Academic literature on the topic 'Vine stress'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vine stress"
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A. A., Lo’ay, Dina A. Ghazi, Nadi Awad Al-Harbi, Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani, Sabry Hassan, and Mohamed A. Abdein. "Growth, Yield, and Bunch Quality of “Superior Seedless” Vines Grown on Different Rootstocks Change in Response to Salt Stress." Plants 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102215.
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The growth and quality of vines are negatively affected by soil salinity if enough salts accumulate in the root zone. As part of the current study, we estimated the remediating effects of rootstocks under salinity. For this reason, “superior seedless” vines were grafted onto three different rootstocks, such as SO4, 1103 Paulson, and own-root (“superior seedless” with their own-root). The experiment was conducted in the 2019 and 2020 seasons. This study examines the effects of different rootstocks on vine growth, yield, and quality using “superior seedless” vines grown in sandy soil with salinity. Four stages of berry development were examined (flowering, fruit set, veraison, and harvest time). At harvest, yield characteristics (clusters per vine and cluster weight) were also assessed. Each parameter of the growth season was influenced separately. The K+ and Na+ ratios were also significantly increased, as were the salinity symptoms index and bunch yield per vine and quality. Rootstock 1103 Paulson improved photosynthetic pigments, K+ accumulation, Na+ uptake, and cell membrane damage in “superior seedless” vines compared to other rootstocks, according to the study results. As determined in the arid regions of northwestern Egypt, the 1103 Paulson can mitigate salinity issues when planting “superior seedless” vines on sandy soil.
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Schreiner, R. Paul. "Foliar Sprays Containing Phosphorus (P) Have Minimal Impact on ‘Pinot noir’ Growth and P Status, Mycorrhizal Colonization, and Fruit Quality." HortScience 45, no. 5 (May 2010): 815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.5.815.
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Grapevines grown in low-phosphorus (P) soils typical of western Oregon vineyards may benefit from additional P applied to the canopy using foliar sprays. Alternatively, vines may be negatively affected by foliar P sprays because lower root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could reduce uptake of other nutrients or increase vine water stress. The impact of foliar P sprays on vine growth, vine nutrient and water status, AMF colonization, and fruit yield and quality was studied in two ‘Pinot noir’ vineyards with a history of low vine P status over 3 years. Three foliar spray treatments [phosphite, phosphate, water (control)] were applied to vines three times each season using a standard air-blast sprayer at a commercial vineyard. Two foliar spray treatments (phosphite, water) were applied using a hand sprayer at a smaller research vineyard. Phosphite sprays increased leaf blade and petiole P concentrations and reduced arbuscular colonization of roots at the research vineyard, but neither phosphate nor phosphite significantly affected these variables at the commercial vineyard. Foliar P sprays had no effect on vine growth, vine water relations (leaf water potential and stomatal conductance), yield, or fruit quality attributes at either site. These results indicate that there is little benefit to spraying the canopy of grapevines with P, even in vineyards with low P status.
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Mundy, D. C., and M. A. Manning. "Physiological response of grapevines to vascular pathogens a review." New Zealand Plant Protection 64 (January 8, 2011): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2011.64.5974.
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The successful infection of a grapevine vascular system by a plant pathogen and expression of disease symptoms occur only when the pathogen has overcome the wound response and other defences of the vine Even when pathogens do successfully infect the vascular system of grapevines symptom expression is not often observed in the first season Symptoms may be observed in one year but the same vine can have reduced or no symptoms the following season Information is presented on physiological stress in association with trunk diseases as one factor that may contribute to symptom expression in vines A hypothesis of grapevine wound response is proposed as part of the discussion of vine physiological response Information on individual trunk diseases and physiological interactions is also provided
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Gowdy, Mark, Bruno Suter, Philippe Pieri, Elisa Marguerit, Agnès Destrac Irvine, Gregory Gambetta, and Cornelis Van Leeuwen. "Variety-specific response of bulk stomatal conductance of grapevine canopies to changes in net radiation, atmospheric demand, and drought stress." OENO One 56, no. 2 (June 24, 2022): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.2.5435.
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In wine growing regions around the world, climate change has the potential to affect vine transpiration and overall vineyard water use due to related changes in daily atmospheric conditions and soil water deficits. Grapevines control their transpiration in response to such changes by regulating conductance of water through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. The response of bulk stomatal conductance, the vine canopy equivalent of stomatal conductance, to such changes were studied on Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot, Tempranillo, Ugni blanc, and Semillon vines in a non-irrigated vineyard in Bordeaux France. Whole-vine sap flow, temperature and humidity in the vine canopy, and net radiation absorbed by the vine canopy were measured on 15-minute intervals from early July through mid-September 2020, together with periodic measurements of leaf area, canopy porosity, and predawn leaf water potential. From these data, bulk stomatal conductance was calculated on 15-minute intervals, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify key variables and their relative effect on conductance. For the regression analysis, attention was focused on addressing non-linearity and collinearity in the explanatory variables and developing a model that was readily interpretable.Variability of vapour pressure deficit in the vine canopy over the day and predawn water potential over the season explained much of the variability in bulk stomatal conductance overall, with relative differences between varieties appearing to be driven in large part by differences in conductance response to predawn water potential between the varieties. Transpiration simulations based on the regression equations found similar differences between varieties in terms of daily and seasonal transpiration. These simulations also compared well with those from an accepted vineyard water balance model, although there appeared to be differences between the two approaches in the rate at which conductance, and hence transpiration is reduced as a function of decreasing soil water content (i.e., increasing water deficit stress). By better characterizing the response of bulk stomatal conductance, the dynamics of vine transpiration can be better parameterized in vineyard water use modeling of current and future climate scenarios.
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Pagay, Vinay, and Catherine M. Kidman. "Evaluating Remotely-Sensed Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Water Stress Responses Across a Viticultural Region." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (October 25, 2019): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110682.
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The evolving spatial and temporal knowledge about vineyard performance through the use of remote sensing offers new perspectives for vine water status studies. This paper describes the application of aerial thermal imaging to evaluate vine water status to improve irrigation scheduling decisions, water use efficiency, and overall winegrape quality in the Coonawarra viticultural region of South Australia. Airborne infrared images were acquired during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in the region of Coonawarra, South Australia. Several thermal indices of crop water status (CWSI, Ig, (Tc-Ta)) were calculated that correlated with conventional soil and vine water status measures (Ψpd, Ψs, gs). CWSI and Ig could discriminate between the two cultivars used in this study, Cabernet Sauvignon (CAS) and Shiraz (SHI), as did the conventional water stress measures. The relationship between conventional vine water status measures appeared stronger with CWSI in the warmer and drier season (2016) compared to the cooler and wetter season (2017), where Ig and (Tc-Ta) showed stronger correlations. The study identified CWSI, Ig and (Tc-Ta) to be reliable indicators of vine water status under a variety of environmental conditions. This is the first study to report on high resolution vine water status at a regional scale in Australia using a combination of remote and direct sensing methods. This methodology is promising for aerial surveillance of vine water status across multiple blocks and cultivars to inform irrigation scheduling.
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Deloire, Alain, Alain Carbonneau, Zenphing Wang, and Hernán Ojeda. "Vine and water: a short review." OENO One 38, no. 1 (March 31, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2004.38.1.932.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Water is an important factor in the terroirs of grape-growing regions. The vine obtains water from rainfall and the water table and when it is in short supply, it is necessary either to irrigate or accept the effects of water stress. Depending on the intensity of the water stress and the period at which it occurs, it may or not be favourable for the harvest and the wine it is used to produce. The objective of this article is to provide some information on the relationship that exists between the vine and water. The climate and the soil, which are essential but not the sole elements of this relationship will only be touched upon, but we will discuss in a non exhaustive way, with information’s from the bibliography or from our research, the following aspects: the root system, vegetative growth, the relationship between plant architecture and the water status of the vine, the carbon balance and the biochemical composition of the grape berry in relation to vine water status. We will also present the currently available techniques for measuring vine water status and its evolution during the vegetative cycle as a function of water reserves in the soil easy to use by the roots. Finally examples are presented of possible recommendations for vine cultural practices as a function of the vine water status evolution during the growth, according to the predawn leaf water potential thresholds.</p>
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Ordoñez, C., J. Martínez, J. F. de Cos, and F. Sánchez. "Determining vine leaf water stress by functional data analysis." International Journal of Computer Mathematics 88, no. 9 (June 2011): 1941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207160.2010.496482.
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Mikóczy, N. "Effect of drought damage in vine varieties." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 56, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.56.2008.3.9.
