora Benth. subsp. pedicellata Milne-Redh) is an important wild edible tuber foraged widely from natural forests in Southern Zambia, but at risk from overharvesting and deforestation. Its propagation was investigated in glasshouse studies to explore potential domestication and future in situ and ex situ genetic resources conservation. Almost all tubers planted with visible shoot buds produced vines, with no effect of tuber size on vine emergence or tuber yield. Few tubers without visible shoot buds at planting produced vines, but those that did not re-tuberized. The progeny provided good vine emergence and similar tuber yield, with vines from tubers produced by re-tuberization being more vigorous. Re-tuberization in the absence of vine emergence also occurred in other experiments. Minisetts cut from the proximal end of tubers provided better vine emergence (with more from 20-mm than 10-mm-long sections) and greater tuber yield than mid- or distal minisetts. Nodal stem cuttings rooted well, vined, and provided small tubers. This study shows that lusala can be propagated successfully from tubers, minisetts, nodal vine cuttings, or mini-tubers from nodal vine cuttings, for genetic resources conservation and/or domestication. Domestication is likely to be hampered by the long period required for vines to emerge and establish. More sustainable foraging, including re-planting in natural forests, is recommended to balance consumption of lusala in the region and promote its long-term conservation.
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Hoyle, Victoria, Madison T. Flasco, Jiyeong Choi, Elizabeth J. Cieniewicz, Heather McLane, Keith Perry, Gerald Dangl, et al. "Transmission of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus by Spissistilus festinus [Say, 1830] (Hemiptera: Membracidae) between Free-Living Vines and Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Franc’." Viruses 14, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14061156.
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Grapevine red blotch disease emerged within the past decade, disrupting North American vine stock production and vineyard profitability. Our understanding of how grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), the causal agent of the disease, interacts with its Vitis hosts and insect vector, Spissistilus festinus, is limited. Here, we studied the capabilities of S. festinus to transmit GRBV from and to free-living vines, identified as first-generation hybrids of V. californica and V. vinifera ‘Sauvignon blanc’ (Vcal hybrids), and to and from V. vinifera ‘Cabernet franc’ (Vvin Cf) vines. The transmission rate of GRBV was high from infected Vcal hybrid vines to healthy Vcal hybrid vines (77%, 10 of 13) and from infected Vvin Cf vines to healthy Vcal hybrid vines (100%, 3 of 3). In contrast, the transmission rate of GRBV was low from infected Vcal hybrid vines to healthy Vvin Cf vines (15%, 2 of 13), and from infected Vvin Cf vines to healthy Vvin Cf vines (19%, 5 of 27). No association was found between transmission rates and GRBV titer in donor vines used in transmission assays, but the virus titer was higher in the recipient leaves of Vcal hybrid vines compared with recipient leaves of Vvin Cf vines. The transmission of GRBV from infected Vcal hybrid vines was also determined to be trans-stadial. Altogether, our findings revealed that free-living vines can be a source for the GRBV inoculum that is transmissible by S. festinus to other free-living vines and a wine grape cultivar, illustrating the interconnected roles of the two virus hosts in riparian areas and commercial vineyards, respectively, for virus spread. These new insights into red blotch disease epidemiology will inform the implementation of disease management strategies.
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Downton, WJS, and WJR Grant. "Photosynthetic Physiology of Spur Pruned and Minimal Pruned Grapevines." Functional Plant Biology 19, no. 3 (1992): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9920309.
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Canopy development, photosynthetic performance and yield characteristics of Riesling grapevines managed by either conventional spur pruning or minimal pruning were compared over a growing season. Leaf area development 4-5 weeks after budburst was 4-5-fold greater on the minimal pruned vines due to the 6-7-fold greater number of buds that burst to produce shoots. By time of flowering (8 weeks after budburst) there was less than a 2-fold difference between the pruning treatments in leaf area per vine. At time of harvest the leaf area of spur pruned vines on a Y-shaped trellis exceeded that of minimal pruned vines. Average photosynthetic rates of leaves on shoots on minimal pruned vines were 40% higher than on spur pruned vines at 4 weeks after budburst, but average rates were similar the following week and thereafter. Calculated instantaneous photosynthetic rates for entire vines were 3-6-fold higher for the minimal pruned vines at 4-5 weeks after budburst. However, by time of flowering, vines in both treatments had similar photosynthetic rates. At harvest, spur pruned vines showed somewhat greater instantaneous carbon gain than minimal pruned vines. Carbon gain per vine per day estimated from hourly measurements of irradiance over the canopy showed a similar trend to the instantaneous rates. Leaf conductances did not differ with pruning treatment. Calculated instantaneous water loss per vine was 2-5-fold higher for minimal pruned vines 4-5 weeks after budburst, but from flowering onwards spur pruned vines were likely to use more water than minimal pruned vines. Minimal pruned vines yielded twice the quantity of fruit of spur pruned vines, but only one-quarter the dry weight of new canes. Total carbon invested in fruit, new canes and leaves, however, was similar in both pruning treatments, accounting for 60-70% of the estimated carbon gain by the vines.
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Maynard, Donald N. "PERFORMANCE OF TROPICAL PUMPKIN (CUCURBITA MOSCHATA) INBREDS AND HYBRIDS." HortScience 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 746e—746. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.746e.
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Traditional varieties and selections of tropical pumpkins have long trailing vines that produce two to five fruit weighing from 2 to 20 kg each. Bush inbreds have been developed from crosses between `La Primera', `La Segunda', and `Seminole' with `Bush Butternut'. These inbred plants produce four to 10 early-maturing fruit weighing 1 to 2 kg each at the crown of the plant. Hybrids made with the vining types produce plants that have short or intermediate-length vines. Fruit are produced at the crown and on short laterals on the short-vine hybrids and on laterals on the intermediate-vine hybrids. Some short-vined and intermediate-vined hybrids produce higher yields than the traditional type, but fruit size is smaller and the fruit wall is generally thinner. C42-1-9-1 x Linea C. Pinta, an intermediate-vine type, produced the highest yield in spring (66.5 t·ha–1) and fall (39.9 t·ha–1) at Bradenton, Fla. About three fruit weighing 4 to 5 kg each were produced per plant.
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Krewer, Gerard, J. D. Dutcher, and C. J. Chang. "Imidacloprid Insecticide Slows Development of Pierce's Disease in Bunch Grapes." Journal of Entomological Science 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-37.1.101.
