Journal articles: 'Vine resistance'

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Lewthwaite, S. L., and P. J. Wright. "SWEETPOTATO VINE RESISTANCE TO SCLEROTINIA ROT." Acta Horticulturae, no. 670 (April 2005): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2005.670.6.

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Omotayo, Temitayo O., Abiodun O. Claudius-Cole, and Antonio Lopez-Montez. "Vine Cuttings Technique for Evaluating the Reaction of Dioscorea rotundata Varieties to Root-Knot Nematodes." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 9 (August 13, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n9p76.

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Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) contribute to low productivity and post harvest losses of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata). This study evaluated yam cultivars for resistance to Meloidogyne spp. using plants generated from single node vine cuttings. Forty accessions of D. rotundata were selected for the study and laid out in a randomized complete block design with 10 plants per replicate, three replicates and two treatments (Meloidogyne-inoculated and uninoculated). Vines were planted in vertically hanging bags and inoculated four weeks after with 500 eggs of Meloidogyne spp. Plants were harvested sixteen weeks after inoculation and data were collected on weight of tubers, nematode populations in tubers and soil, and nematode damage to tubers. Vine survival was up to 60%, although inoculated vines had lower rates of survival. All the surviving vines produced tubers of various sizes which differed between the control inoculated tubers. Based on galling index (damage) and reproductive factor, five accessions were designated as resistant with the remaining accessions being susceptible. The use of vine-cuttings was found to be effective for screening yam varieties for resistance to Meloidogyne spp.

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Picó, B., A. Fita, R. Dias, C. Roig, A. Iglesias, and F. Nuez. "ADVANCES IN BREEDING MELONS FOR RESISTANCE TO VINE DECLINE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 731 (January 2007): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2007.731.3.

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Jordan, Lindsay M., Thomas Björkman, and Justine E. Vanden Heuvel. "Annual Under-vine Cover Crops Did Not Impact Vine Growth or Fruit Composition of Mature Cool-climate ‘Riesling’ Grapevines." HortTechnology 26, no. 1 (February 2016): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.26.1.36.

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In the cool and humid climate of the northeastern United States, vegetation is typically maintained between the rows of wine grape (Vitis vinifera) vineyards, but the area directly beneath vines is conventionally kept bare using herbicides or cultivation, to reduce competition for water and nutrients. Yet with rising concerns of herbicide resistance, environmental contamination, and soil erosion, alternatives to maintaining bare ground in vineyards should be considered. In warmer and more arid climates, using cover crops as an alternative to bare soil has sometimes resulted in reduced vine growth and yields. In more cool and humid climates, like in the northeastern United States, where conditions can promote excessive vine growth, replacing bare soil with under-vine cover crops was hypothesized to improve vine growth characteristics and fruit quality from reducing excessive vigor. This study compared three annual under-vine cover crops of resident vegetation (RES), buckwheat (BW) (Fagopyrum esculentum), and annual ryegrass (ARG) (Lolium multiflorum), planted in the 1-m-wide strip directly under vines at the start of each growing season, against the conventional weed-free under-vine row maintained with glyphosate. The experiment was established in 2011 and repeated in 2012 and 2013 in a 20-year-old block of ‘Riesling’ wine grapes (clone 198 on S04 rootstock) in a commercial vineyard in the Finger Lakes region of New York State. Harvested grapes were fermented in duplicate using standard white wine procedures. Among the four under-vine treatments, no significant differences were found in measures of vegetative growth, yield, petiole nutrient concentrations at veraison, or predawn and midday stem water potentials. Under-vine treatments were not found to significantly affect soil organic matter, aggregate stability, and nutrient concentrations. Juice characteristics were also not significantly different among treatments. In this study, the mature vines in this rain-fed ‘Riesling’ vineyard likely had a well-developed and extensive rooting system that was able to overcome any competition effects for water or nutrients from the comparatively shallow root systems of the annually established cover crops. Without any induced competition in the conditions of this study, under-vine cover crops had no effects on vine growth, yield, or juice characteristics when compared with conventional herbicide use in the under-vine row. When multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was used to determine differences in aroma among wine treatment replicates, treatments were found to significantly impact the perceived aromatic properties of the wines, even though no measures of growth or juice characteristics were affected. Using under-vine vegetation may be a viable alternative to conventional herbicide use for vineyard floor management in mature wine grape vineyards in cool and humid climates.

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Claudius-Cole, Abiodun O., Temitayo O. Omotayo, and Antonio Lopez Montes. "Nodal vine cutting technique for assessing nematode resistance in yams." Tropical Plant Pathology 45, no. 1 (February 2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40858-019-00325-9.

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Yobrégat, Olivier. "Introduction to resistant vine types : a brief history and overview of the situation." OENO One 52, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2018.52.3.2220.

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Today’s breeding efforts applied to grapevines are mainly focused on the use of resistance to bio-aggressors, after beingmotivated, often unconsciously, for millennia by quantitative and qualitative concerns, and adaptations to environmentalconditions. Thanks to advances in genomic knowledge and use of molecular markers, it is now possible to envisage more andmore solutions against different pathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects), and in the near future, to ensure the durability ofthese resistances while combining them with resistance factors to abiotic stresses (drought, cold hardiness, soil conditions, etc.).This brief review presents the history and current situation of resistant vine types.

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Ferrandez-Villena, Manuel, Clara Eugenia Ferrandez-Garcia, Teresa Garcia-Ortuño, Antonio Ferrandez-Garcia, and Maria Teresa Ferrandez-Garcia. "Analysis of the Thermal Insulation and Fire-Resistance Capacity of Particleboards Made from Vine (Vitis vinifera L.) Prunings." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2020): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051147.

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In Europe, vine (Vitis vinifera L.) prunings are one of the most abundant types of agricultural waste. It is, therefore, essential to organize the removal of vine waste from the fields in order to prevent the spread of fires, pests, or diseases. Using plant biomass in buildings will help achieve greater energy efficiency and cause less environmental pollution. The objectives of this work were to minimize burning of agricultural waste, reduce the use of natural wood, and obtain a product by using vine pruning waste to manufacture particleboards, assessing their use as an insulating material and their fire-resistance qualities. Eight types of boards were manufactured with vine prunings (two particle sizes, two times, and two pressures), using 9% by weight of urea-formaldehyde as a bonding resin. Experimental tests were conducted to determine the physical, mechanical, thermal, and fire-resistance properties. In general, the panels manufactured performed well as a thermal insulating material with a conductivity between 0.0642 and 0.0676 W/m·K and a classification of Bd0 according to the European standards on fire resistance; some of them may be used to manufacture furniture, interior décor, and load-bearing panels in dry conditions.