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Drought stress caused substantial damage to the certified vineyard examined in Szomód, Hungary, in 2004. The varieties included in the experiment were Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Királyleányka, Pinot Noir and Kékfrankos. Drought caused the greatest deterioration in yield quantity and quality in the varieties Kékfrankos and Királyleányka. The yield was 66% lower and the quality 3 MM° (Hungarian must degrees) lower than that recorded on the control area, which was less severely affected by the drought. In the case of Pinot Noir the soil water-holding capacity (WHC%) was below the critical 15% value, again leading to a decline in yield quantity and sugar concentration, though the difference compared with the control was not as great as for the two former varieties. Although the yield of Chardonnay decreased slightly, the quality improved. This could probably be attributed to the similarly low soil WHC% in the control and drought-struck areas.All in all it could be concluded that all the vine varieties exhibited stress symptoms at a soil WHC of below 30%. The varieties could be divided into three groups on the basis of stress sensitivity, with Királyeányka and Kékfrankos in the most susceptible group, Chardonnay in the moderately susceptible group, and Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc intermediate between the two.
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Ngugi, Penina, Peter Masinde, and Eric Mworia. "Growth, yield and quality of selected sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [l.] Lam.), lines under varying soil moisture conditions." African Journal of Science, Technology and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.58506/ajstss.v1i2.116.
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Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] has increasing potential as a food security crop in Kenya. However, its’ production is relatively low compared to its potential production which is attributed to drought conditions alongside use of local landrace cultivars that are quite low yielding. A study was conducted at Meru University of Science and Technology in Kenya in 2020-2021 to assess the performance of selected improved sweet potato lines under varied watering regimes. Two selected sweet potato varieties were used; CIP 106988.1 (Naspot13) and CIP 112286.1(Margarette), and a farmer-preferred variety Kemb-10. The varieties were subjected to three watering regimes (i) Severe stress (SS), 4 WAE (ii) Moderate Stress (MS), 9 WAE and (iii) well watered to maturity. A randomized complete block design in a split plot, with water treatment as the main plot and varieties as subplot with 3 replicates was used. There was no significant interaction between moisture treatments and varieties. Water treatments significantly (p≤0.05) affected vine length, number of leaves and tuber yield. Plants under severe stress had significantly lower vine length, branches and leaves. Under Moderate stress 9 WAE, plants experienced significant reduction in vine length, leaves and branches compared to the well watered. However, this reduction was less compared to severe stress. The reduced vine length and tuber yield is attributed to reduced cell division, elongation and assimilates partitioning. Tuber numbers correlated with leaves (r = 0.63*, 0.74*), and vine length (r = 0.62*, 0.76*). This positive correlation implies that if drought significantly reduces number of leaves and vine length, it reduces tuber yield indicating effect of drought on tuber yield can be estimated by measuring tuber length and number of leaves. Based on findings, ensuring the crop obtains enough moisture during the first nine weeks after planting is recommendable whereas Naspot13 is suitable for the area considering its higher productivity.
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GOMES, F., and M. K. V. CARR. "EFFECTS OF WATER AVAILABILITY AND VINE HARVESTING FREQUENCY ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SWEET POTATO IN SOUTHERN MOZAMBIQUE. III. CROP YIELD/WATER-USE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS." Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 4 (September 29, 2003): 409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479703001406.
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In Mozambique the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is grown as both a leafy vegetable, the terminal shoots or vines being progressively harvested during the season, and as a root crop. This paper reports the development of crop yield/water-use production functions using data from two irrigation experiments designed to evaluate the effects of water availability and vine harvesting practices on the productivity and water use (ETc) of sweet potato (cv. TIS 2534) during two contrasting seasons in the south of the country. As the frequency of vine harvesting increased, the water-use efficiency (WUE-ETc) for vine production (dry mass) increased from 1–2 to 4–5 kg ha−1 mm−1 during the rainy season, and from 1 to 9 kg ha−1 mm−1 during the dry season. By contrast, there was a corresponding reduction in the WUE-ETc for storage root production from 14 to 8–9 kg ha−1 mm−1 during the rainy season, and from 23 to 15–17 kg ha−1 mm−1 during the dry season. For the total yields (vines plus storage roots) the WUE-ETc during both seasons were independent of the vine harvesting treatment. Separate lines represented each season, the slopes of which were 13 kg ha−1 mm−1 in the rains, and 24 kg ha−1 mm−1 in the dry season. When, however, crop water-use was normalised using either the seasonal mean daily total of incoming solar radiation, or reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), but not the saturation deficit of the air, a single common, linear relationship with yield resulted. Possible explanations for this are considered. Plotting relative yields against relative rates of water-use, also gave consistent results that could have general application for predicting the effects of water availability on productivity. Vine yields, when harvested frequently, were less sensitive to drought (yield response factor, Ky=0.7–0.9) than storage roots (Ky=1.2). For total production (vines plus roots), the sensitivity to water stress (Ky) increased, from 0.9–1.0 to 1.2, as the interval between vine harvests increased. Farmers in southern Mozambique trying to maximize total yield during the season, under conditions of water uncertainty, should harvest vines at intervals of not more than 14 days.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vine stress"
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Hill, Brycen Thomas. "Root restriction, under-trellis cover cropping, and rootstock modify vine size and berry composition of Cabernet Sauvignon." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75223.
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Vineyards in the Mid-Atlantic often have large, vigorous vines that can be costly to manage and produce inadequate fruit for wine production. Dense canopies increase the incidence of fungal disease, require greater allocation of resources to manage, and inhibit fruit development. The primary objective of these studies was to determine effective vine-size modification treatments that would optimize fruit quality, while reducing labor and chemical control. Research factors included root manipulation, under-trellis ground cover, and rootstock. Treatment levels were root bag (RBG) or no root manipulation (NRM); under-trellis cover crop (CC) or herbicide strip (HERB); and one of three rootstocks: 101-14, Riparia Gloire, or 420-A. Effects of these treatments were measured in two experiments: Experiment I compared combinations of all three treatments, while Experiment II explored the individual effects of root restriction using root bags of varying volumes. Root restriction consistently demonstrated the ability to reduce vegetative growth and vine water status. In the first experiment fruit-zone photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was increased by 234% in RBG vines. Timed canopy management tasks indicated that RBG canopies required about half the labor time of NRM canopies. Anthocyanin concentration and total phenolic content were increased by 20% and 19% respectively in RBG fruit. CC increased fruit-zone PPFD by 62%, and increased soluble solids and color compounds. The 420-A rootstock reduced potassium uptake, resulting in lower must potassium concentration. Results demonstrated that these treatments significantly reduce vegetative growth in a humid climate, decrease management labor, and produce higher quality fruit.Master of Science
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Chittajallu, Dilip R. ""How good is the street?" a characteristic-based evaluation of Vine, Walnut, and Main streets, Cincinnati, Ohio /." [Cincinnati, Ohio] : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1093027197.
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Romain, Cindy. "Effets et recherche de mécanismes d'action d'un extrait de sarments de vigne et de vins rouges riches en resvératrol et ses oligomères : Quel rôle dans la prévention des maladies cardio-vasculaires ?" Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20199/document.