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Six cultivars of bunch grapevines Vitis labrusca (L.) and V. vinifera (L), ‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Canadice’, ‘Flame Seedless’, ‘Johannesburg Riesling’, ‘Mars’ and ‘Reliance’ when treated at planting and for 3 yrs with two (early spring and mid-summer) applications of imidacloprid (Admire®, Bayer Corp., Kansas City, MO) in a 1 to 2 liters aqueous solution (0.70 g active ingredient per vine per application) as drench to the base of the vine, had lower incidence of Pierce's Disease (PD) than untreated grapevines. Apparent PD symptoms were evident on the control vines in mid-summer of the second season. By the fall of the second season and spring of the third season, some control vines were dead. ELISA tests in July of the third season, indicated that similar proportions of treated and control vines contained the PD bacteria. ELISA tests in August of the third season, indicated that significantly more control vines than treated vines contained PD bacteria. Vines treated with imidacloprid showed PD symptoms in June of the third season, and the rate of disease development was slower than in the control vines. After 3 yrs, 18% of the control vines were dead while all the treated vines were alive. ‘Carbernet Franc’ and ‘J. Riesling’ vines treated with imidacloprid had higher yields that the untreated vines within the two cultivars in the third season. ‘Reliance’ vines had higher soluble solids in vines treated with imidacloprid than in untreated vines. Survival at bud break of the fourth year was higher in treated than in untreated vines. Homalodisca coagulata (Say), H. insolita (F.), Oncometopia orbona (Walker) and Graphocephala versuta (Say) were the more abundant leafhopper vectors of PD in the experimental plot and in the surrounding fruit crops. Overall, this research suggests that under severe PD pressure vineyard life can be extended by about 1 yr by application of imidacloprid.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vines"
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Hosman, Brenna. "Like Snakes Among Vines." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1616522641663045.
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Warren, Peter L. "Landscape Vines for Southern Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305088.
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Mardis, Roger D. "An analysis and evaluation of the expository preaching and teaching ministry of Jerry Vines." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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de, Blocq van Scheltinga Corrie. "Vines and violence : stories from a South African wine farm." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11383/.
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The product of 350 years of endeavour, viticulture is pivotal in the geographies of the south-western Cape. Yet the farms where wine is made are particularly adept at disguising the violent processes of appropriation and contestation that created them. This thesis is concerned with exposing underlying forms of violence and also explores transformative initiatives on a specific wine farm. It asks how and in what ways viticulture frames colonialized and apartheid violence and then queries how this farm relates to the discourses and failures of South Africa’s contemporary reconciliation and recovery. By applying insights of spatial and decolonial theories to the field of viticulture this thesis proposes a different way of looking at violence in South Africa. It shows that vineyards are carriers not only of plant material and morphological processes but also of various terms of historical violence which contrive to impact on current viticultural practices. Here, the linked influences of property and power are dominant and relate in complex ways to various modalities and experiences of belonging. These differences create fault-lines that are ultimately generative of repercussive forms of violence that break into the charged context of land reform in South Africa today. This thesis thus extends existing empirical approaches to viticulture research into spaces of social and epistemic interactions. It proposes a move beyond conceptualizing violence as particular to any discrete political era and towards its understanding as a fluid, relational and dynamic intergenerational inheritance and haunting. Based on understandings derived from the circularity of wine, this thesis calls for a re-theorized approach to violence in a context in which the past survives in the specificities of farm space and its productive practices.
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Maluf, Yuri Sampaio. "Distribuição de funções de variáveis aleatórias dependentes e R-Vines cópulas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.12.D.20419.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Estatística, 2015.Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-03-22T19:46:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_YuriSampaioMaluf.pdf: 4291479 bytes, checksum: 4a9954a7905294836d257652f0ce1753 (MD5)
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Neste trabalho, estudamos a formulação da distribuição de funções de variáveis aleatórias contínuas dependentes. O mecanismo de modelagem da dependência é feita via funções cópulas. Dentre os resultados obtidos formulamos a expressão geral da distribuição da soma de n variáveis aleatórias dependentes. Expandimos a abordagem para a distribuição de outras funções de variáveis aleatórias tais como o quociente, produto e uma combinação convexa. Por meio das R-Vines Cópulas, obtivermos também a expressão da soma de n variáveis aleatórias em que cada componente é governada por um processo GARCH. A partir deste resultado, calculamos o Value-at-Risk (VaR) e Expected Shortfalls (ES) da soma dessas variáveis. Em função desta estrutura, as medidas de risco passam a adquirir um comportamento dinâmico. Ao final do trabalho exibimos algumas ilustrações numéricas via simulação de Monte Carlo. Apresentamos também uma aplicação com dados reais provenientes de bolsas de valores da América Latina.
In this thesis, we studied the distribution of function of dependents continuous random variables. The modeling dependencies structures are made via copula functions. We obtain the general expression of the distribution of the sum of n dependents random variables. This approach is expanded for other functions such as ratio, product and a convex combination. Using R-Vines Copulas, we also derive an expression of the sum of n dependents random variables, being each component governed by AR-GARCH process. From these results, we assess the Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfalls (ES) of the sum of these variables. According to this structure, the VaR takes a dynamic behavior. At the end of this thesis, we show some numerical illustrations via Monte Carlo simulation. An application with real data from Latin American stock markets is also presented.