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de C.S. Dias, Rita, Belén Picó, Javier Herraiz, Amparo Espinós, and Fernando Nuez. "Modifying Root Structure of Cultivated Muskmelon to Improve Vine Decline Resistance." HortScience 37, no. 7 (December 2002): 1092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.7.1092.

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Vine decline is limiting muskmelon production in many growing areas. Monosporascus cannonballus Pollack and Uecker and Acremonium cucurbitacearum Alfaro-García, W. Gams, and J. García-Jiménez are the main causal agents of this disease in Spain. The wild accession Pat81 (Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis Jeffrey) has shown to be highly resistant in naturally infested fields and after artificial inoculations. In three greenhouse experiments conducted over two seasons, the root structure of Pat81 was examined and compared to the highly susceptible commercial cultivar Amarillo Canario (AC). Pat81 produced a more vigorous, branched, and longer root system, conferring to this accession a higher capacity for the uptake of water and nutrients, even after inoculation using naturally infested soil. To determine the plasticity of the root systems, the effect of five different soil substrates on root growth was assayed. The root morphology was highly influenced by the soil substrate. Differences between genotypes appeared at 10 weeks after transplanting using sand as soil substrate. An organic substrate made up of well-decomposed peat and sand minimized the genotype × substrate interactions, and facilitated root analysis. This substrate allowed bringing the sampling date forward to flowering (at 7 weeks after transplanting). The maximum root length, the number and size of lateral roots (diameter 0.5-1 mm) and branching order, consistently differed between the two genotypes in most of the assayed substrates. These easily measurable root traits can be used as selection criteria in healthy soils to breed a larger root system more tolerant to stress. In addition, in inoculated soils the greater root absorbent area and the reduced lesion intensity of Pat81 could have applications to increase vine decline resistance of cultivated melons. By using segregant populations derived from the cross AC × Pat81, we are trying to modify the root structure of muskmelon in order to offer a genetic alternative to the expensive strategy of grafting muskmelon varieties onto rootstocks resistant to soil stresses.

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Wolff, David W., Daniel I. Leskovar, Mark C. Black, and Marvin E. Miller. "Differential Fruit Load in Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Affects Shoot and Root Growth, and Vine Decline Symptoms." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 526B—526. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.526b.

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The effect of zero, one, and two fruits per vine on plant growth and reaction to Monosporascus root rot/vine decline were investigated. In the first study, four cultivars with differing levels of tolerance were evaluated (`Primo', `Deltex', `Caravelle', `Magnum 45'). Vine decline ratings were taken weekly during the harvest period for 4 weeks. Treatments with no fruit showed delayed and less-severe vine decline symptoms. Temperature also effected vine decline symptom expression. In a Fall test, with lower temperatures during fruit maturity, symptoms were delayed in all treatments and often absent in treatments with no fruit load. Vine decline symptom expression is greatly effected by physiological (fruit load) and temperature stress. A subsequent study was conducted to more precisely quantify the effect of various fruit loads on shoot/root partitioning and vine decline symptoms. In addition to growth parameters root disease ratings were taken. `Caravelle', the most-susceptible genotype, was grown under differing fruit loads as mentioned above in Weslaco and Uvalde, Texas. As fruit load increased, root size decreased. Increased vine decline symptoms were observed under higher fruit loads. The implications on germplasm screening and breeding for resistance will be discussed.

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Edwards, M. "Effect of type of rootstock on yields of Carina grapevines (Vitis vinifera) and levels of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 2 (1988): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880283.

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Carina grapevines grafted to the rootstocks Ramsey, Harmony, Schwarzmann, K51-32, 5BB Kober, or Richter 110 were compared with their own roots for resistance or tolerance to the citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb). Ramsey was the only rootstock of those studied which was considered resistant to the citrus nematode in the field situation. Low numbers of citrus nematode were found on or near the roots (<254 larvae/500 g soil). Ramsey can also be considered to be tolerant to the citrus nematode as Carina vines on Ramsey rootstock had the highest yield over a 3-year period (30.7-38.8 kg fresh fruit/vine). While Harmony was not resistant, having large numbers of citrus nematodes on and about the roots (947-4919 larva/500 g soil), Carina vines on Harmony yielded well in this trial (25.0-28.3 kg fresh fruit/vine), suggesting tolerance to the citrus nematode. All other rootstocks and own rooted vines maintained similar levels of citrus nematodes. However, grafted vines produced higher yields than vines on own roots. This could be due to tolerance to the citrus nematode, or to rootstocks inferring greater root density or inherent vigour than own rooted Carina grapevines. Thus, in field situations, where citrus nematodes are known to be high, Ramsey rootstock gives the best yield and, because of its resistance to the citrus nematode, also reduces the level of this nematode in the soil. K51-32,5BB Kober, Schwarzmann, and Richter 110 would all perform satisfactorily under citrus nematode pressure but would not control the nematode levels in the soil. Harmony would be the least favourable rootstock in a citrus nematode infested vineyard as it increases citrus nematode populations.

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Tekhanovich, G. A., A. G. Elatskova, and Yu A. Elatskova. "GENETIC SOURCES FOR BREEDING BUSHY AND SHORT-VINE WATERMELON CULTIVARS." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 180, no. 2 (October 13, 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2019-2-89-94.

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Background. When studying the collection of watermelon, it is important to disclose its genetic potential by identifying spontaneous mutations, using its accessions in crosses, and analyzing inheritance of its main traits in hybrids. One of the priorities in watermelon breeding is to develop and produce genetic sources of bushy and short-vine forms with stable manifestation of their morpho-biological characters under various environmental conditions.Material and methods. Accessions from the watermelon collection (local landraces, commercialized and promising cultivars, hybrids and lines obtained in the process of work) of diverse ecogeographic groups served as the material for this research. Description of morphological characters and assessment of economically useful ones were based on the guidelines for studying and maintaining the cucurbit collection and the guidelines for cucurbit crop breeding, both developed by VIR.Results. Variability and inheritance of the bushiness and short vine characters were studied in watermelon accessions according to the features of their growth and development. The habitus of the bushy forms is shaped by the length of stems (0.8– 1.2 m) and very short (2–3 cm) internodes. Short-vine plant stems are 1.3–1.5 m long. Short-vine plants in the early period of development distinctly stand out for their compact bush, if compared with long-vine forms. Short vines are developed due to short internodes (4–5 cm) and a smaller number of lateral shoots.Conclusion. Many years of studying the watermelon collection in the field resulted in identification of promising genetic sources for the breeding of bushy and short-vine cultivars: bushy dissected-leaf lines (KRL) – KRL 694, KRL 656, KRL 376 and KRL 394; bushy entire-leaf lines (KTsL) – KTsL 760/13; yellow-green bushy dissectedleaf lines (ZhZKRL) – ZhZKRL; short-vine watermelon lines (KPL) – KPL 774 and KPL 368. The developed lines differ in morpho-biological and economically useful characters (yield,fruit quality, growing season duration, etc.). They possess resistance to diseases (fusarium wilt and anthracnose) and environmental stressors. The lines are offered for use in the breeding of new bushy and short-vine cultivars and improvement of the existing ones, with various combinations of morpho-biological and economic traits. Brief descriptions of main economically valuable characters of the breeding lines are presented.