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Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) sont en augmentation au niveau mondial et sont désormais un problème de santé publique coûteux. La suralimentation et le manque d'activité physique sont des facteurs clé dans le développement pathologique. Ces dernières années, les études sur la pathogenèse des MCV ont mis en évidence de nombreux facteurs contribuant au développement de ces pathologies complexes, notamment le surpoids, l'obésité centrale, le stress oxydant, l'inflammation vasculaire et systémique, la résistance à l'insuline ou encore la dysfonction endothéliale. La prévention de ces désordres est donc la cible des stratégies pharmaceutiques et diététiques et les polyphénols ont d'ores et déjà démontré des effets bénéfiques et préventifs. Parmi les 8000 composés phénoliques décrits à ce jour, le resvératrol a émergé en tant que candidat robuste dans la prévention des pathologies liées à la nutrition. L'objectif de ce travail a été d'étudier les potentialités d'action d'un extrait de sarment de vigne (Vineatrol®) et de vins rouges riches en resvératrol et ses oligomères, sur un modèle animal d'athérosclérose nutritionnellement induite. La première partie de cette étude a consisté à mettre au point un régime alimentaire déclenchant au mieux l'athérosclérose précoce chez le hamster Syrien doré. A partir de ce modèle, un effet préventif du Vineatrol® a été mis en évidence : le Vineatrol® induit une diminution des dépôts lipidiques aortiques mais améliore également le statut oxydatif et inflammatoire des animaux. Dans une troisième partie, des vins rouges enrichis en Vineatrol® ont démontré des effets préventifs sur certains facteurs de risque de la pathologie athéromateuse et sur les désordres liés à la consommation d'un régime gras. Des mécanismes d'action possibles, expliquant les effets bénéfiques de ces vins, ont été envisagés et recherchés. Ces mécanismes pourraient impliquer une modulation de la voie du NF-κB et/ou de SIRT1. Le degré d'importance de ces différentes voies devra être confirméCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasing globally and are now an expensive public health problem. Overnutrition and lack of physical activity are key factors in the disease development. In recent years, studies on the pathogenesis of CVD showed many factors contributing to the development of these complex diseases including overweight, centralobesity, oxidative stress, vascular and systemic inflammation, insulin ressitance or endothelial dysfunction. Prevention of these disorders is the focus of pharmaceutical and dietarystrategies and polyphenols have already demonstrated beneficial and preventive effects. Among the 8000 phenolic compounds described to date, resveratrol has emerged as a strong candidate for the prevention of nutrition-related diseases.The objective of this work was to study the potential action of vine shoot extract (Vineatrol®) and red wines rich in resveratrol and its oligomers, in an animal model of nutritionallyinduced atherosclerosis.The first part of this study was to develop a diet triggering the best early atherosclerosis in theSyrian golden hamster. From this model, a preventive effect of Vineatrol® was highlighted: Vineatrol® induces adecrease in aortic lipid deposition but also improves the oxidative and inflammatory status of the animals. In the third part , Vineatrol®-enriched red wines showed preventive effects on risk factors foratherosclerotic disease and disorders related to the consumption of a high-fat diet. Possible mechanisms of action, explaining the beneficial effects of these wines have been consideredand sough. These mechanisms could involve modulation of the NF-κB and/or SIRT1pathways. The degree of importance of these different pathways will have to be confirmed
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Bortolami, Giovanni. "Impact des agents pathogènes sur le bilan hydrique et carboné de la vigne : conséquences pour le dépérissement de la vigne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0114.
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Au cours de leur vie les plantes pérennes sont confrontées à plusieurs stress en interaction qui les entrainent dans un processus de dépérissement. Ces interactions, et leurs changements par rapport aux conditions climatiques et à l’état physiologique de la plante, sont fondamentales pour la compréhension du processus de dépérissement. Malgré l’augmentation des évènements de dépérissement à l’échelle mondiale, les connaissances sur ces mécanismes restent limitées, étant données les difficultés techniques rencontrées dans l’étude des interactions complexes. Dans cette thèse nous avons étudié l’interaction entre deux stress fréquemment vécus par la vigne : la sècheresse et une maladie vasculaire, le mal d’esca. L’esca est une maladie qui soulève plusieurs hypothèses sur sa pathogénèse. Une des principales hypothèses est que les symptômes foliaires et la mort de ceps de vigne soient causés par un dysfonctionnement hydraulique dans les vaisseaux du xylème. Pour cette raison, la sècheresse pourrait contribuer en synergie avec l’esca au dépérissement de la vigne. Compte tenu de ce contexte, nous avons tout d’abord exploré l’hypothèse de dysfonctionnement hydraulique pendant la pathogenèse de l’esca. Nous avons mis en évidence que pendant l’expression des symptômes foliaires plusieurs organes sont atteints par un dysfonctionnement hydraulique qui cause en moyenne une perte de conductivité hydraulique de 69% sur les nervures centrales des feuilles, 55% sur les pétioles et 30% sur les tiges. Contrairement à l’embolie gazeuse classiquement observée pendant la sècheresse, le dysfonctionnement hydraulique pendant l’esca est causé par la présence d’occlusions vasculaires (thylloses et gels) produites par la plante. Après cette découverte, nous avons exploré l’interaction entre l’esca et la sècheresse, en imposant une contrainte hydrique aux plantes naturellement infectées. Nous avons découvert que la sécheresse inhibait complètement l’expression des symptômes d’esca, étant donné qu’aucune plante en stress hydrique (à ΨPD ≈ -1MPa pour trois mois) n’a montré de symptômes foliaires pendant deux saisons consécutives. Nous avons également étudié les relations hydriques et carbonées, à l’échelle de la plante entière au cours de ces expérimentations. Nos résultats soulignent un fonctionnement physiologique distinct lorsque la vigne est soumise à une sécheresse ou exprime des symptômes d’esca. L’esca (et la baisse de la conductance stomatique associée) n’est pas causé par une chute de potentiel hydrique, et génère des dynamiques saisonnières différentes de la sécheresse au regard des échanges gazeux et des teneurs en carbohydrates non-structuraux. Cette thèse souligne l’importance d’identifier les seuils physiologiques sous-jacents aux différentes interactions entre facteurs pendant le processus de dépérissement des plantes. Dans l’ensemble, ces résultats ouvrent des nouvelles perspectives scientifiques et agronomiques pour les interactions plante-pathogène-environnement et pour la durabilité des vignoblesPerennial plant dieback is an increasing and complex phenomenon. Perennial plants experience many interacting stressing events leading to final plant mortality. These interactions, and how they may change regarding climatic conditions and plant physiological status, are key in understanding the dieback process. Although dieback events are increasing worldwide, the knowledge on the dieback mechanisms are scarce, given the many technical challenges in studying complex interactions. In this thesis, we studied the interaction between two stresses frequently experienced by grapevines, one of the most important perennial crops: drought and esca (a vascular disease). Esca is a disease in which there are many competing hypotheses regarding its pathogenesis. One of the main hypothesis is that leaf symptoms and plant death are caused by hydraulic failure in xylem vessels. For this reason, drought is thought to contribute synergistically with esca to grapevine dieback. In this context, this thesis has primarily explored the hydraulic failure hypothesis during esca pathogenesis. We found that during leaf symptom expression both leaves and stems suffer from hydraulic failure causing (on average) 69% loss of hydraulic conductance in midribs, 55% in petioles, and 30% in stems. Differing from classical air embolism during drought, we observed that hydraulic failure during esca was caused by the presence of plant-derived vascular occlusions (i.e. tyloses and gels) produced at a distance from the pathogen niche in the trunk. After this discovering, we explored the interaction between esca and drought, subjecting naturally infected plants to drought. We found that drought totally inhibits esca leaf symptoms, as none of the plants under water deficit (at ΨPD ≈ -1MPa for three months) expressed leaf symptoms in two consecutive seasons. At the same time, in order to understand the interaction between esca and drought, we recorded the whole-plant water relations and carbon economy of grapevine under both stresses. We highlight the distinct physiology behind these two stresses, indicating that esca and drought present different underlying mechanisms, and induce different plant responses and physiological consequences. Esca (and subsequent stomatal conductance decline) does not result from decreases in water potential, and generates different gas exchange and non-structural carbohydrate seasonal dynamics compared to drought. Finally, we observed that esca affected the recorded plant physiology only seasonally, and not over the long-term. This thesis highlights the importance in finding the physiological thresholds triggering the different interactions during plant dieback. Together, the results open new scientific and agronomical perspectives on plant-pathogen-environment interactions and vineyard sustainability
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Moisy, Cédric. "Analyse structurale et transcriptionnelle des rétrotransposons du génome de la vigne, Vitis vinifera L." Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13038.
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Chittajallu, Dilip Roy. "“How Good Is the Street?” a Characteristic-Based Evaluation of Vine, Walnut, and Main Streets, Cincinnati, Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1093027197.
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Jobin, Michel-Philippe. "Approches physiologique et moléculaire de la réponse au stress chez Oenococcus Oeni - identification de marqueurs spécifiques utilisables dans l'étude de la préparation des levains malolactiques pour l'ensemencement direct des vins." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS018.