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Van, Zyl Annette. "The effect of a creosote stockyard on the environment, vines and wines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80273.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The quality of wine is largely dependent on environmental conditions and recent studies have therefore focused on agricultural practices in terms of water, soil and biodiversity conservation. The industry aims to create sustainable practice and to protect the natural resources available. Sources of potential grape contamination include: vehicle pollution, pesticides, bushfires and wood preservatives used for trellising systems. The latter have come to the attention of the South African wine industry (e.g. creosote and Copper Chromium Arsenate (CCA) products) as they may have consequences for the environment and wine quality. Creosote is a known pollutant of soil and ground water and the volatile fraction has been monitored in air. Plants may also accumulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which constitute up to 85% of the mass of creosote, and of which some have been proven carcinogenic. Because of the health risks associated with it, creosote has therefore been restricted for use in most applications in Europe, and also in the United States, Canada and Australia. This study focussed on the sensorial and chemical analyses of environmental and wine samples taken from the area around the creosote stockyard to determine accumulation of creosote-derived compounds. Environmental samples were collected and analysed at different distances from the affected area, over two vintages. Wines were made from grapes grown in vineyard blocks adjacent to the stockyard, to determine the effect of distance and skin contact during alcoholic fermentation treatments on wine taint. A sensory panel was trained for descriptive analysis to determine the intensity of the taint. Analytical methods were developed for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The sensory results obtained showed white and rosé wines were perceived as clean, whilst the red wines were associated with burnt rubber/tar taint. The perceived taint decreased as distance from the stockyard increased. Wines made from the Cabernet Sauvignon blocks adjacent to the stockyard also showed an increase of taint with the increase of skin contact. Chemical data obtained showed that the taint consisted of a complex mixture of compounds, each with its own pattern of retention within the vineyard and wine. Only m-cresol was found above odour threshold, and only in red wines. The synergistic effect of some compounds may lead to an increase in the perceived taint. Berries and leaves had higher concentrations of volatile compounds than wines. Leaf contamination varied and followed the general trend in literature where the plants with high lipid content and exposed leaf area were the most contaminated. There may be other compounds present in creosote emissions, aside from those investigated here, with sensory attributes related to the taint found in wines. These compounds are styrene, indene, benzene, toluene, isoquinoline and quinoline and should be included in further investigations. From the PAH analysis of environmental samples and wines, it is evident that the samples closest to the stockyard were affected the most. The contamination varied with the depth of the soil: some of the heavier compounds were found in the samples taken from the deeper levels, whilst nearly all other target compounds were present in the top layer of soil. The concentrations found in the environmental samples were lower than reported in literature. Wines had few PAHs present, but at much higher concentrations than is allowed by EU legislation. From this study it is evident that the stockyard had negative effects on the surrounding environment in terms of sensory and chemical contamination. Recommendations include area rehabilitation by means of bioremediation to protect resources and ensure sustainable and safe production of crops. Industrial emissions should also be regulated and restricted in agricultural areas. Furthermore the use of creosote should be revised, and prohibited for agricultural use.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kwaliteit van wyn is grootliks afhanklik van die omgewingstoestande. Daarom fokus verskeie onlangse studies op landbou aktiwiteite en die invloed daarvan op die omgewing in terme van water, grond en biodiversiteit bewaring. The wyn industrie se doelwitte sluit volhoubare praktyke in, wat die natuurlike hulpbronne bewaar en beskerm. Druiwe kan deur middel van die volgende bronne besoedel word: brandstof uitlaatgasse, insekdoders, veldbrande, gifstowwe wat gebruik word vir houtperservering wat dan verder aangewend word vir opleistelsels. Houtperservering (Koper chroom arsenaat (CCA) en kreosoot) het veral in die laaste paar jaar onder aandag gekom in die wynbedryf van Suid-Afrika as gevolg van die invloed daarvan op die omgewing en die uiteindelike wynkwaliteit. Kreosoot is ‘n gekende gifstof wat verantwoordelik is vir grond en grondwater besoedeling en wat gemonitor word in die atmosfeer. Plante akkummuleer ook poli-sikliese aromatiese hidro-koolstowwe (PAHs), wat to 85% uitmaak van die massa van kreosoot. PAHs is karsinogenies en dus is daar baie navorsing op die molekules reeds gedoen. Die gesondheidsrisikos gepaardgaande met kreosoot het gelei tot die streng geregulasies tans ingestel in Europa, die Verenigde State, Kanada en Australië. Hierdie studie het gefokus op die sensoriese en chemiese analises van omgewings- en wyn-monsters geneem van die omliggende area van die kreosoot palewerf om die akkumulasie van kreosoot-afgeleide-verbindings. Omgewingsmonsters was versamel en geanaliseer om verskillende afstande vanaf die bron van besoedeling (palewerf) te ondersoek oor ‘n twee jaar periode. Wyne is gemaak van die druiwe wat afkomstig is van die blok aangeplant langs die palewerf. Die wyne is ondersoek in terme van afstand vanaf die kreosoot bron asook oenologiese invloede, dopkontak gedurende alkoholiese fermentasie, op die kontaminasie beskryf in wyn. Die wyne is ook oor ‘n twee jaar periode voorberei en sluit die 2011 en 2012 seisoen in. ‘n Sensoriese paneel is opgelei om die beskrywende analises op die wyn uit te voer met die doel om die intensiteit van kontaminasie te identifiseer. Analitiese metodes is ook ontwikkel vir die analise van vlugtige organiese verbindings(VOCs) met gas chromatografie-massa spektrometrie (GCMS) en poli-sikliese aromaties hidro-koolstowwe (PAHs) met hoë druk vloeistof chromatografie. Die sensoriese resultate bekom het wit en rosé wyne as skoon laat blyk, terwyl rooi wyne meer geassosieer was met die gebrande rubber/ teer afgeur beskrywing. Die waargeneemde afgeur het afgeneem soos wat die afstand vanaf die palewerf toegeneem het. Wyne gemaak van die Cabernet Sauvignon blokke langsaan die palewerf het ook ‘n toename in die afgeur gehad met ‘n toename in dopkontak. Chemiese data bekom beeld uit dat die afgeur uit ‘n komplekse mengsel van verbindings bestaan, elk met sy eie patroon van verspreiding en verbinding in die wingerd as ook in die wyn. Net m-kresol was gevind bo die reuk drumpel, dit het ook net in rooi wyne voorgekom. Die sinergistiese effek van die verbindings mag egter bydra tot die waargeneemde afgeur. Druiwekorrels en blare het hoër konsentrasies van die vlugtige verbindings gehad as wat gemeet is in die wyne. Blaar kontaminasie het ook baie gewissel en het ooreengestem met die algemene tendens wat in literatuur beskryf is, naamlik dat plante met ‘n hoër lipid inhoud en grootter blaar oppervlak die meeste gekontamineer word. Daar mag egter nog baie ander verbindings bydra tot die waargeneemde afgeur gevind in die wyn. Spesifieke verbindings wat wel ‘n rol kan speel in kontaminasie en wat voorkom in die vlugtige gedeelte van kreosoot is styreen, indeen, benzeen, tolueen, isoquinoleen die vlugtige verbindings van kreosoot. Die verbindings moet ingesluit word vir verdere studies wat gedoen word op die kreosoot geassosieerde afgeur. Die PAHs analise op die omgewingsmonsters en wyne het gelei tot die bevestiging dat die naasliggende omgewing die meeste geaffekteer is. Die kontaminasie wissel in terme van die diepte in die grond wat die gifstowwe voorkom: die swaarder molekulêre verbindings is tot in die dieper vlakke waargeneem terwyl al die gemete verbindings in die boonste lae teenwoordig was. Die vlakke wat waargeneem is in dié studie is egter laer as wat voorheen in literatuur gevind is in ‘n kreosoot geaffekteerde omgewing. Wyn het PAHs teenwoordig gehad, alhoewel slegs twee verbindings gemeet is, het dit in hoër vlakke voorgekom as wat sekere Europese regulasies as toelaatbaar spesifiseer. Vanaf die studie resultate blyk dit, dat die palewerf se negatiewe invloed op die omliggende omgewing beide meetbaar was in sensories en chemiese kontaminasie. Voorstelle sluit onder andere die rehabilitasie van die omliggende omgewing deur middel van bioremediasie in. Om sodoende die natuurlike hulpbronne in die area te bewaar asook om volhoubare en veilige verbouing van gewasse te verseker. Industriële besoedeling en afval moet ook gereguleer word en beperk word in landbou areas. Verder moet die gebruik van kreosoot heroorweeg word en strenger regulasies moet in plek gestel word om aan internastionale standaarde te voldoen.