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Jifon, J. L., K. M. Crosby, D. I. Leskovar, and M. Miller. "POSSIBLE PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS FOR RESISTANCE TO VINE DECLINE DISEASES IN GRAFTED WATERMELONS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 782 (February 2008): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.782.41.

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Eigenbrode, Sanford D., John T. Trumble, and Richard A. Jones. "Resistance to Beet Armyworm, Hemipterans, and Liriomyza spp. in Lycopersicon Accessions." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 4 (July 1993): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.4.525.

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Accessions of Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme (Dun.) A. Gray (cer) and L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill. (pimp), sustained significantly less damage to fruit by beet armyworm [Spodoptera exigua (Hiibner)] than standard cultivars and breeding lines of L. esculentum Mill. (esc) under natural infestations in 1990 and 1991 in southern California. The dwarf vine cherry cultivar Tiny Tim also sustained less damage than the standards. Accessions of esc with various monogenic mutations sustained at least as much beet armyworm damage as did standard cultivars. The percentage of fruit damaged was significantly correlated with vine weight, weight per fruit, number of fruit, and the fruit-foliage weight ratio (Pearson's coefficients, respectively: -0.533, 0.450, -0.483, 0.390, n = 37). In laboratory assays, survival of beet armyworm was significantly lower (5% of susceptible& growth rates were significantly lower, and development time was significantly longer on the fruit of resistant `Tiny Tim' and LA 1320 cer than the fruit of 11 other test lines. There were no substantial differences in beet armyworm survival on the foliage of the test lines. In the field trials, there were also significant differences among the test lines in damage by Liriomyza species and hemipteran pests. Lines with genes for increased densities of nonglandular leaf trichomes (especially LA 1663) were generally less damaged by Liriomyza than other lines. Damage by hemipterans was correlated with vine and fruit size, fruit count, and fruit-foliage weight ratio in 1991, but high intraseason variability prevented clear identification of test lines resistant to these pests.

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Benahmed Djilali, Adiba, Abdelouahab Benseddik, Halima Boughellout, Karim Allaf, and Mohamed Nabiev. "Biological and functional properties of vine leaves." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 5, no. 11 (June 19, 2021): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.5.11.43-52.

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Aims: The main objective of the present research work was to evaluate the (phytochemical, biochemical, and antimicrobial) properties of Muscat of Alexandria leaf powder and develop new functional dairy product using the mixture lactic bacteria and vine leaf powder as prebiotic for health applications (gastric and cardiac problems, etc.). Material and Methods: Various nutritional parameters of the vine leaf powder namely: pH, acidity, water content, ashes, salts, fatty acids) were determined. Also, their bioactive substances (TPC, total flavonoids content, tannin content, soluble-water polysaccharides) were extracted and quantified using referenced methods. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity of these substances was carried out by disc method. Vine leaf powder and aqueous extract were used to improve acidification kinetic. Also, functional yogurt using the mixture (lactic bacteria and vine leaf powder as prebiotic) was prepared. Results: The main results demonstrate that, the vine leaf powder contains high-value components such as salts with a high k/Na ratio, fatty acids (palmitic, linolenic and oleic) and bioactives (polyphenols, tannins and polysaccharides). The antimicrobial activity of these bioactive metabolites varies depending on the resistance of the strains tested. On the other hand, vine leaf TPC and polysaccharides act as an antifungal against (C. albicans and A. niger) and increase the acidification rate and consequently the growth and activity of the lactic bacteria in the yogurt, which suggests a probable prebiotic effect. Conclusions: Through this study, we have demonstrated the high content of vine leaves in several bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and polysaccharides. These compounds display an interesting antimicrobial activity and an extensive effect on the activity of lactic bacteria, which suggests a prebiotic effect. Keywords: Bioactive substances, antimicrobial activity, prebiotic, vine leaves.

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Perry, Julie, Sébastien Debuisson, and Arnaud Descôtes. "Experimental training systems in Champagne: an overview of agronomical and qualitative parameters." E3S Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001042.

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Vine implantation in Champagne is strictly regulated. Row spacing is limited to 1,50 meter and the canopy height can not exceed 1,40 m. The traditional training system is therefore characterized by narrow spaced vines. From the late eighties, different vine training systems, such as lyres, have been tested in the Champagne area. The aim is to assess their interests in the terroir of Champagne, which is characterised by its cool climate, soil profile and its customs. Whereas the lyre training showed its limits in the Champagne context, some other training systems have been implemented such as half-widely-spaced vines. These devices are characterised by a row spacing of two meters, a consistent cover crop and a canopy up to two meters. The plots are located in various places in the area and are strictly followed each year since 2006 (and 2000 for the first sites). Phenological, agronomical and ripening parameters are controlled and compared to the traditional training system plots. Experimental vinifications are done each year so that sensory analysis can be undertaken to assess the ability of these vines to produce wines with a Champagne typicality. The results of this experimental device show interesting conclusions on the agronomical behaviour of experimental widely-spaced vines in a cool climate region. Spring frost resistance, cover crop management and ripening are some elements which show differences between the reference traditional system (REF) and the widely-spaced vines (VSL).

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Pezzi, Fabio, Giorgio Ade, Francesco Bordini, and Alessandro Giunchi. "EVALUATION OF THE CUTTING FORCE ON VINE BRANCHES IN WINTER PRUNING." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 40, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2009.1.33.

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Mechanical pruning, usually integrated with manual finishing, still excites some doubts regarding the quality of the cut which appears not to be the best as precision and cleanliness. This aspect, probably conditioned by the model and the application of pruning machines, might also be affected by the characteristics of the vine branches in particular by their cutting force. In order to evaluate the cutting force on different vine type, laboratory and field trails were carried out. The experiments were set in order to evaluate this parameter during winter pruning in relation to three variables: vine type; branch size; pruning time. The results show how the cutting resistance of vine branches during vegetative rest depends on vine variety (Trebbiano 675 N Cabernet 1175 N), on the diameter of the canes (increase of force from 56 % to 86 % between the classes of diameter) and on the pruning date (26% decrease of the cutting force in the latest period for Trebbiano and Sangiovese, and 32 % for Cabernet Sauvignon). Such variations, which can be considerable, affect directly the pruning results. High values of cutting force can generate tiring of operator in manual pruning or cutting damages on the vegetation during mechanical pruning.