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La fermentation malolactique (FML) est une étape clef qui détermine les caractéristiques organoleptiques et la stabilité microbiologique d'un vin. Oenococcus oeni, la bactérie lactique qui réalise la FML, est capable de s'adapter aux conditions de croissance défavorables du milieu vin (milieu pauvre en nutriments, PH acide, presence d'éthanol et de sulfite), et constitue ainsi un bon modèle d'étude de la réponse à de multiples stress chez les bactéries lactiques. La première partie de ce travail porte sur l'étude de Lo18, une protéine de stress chez O. Oeni. Cette protéine de 18 kDa est majoritairement exprimée en réponse aux stress (température, PH acide, présence d'éthanol et de sulfite, phase stationnaire). La purification de Lo18 par 2D-PAGE a permis d'obtenir des anticorps polyclonaux. Le gène hsp18 codant pour la synthèse de lo18 a été clone et son étude moléculaire réalisée. Les informations obtenues sur la small Hsp Lo18 de O. Oeni ont été comparées aux données concernant les Hsp du même type chez les bactéries lactiques. Il a enfin été mis en évidence que les mécanismes d'homéostasie du PH et la synthèse des Hsp peuvent être impliqués dans la tolérance au sulfite chez O. Oeni. La seconde partie a consisté en l'étude moléculaire de gènes codant pour des protéines de natures variées, impliquées dans la réponse au stress. Les protéines abordées sont les chaperonnes universelles DnaK et DnaJ ; la thiorédoxine, une protéine impliquée dans de nombreux mécanismes cellulaires et CLpX, à la fois une chaperonne mais aussi une sous-unité ATPase régulatrice de la protéase CLpP chez E. Coli. Ces études ont mis en évidence la complexité des mécanismes d'induction de la réponse au stress chez O. Oeni. On peut désormais distinguer plusieurs modes de régulation de l'expression des gènes de stress chez O. Oeni (comme c'est le cas chez B. Subtilis) : Hsp18 pourrait être régulé selon des mécanismes similaires à ceux de la classe III de B. Subtilis. La regulation de CLpX pourrait correspondre à une activation transcriptionnelle et/ou à un contrôle post-transcriptionnel. Les mécanismes de régulation de trxA (le gène de la thiorédoxine) sont encore inconnus.
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Hatmi, Saloua. "Impact du déficit hydrique sur les réponses de défense et la sensibilité de la vigne à Botrytis cinerea : rôle de la dégradation des polyamines." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS035.
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La vigne est sujette à de nombreuses contraintes biotiques et abiotiques face auxquelles elle devra optimiser ses stratégies de défense, en favorisant parfois des interconnections entre les réponses adaptatives au stress abiotique et la gestion de la réponse immune face à un pathogène. Dans cette étude nous avons évalué l'effet du stress hydrique (par privation d'eau) sur différentes réactions adaptatives au stress, mais aussi sur des réponses de défense et sur la sensibilité des feuilles et des baies de la vigne à Botrytis cinerea. Ces réactions ont été suivies en utilisant des boutures végétatives de deux cépages : cv. Meski (MSK), tolérant à la sécheresse et cv. Chardonnay (CHR), sensible. La relation entre les réponses au stress hydrique et la réponse immune a également été recherchée au moyen de feuilles de vitroplants et de baies isolées de Chardonnay exposées à des osmotica : le polyéthylène glycol (PEG) et une forte concentration en saccahrose (SUC). Les résultats montrent que le stress hydrique/osmotique conduit à des modifications physiologiques et biochimiques importantes dans les feuilles et les baies mûres de vigne. L'amélioration de la tolérance chez MSK est associée à une faible inhibition de l'activité photosynthétique, une altération du profil des acides aminés et un catabolisme actif des polyamines (PAs) comparé au CHR. Ces résultats suggèrent un rôle potentiel des déviations métaboliques observées dans les processus de tolérance de la vigne au stress osmotique. La tolérance du MSK au déficit hydrique est également corrélée à une forte induction des réponses de défense accumulation de resvératrol et e-viniférine, expression de certains gènes de défense dont STS, Gluc (PR-2), Chit-4c (PR-3) et PR-5 dans les feuilles, ainsi qu'à une faible sensibilité à B. cinerea.Ces résultats suggèrent un lien étroit entre la tolérance au déficit hydrique et la capacité de la vigne à exprimer davantage ses mécanismes de défense et à résister mieux à B. cinerea. Des expériences pharmacologiques ont montré qu'en situation de stress hydrique/osmotique, le catabolisme des PAs, via des diamine- et PA-oxydases, est impliqué dans la régulation de l'homéostasie des PAs et de l'expression des réactions de défense. L'application du stress osmotique avant l'infection des feuilles par B. cinerea potentialise l'accumulation des PAs en réduisant fortement leur dégradation. Ces effets sont corrélés à une réduction de l'amplitude des réponses de défense après infection, et à une sensibilité accrue à B. cinerea. Ces résultats rendent compte (1) de l'importance des stress abiotiques dans la régulation de la réponse immune chez la vigne et sa résistance à B. cinerea et (2) du fait que le niveau des réponses de défense osmo-induites et la résistance au pathogène sont tributaires, au moins en partie, de certains mécanismes adaptatifs au stress, comme c'est le cas ici des voies de dégradation des polyaminesGrapevine is often exposed to both biotic and abiotic stresses, and it will optimize defense strategies by favoing sometimes the cross-talk between adaptive responses to abiotic stress and immune response against pathogen challenge. In this study we evaluated the effect of water stress (by withholding water) on different adaptive responses, and also on defense responses and sensitivity of grapevine leaves or berries to Botrytis cinerea. These reactions were monitored using vegetative cuttings of two varieties: Meski (MSK) a drought tolerant cultivar and Chardonnay (CHR) as a sensitive one. The relationship between the responses to water stress and the immune response was also assessed using detached leaves from vitroplantlets and detached ripe berries from Chardonnay exposed to osmotic agents: polyethlene glycole (PEG) and a high concentration of sucrose (SUC). The results show that water/osmotic stress leads to significant physiological and biochemical changes in grapevine leaves and ripe berries. The improved tolerance of MSK to drought is associated with a weak inhibition of photosynthetic activity, altered amino acid profile and an activation of polyamine (PA) catabolism, compared to the sensitive plant CHR. These results suggest a potential role of metabolic deviations observed in the process of osmotic stress olerance. MSK tolerance to water deficit is also correlated with a strong induction of defense responses, such as accumulation of resveratrol and e-viniferin, enhanced expression of defense-related genes, including STS , Gluc (PR-2), Chit-4c (PR-3) and PR-5, and a low susceptibility of leaves to B. cinerea. These results suggest a close connection between water stress tolerance and the ability of grapevine to express more their defense mechanisms and then to resist better to the pathogen B. cinerea. Pharmacological experiments showed that experiencing water/osmotic stress, PA oxidation through diamine- and PA-oxidases is involved in the regulation of PA homeostasis and the expression of defense reactions in both leaves and berries. The application of osmotic stress before leaf infection by B. cinerea potentiates PA accumulation probably by reducing PA degradation. These effects are correlated with a reduction of defense responses after B. cinerea infection, as well as to an increased susceptibility to B. cinerea.These results highlight (1) the importance of abiotic stress in regulating the immune response in grapevine plants and resistance to B. cinerea and (2) that the level of defense responses induced by osmotic and the resistance of grapevine to the pathogen are dependent, at least in part, on some adaptive mechanisms to stress, as it is the case here for polyamine degradation pathways
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Petit, Anne-Noëlle. "Effets de fongicides anti-Botrytis sur les organes végétatifs et reproducteurs de la vigne." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000827.pdf.
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Au vignoble, l’utilisation de fongicides est indispensable pour lutter contre la pourriture grise, causée par le pathogène Botrytis cinerea. L’application de fongicides anti-Botrytis est recommandée à trois stades de développement de la vigne : fin floraison (stade A), fermeture de la grappe (stade B) et début véraison (stade C). Parmi ces fongicides, le fludioxonil et le fenhexamid, qui appartiennent à des familles chimiques différentes, sont couramment utilisés. Dans un objectif de limitation d’emploi des pesticides, il est nécessaire de mieux connaître les effets de ces produits sur la physiologie de la plante. L’impact de ces fongicides anti-Botrytis a donc été évalué à la fois sur les organes végétatifs et reproducteurs de la vigne. En effet, les organes végétatifs, par leur activité photosynthétique, assurent la nutrition nécessaire à la croissance de la plante. Concernant les organes reproducteurs, leur développement va déterminer le rendement. La photosynthèse a donc été utilisée comme paramètre physiologique afin d’étudier le stress provoqué par les fongicides sur les organes végétatifs. Les réponses de défense ont également été évaluées puisque le stress chimique, généré par les traitements anti-Botrytis, pourrait activer ces réponses. Concernant les effets des fongicides sur les organes reproducteurs, des facteurs pouvant influencer leur efficacité ont été évalués : (i) le stade de traitement, (ii) le mode d’action du fongicide, (iii) la pression de sélection exercée par les fongicides sur le pathogène et enfin (iv) les réponses de défense de la vigneIn the vineyard, the use of fungicides is necessary to control grey mould caused by the phytopathogenic Botrytis cinerea. Three applications of botryticides are recommended: at the end of flowering (stage A), at bunch closure (stage B), and at the beginning of berry ripening (stage C). Fludioxonil and fenhexamid belong to two different chemical classes and are commonly used as botryticides. To reduce pesticide use, it’s necessary to improve the knowledge about chemical effects on plant physiology. Therefore, effects of these botryticides have been evaluated on grapevine vegetative and reproductive organs. Indeed, photosynthesis performed in vegetative organs provides the energy and structural substrates for plant growth. Considering reproductive organs, their development is related to the yield. Therefore, the photosynthesis was used as a physiological parameter to study stress caused by fungicides on vegetative organs. Plant defense responses have also been analysed because chemical stress induced by botryticides could activate these responses. Considering the fungicide effects on reproductive organs, various factors which could influence their efficacy were followed: (i) treatment stage, (ii) fungicide mode of action, (iii) selection pressure exerted by fungicides on B. Cinerea and (iv) grapevine defense responses
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Guilpart, Nicolas. "Relations entre services écosystémiques dans un agroécosystème à base de plantes pérennes : compromis entre rendement de la vigne et régulation de l'oïdium." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0007/document.