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Wah, Yan Fong Wan Chow. "Viroids in grapevines : transmission via seeds and persistence in meristem-regenerated vines." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw136.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 127-152. The aim of this work is to study viroids in grapevines, particularly their vertical transmission via seeds, during meristem culture and micropropagation. There was also an attempt to produce viroid-free vines by shoot apical meristem culture (SAMC).
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Alanazi, Fadhah Amer. "The development and application of new statistical vine copula models." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132154/1/Fadhah%20Amer%20H_Alanazi_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis contributes to research in multivariate statistics by developing regular vine copula-based models that are more flexible and provide improved model fit. The main focus of the research is on mixture pair-copula based models as they can describe a range of multivariate dependency patterns. The research makes four main contributions related to the new models and provides mathematical and numerical results that showcase the advantages of the proposed approaches.
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Hackett, Nancy C. "Vines, wines, and visitors, a case study of agricultural diversification into winery tourism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24147.pdf.
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Krouthén, Johannes. "Extreme joint dependencies with copulasA new approach for the structure of C-Vines." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256955.
Full textBooks on the topic "Vines"
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Bales, Suzanne Frutig. Vines. New York: Macmillan, 1995.
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Bales, Suzanne Frutig. Vines. New York: Macmillan, 1995.
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McKinley, Tamara. Jacaranda Vines. London: Piatkus, 2001.
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Noble, Diane. Tangled vines. Sisters, Or: Alabaster Books, 1998.
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Janet, Dailey. Tangled vines. London: Warner, 1993.
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Janet, Dailey. Tangled vines. London: Warner, 1993.
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Janet, Dailey. Tangled vines. Anstey: Thorpe, 1994.
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Leigh, Helena. Wild vines. Leicester: Charnwood, 1986.
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Spindler, Erica. Blood vines. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2010.
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Janet, Dailey. Tangled vines. London: M. Joseph, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Vines"
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Czado, Claudia. "Regular Vines." In Analyzing Dependent Data with Vine Copulas, 95–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13785-4_5.
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Humphrey, Brian E. "Vitis (Vitaceae) – Vines, Grapevines." In The Bench Grafter’s Handbook, 511–16. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315171463-56.
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Vaughn, Kevin C., and Andrew J. Bowling. "Biology and Physiology of Vines." In Horticultural Reviews, 1–21. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470872376.ch1.
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Adamson, David. "Beneath the Vines, Beneath the Trees." In The Ruins of Time, 81–93. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003368373-7.
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"Vines." In The Watersmart Garden, 203–12. University of Hawaii Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780824839154-010.
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"Vines." In Growing California Native Plants, Second Edition, 211–16. University of California Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520353091-013.
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Szymanski, Erika. "Vines." In From Terrain to Brain, 23—C2N12. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197640319.003.0003.
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Abstract The meaning of “species” and “clone” is changing in the wine world, thanks to new breeding techniques for hybridizing valuable characteristics such as disease resistance or heat tolerance into desirable vine backgrounds. How should we classify the variety of vines that are now available? That depends on what differences matter most. Classification is always a matter of prioritizing some similarities and differences over others, and different groups don’t always share the same priorities. This chapter reviews the genetic and cultural basis for wine grape taxonomy, clone designations as they have emerged following the phylloxera crisis, and classification challenges presented by contemporary hybridization and genetic modification efforts.
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"Climbing Vines." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, 103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52090-2_300047.
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Cooke, Roger M., Harry Joe, and Kjersti Aas. "Vines Arise." In Dependence Modeling, 37–71. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814299886_0003.
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Morales-Nápoles, O. "Counting Vines." In Dependence Modeling, 189–218. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814299886_0009.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Vines"
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Botezatu, Andrei, Natalia Mocanu, and Nicoleta Mateoc-Sirb. "Budgeting and economic importance in the production of table grapes." In 4th Economic International Conference "Competitiveness and Sustainable Development". Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2022.41.
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The results of table grape plantations on intensive support systems have a very good performance, both in our country and abroad. The vines on the Pergola support system allow obtaining very large harvests, and the grapes being of a superior quality compared to traditional systems. In this vein, every year more and more domestic producers choose to grow vines on this type of support. This is confirmed by statistical data. Since the investment costs are considerable for the establishment of such a plantation, table grape producers have a harder time deciding to start such investments, but the beautiful results that this method of growing vines brings, gradually convince more and more producers in its efficiency. Thus in 2020 over 150 hectares of vines were planted on the Pergola system. Currently, in the Republic of Moldova, about 300 hectares have ended up being planted with vines on the Pergola type system, compared to 6 hectares certified five years ago.
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Mihut, Casiana, Adalbert Okros, Lucian Dumitru Nita, Vlad Dragoslav Mircov, and Anisoara Duma-Copcea. "SOILS FROM TIROL AND MOLDOVA NOUA VINICULTURAL CENTRES." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s19.50.