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Wang, Yu, Wei-Kai Chen, Xiao-Tong Gao, Lei He, Xiao-Hui Yang, Fei He, Chang-Qing Duan, and Jun Wang. "Rootstock-Mediated Effects on Cabernet Sauvignon Performance: Vine Growth, Berry Ripening, Flavonoids, and Aromatic Profiles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020401.

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Rootstocks are widely used in viticulture due to their resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, rootstocks can affect vine growth and berry quality. This study evaluated the effects of eight rootstocks (101-14, 110R, 5A, 5BB, Ganzin 1, Harmony, Riparia Gloire, and SO4) on the vine growth, berry ripening, and flavonoids and aromatic profiles of Cabernet Sauvignon in two consecutive seasons (2015–2016). With few exceptions, minor differences were observed among grafted and own-rooted vines. Own-rooted vines produced the least pruning weight but the highest yield. 101-14, 5BB, and SO4 slightly reduced total soluble solids, but increased acidity, showing tendencies for retarding maturation. Ganzin 1 inhibited the accumulation of flavan-3-ols in berry skins. Furthermore, concentrations and proportions of epicatechin-3-O-galate were decreased by rootstocks, except for 110R. 5A, Harmony, and Riparia Gloire enhanced flavonol concentrations. SO4 slightly decreased most of the individual anthocyanin concentrations. With respect to volatile compounds, 110R, Riparia Gloire, and SO4 induced reductions in concentrations of total esters, whilst 101-14, Ganzin 1, 110R, and 5BB led to increases in the concentrations of C13-norisoprenoids. Therefore, with respect to the negative effects of SO4 on berry ripening and the accumulation of anthocyanin and volatile esters, SO4 is not recommended in practice.

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Kousik, Chandrasekar S., Scott Adkins, William W. Turechek, and Pamela D. Roberts. "Sources of Resistance in U.S. Plant Introductions to Watermelon Vine Decline Caused by Squash Vein Yellowing Virus." HortScience 44, no. 2 (April 2009): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.2.256.

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Watermelon vine decline (WVD) is a new and emerging disease caused by the whitefly-transmitted squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV). The disease has become a major limiting factor in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] production in southwest and west–central Florida and is estimated to have caused more than $60 million in losses. Symptoms of WVD typically occur at or just before harvest and are manifested as sudden decline of the vines, often with a reduction in fruit quality. In this study, we present results of greenhouse and field evaluations of U.S. plant introductions (PIs) for resistance to SqVYV. Of the 218 PIs we evaluated for resistance to SqVYV, none were completely immune, but several showed varying levels of resistance and these were further evaluated in two greenhouse and field trials. Disease progress was significantly slower on the selected PIs compared with disease progress on susceptible watermelon cultivars Mickey Lee and Crimson Sweet. Moderate resistance was observed in two C. colocynthis (PI 386015 and PI 386024), a Praecitrullus fistulosus (PI 381749), and two C. lanatus var. lanatus PIs (PI 482266 and PI 392291). Variability in the resistant reaction to SqVYV within most PIs was observed. The identification of potential sources of partial resistance to SqVYV suggests that watermelon germplasm with moderate resistance can be developed by careful screening and selection of individual resistant plants within these PIs for use in breeding programs.

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Atungwu, Jonathan, O. O. Olabinjo, C. O. Eche, and I. Tijjani. "SUSCEPTIBILITY AND TOLERANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA) OF TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALIS UNDER ORGANIC CONVERSION." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-266.

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Three cultivars of Telfairia occidentalis were assessed for their resistance or otherwise to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) infection on the field. Seeds were extracted from the pods of the selected cultivars and planted on moist sawdust in nursery trays to raise seedlings for transplanting. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated thrice. Pre-plant soil samples were taken to estimate initial nematode populations. At seven days after transplanting, eggs of Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) were extracted from 60 day-old Celosia argentea and used for inoculation of the three cultivars of T. occidentalis at approximately 5000 eggs/stand. Plants were, thereafter, observed for vine length, vine girth and number of leaves from two weeks till 8 weeks after transplanting. Final soil nematode population and root gall indices were determined at 60-66 days after inoculation. Reproduction factor was determined and used along with the gall indices to rate the cultivars for resistance or susceptibility to Mi. Results showed that cultivars NHTo-020 and NHTo-030 were susceptible to root-knot nematode which implied that plants allowed nematode reproduction and also suffered yield loss while cultivar NHTo-010 was tolerant to nematode infestation meaning that nematode reproduction took place but the plant does not suffer yield loss. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in the mean vine length and number of leaf irrespective of the inoculum while effect on the vine girth was significantly variable. The inoculated plants gave significantly better vegetative growth than the naturally infested plants which indicated genetic variability in the cultivars.

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Iglesias, A., B. Pico, and F. Nuez. "A temporal genetic analysis of disease resistance genes: resistance to melon vine decline derived from Cucumis melo var. agrestis." Plant Breeding 119, no. 4 (August 2000): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00507.x.

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O. Kobayashi, Yuki, Akiko Takada, Yoshihiro Okada, Atsushi Oyanagi, and Akira Kobayashi. "Improvement of laboratory evaluating method for soil rot resistance in sweetpotato using vine cutting." Breeding Research 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1270/jsbbr.17j17.

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Beltrán, R., A. Vicent, J. García-Jiménez, and J. Armengol. "Comparative Epidemiology of Monosporascus Root Rot and Vine Decline in Muskmelon, Watermelon, and Grafted Watermelon Crops." Plant Disease 92, no. 1 (January 2008): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-1-0158.

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Disease progression and soil population dynamics of Monosporascus cannonballus ascospores were studied and compared through the entire growing season in muskmelon, watermelon, and watermelon grafted onto Cucurbita rootstock crops. In muskmelon and watermelon, there was a decrease of ascospore counts in soil from transplanting until first symptoms of vine decline were observed. This decrease probably was related to ascospore germination and subsequent root infection. Later, there was a remarkable increase of ascospore counts in a parallel way to the quick development of vine decline symptoms, which lead to plant death. In these crops, root colonization adjusted to first-order linear equations and vine decline progression best correlated with exponential and logistic models. In contrast, there were no symptoms of vine decline on grafted watermelon. Furthermore, the isolation of M. cannonballus from Cucurbita roots was considerably lower, perithecia were never observed, and ascospore soil populations remained stable. These results suggest that disease control by grafting onto genus Cucurbita seems to be related primarily by the increased resistance of its root system to infection by M. canonballus, and provide further evidence of the use of grafting as a disease management measure for this disease.