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Comment concilier productivité et réduction de l'usage des pesticides ? Le développement de l'oïdium, maladie majeure en viticulture, peut être limité (service de régulation de l'oïdium) par un faible niveau de développement végétatif de la vigne associé à une forte porosité du couvert. Or, de telles caractéristiques limitent également la quantité de rayonnement intercepté par la vigne, et donc la production de biomasse par photosynthèse, et finalement le rendement (service d'approvisionnement). Peut-on augmenter la régulation de l'oïdium sans diminuer le rendement de la vigne ? Autrement dit, existe-t-il une relation de compromis entre ces deux services ? Pour répondre à cette question, deux expérimentations ont été mobilisées : une expérimentation au champ réalisée près de Montpellier de 2010 à 2012 (Syrah), et un réseau de témoins non traités suivis par l'IFV dans la région de Bordeaux de 2007 à 2013. L'analyse des données issues de ces expérimentations a permis de montrer (i) que l'effet des stress hydrique et azoté sur la formation des inflorescences dans les bourgeons latents à la floraison de l'année n-1 détermine 65 à 70 \% du rendement de la vigne lors de l'année n ; (ii) que l'effet du développement végétatif de la vigne sur le développement de l'oïdium n'est significatif que dans le cas d'épidémies de précocité moyenne, dont les premiers symptômes ont été détectés sur feuilles entre la floraison et la fermeture de la grappe. Le développement végétatif de la vigne à la floraison est donc un indicateur pertinent du service de régulation de l'oïdium. Ces résultats ont ensuite permis de confirmer expérimentalement l'hypothèse de l'existence d'un compromis entre rendement de la vigne et régulation de l'oïdium et d'identifier le stress hydrique à la floraison comme un déterminant partagé de ces deux services. Ce dernier point a alors été transcrit dans un modèle simple dans lequel le rendement de la vigne de l'année n dépend principalement de l'année n-1, et le développement végétatif dépend seulement de l'année n. L'analyse des propriétés mathématiques de ce modèle a permis de montrer que la réalisation de compromis favorables entre ces deux services (i.e. un fort niveau des deux services) est possible mais déterminée par l'occurrence de séquences climatiques particulières (une année humide suivie d'une année sèche). Ainsi, les compromis favorables ne peuvent être atteints deux années consécutives et ne sont donc pas stables dans le temps. Les règles de décisions d'application des traitements phytosanitaires pourraient ainsi être adaptées en fonction de la variabilité climatique inter-annuelle et de ses conséquences sur les compromis entre le rendement de la vigne et la régulation des maladies cryptogamiquesHow to combine crop productivity and reduction in pesticide use ? A reduction in plant growth and an increase in crop canopy porosity has been shown to limit the development of the grapevine powdery mildew (powdery mildew regulation service), which is a major disease in viticulture. However, this could also limit grapevine yield through a reduction in light interception and biomass production through photosynthesis. Can regulation of powdery mildew be increased without grapevine yield impairment ? In other words, do these two services trade off ? To address this question, two experiments were used. A field experiment was conducted in Montpellier from 2010 to 2012 on Shiraz, and a network of non-sprayed vineyard plots was monitored by the French Institute of Vine and wine in the Bordeaux region from 2007 to 2013. Data analyses showed that: (i) 65 to 70 \% of grapevine yield in year n were determined by the effect of water and nitrogen stresses on inflorescence formation in the latent buds at flowering in year n-1; (ii) the effect of grapevine vegetative development on powdery mildew depended on epidemic earliness and was significant only when first symptoms were detected on leaves between flowering and bunch closure. Grapevine vegetative development at flowering was therefore a relevant indicator of the powdery mildew regulation service. Based on these results, the hypothesis of a trade-off between grapevine yield and powdery mildew regulation was experimentally confirmed and water stress at flowering was identified as a shared driver of these two services. Then, a simple model was built that accounted for the effect of water stress at flowering on the two services, where grapevine yield depended mostly on year n-1 and grapevine vegetative development depended only on year n conditions. Analysis of the model's mathematical properties showed that "win-win" scenarios (high level of both services) did exist and were reached when specific climatic sequences occured (a wet year followed by a dry year). The "win-win" scenarios could not be reached two consecutive years and were therefore temporally unstable. Decision rules for pesticides application may be adapted in function of the inter-annual climatic variability and its effect on the trade-off between grapevine yield and regulation powdery mildew
Books on the topic "Vine stress"
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Ice-T. Kings of vice. New York: Forge, 2012.
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Ice-T. Kings of vice. New York: Forge, 2011.
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Domani viene da ieri. Bologna, Italy: Logo Fausto Lupetti, 2015.
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Kubo, Tite. Bleach: Vice it. San Francisco: VIZ Media, 2012.
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Geoff, Johns, Merino Jesus, and Pacheco Carlos, eds. JLA, JSA: Virtue and vice. New York: DC Comics, 2002.
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Hart, Archibald D. The hidden link between adrenalin & stress: The exciting new breakthrough that helps you overcome stress damage. Waco, Tex: Word Books, 1986.
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Richard, Worsley, ed. Tomorrow's workplace: Fulfilment or stress? Norfolk: Tomorrow Project, 2001.
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Stress, bien-être et productivité au travail. Montréal: Éditions Transcontinental, 1999.
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Évelyne, Châtelain, ed. Le principe du calme. Paris: J'ai lu, 2002.
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Vainer, Luciana. Miralá que linda viene: La murga porteña : recorrido por los carnavales, desde 1970 al 2004. [Argentina]: Papel Picado Ediciones, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Vine stress"
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Claridge, Brian, and Cary L. Cooper. "Jack Kraft — Former Vice-Chairman and COO, Leo Burnett Advertising Agency." In Stress in the Spotlight, 89–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137292353_11.
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Claridge, Brian, and Cary L. Cooper. "Joan Chow — Executive Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer, ConAgra Foods." In Stress in the Spotlight, 95–101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137292353_12.
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Nikolaou, Z. M., Y. Minamoto, C. Chrysostomou, and L. Vervisch. "Machine-Learning for Stress Tensor Modelling in Large Eddy Simulation." In Lecture Notes in Energy, 89–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16248-0_4.
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AbstractThe accurate modelling of the unresolved stress tensor is particularly important for Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of turbulent flows. This term affects the transfer of energy from the largest to the smallest scales and vice versa, thus controlling the evolution of the flow field-in reacting flows, the flow field transports scalar fields such as mass fractions and temperature both of which control the species production and destruction rates. A large number of models have been developed in past years for the stress tensor in incompressible and non-reacting flows. A common characteristic of the majority of the classical models is that simplifying assumptions are typically involved in their derivation which limits their predictive ability. At the same time, various tunable parameters appear in the relevant closures whose value depends on the flow geometry/configuration/spatial location, and which require careful regularisation. Data-driven methods for the stress tensor is an emerging alternative modelling approach which may help to circumvent the above issues, and in recent studies several such models were developed and evaluated. This chapter discusses the modelling problem, presents some of the most popular algebraic models, and reviews some recent advances on data-driven methods.
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Delle, James A., and Mary Ann Levine. "Remembering the Women of Vine Street: Archaeology and Historic Preservation of an Urban Landscape in Lancaster, Pennsylvania." In Archaeology and Preservation of Gendered Landscapes, 113–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1501-6_6.
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Caby, Cécile. "Écrire la Vie d’Honorat à Lérins au début du xve siècle. Autour de la Vita Honorati du manuscrit Stresa, Biblioteca Rosminiana, 4." In Lérins, une île sainte de l’Antiquité au Moyen Âge, 669–728. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.cem-eb.3.1571.
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Hussain Shah, Monis, Rizwan Rafique, Tanzila Rafique, Mehwish Naseer, Uzman Khalil, and Rehan Rafique. "Effect of Climate Change on Polyphenols Accumulation in Grapevine." In Phenolic Compounds - Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99779.