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Research presented in this study aimed to identify the soils from two vineyards, Tirol and Moldova Noua, and to determine the physical and chemical properties of the soils there. Most of the vine plantations in the southern part of the vineyard are on soils that provide very good conditions for growth and development, especially for red wine vines. Preluvosoil, aluviosoil, districambosoil, and lithosol predominate the plateau. Following the research and analyses carried out, the following conclusions can be drawn: total soil porosity had values between 50-55% in the Tyrol vineyard and between 50-66% in the Moldova Noua vineyard; pH of the soil in the Tyrol vineyard had values between 5.6-5.8 and between 4.5 and 8.3 in the Moldova Noua vineyard; humus content had values between 1.03-1.97, i.e., very small to medium values, in both vineyards; total nitrogen content was 0.119-0.231%, total phosphorus content was between 0.213-0.350%, and mobile phosphorus content was 4 mg/100 g soil. The soils in the Moldova Noua vineyard have a rich skeleton, especially those located in the middle of the slopes, where the percentage of the skeleton is between 18.1-26.8%. Thus, knowing the physical and chemical properties of the soils in the Tirol and Moldova Noua vineyards, it can be stated that the soils most suitable to be planted with vines are those in the Moldova Noua vineyard. This study is particularly important from the perspective of the necessary information obtained in the cultivation of vines and not only.
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Flauzino, José Wilson Vieira, Vinícius Fülber-Garcia, Giovanni Venâncio De Souza, and Elias Procópio Duarte Júnior. "Além do OpenStack: Disponibilizando o Suporte para Funções Virtualizadas de Rede NFV-MANO no CloudStack." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbrc.2020.12300.
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A arquitetura de referência NFV-MANO (NFV - Management and Orchestration) consiste de um conjunto de especificações relacionadas ao gerenciamento do ciclo de vida e orquestração de VNFs (Virtualized Network Functions). Curiosamente, boa parte dos esforços de desenvolvimento em NFV (Network Function Virtualization) são focados na plataforma de nuvem OpenStack e, em especial, no projeto Tacker. O CloudStack, porém, uma das principais plataformas de nuvens, tem sido superficialmente explorado no contexto do NFV-MANO. Este trabalho propõe o Vines (Vines Is an NFV-MANO Extensible Solution), uma solução integrada à plataforma CloudStack para implantação e gerenciamento do ciclo de vida de VNFs, o que inclui desde a instanciação, atualização e remoção de VNFs, até a recuperação automática de falhas e escalabilidade vertical. Para isso, um VNF Manager (VNFM) foi desenvolvido, disponibilizando um conjunto completo de operações de ciclo de vida de VNFs. Além disso, o Vines tem uma vantagem sobre o Tacker, pois suporta a gerência interna de VNFs. Resultados de experimentos comparativos entre o CloudStack/Vines e o OpenStack/Tacker, ressaltam a viabilidade da proposta.
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Flauzino, José, and Elias P. Duarte Jr. "Uma Plataforma NFV-MANO para Suporte e Orquestração de Serviços de Rede Virtualizados em Nuvem CloudStack." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbrc_estendido.2022.222414.
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A Virtualização de Funções de Rede (NFV) tem o potencial de revolucionar a forma como os núcleos das redes são construídos e gerenciados. A arquitetura NFV-MANO tem sido amplamente empregada pelas plataformas NFV. Estas plataformas NFV utilizam diversos facilitadores incluindo nuvens computacionais, com notável predominância do OpenStack. Este trabalho propõe o Vines, a primeira solução CloudStack para a orquestração de funções e serviços de rede virtualizados. Uma contribuição relevante do Vines é uma arquitetura de gerência inovadora e completa de VNFs (Virtualized Network Functions) bem como orquestração de SFCs (Service Function Chains). O Vines foi implementado integrado ao CloudStack e está publicamente disponível. Os resultados de uma avaliação empírica ressaltam a viabilidade da proposta, inclusive ao comparar seu desempenho com o OpenStack/Tacker.
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Flauzino, José, Vinícius Fülber-Garcia, Alexandre Huff, Giovanni Venâncio, and Elias P. Duarte Jr. "Gerência e Orquestração de Funções e Serviços de Rede Virtualizados em Nuvem CloudStack." In Workshop de Gerência e Operação de Redes e Serviços. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wgrs.2021.17187.
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O paradigma NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) tem o potencial de revolucionar a forma como os núcleos das redes são construídos e gerenciados. A arquitetura NFV-MANO tem sido amplamente empregada pelas plataformas NFV. Estas plataformas utilizam diversos facilitadores incluindo plataformas de nuvem. Neste aspecto, é notável a predominância do OpenStack. Este trabalho descreve o Vines, a primeira solução CloudStack para a composição e gerência de SFCs (Service Function Chains). O Vines propõe uma arquitetura holística que viabiliza um conjunto completo de funcionalidades de gerência de SFCs e VNFs (Virtualized Network Functions) heterogêneas. O Vines foi implementado como parte do CloudStack e está publicamente disponível. Os resultados de uma avaliação empírica ressaltam a viabilidade da proposta, inclusive de seu desempenho em comparação com o OpenStack/Tacker.
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DOBREI, Alin, Alina Georgeta DOBREI, Eleonora NISTOR, Sorin STANCIU, Mihaela MOATĂR, and Florin SALA. "SUSTAINABILITY OF GRAPEVINE PRODUCTION THROUGH MORE EFFICIENT SYSTEMS OF SOIL MAINTENANCE AND AGRO-BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.022.