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Wolff, David W. "Differential Reaction of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Germplasm to Monosproascus Vine Decline." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 827F—827. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.827f.

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We conducted a field screen of 130 melon cultigens to identify potential sources of host-plant resistance to Monosporascus cannonballus. Seed were sown in Speedling trays with inoculated or non-inoculated media. Plants were transplanted into a field known to be highly infested with Monosporascus cannonballus. Noninoculated plots were planted in rows that were fumigated with Telone II. Cultigens were arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications in each treatment (fumigated, nonfumigated). A disease symptom rating (1 = complete death to 5 = no symptoms) was taken at 78 and 90 days post-transplanting. Disease symptoms were most severe and occurred earliest in the inoculated, nonfumigated plots. Natural infection by Monosporascus occurred in the fumigated plots as over 95% of root samples collected contained perithecia. At the second rating date, 108 of the 130 cultigens tested were classified as moderately to highly susceptible (rating < 2.5). The four most resistant genotypes had a second rating equal or close to 4.0 (`Galia', `Deltex', `Rocky Sweet', and `Charlynne'). A group of 14 genotypes showed moderate resistance with a second rating of 3.0. Included in this group were `Morning Ice', `Doublon', `Israeli', `MR-1', `Santa Clause', and `Primo'. The physiological stress of a concentrated fruit set increases severity of vine decline symptoms.

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Makam, Srinivas N., Wendy Ann Peer, Joshua J. Blakeslee, and Angus S. Murphy. "Cultural Conditions Contributing to Vine Decline Syndrome in Watermelon." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.597.

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Since the mid-1980s, a syndrome known as mature watermelon vine decline (MWVD) has had a serious effect on watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) crops in Southern Indiana. As efforts to identify a pathogen responsible for MWVD have been unsuccessful, we have examined cultural conditions that might contribute to the syndrome. Field conditions were simulated in greenhouse pot trials to assess the impact of one or more factors on watermelon growth. Alone, low organic matter, soil acidity, black plastic mulch, and liming did not significantly affect root fresh weight; however, when these conditions were combined, root fresh weight was significantly reduced. Alanap-treated watermelons in combination with simulated cultural conditions resulted in further reduction of root fresh weight and had symptoms similar to MWVD. Watermelon plants grown in Alanap-treated, aged soil (from the previous year's experiments) under combined deficient cultural conditions demonstrated increased symptoms of MWVD and susceptibility to the pathogens Rhizoctonia and Pythium spp. Alanap, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), is a preemergent herbicide that functions as an inhibitor of auxin efflux and is widely used by watermelon farmers to impede obnoxious weeds. Metabolism of Alanap in planta involves aryl amidases (aminopeptidases) that also function in defense responses. We hypothesize that negative cultural practices are likely to inhibit defense responses and watermelon resistance to residual Alanap, leading to MWVD. We suggest that MWVD incidence is increased by certain common cultural conditions and that the incidence of MWVD can be reduced by altering these cultural practices.

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KUBOTA, Naohiro, Akira KOIKE, and Kazuo SHIMAMURA. "Effects of air and root temperatures on photosynthetic activity and diffusive resistance in vine leaves." Environment Control in Biology 27, no. 3 (1989): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/ecb1963.27.65.

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26

Watt, K., J. Graham, S. C. Gordon, M. Woodhead, and R. J. Mcnicol. "Current and future transgenic control strategies to vine weevil and other insect resistance in strawberry." Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 74, no. 4 (January 1999): 409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1999.11511129.

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27

Al-Mawaali, Qais, Abdullah M. Al-Sadi, Fahad A. Al-Said, Mohammed Shafiur Rahman, Intisar Al-Zakwani, Amanat Ali, M. Al-Yahyai, and Michael L. Deadman. "Effect of grafting on resistance to vine decline disease, yield and fruit quality in muskmelon cv. Sawadi." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 23 (January 10, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol23iss0pp2-10.

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A study was conducted to evaluate graft success, resistance to vine decline disease and effect of grafting on quality and yield of muskmelon. Two field experiments, conducted in Oman, showed that muskmelon cv. Sawadi grafted on six cucurbit rootstocks gave high grafting success: 97.6-99.1% (avg. 98.6%) and 92.4-96.9% (avg. 95.3%) under field conditions in fall 2012 and spring 2013 respectively. No significant differences were observed between seasons among the six treatments and a non-grafted control in consumer preference for odor and firmness, fruit shape, flesh vitamin C, micronutrient content and TSS (sucrose %) or pH in spring 2013 (P > 0.05). The concentration of phosphorus and sodium significantly decreased in both seasons in all treatments in comparison to the control (P > 0.05). In both seasons potassium content significantly increased when Rsscih7458 and Mubyeongjangsoo rootstocks were used (P < 0.05). Strong Tosa rootstocks showed zero graft failure, high resistance to vine decline disease, high yield production and higher TSS (sucrose %) as compared to other rootstocks. Strong Tosa and Tetsukabuto rootstocks showed significantly higher consumer acceptance for rind color, flesh color and overall consumer acceptance in spring 2013 and was also less affected by seasonal changes. Results suggested that by grafting muskmelon cv. Sawadi some quality attributes may be improved in addition to the increased level of resistance to disease. However, additional trials are required to make final recommendations for the farming community.

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Al-Mawaali, Qais, Abdullah M. Al-Sadi, Fahad A. Al-Said, Mohammed Shafiur Rahman, Intisar Al-Zakwani, Amanat Ali, M. Al-Yahyai, and Michael L. Deadman. "Effect of grafting on resistance to vine decline disease, yield and fruit quality in muskmelon cv. Sawadi." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 23, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol23iss1pp2-10.

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A study was conducted to evaluate graft success, resistance to vine decline disease and effect of grafting on quality and yield of muskmelon. Two field experiments, conducted in Oman, showed that muskmelon cv. Sawadi grafted on six cucurbit rootstocks gave high grafting success: 97.6-99.1% (avg. 98.6%) and 92.4-96.9% (avg. 95.3%) under field conditions in fall 2012 and spring 2013 respectively. No significant differences were observed between seasons among the six treatments and a non-grafted control in consumer preference for odor and firmness, fruit shape, flesh vitamin C, micronutrient content and TSS (sucrose %) or pH in spring 2013 (P > 0.05). The concentration of phosphorus and sodium significantly decreased in both seasons in all treatments in comparison to the control (P > 0.05). In both seasons potassium content significantly increased when Rsscih7458 and Mubyeongjangsoo rootstocks were used (P < 0.05). Strong Tosa rootstocks showed zero graft failure, high resistance to vine decline disease, high yield production and higher TSS (sucrose %) as compared to other rootstocks. Strong Tosa and Tetsukabuto rootstocks showed significantly higher consumer acceptance for rind color, flesh color and overall consumer acceptance in spring 2013 and was also less affected by seasonal changes. Results suggested that by grafting muskmelon cv. Sawadi some quality attributes may be improved in addition to the increased level of resistance to disease. However, additional trials are required to make final recommendations for the farming community.