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Phenolics compounds in grapes contribute to berry and must color, organoleptic properties, nutritional value, antioxidant properties and provide protection against environmental challenges. Climate change has place mammoth challenges for the viticulture industry in different viticulture regions. Environmental variables determine to the greater extent, suitable grapes varieties for fresh as well as premium quality wine production. Grape berry composition is particularly affected by heat, drought, and intensity of solar irradiation. It is expected that climatic extremes will have an adverse effect on berry quality traits such as phenolic compounds in different grape cultivars. Polyphenols particularly anthocyanins decrease at elevated temperature, similarly flavanols levels increase with better exposure to solar radiation. Water availability is crucial for better vine growth and good production, however modest water stress particularly near veraison, upregulates the activity of key enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. Therefore, it is important to know that how and when phenolic substance accumulate in berries and how various cultivars respond. This review elaborates the effect of weather conditions on biosynthesis of different phenolic compounds in grapes. Berry phenolic substances e.g., total phenolic compounds (TPC), total anthocyanins (TAC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) synthesis is strongly regulated under the influence of environmental conditions during growing season. In this chapter we, shall focus on accumulation of phenolic compounds in grapevine in relation to climatic variations.
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"Le stress de la vie." In Les relaxations, 77–98. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18phc7j.6.
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"VIVE LA DANSE! Walzer." In Strauss-Allianz-Verzeichnis (SAV), 92–94. Hollitzer Verlag, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvg8p2d2.58.
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Anwar, Ali, Najeeb Mohammad Mughal, Efath Shahnaz, Saba Banday, Taibah Bashir, Qadrul Nisa, and Gulam Jeelani. "Management of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne Incognita Dreaded Invading in Pointed Gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) Crop Prone to Eastern U.P of India." In Nematodes - Recent Advances, Management and New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98923.
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Pointed gourd belongs to cucurbitaceae family and is extensively cultivated in eastern Uttar Pradesh (10000 Hectares), Bihar (14000 hectares), West Bengal, Assam, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujrat. Its plants are perennial in nature and can survive for several years even if left uncared. This crop occupies large area of land in India. The system of cultivation varies from region to region such as trained on pandals or ardours especially during the rainy season in southern and western India. However, it is most susceptible to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, the population level or density of root-knot nematodes were found in the range of 15–100 per cent of the root and soil samples. This nematode induces severe damage to pointed gourd on coarse-textured sandy soils, particularly during droughts stress. Crop failure is noticed at earlier stage of vines. In view of fact it is necessary to evolve the integrated strategies for management of root-knot nematode in this viny crop.
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Balard, Françoise. "La fin d’une vie (1906-1908)." In Geneviève Straus, 339–70. CNRS Éditions, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.editionscnrs.42864.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Vine stress"
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Yu, Zixuan, Tingting Huang, Xin Wu, and Kun Zhou. "Degradation Modeling of Digital Multimeter with Multiple-performance Indicators in Multi-stress Dynamic Marine Environment Based on Vine Copula." In 2019 Prognostics and System Health Management Conference (PHM-Qingdao). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/phm-qingdao46334.2019.8943021.
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Habermann, Jan, Martin C. Arenz, Stephan Staudacher, Martin G. Rose, Yavuz Guendogdu, and Irene Raab. "Reynolds Stress Anisotropy in a Two-Stage Low Pressure Axial Turbine at Low Reynolds Numbers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56133.
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Computational fluid dynamics have become important in turbine design, because experimental tests can easily become very expensive and time consuming. The industrially used two-equation turbulence models have weaknesses in predicting the Reynolds stress anisotropy in complex flows. The free stream Reynolds stresses influence transition and separation on turbine airfoils and vice versa. Higher-order models are supposed to improve numerical prediction quality. For development and validation of these models, a good understanding of the Reynolds stress distribution is required. Therefore the full Reynolds stress tensor and its anisotropy are experimentally investigated in a two-stage low pressure axial turbine. The Reynolds stresses are resolved from 3D hot-film probe area traverses downstream of the first vane at three Reynolds numbers from 40,000 to 180,000, related to vane 1. Surface thin film gauge measurements on the suction side of the vane are used to determine transition and separation. The size of the separation bubble on the late suction side and the progress of transition vary with Reynolds number. This influences the Reynolds stress elements to different extents and thus the Reynolds stress anisotropy downstream of the vane.
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Cheong Fung, Gabriel. "Vise: A System for Visualizing Salient Events in a Text Stream." In 2006 Sixth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/his.2006.264923.
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Ghosh, Suhash, Chittaranjan Sahay, and Joseph Connors. "Comparative Study Between FEA-Based Sequentially-Coupled and Fully-Coupled Thermal Stress Models in a Laser Hardening Process." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63745.
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Numerous mathematical investigations of laser transformation hardening process have been conducted in the past three decades. The commonly used strategy of a sequentially coupled temperature-stress analysis is to first obtain temperature results from the temperature elements in a thermal loading model, followed by the calculations of thermal stresses from the structural elements under structural loading. Temperature is used as a predefined variable (varies with position and time only) as it is assumed to not change by the stress analysis. Fully coupled thermal-stress analysis is needed when the stress analysis is dependent on the temperature distribution and the temperature distribution depends on the stress solution This paper compares these two finite element (FE) based approaches for modeling temperature and thermal stress evolution in laser transformation hardening of hypoeutectoid steels. The dependence of temperature results on stresses and vice versa at higher temperatures involving significant inelastic strains has been demonstrated. Preliminary investigation reveals that under such circumstances thermal and mechanical solutions must be obtained simultaneously rather than sequentially.
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Mani, Sathyanarayanan, and Taher M. Saif. "Stress Assisted Controlled Fabrication of Nano Channels and Their Flow Characteristics." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60972.
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A method to fabricate nano channels narrower than 50nm without the need for any nano lithography is presented. The nano channels are formed by cracking a thin film of silicon dioxide on a silicon substrate by residual stress alone. However, for controlled initiation of cracks on oxide, stress raisers are planted on a silicon substrate by deep RIE. These channels are used to study capillary driven fluid flow through nanochannels. Experimental analysis suggests that the flow rate is inversely proportional to the square root of time, which is in agreement with the theoretical model. From the theoretical plot that fits the experimental data the value of the proportionality constant is determined. From this value it is possible to back calculate the meniscus contact angle if we know the surface energy of the fluid or vice versa.
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Chibelushi, C. C. "Hierarchical multi-stream recognition of facial expressions." In International Conference on Visual Information Engineering (VIE 2003). Ideas, Applications, Experience. IEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20030504.
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Song, Ting-ting, Henry S. H. Chung, Saad Tapuhi, and A. Ioinovici. "A High Input Voltage Three-Phase ZVZCS DC-DC Converter with Vin /3 Voltage Stress on Primary Switches." In 2007 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesc.2007.4342012.
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Lima de Almeida, Jose´ Carlos, Ronaldo Rosa Rossi, and Ricardo Sobral. "TN X SN Fatigue Curves for KS Hook and Chain Using Finite Element Modelling." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92599.
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For mooring chains of offshore floating production units, API (American Petroleum Institute) recommends the use of its TxN fatigue curve considering the MBL (Minimum Breaking Load) of an ORQ (Oil Rig Quality) chain even if the chain has a higher grade. DNV (Det Norske Veritas) recommends the use of SxN fatigue curve where the stress is taken using the tension over the nominal area of the chain or wire rope. So it is easy to convert this SxN curve to a TxN curve or vice-versa. The geometry of the chain or wire rope and the material are implicit considered. To develop SxN curve for new accessories design it is necessary the using of FEM (Finite Elements Method) to obtain the distribution of stresses and strains and the stress concentration factor and the SxN curves of the material. The analysis of the tension and the stress concentration factor will be used to obtain the slope and intercept parameters of the fatigue curve. This paper will present the study developed for KS hook and how to obtain the fatigue curve for this accessory based on published papers, rules and recent tests.
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Song, Ting-ting, Henry S. H. Chung, Saad Tapuhi, and A. Joinovici. "Modeling and Analysis of a High-Voltage DC-DC Converter with Vin/3-Voltage Stress on the Primary's Switches." In PEC 07 - Twenty-Second Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apex.2007.357599.
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Ouadi, Habib, Ilyes Mellal, Abderraouf Chemmakh, Sofiane Djezzar, Aldjia Boualam, Ahmed Merzoug, Aimen Laalam, et al. "New Approach for Stress-Dependent Permeability and Porosity Response in the Bakken Formation." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210104-ms.