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Tillage practices in viticulture are very important, with major effects on quantitative and qualitative production, on vines phenology and stages of growth. In this study the aim was to identify the most appropriate vineyard floor management, located on flat land or mild slopes, with medium or high soils fertility. The research was carried out during 2011–2013 in the vineyard of the BUASVM Didactic Station from Timisoara and focusing exclusively on several variants of soil maintenance in order to replace the need for manual labor. Leaf area was estimated by concentric circles method and sugar concentration was evaluated by refractometry. Total acidity in must and wine was determined by titration. Grape yield was estimated by bunches counting and weighing, for each variety and productive potential (kg ha-1) was appreciated by multiplying the average yield per vine with the number of vines per hectare. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 6. Performance of Burgundy variety for superior red wines group and Silvania table grape variety – with a medium ripening, were analyzed in the experiment. For both Burgundy and Silvania varieties the sixth variant (V6–bare soil by tillage middles row (tractor and rotary hoe)/rotary hoe undervine (tractor and adjustable offset rotary tiller) registered the highest grape yield during the research. The lowest grape yield fulfils to the seventh variant of vineyard floor management. Burgundy variety had the average must sugar content of 195 ± 4.27 g l-1 and that of the leaf area of 7.09 ± 0.58 m2 while in Silvania variety the average of grape must acidity was 4.66 ± 0.35 g l-1 H2SO4 and the leaf area of 7.42 ± 0.51 m2/vine. Between must sugar content and leaf area, in Burgundy and Silvania variety has been established a significant positive linear correlation (r = 0.94 ***) and (r = 0.88 **; p <0.001) respectively, variables being virtually indistinguishable.
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Eccleston, Kimberley W., Ian G. Platt, E. C. Adrian Tan, and Ian M. Woodhead. "Wave Interaction with Grape Bunches on Vines." In 2018 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apcap.2018.8538038.
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Corbett-Davies, Sam, Tom Botterill, Richard Green, and Valerie Saxton. "An expert system for automatically pruning vines." In the 27th Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2425836.2425849.
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Cohen-Steiner, David, Herbert Edelsbrunner, and Dmitriy Morozov. "Vines and vineyards by updating persistence in linear time." In the twenty-second annual symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1137856.1137877.
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Kölbl, Christoph, Manu Diedrich, Elias Ellingen, Frank Duschek, Moustafa Selim, and Beate Berkelmann-Löhnertz. "Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in viticulture: An experimental study with Plasmopara viticola on potted vines under greenhouse conditions." In Applied Industrial Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ais.2023.jtu4a.7.
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Pathogenic fungi severely threaten the annual yield in viticulture. In our study we investigated leaves of potted vines and traced their development using our new remote detection system vinoLAS®, which is based on laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy.
Reports on the topic "Vines"
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Senum, S. The PPP Banyan Vines Control Protocol (BVCP). RFC Editor, March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1763.
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Mawassi, Munir, Adib Rowhani, Deborah A. Golino, Avichai Perl, and Edna Tanne. Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine, Etiology and Virus Resistance in Transgenic Vines. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586477.bard.
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Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, which occurs in all growing areas. The disease is spread in the field by vector transmission (mealybugs). At least five elongated-phloem- limited viruses are implicated in the various rugose wood disorders. The most fully characterized of these are Grapevine virus A (GV A) and GVB, members of a newly established genus, the vitivirus. GVC, a putative vitivirus, is much less well characterized than GV A or GVB. The information regarding the role of GVC in the etiology and epidemiology of rugose wood is fragmentary and no sequence data for GVC are available. The proposed research is aimed to study the etiology and epidemiology of rugose wood disease, and to construct genetically engineered virus-resistant grapevines. The objectives of our proposed research were to construct transgenic plants with coat protein gene sequences designed to induce post-transcriptional gene silencing (pTGS); to study the epidemiology and etiology of rugose wood disease by cloning and sequencing of GVC; and surveying of rugose wood- associated viruses in Californian and Israeli vineyards. In an attempt to experimentally define the role of the various genes of GV A, we utilized the infectious clone, inserted mutations in every ORF, and studied the effect on viral replication, gene expression, symptoms and viral movement. We explored the production of viral RNAs in a GV A-infected Nicotiana benthamiana herbaceous host, and characterized one nested set of three 5'-terminal sgRNAs of 5.1, 5.5 and 6.0 kb, and another, of three 3'-terminal sgRNAs of 2.2, 1.8 and 1.0 kb that could serve for expression of ORFs 2-3, respectively. Several GV A constructs have been assembled into pCAMBIA 230 I, a binary vector which is used for Angrobacterium mediated transformation: GV A CP gene; two copies of the GV A CP gene arranged in the same antisense orientation; two copies of the GV A CP gene in which the downstream copy is in an antigens orientation; GV A replicase gene; GV A replicase gene plus the 3' UTR sequence; and the full genome of GV A. Experiments for transformation of N. benthamiana and grapevine cell suspension with these constructs have been initiated. Transgenic N. benthamiana plants that contained the CP gene, the replicase gene and the entire genome of GV A were obtained. For grapevine transformation, we have developed efficient protocols for transformation and successfully grapevine plantlets that contained the CP gene and the replicase genes of GV A were obtained. These plants are still under examination for expression of the trans genes. The construction of transgenic plants with GV A sequences will provide, in the long run, a means to control one of the most prevalent viruses associated with grapevines. Our many attempts to produce a cDNA library from the genome of GVC failed. For surveying of rugose wood associated viruses in California vineyards, samples were collected from different grape growing areas and tested by RT-PCR for GV A, GVB and GVD. The results indicated that some of the samples were infected with multiple viruses, but overall, we found higher incidence of GVB and GV A infection in California vineyards and new introduction varieties, respectively. In this research we also conducted studies to increase our understanding of virus - induced rootstock decline and its importance in vineyard productivity. Our results provided supporting evidence that the rootstock response to virus infection depends on the rootstock genotype and the virus type. In general, rootstocks are differ widely in virus susceptibility. Our data indicated that a virus type or its combination with other viruses was responsible in virus-induced rootstock decline. As the results showed, the growth of the rootstocks were severely affected when the combination of more than one virus was present.
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Pavlovic, Noel, Barbara Plampin, Gayle Tonkovich, and David Hamilla. Special flora and vegetation of Indiana Dunes National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302417.