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29

Casanova-Gascón, José, Carla Ferrer-Martín, Antonio Bernad-Eustaquio, Andrea Elbaile-Mur, José M. Ayuso-Rodríguez, Sergio Torres-Sánchez, Adrián Jarne-Casasús, and Pablo Martín-Ramos. "Behavior of Vine Varieties Resistant to Fungal Diseases in the Somontano Region." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 10, 2019): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110738.

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The vine is highly susceptible to numerous fungal diseases, the incidence and severity of which are increasing because of climate change. To fight them, large amounts of phytosanitary products are generally used, although they entail important economic and environmental costs. The new fungus resistant vine varieties (PIWI) constitute one of the most active lines of research on plant material in viticulture and are regarded as a viable solution to respond to the requirements of European Directive 2009/128/EC. In the present work, the evolution and impact of the three main fungal diseases (powdery mildew, downy mildew and botrytis bunch rot) were monitored in plots in the Somontano region (Huesca, Spain), comparing three PIWI varieties (Sauvignon Kretos, Souvignier gris and Muscaris) with a susceptible control variety (Sauvignon blanc) in real field growing conditions over three successive years (2016–2018). The main ampelographic characters of each variety were studied and a weekly follow-up was carried out to track the development of each disease, relating it to climatic variables. Regardless of the climatic conditions (one of the growing seasons was rainy and the other two corresponded to dry years, with differences in the distribution of rainfall), the three PIWI varieties hardly presented any symptoms, demonstrating a high resistance to downy mildew and powdery mildew and even to botrytis. Principal component analysis results pointed to a differential behavior versus the control and treated Sauvignon blanc plants in terms of disease resistance. Based on production results, despite the youth of the plantation, the excellent potential of Sauvignon Kretos variety was observed. However, from the analysis of the quality of wine obtained in microvinifications from these fungus resistant varieties in the second and third year, the one obtained from Muscaris seemed to have the best organoleptic properties. Apart from environmental considerations, given that these fungus resistant varieties can significantly contribute to the sustainability of wineries, they may also respond to the demand of consumers who want zero-pesticide products or of the supporters of ecological products adjusted to European regulations.

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Talekar, N. S., and Ko Wen Cheng. "Nature of Damage and Sources of Resistance to Sweetpotato Vine Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Sweet Potato." Journal of Economic Entomology 80, no. 4 (August 1, 1987): 788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/80.4.788.

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31

Maragal, Siddharood, K. Arpitha, Muttanna Revadi, Sourav Mahapatra, K. N. Avinash, G. M. Sandeepkumar, and Eguru Sreenivasa Rao. "Genetic analysis of partial resistance to vine decline in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum&Nakai]." Indian Phytopathology 73, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42360-020-00197-z.

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32

Vişan, Luminiţa, Ricuţa Dobrinoiu, and Silvana Dănăilă-Guidea. "The Agrobiological Study, Technological and Olfactometry of Some Vine Varieties with Biological Resistance in Southern Romania." Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 6 (2015): 623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2015.08.105.

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33

Doss, R. P., C. H. Shanks, T. M. Sjulin, and J. K. L. Garth. "Evaluation of some Fragaria chiloensis x (F. X ananassa) seedlings for resistance to black vine weevil." Scientia Horticulturae 48, no. 3-4 (November 1991): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(91)90131-h.

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34

Nenko, Nataliya Ivanovna, Galina Konstantinovna Kiseleva, Irina Anatolyevna Ilina, Viktoria Viktorovna Sokolova, and Natalia Mikhailovna Zaporozhets. "DYNAMICS OF THE CONTENT OF PHENOLIC SUBSTANCES IN THE GRAPE VINE IN RELATION TO WINTER RESISTANCE." Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia 1, no. 67 (January 20, 2021): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-162-176.

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35

Park, S. J. "Response of bush and upright plant type selections to white mold and seed yield of common beans grown in various row widths in southern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-041.

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White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is an important disease in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production areas. It reduces seed yield and lowers the quality of beans. Development of the disease is thought to be affected by plant canopy type (architecture), and by genetic resistance. This study determined the effect of plant type and row width on white mold and seed yield. Three short bush/vine and four semi-determinate upright genotypes were tested in narrow (30 cm) and wide (60 and 80 cm) rows for 2 yr in a field prone to white mold development. Incidence and disease index increased as row width became narrower. The upright type was infected less than the short bush type. Ex Rico 23, which is a short vine, open canopy type, was moderately resistant to the mold. A tall upright selection, A55, showed the lowest mold infection; it was significantly less than that of Ex Rico 23. Seed yield of all genotypes increased as row width decreased even though there was an increase in white mold incidence. Stiff-strawed upright types had less lodging. To reduce white mold, cultivars should have lodging resistance, narrow canopied upright plant type and genetic resistance. Development of the upright plant types allows for narrow-row production and direct combining. Key words: Dry edible bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, white mold, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, plant type, row width, seed yield

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36

Kousik, Chandrasekar S., Scott Adkins, William W. Turechek, Craig G. Webster, and Pamela D. Roberts. "392291-VDR, a Watermelon Germplasm Line with Resistance to Squash vein yellowing virus-caused Watermelon Vine Decline." HortScience 47, no. 12 (December 2012): 1805–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.12.1805.

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37

Luo, Liehong, Naoki Mizusawa, and Takashi Yamashita. "Heat Resistance in Photosynthesis of Sorrel Vine(Cayratia japonica(Thunb.)Gagn.) Leaf, Chloroplasts and Photosystem II Particles." Journal of Weed Science and Technology 43, no. 3 (1998): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.43.220.

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38

Huh, Yun-Chan, Du-Hyun Kim, Sang-Gyu Lee, Kyoung-Sub Park, Dong-Kum Park, Young-Hoe Woo, and Jung-Myung Lee. "(198) Growth and Development of Watermelon Plants Grafted onto Citrullus Rootstocks Selected for Disease Resistance at Two Temperature Regimes." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1053E—1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1053e.