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Abstract During the reservoir depletion and injection operations, the net effective stress is disrupted due to pore pressure changes. As a result, the reservoir properties, mainly porosity and permeability, are influenced by the change in the stress behavior in the reservoir rock. Understanding the porosity and permeability stress-dependent alteration is crucial since it directly impacts the reservoir storage capacity and the production/injection capabilities. Conventionally, lab experiments are conducted to understand the stress dependency of porosity and permeability magnitudes. Two methods are usually used: the unsteady-state method (Core Measurement System, CMS-300) and the steady-state method (Core Measurement System, CPMS). The challenges with these experiments reside in the fact that they are expensive and time-consuming and may cause the destruction of the core samples due to the applied stresses. This study aims to investigate the effect of stress variations on porosity and permeability changes. These properties were measured on a total of 2150 core data from the three members of the unconventional Bakken formation (upper, middle, and lower), applying 35 different Net Confining Stress (NCS) values, ranging from 400psi to 5800psi. A correlation was formulated between permeability and the NCS to illustrate the stress dependency relationships. The Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm (GWO) was used to tune the correlation for the Bakken formation. Machine Learning methods were also applied for the porosity and permeability stress dependency response prediction, which are as follows: Linear Regression (LR), Random Forest Regression (RF), XGBoost Regression (XGB), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results demonstrate that the porosity and the permeability decrease with the increase of the NCS and vice versa. The permeability is highly sensitive to the NCS changes compared to the porosity. The developed correlations showed a good fit with the data extracted from the laboratory experiments of the pilot well. For the data-driven models, the coefficient of correlation R2-Score ranged from 91% to 93%. These models can be used to constrain the modeling work and reduce the uncertainties by introducing the effect of the net effective stress changes during reservoir depletion/injection on petrophysical properties.
Reports on the topic "Vine stress"
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Cohen, Roni, Kevin Crosby, Menahem Edelstein, John Jifon, Beny Aloni, Nurit Katzir, Haim Nerson, and Daniel Leskovar. Grafting as a strategy for disease and stress management in muskmelon production. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613874.bard.
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The overall objective of this research was to elucidate the horticultural, pathological, physiological and molecular factors impacting melon varieties (scion) grafted onto M. cannonballus resistant melon and squash rootstocks. Specific objectives were- to compare the performance of resistant melon germplasm (grafted and non-grafted) when exposed to M. cannoballus in the Lower Rio Grande valley and the Wintergarden, Texas, and in the Arava valley, Israel; to address inter-species relationships between a Monosporascus resistant melon rootstock and susceptible melon scions in terms of fruit-set, fruit quality and yield; to study the factors which determine the compatibility between the rootstock and the scion in melon; to compare the responses of graft unions of differing compatibilities under disease stress, high temperatures, deficit irrigation, and salinity stress; and to investigate the effect of rootstock on stress related gene expression in the scion. Some revisions were- to include watermelon in the Texas investigations since it is much more economically important to the state, and also to evaluate additional vine decline pathogens Didymella bryoniae and Macrophomina phaseolina. Current strategies for managing vine decline rely heavily on soil fumigation with methyl bromide, but restrictions on its use have increased the need for alternative management strategies. Grafting of commercial melon varieties onto resistant rootstocks with vigorous root systems is an alternative to methyl bromide for Monosporascus root rot/vine decline (MRR/VD) management in melon production. Extensive selection and breeding has already produced potential melon rootstock lines with vigorous root systems and disease resistance. Melons can also be grafted onto Cucurbita spp., providing nonspecific but efficient protection from a wide range of soil-borne diseases and against some abiotic stresses, but compatibility between the scion and the rootstock can be problematic. During the first year experiments to evaluate resistance to the vine decline pathogens Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymella bryoniae, and Macrophomina phaseolina in melon and squash rootstocks proved the efficacy of these grafted plants in improving yield and quality. Sugars and fruit size were better in grafted versus non-grafted plants in both Texas and Israel. Two melons (1207 and 124104) and one pumpkin, Tetsukabuto, were identified as the best candidate rootstocks in Texas field trials, while in Israel, the pumpkin rootstock RS59 performed best. Additionally, three hybrid melon rootstocks demonstrated excellent resistance to both M. cannonballus and D. bryoniae in inoculated tests, suggesting that further screening for fruit quality and yield should be conducted. Experiments with ABA in Uvalde demonstrated a significant increase in drought stress tolerance and concurrent reduction in transplant shock due to reduced transpiration for ‘Caravelle’ plants. In Israel, auxin was implicated in reducing root development and contributing to increased hydrogen peroxide, which may explain incompatibility reactions with some squash rootstocks. However, trellised plants responded favorably to auxin (NAA) application at the time of fruit development. Gene expression analyses in Israel identified several cDNAs which may code for phloem related proteins, cyclins or other factors which impact the graft compatibility. Manipulation of these genes by transformation or traditional breeding may lead to improved rootstock cultivars. Commercial applications of the new melon rootstocks as well as the ABA and TIBA growth regulators have potential to improve the success of grafted melons in both Israel and Texas. The disease resistance, fruit quality and yield data generated by the field trials will help producers in both locations to decide what rootstock/scion combinations will be best.
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LaBonte, Don, Etan Pressman, Nurit Firon, and Arthur Villordon. Molecular and Anatomical Characterization of Sweetpotato Storage Root Formation. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592648.bard.
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Original objectives: Anatomical study of storage root initiation and formation. Induction of storage root formation. Isolation and characterization of genes involved in storage root formation. During the normal course of storage root development. Following stress-induced storage root formation. Background:Sweetpotato is a high value vegetable crop in Israel and the U.S. and acreage is expanding in both countries and the research herein represents an important backstop to improving quality, consistency, and yield. This research has two broad objectives, both relating to sweetpotato storage root formation. The first objective is to understand storage root inductive conditions and describe the anatomical and physiological stages of storage root development. Sweetpotato is propagated through vine cuttings. These vine cuttings form adventitious roots, from pre-formed primordiae, at each node underground and it is these small adventitious roots which serve as initials for storage and fibrous (non-storage) “feeder” roots. What perplexes producers is the tremendous variability in storage roots produced from plant to plant. The marketable root number may vary from none to five per plant. What has intrigued us is the dearth of research on sweetpotato during the early growth period which we hypothesize has a tremendous impact on ultimate consistency and yield. The second objective is to identify genes that change the root physiology towards either a fleshy storage root or a fibrous “feeder” root. Understanding which genes affect the ultimate outcome is central to our research. Major conclusions: For objective one, we have determined that the majority of adventitious roots that are initiated within 5-7 days after transplanting possess the anatomical features associated with storage root initiation and account for 86 % of storage root count at 65 days after transplanting. These data underscore the importance of optimizing the growing environment during the critical storage root initiation period. Water deprivation during this phenological stage led to substantial reduction in storage root number and yield as determined through growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments. Morphological characterization of adventitious roots showed adjustments in root system architecture, expressed as lateral root count and density, in response to water deprivation. For objective two, we generated a transcriptome of storage and lignified (non-storage) adventitious roots. This transcriptome database consists of 55,296 contigs and contains data as regards to differential expression between initiating and lignified adventitious roots. The molecular data provide evidence that a key regulatory mechanism in storage root initiation involves the switch between lignin biosynthesis and cell division and starch accumulation. We extended this research to identify genes upregulated in adventitious roots under drought stress. A subset of these genes was expressed in salt stressed plants.
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Fait, Aaron, Grant Cramer, and Avichai Perl. Towards improved grape nutrition and defense: The regulation of stilbene metabolism under drought. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594398.bard.