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The Indiana Dunes (comprised of 15 geographic units (see Figure 1) which include Indiana Dunes National Park, Dunes State Park, and adjacent Shirley Heinze Land Trust properties) are remarkable in the Midwest and Great Lakes region for the vascular plant diversity, with an astounding 1,212 native plant species in an area of approximately 16,000 acres! This high plant diversity is the result of the interactions among postglacial migrations, the variety of soil substrates, moisture conditions, topography, successional gradients, ?re regimes, proximity to Lake Michigan, and light levels. This richness is all the more signi?cant given the past human alterations of the landscape resulting from logging; conversion to agriculture; construction of transportation corridors, industrial sites, and residential communities; ?re suppression; land abandonment; and exotic species invasions. Despite these impacts, multiple natural areas supporting native vegetation persist. Thus, each of the 15 units of the Indiana Dunes presents up to eight subunits varying in human disturbance and consequently in ?oristic richness. Of the most signi?cant units of the park in terms of number of native species, Cowles Dunes and the Dunes State Park stand out from all the other units, with 786 and 686 native species, respectively. The next highest ranked units for numbers of native species include Keiser (630), Furnessville (574), Miller Woods (551), and Hoosier Prairie (542). The unit with lowest plant richness is Heron Rookery (220), with increasing richness in progression from Calumet Prairie (320), Hobart Prairie Grove (368), to Pinhook Bog (380). Signi?cant natural areas, retaining native vegetation composition and structure, include Cowles Bog (Cowles Dunes Unit), Howes Prairie (Cowles Dunes), Dunes Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Dunes Prairie Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Pinhook Bog, Furnessville Woods (Furnessville), Miller Woods, Inland Marsh, and Mnoke Prairie (Bailly). Wilhelm (1990) recorded a total of 1,131 native plant species for the ?ora of the Indiana Dunes. This was similar to the 1,132 species recorded by the National Park Service (2014) for the Indiana Dunes. Based on the nomenclature of Swink and Wilhelm (1994), Indiana Dunes National Park has 1,206 native plant species. If we include native varieties and hybrids, the total increases to 1,244 taxa. Based on the nomenclature used for this report?the Flora of North America (FNA 2022), and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS 2022)?Indiana Dunes National Park houses 1,206 native vascular plant species. As of this writing (2020), the Indiana Dunes is home to 37% of the species of conservation concern in Indiana (241 out of 624 Indiana-listed species): state extirpated = 10 species, state endangered = 75, and state threatened = 100. Thus, 4% of the state-listed species in the Indiana Dunes are extirpated, 31% endangered, and 41% threatened. Watch list and rare categories have been eliminated. Twenty-nine species once documented from the Indiana Dunes may be extirpated because they have not been seen since 2001. Eleven have not been seen since 1930 and 15 since 1978. If we exclude these species, then there would be a total of 1,183 species native to the Indiana Dunes. Many of these are cryptic in their life history or diminutive, and thus are di?cult to ?nd. Looking at the growth form of native plants, <1% (nine species) are clubmosses, 3% (37) are ferns, 8% (297) are grasses and sedges, 56% (682) are forbs or herbs, 1% (16) are herbaceous vines, <1% (7) are subshrubs (woody plants of herbaceous stature), 5% (60) are shrubs, 1% (11) are lianas (woody vines), and 8% (93) are trees. Of the 332 exotic species (species introduced from outside North America), 65% (219 species) are forbs such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), 15% (50 species) are graminoids such as phragmites (Phragmites australis ssp. australis), 2% (seven species) are vines such as ?eld bindweed (Convulvulus arvensis), <1% (two species) are subshrubs such as Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis), 8% (28 species) are shrubs such as Asian bush honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), 1% (three species) are lianas such as oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), and 8% (23 species) are trees such as tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissimus). Of the 85 adventive species, native species that have invaded from elsewhere in North America, 14% (11 species) are graminoids such as broom sedge (Andropogon virginicus), 57% (48 species) are forbs such as fall phlox (Phlox paniculata), 5% (six species) are shrubs such as Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus), 3% (two species) are subshrubs such as holly leaved barberry (Berberis repens), 1% (one species) is a liana (trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), 3% two species) are herbaceous vines such as tall morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), and 17% (15 species) are trees such as American holly (Ilex opaca). A total of 436 species were found to be ?special? based on political rankings (federal and state-listed threatened and endangered species), species with charismatic ?owers, and those that are locally rare.
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Gafny, Ron, A. L. N. Rao, and Edna Tanne. Etiology of the Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine and Molecular Study of the Associated Trichoviruses. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575269.bard.
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Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, characterized by modification of the woody cylinder of affected vines. The control of rugose wood is based on the production of healthy propagation material. Detection of rugose wood in grapevines is difficult and expensive: budwood from tested plants is grafted onto sensitive Vitis indicators and the appearance of symptoms is monitored for 3 years. The etiology of rugose wood is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Several elongated clostero-like viruses are consistently found in affected vines; one of them, grapevine virus A (GVA), is closely associated with Kober stem grooving, a component of the rugose wood complex. GVA has a single-stranded RNA genome of 7349 nucleotides, excluding a polyA tail at the 3' terminus. The GVA genome includes five open reading frames (ORFs 1-5). ORF 4, which encodes for the coat protein of GVA, is the only ORF for which the function was determined experimentally. The original objectives of this research were: 1- To produce antisera to the structural and non-structural proteins of GVA and GVB and to use these antibodies to establish an effective detection method. 2- Develop full length infectious cDNA clones of GVA and GVB. 3- Study the roll of GVA and GVB in the etiology of the grapevine rugose wood disease. 4- Determine the function of Trichovirus (now called Vitivirus) encoded genes in the virus life cycle. Each of the ORFs 2, 3, 4 and 5 genes of GVA were cloned and expressed in E. coli and used to produce antisera. Both the CP (ORF 4) and the putative MP (ORF 3) were detected with their corresponding antisera in-GVA infected N. benthamiana and grapevine. The MP was first detected at an early stage of the infection, 6-12 h after inoculation, and the CP 2-3 days after inoculation. The MP could be detected in GVA-infected grapevines that tested negative for CP, both with CP antiserum and with a commercially available ELISA kit. Antisera to ORF 2 and 5 encoded proteins could react with the recombinant proteins but failed to detect both proteins in GVA infected plants. A full-length cDNA clone of grapevine virus A (GVA) was constructed downstream from the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Capped in vitro transcribed RNA was infectious in N. benthamiana and N. clevelandii plants. Symptoms induced by the RNA transcripts or by the parental virus were indistinguishable. The infectivity of the in vitro-transcribed RNA was confirmed by serological detection of the virus coat and movement proteins and by observation of virions by electron microscopy. The full-length clone was modified to include a gus reporter gene and gus activity was detected in inoculated and systemic leaves of infected plants. Studies of GVA mutants suggests that the coat protein (ORF 4) is essential for cell to cell movement, the putative movement protein (ORF 3) indeed functions as a movement protein and that ORF 2 is not required for virus replication, cell to cell or systemic movement. Attempts to infect grapevines by in-vitro transcripts, by inoculation of cDNA construct in which the virus is derived by the CaMV 35S promoter or by approach grafting with infected N. benthamiana, have so far failed. Studies of the subcellular distribution of GFP fusion with each of ORF 2, 3 and 4 encoded protein showed that the CP fusion protein accumulated as a soluble cytoplasmatic protein. The ORF 2 fusion protein accumulated in cytoplasmatic aggregates. The MP-GFP fusion protein accumulated in a large number of small aggregates in the cytoplasm and could not move from cell to cell. However, in conditions that allowed movement of the fusion protein from cell to cell (expression by a PVX vector or in young immature leaves) the protein did not form cytoplasmatic aggregates but accumulated in the plasmodesmata.