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Growth response of `Sambok Honey' watermelon grafted onto different rootstocks, including four Citrullus rootstocks and three other cucurbitaceous rootstocks, was evaluated at low and normal temperature regimes. Marked reduction in plant growth rate was observed in plants grown at low temperatures as compared to those grown at normal or optimal temperatures. Relative growth reduction rates were 40% to 48% for vine length, 39% to 51% for total leaf area, 37% to 60% for shoot fresh weight, and 50% to 79% for shoot dry weight, respectively. Watermelon rootstock PI 482322 showed comparable plant growth as the most popular rootstock (Shintozwa pumpkin) even at low temperatures. `Sambok Honey' watermelon grafted onto watermelon hybrids `PI 271969 × PI 296341' and `PI 271769 × Calhoun Gray', showed comparable plant growth as FR Dantos bottle gourd rootstock. Index of growth ability at low temperature (IGALT), which was calculated on the basis of reduced rate of vine length, dry weight, and leaf area, was comparatively high in C. martinezii, Shintozwa, PI 482322, and `PI 271769 × PI 296341' rootstocks (50% or higher) and lowest in own-rooted `Sambok Honey' or in watermelon plants on `Knight' rootstock. Watermelon hybrids `PI 271969 × PI 296341' and `PI 271769 × Calhoun Gray' exhibited better or at least comparable growth at low temperatures as compared to `FR Dantos', thus confirming the feasibility of using watermelon rootstocks even in winter greenhouse conditions.

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39

McKenzie, Scott W., Adam J. Vanbergen, Rosemary S. Hails, T. Hefin Jones, and Scott N. Johnson. "Reciprocal feeding facilitation between above- and below-ground herbivores." Biology Letters 9, no. 5 (October 23, 2013): 20130341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0341.

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Interspecific interactions between insect herbivores predominantly involve asymmetric competition. By contrast, facilitation, whereby herbivory by one insect benefits another via induced plant susceptibility, is uncommon. Positive reciprocal interactions between insect herbivores are even rarer. Here, we reveal a novel case of reciprocal feeding facilitation between above-ground aphids ( Amphorophora idaei ) and root-feeding vine weevil larvae ( Otiorhynchus sulcatus ), attacking red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus ). Using two raspberry cultivars with varying resistance to these herbivores, we further demonstrate that feeding facilitation occurred regardless of host plant resistance. This positive reciprocal interaction operates via an, as yet, unreported mechanism. Specifically, the aphid induces compensatory growth, possibly as a prelude to greater resistance/tolerance, whereas the root herbivore causes the plant to abandon this strategy. Both herbivores may ultimately benefit from this facilitative interaction.

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Webster, Craig G., Chandrasekar S. Kousik, William W. Turechek, Susan E. Webb, Pamela D. Roberts, and Scott Adkins. "Squash vein yellowing virus Infection of Vining Cucurbits and the Vine Decline Response." Plant Disease 97, no. 9 (September 2013): 1149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-13-0076-re.

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The responses of a diverse group of vining cucurbits to inoculation with Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) were determined. For the first time, Cucurbita maxima, Cucumis dipsaceus, and Cucumis metuliferus were observed to develop necrosis and plant death similar to the SqVYV-induced vine decline in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus). The majority of cucurbits inoculated, however, either exhibited no symptoms of infection, or developed relatively mild symptoms such as vein yellowing of upper, noninoculated leaves. All inoculated plants were sectioned and tested for the presence of SqVYV. The virus was widely distributed in mature, fruit-bearing cucurbits with over 72% of plant sections testing positive for SqVYV by tissue-blot and/or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Plants of several cucurbits, including a wild citron (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides), were symptomless and had a decreased frequency of virus infection of vine segments compared to susceptible vining cucurbits, indicating a higher level of resistance. However, no significant relationship between the frequency of infection or virus distribution within plants and the symptom response was observed. These results demonstrate that a diverse group of cucurbits may decline when infected with SqVYV, and suggest that widespread distribution of virus within the plant is not the sole cause of decline.

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Adenan, Harun Alrasyid, Muhammad Irfa'i, and Isnawati Isnawati. "Efektifitas Larvasida Nabati dalam Membunuh Larva Aedes Spp." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v15i1.79.

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Effectiveness of Vegetable Larvacide in Killing Aedes Spp. Larvae. DHF (Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever) is caused by Aedes spp. vector. Controlling of this disease has used chemist or insecticide. The insecticide for killed larva Aedes spp. is abate. Using insecticide for a while can make vector has resistance. Base on the fact, we need subtances alternative of controlling which can degredable it’s from naturall like garlic (Allium sativum), papaya (Carica papaya) core and piper betle. This research aimed for efectivities of larvacide garlic, papaya core and betel vine. This research is a true experimental, used toxicity experiment standart. Result both LC99 and Toxid Unit (TU) of larvacide garlic is 7,7 gr/L and 26,88. Larvacide papaya core is 10,22 gr/L and 16,33. Larvacide vine betel is 74,4 gr/L and 2,65. Decided of larvacides which efectivest are compared TU value that higher. Based on TU values, larvacide which efectivest and can aplicate for killing larva is garlic. Larvacide of garlic can use in places that contain water which difficult to drained or washed.

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42

O RUAN, FANGTAO, CHENGLONG XIA, LI YANG, ZHENZHEN XU, and FEIYAN TAO. "Effect of filaments diameter on the mechanical properties of wrap hybrid CFRP." Industria Textila 72, no. 02 (April 22, 2021): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.072.02.1733.

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In this paper, the vine-like structure of carbon bundles was designed through polyester fibre wrapping for better mechanical properties. The effect of wrapped hybrid structure and diameters of polyester fibre on the mechanical properties of carbon-polyester fibre/epoxy unidirectional composites was investigated experimentally. Five kinds of specimens with different polyester filament diameters were produced. The impact, tensile and unidirectional compressive properties of WHC (Wrap Hybrid Composite) were measured. Experimental results show that: it can be developed with strength and toughness properties far superior to those of their constituents, the compressive fracture morphology of specimens indicated that the fracture patterns of composites depend on wrapped hybrid structure, polyester fibres with higher tensile strengths provide better impact resistance, while thinner wrapping fibres enhance the compression properties of the composite material more effectively. The diameter of the wrapping fibre should be optimized as per the application of the composite material. The vine-like structure can provide a new design method for the structural design of continue fibre reinforced composite materials.

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43

Wolters, Petra J., and Wanda W. Collins. "SCREENING FOR STREPTOMYCES SOIL ROT RESISTANCE IN SWEETPOTATO." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 261D—261. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.261d.