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The goals of the present research proposal were to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of the regulation of stilbene metabolism in grape, against the background of (i) grape metabolic network behavior in response to drought and of (ii) varietal diversity. The specific objectives included the study of the physiology of the response of different grape cultivars to continuous WD; the characterization of the differences and commonalities of gene network topology associated with WD in berry skin across varieties; the study of the metabolic response of developing berries to continuous WD with specific attention to the stilbene compounds; the integration analysis of the omics data generated; the study of isolated drought-associated stress factors on the regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plantaand in vitro. Background to the topic Grape quality has a complex relationship with water input. Regulated water deficit (WD) is known to improve wine grapes by reducing the vine growth (without affecting fruit yield) and boosting sugar content (Keller et al. 2008). On the other hand, irregular rainfall during the summer can lead to drought-associated damage of fruit developmental process and alter fruit metabolism (Downey et al., 2006; Tarara et al., 2008; Chalmers et al., 792). In areas undergoing desertification, WD is associated with high temperatures. This WD/high temperature synergism can limit the areas of grape cultivation and can damage yields and fruit quality. Grapes and wine are the major source of stilbenes in human nutrition, and multiple stilbene-derived compounds, including isomers, polymers and glycosylated forms, have also been characterized in grapes (Jeandet et al., 2002; Halls and Yu, 2008). Heterologous expression of stilbenesynthase (STS) in a variety of plants has led to an enhanced resistance to pathogens, but in others the association has not been proven (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Soleas et al., 1995). Tomato transgenic plants harboring a grape STS had increased levels of resveratrol, ascorbate, and glutathione at the expense of the anthocyanin pathways (Giovinazzo et al. 2005), further emphasizing the intermingled relation among secondary metabolic pathways. Stilbenes are are induced in green and fleshy parts of the berries by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Chong et al., 2009). As is the case for other classes of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of stilbenes is not very well understood, but it is known to be under tight spatial and temporal control, which limits the availability of these compounds from plant sources. Only very few studies have attempted to analyze the effects of different environmental components on stilbene accumulation (Jeandet et al., 1995; Martinez-Ortega et al., 2000). Targeted analyses have generally shown higher levels of resveratrol in the grape skin (induced), in seeded varieties, in varieties of wine grapes, and in dark-skinned varieties (Gatto et al., 2008; summarized by Bavaresco et al., 2009). Yet, the effect of the grape variety and the rootstock on stilbene metabolism has not yet been thoroughly investigated (Bavaresco et al., 2009). The study identified a link between vine hydraulic behavior and physiology of stress with the leaf metabolism, which the PIs believe can eventually lead to the modifications identified in the developing berries that interested the polyphenol metabolism and its regulation during development and under stress. Implications are discussed below.
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Guy, Charles, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Gloria Moore, Doron Holland, and Yuval Eshdat. Common Mechanisms of Response to the Stresses of High Salinity and Low Temperature and Genetic Mapping of Stress Tolerance Loci in Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613013.bard.
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The objectives that were outlined in our original proposal have largely been achieved or will be so by the end of the project in February 1995 with one exception; that of mapping cold tolerance loci based on the segregation of tolerance in the BC1 progeny population. Briefly, our goals were to 1) construct a densely populated linkage map of the citrus genome: 2) map loci important in cold and/or salt stress tolerance; and 3) characterize the expression of genes responsive to cold land salt stress. As can be seen by the preceding listing of accomplishments, our original objectives A and B have been realized, objective C has been partially tested, objective D has been completed, and work on objectives E and F will be completed by the end of 1995. Although we have yet to map any loci that contribute to an ability of citrus to maintain growth when irrigated with saline water, our very encouraging results from the 1993 experiment provides us with considerable hope that 1994's much more comprehensive and better controlled experiment will yield the desired results once the data has been fully analyzed. Part of our optimism derives from the findings that loci for growth are closely linked with loci associated with foliar Cl- and Na+ accumulation patterns under non-salinization conditions. In the 1994 experiment, if ion exclusion or sequestration traits are segregating in the population, the experimental design will permit their resolution. Our fortunes with respect to cold tolerance is another situation. In three attempts to quantitatively characterize cold tolerance as an LT50, the results have been too variable and the incremental differences between sensitive and tolerant too small to use for mapping. To adequately determine the LT50 requires many plants, many more than we have been able to generate in the time and space available by making cuttings from small greenhouse-grown stock plants. As it has turned out, with citrus, to prepare enough plants needed to be successful in this objective would have required extensive facilities for both growing and testing hardiness which simply were not available at University of Florida. The large populations necessary to overcome the variability we encountered was unanticipated and unforeseeable at the project's outset. In spite of the setbacks, this project, when it is finally complete will be exceedingly successful. Listing of Accomplishments During the funded interval we have accomplished the following objectives: Developed a reasonably high density linkage map for citrus - mapped the loci for two cold responsive genes that were cloned from Poncirus - mapped the loci for csa, the salt responsive gene for glutathione peroxidase, and ccr a circadian rhythm gene from citrus - identified loci that confer parental derived specific DNA methylation patterns in the Citrus X Poncirus cross - mapped 5 loci that determine shoot vigor - mapped 2 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions in the BC1 population - mapped 3 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation paterns during salt sress - mapped 2 loci that control leaf Cl- accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions - mapped a locus that controls leaf Cl- accumulation patterns during salt stress Screened the BC1 population for growth reduction during salinization (controls and salinized), and cold tolerance - determined population variation for shoot/root ratio of Na+ and Cl- - determined levels for 12 inorganic nutrient elements in an effort to examine the influence of salinization on ion content with emphasis on foliar responses - collected data on ion distribution to reveal patterns of exclusion/sequestration/ accumulation - analyzed relationships between ion content and growth Characterization of gene expression in response to salt or cold stress - cloned the gene for the salt responsive protein csa, identified it as glutathione peroxidase, determined the potential target substrate from enzymatic studies - cloned two other genes responsive to salt stress, one for the citrus homologue of a Lea5, and the other for an "oleosin" like gene - cold regulated (cor) genes belonging to five hybridization classes were isolated from Poncirus, two belonged to the group 2 Lea superfamily of stress proteins, the others show no significant homology to other known sequences - the expression of csa during cold acclimation was examined, and the expression of some of the cor genes were examined in response to salt stress - the influence of salinization on cold tolerance has been examined with seedling populations - conducted protein blot studies for expression of cold stress proteins during salt stress and vice versa
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Reisch, Bruce, Avichai Perl, Julie Kikkert, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Rachel Gollop. Use of Anti-Fungal Gene Synergisms for Improved Foliar and Fruit Disease Tolerance in Transgenic Grapes. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575292.bard.
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Original objectives . 1. Test anti-fungal gene products for activity against Uncinula necator, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinerea. 2. For Agrobacterium transformation, design appropriate vectors with gene combinations. 3. Use biolistic bombardment and Agrobacterium for transformation of important cultivars. 4. Characterize gene expression in transformants, as well as level of powdery mildew and Botrytis resistance in foliage of transformed plants. Background The production of new grape cultivars by conventional breeding is a complex and time-consuming process. Transferring individual traits via single genes into elite cultivars was proposed as a viable strategy, especially for vegetatively propagated crops such as grapevines. The availability of effective genetic transformation procedures, the existence of genes able to reduce pathogen stress, and improved in vitro culture methods for grapes, were combined to serve the objective of this proposal. Effective deployment of resistance genes would reduce production costs and increase crop quality, and several such genes and combinations were used in this project. Progress The efficacy of two-way combinations of Trichoderma endochitinase (CHIT42), synthetic peptide ESF12 and resveratrol upon the control of growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum were evaluated in vitro. All pairwise interactions were additive but not synergistic. Per objective 2, suitable vectors with important gene combinations for Agrobacterium transformation were designed. In addition, multiple gene co-transformation by particle bombardment was also tested successfully. In New York, transformation work focused on cultivars Chardonnay and Merlot, while the technology in Israel was extended to 41B, R. 110, Prime, Italia, Gamay, Chardonnay and Velika. Transgenic plant production is summarized in the appendix. Among plants developed in Israel, endochitinase expression was assayed via the MuchT assay using material just 1-5 days after co-cultivation. Plants of cv. Sugraone carrying the gene coding for ESF12, a short anti-fungal lytic peptide under the control of the double 358 promoter, were produced. Leaf extracts of two plants showed inhibition zones that developed within 48 h indicating the inhibitory effect of the leaf extracts on the six species of bacteria. X fastidiosa, the causal organism of Pierce's disease, was very sensitive to leaf extracts from ESF12 transformed plants. Further work is needed to verify the agricultural utility of ESF12 transformants. In New York, some transformants were resistant to powdery mildew and Botrytis fruit rot. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements and implications The following scientific achievements resulted from this cooperative BARD project: 1. Development and improvement of embryogenesis and tissue culture manipulation in grape, while extending these procedures to several agriculturally important cultivars both in Israel and USA. 2. Development and improvement of novel transformation procedures while developing transformation techniques for grape and other recalcitrant species. 3. Production of transgenic grapevines, characterization of transformed vines while studying the expression patterns of a marker gene under the control of different promoter as the 35S CaMV in different part of the plants including flowers and fruits. 4. Expression of anti-fungal genes in grape: establishment of transgenic plants and evaluation of gene expression. Development of techniques to insert multiple genes. 5. Isolation of novel grape specific promoter to control the expression of future antimicrobial genes. It is of great importance to report that significant progress was made in not only the development of transgenic grapevines, but also in the evaluation of their potential for increased resistance to disease as compared with the non engineered cultivar. In several cases, increased disease resistance was observed. More research and development is still needed before a product can be commercialized, yet our project lays a framework for further investigations.