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Solivan, Jennifer. Depictions of Virtues and Vices as Mnemonic Devices. Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/itma.2017.11.06.
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Tao, Yang, Victor Alchanatis, and Yud-Ren Chen. X-ray and stereo imaging method for sensitive detection of bone fragments and hazardous materials in de-boned poultry fillets. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695872.bard.
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As Americans become increasingly health conscious, they have increased their consumptionof boneless white and skinless poultry meat. To the poultry industry, accurate detection of bonefragments and other hazards in de-boned poultry meat is important to ensure food quality andsafety for consumers. X-ray imaging is widely used for internal material inspection. However,traditional x-ray technology has limited success with high false-detection errors mainly becauseof its inability to consistently recognize bone fragments in meat of uneven thickness. Today’srapid grow-out practices yield chicken bones that are less calcified. Bone fragments under x-rayshave low contrast from meat. In addition, the x-ray energy reaching the image detector varieswith the uneven meat thickness. Differences in x-ray absorption due to the unevenness inevitablyproduce false patterns in x-ray images and make it hard to distinguish between hazardousinclusions and normal meat patterns even by human visual inspection from the images.Consequently, the false patterns become camouflage under x-ray absorptions of variant meatthickness in physics, which remains a major limitation to detecting hazardous materials byprocessing x-ray images alone.Under the support of BARD, USDA, and US Poultry industries, we have aimed todeveloping a new technology that uses combined x-ray and laser imaging to detect bonefragments in de-boned poultry. The technique employs the synergism of sensors of differentprinciples and has overcome the deficiency of x-rays in physics of letting x-rays work alone inbone fragment detection. X-rays in conjunction of laser-based imaging was used to eliminatefalse patterns and provide higher sensitivity and accuracy to detect hazardous objects in the meatfor poultry processing lines.Through intensive research, we have met all the objectives we proposed during the researchperiod. Comprehensive experiments have proved the concept and demonstrated that the methodhas been capable of detecting frequent hard-to-detect bone fragments including fan bones andfractured rib and pulley bone pieces (but not cartilage yet) regardless of their locations anduneven meat thickness without being affected by skin, fat, and blood clots or blood vines.
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Loaiza-Maya, Rubén Albeiro, José Eduardo Gómez-González, and Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia. Latin american exchange rate dependencies : a regular vine copula approach. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.729.
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Tel-Zur, Neomi, and Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.
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1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.
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Lichter, Amnon, David Obenland, Nirit Bernstein, Jennifer Hashim, and Joseph Smilanick. The role of potassium in quality of grapes after harvest. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7597914.bard.
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Objectives: The objectives of the proposal were to study how potassium (K) enters the berry and in what tissues it accumulates, to determine what is the sensitive phenological stage that is responsive to K, to study the influence of K on sugar translocation, to determine if K has effects on expression of genes in source and sink organs and to study applied aspects of the responses to K at the vineyard level. During the research it was realized that K acts externally so a major part of the original objectives had to be deserted and new ones, i.e. the role of K in enhancing water loss from the berry, had to be developed. In addition, the US partners developed practical objectives of understanding the interaction of K application and water deficit as well as application of growth regulators. Background: In our preliminary data we showed that application of K at mid-ripening enhanced sugar accumulation of table grapes. This finding is of major implications to both early and late harvested grapes and it was essential to understand the mode of action of this treatment. Our major hypothesis was that K enters the berry and by that increases sugar translocation into the berry. In addition it was important to cover practical issues of the application which may influence its efficacy and its reproducibility. Conclusions: The major conclusion from the research was that our initial hypothesis was wrong. Mineral analysis of pulp tissue indicated that upon application of K there was a significant increase in most of the major minerals. Subsequently, we developed a new hypothesis that K acts by increasing the water loss from the berry. In vitro studies of K-treated berries corroborated this hypothesis showing greater weight-loss of treated berries. This was not necessarily expressed in the vineyard as in some experiments berry weight remained unchanged, suggesting that the vine compensated for the enhanced water loss. Importantly, we also discovered that the efficacy of different K salts was strongly correlated to the pH of the salt solution: basic K salts had better efficacy than neutral or acidic salts and modifying the pH of the same salt changed its efficacy. It was therefore suggested that K changes the properties of the cuticle making it more susceptible to water loss. Of the practical aspects it was found that application of K to the clusters was sufficient to trigger its affect and that dual application of K had a stronger effect than single application. With regard to timing, it was realized that application of K after veraison was affective and the berries responded also when ripe. While the effect of K application was significant at harvest, it was mostly insignificant one week after application, suggesting that prolonged exposure to K was required. Implications: The scientific implications of the study are that the external mineral composition of the berry may have a significant role in sugar accumulation and that water loss may have an important role in sugar accumulation in grapes. It is not entirely clear how K modulates the cuticle but according to the literature its incorporation into the cuticle may increase its polarity and facilitate generation of "water bridges" between the flesh and the environment. The practical implications of this study are very significant because realizing the mode of action of K can facilitate a much more efficient application strategy. For example, it can be understood that sprays must be directed to the clusters rather than the whole vines and it can be predicted that the length of exposure is important. Also, by increasing the pH of simple K salts, the efficacy of the treatment can be enhanced, saving in the costs of the treatment. Finally, the ability of grape growers to apply K in a safe and knowledgeable way can have significant impact on the length of the season of early grape cultivars and improve the flavor of high grape yields which may otherwise have compromised sugar levels.
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Salisbury, J. B., A. M. Herbst, and Katreen Wikstrom Jones. Photogrammetric digital surface models and orthoimagery of Vine Road, December 5th, 2018. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30283.
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