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Streptomyces soil rot or pox, caused by the actinomycete Streptomyces ipomoea, is a destructive root disease of sweetpotato. Evaluation for resistance to S. ipomoea in naturally infested fields, requires much space and results may vary from year to year. In this study a greenhouse method for evaluating the response of sweetpotato clones to infection with S. ipomoea was developed. The greenhouse method used fibrous roots, developed on terminal vine cuttings. Experiments showed no time by clone interaction, indicating that this method gave consistent results when repeated. A study to determine corrrelation between field resistance of clones and resistance as found by the greenhouse method was done. Thirty-nine clones were screened for resistance using the greenhouse method and were also planted in a field naturally infested with S. ipomoea. Severity of disease on fibrous roots (greenhouse method) and on storage roots (field method) was evaluated visually using a scale of 0 to 5 (0: no symptoms. 5: severe symptoms). Although correlations between data from the greenhouse and field methods were low lo moderate (r=0.17 to 0.49). extremely susceptible or resistant clones were identified as such by both methods. These results suggest that it is possible to select clones with high resistance to S. ipomoea using the greenhouse method, which provides a better controlled environment, and requires less space than field evaluations.

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Mutschler, Martha A., Edward D. Cobb, Barbara E. Liedl, and Joseph A. Shapiro. "Breeding for Acylsugar-mediated Multiple-pest Resistance in Cultivated Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 801C—801. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.801c.

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Acylsugar mediates the resistance of Lycopersicon pennellii LA716 to several important insect pests of cultivated tomato, including potato aphid, green peach aphid, leaf miner, fruitworm, armyworm, and silverleaf whitefly. Incorporation of acylsugar-mediated multiple pest resistance could result in a significant reduction in the use of pesticidal sprays in cultivated tomato. Development of a reliable assay for acylsugar production and confirmation of the association between the resistance and acylsugars allowed us to try to breed for the trait by selecting for acylsugar-producing plants. The breeding cycle allows us to progress by one backcross generation per year. The breeding program was faced by several challenges, including interference in gene transfer by interspecific crossing barriers, and the oligogenic nature of the acylsugar-mediated resistance trait. Despite these challenges, the breeding program has produced BC3F2 plants that produce effective levels of acylsugars, are tomato-like in vine appearance, and produce seed-bearing fruit in the field without manual pollination. The current status of the program and future plans will be discussed.

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Castro, Gabriel, Gorka Perpiñá, Cristina Esteras, Josep Armengol, Belén Picó, and Ana Pérez‐de‐Castro. "Resistance in melon to Monosporascus cannonballus and M. eutypoides : Fungal pathogens associated with Monosporascus root rot and vine decline." Annals of Applied Biology 177, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aab.12590.

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46

Dias, R. de C. S., B. Pico, A. Espinos, and F. Nuez. "Resistance to melon vine decline derived from Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis: genetic analysis of root structure and root response." Plant Breeding 123, no. 1 (February 2004): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00944.x.

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47

Wehner, Todd C., and Paul C. St. Amand. "Field Tests for Cucumber Resistance to Gummy Stem Blight in North Carolina." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.327.

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Gummy stem blight [Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm] is the second most important pathogen of field-grown cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) in North Carolina and a severe problem for greenhouse-grown cucumbers worldwide. To determine whether resistance exists under North Carolina field conditions, 83 cultigens [cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introduction (PI) accessions] were evaluated in the field for 4 years for their resistance to a mixture of D. bryoniae isolates. Plants were inoculated at the vine tip-over stage and rated for foliar lesion size and number. Cultigens identified as resistant in Wisconsin and The Netherlands were not resistant in North Carolina. When averaged over years and locations, the most resistant C. sativus cultigens were PI 164433, `Slice', PI 390264, M 17, and M 12. Several accessions of related Cucumis species were highly resistant: PI 299568 (C. myriocarpus Naud.), PI 282450 (C. zeyheri Sond.), PI 299572 (C. myriocarpus), and PI 233646 (C. anguria L.). The most susceptible cultivars were `Colet', `Meresto', `Supergreen', `Dura', `Pioneer', `Marketmore 76', `Pickmore', and `Addis'. `Calypso' and `Dasher II', popular cultivars in North Carolina, were moderately susceptible.

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Bohac, J. R., P. D. Dukes, A. Jones, J. M. Schalk, H. F. Harrison, S. C. Charleston, and M. G. Hamilton. "450 PB 291 CAROLINA BUNCH, A SWEETPOTATO FOR HOME GARDENS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 495f—495. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.495f.

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Carolina Bunch is a sweetpotato cultivar that combines high yield, excellent flavor and appearance with multiple pathogen and pest resistances. It is ideal for home or market gardens, because of its short vine and bunch habit that allow for production of high yields in a limited space. The roots are fusiform with uniform shape and a smooth, bright, light copper skin and dark orange flesh. When baked, the roots have a smooth texture and are sweet, moist and have excellent flavor and appearance. This sweetpotato can be grown virtually without pesticides. It has very high levels of resistances to southern root knot and other species of nematodes, Fusarium wilt, feathery mottle virus, sclerotial blight in plant beds, and Streptomyces soil rot. It has good resistance to many soil insects including several species of wireworm, Diabrotica, Systena, and flea beetles. In the southern US, it yields better than `Jewel' in a growing season of 110-120 days. Foundation roots are available in limited quantities from South Carolina Foundation Seed Association, Inc, 1162 Cherry Hill Rd, Clemson SC 29634-0393.

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Magunacelaya, J. C., R. Mancilla, and S. González-Bernal. "Reduced Meloidogyne ethiopica Parasitism in Vitis vinifera Grafted on Six Resistant Rootstocks Under Field and Greenhouse Conditions." Plant Disease 101, no. 6 (June 2017): 924–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-16-1162-re.

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Meloidogyne ethiopica, an aggressive nematode, causes significant economic losses to Vitis crops. Rootstocks can successfully manage phytoparasitic nematodes. However, no studies exist on M. ethiopica-resistant rootstocks under field conditions. This study assessed the resistance of six Vitis rootstocks to M. ethiopica under field and greenhouse conditions. The number of galls and eggs in vine roots, quantity of second stage juveniles and males in 250 ml of soil, root weight, and shoot weight were determined for the Harmony, SO4, 101-14 MG, 110R, 3309C, and Kober 5BB rootstocks, and the own-root Chardonnay variety as a control. In the field, Harmony, SO4, 101-14 MG, Kober 5BB, and 110R were highly resistant to nematode parasitism and reproduction. In turn, 3309C was the least resistant rootstock. In the greenhouse, all rootstocks similarly limited M. ethiopica attack and reproduction. In both conditions, Chardonnay was the most susceptible vine to nematode attack, with high quantities of galls, eggs, and nematode reproduction. In conclusion, most of the evaluated rootstocks reduced M. ethiopica parasitism. Harmony, SO4, 101-14 MG, 110R, and Kober 5BB rootstocks are options for vineyard use, with final selection dependent on winegrower requirements.

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Süle, S., and T. J. Burr. "The effect of resistance of rootstocks to crown gall (Agrobacterium spp.) on the susceptibility of scions in grape vine cultivars." Plant Pathology 47, no. 1 (February 1998): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00205.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vine resistance'

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