Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Villes – Picardie (France) – Moyen âge'
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Sterlin-Cathébras, Marie-Émeline. "L'invention du cartulaire communal : rythmes, formes et finalités de la première cartularisation dans les communautés urbaines de Picardie (XIIIe-XIVe siècle)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/78d54989-9212-4d9a-a631-06e33273020b.
Full textBetween the mid-13th century and the first decades of the 14th century, Abbeville, Amiens, Beauvais, Saint-Quentin and Senlis, five cities of the south Picard area, produce a cartulary. This is a novelty, as in this area, no other urban community had previously written such books. However, despite the interest that this type of manuscript raised in the movement of historiographical renewal related to written work and documents, few studies have been conducted on these cartularies. This thesis places them at the center of analysis and raises the question of the motives and methods of the invention of cartularies in the Picard municipalities at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. This thesis is based on a double corpus, at the heart are the cartularies produced by the urban Picard communities during medieval times. An additional corpus comprising the charters, the series of accounts and the municipal books held in the municipal archives, informs these cartularies by other sources and replaces them in the documentary system of each city. The approach replaces the invention of the municipal cartulary in a longer history of cartularisation in Picardy, shaped by three main waves of cartulary composition in the Middle Ages. The codicological analysis of the cartularies from the five cities enables their different writing phases to be defined and situated in time. The analysis also reveals the culture and written practice of the city clerks, shedding light upon some copying methods and the tension between compilation and recording. It appears that the invention of cartularies proceeds from the implementation of a new relationship with written texts from the mid-13th century. The cartularies are one of the most visible aspects of this increasing number of documents. Comparing cartulary with other municipal documentary systems places in perspective the degree of novelty it represents, but it also underlines its ambivalent place, between a book and a practical record. The invention of municipal cartularies occurs in a time of social tensions as well as strong political and institutional changes. This time is marked by the suspension of the municipalities and by the weakening of the elite. In a context of legal revision and of an increasing importance of written proof, the municipal elite uses cartularies to gather copies of documents vouching for their rights. Their intention is to create an inventory of rights which could be used in legal defense. The cartularies demonstrate the identity of municipal cities, a power in its own right, in dialogue with the king
Brunel, Ghislain. "Economie et société en Picardie méridionale (Soissonnais et Valois) du XIe au début du XIVe siècle." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010560.
Full textPreiss, Sidonie. "Exploitation des ressources végétales et pratiques alimentaires dans le Nord de la France entre les Xème et XIIème siècles : études carpologiques de la motte castrale de Boves (Amiens, Somme) et des sites environnants." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0024.
Full textArchaeobotanical investigations of Medieval sites in Northern France have provided charred and mineralised plant remains. Despite some taphonomical constraints of the different preservation of these plant assemblages, archaebotanical analysis revealed valuable information on the diet, the agriculture and the horticultural production of the medieval population in Northern France between 10th and 12th century AD. Fruit are very abundant and attest a wide-spread fructiculture. Questions like cultivations of "wild forest fruits" or the imported or cultivated status from the figs are asked. The potential of archaeobotanical indicators of social level is to be discussed from the food practices and the diet. Finally, the mineralization process is approached and its induction by practices of purification within latrines/ pits garbage dump is suggested
Sintic, Bruno. "Petites villes de Normandie : Pont-Audemer, Harfleur, Louviers, Neufchâtel, villes secondaires de la région de Rouen 1450-1550." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUEL500.
Full textThe end of the Hundred War represents a turning point in the history of Norman towns. Our purpose was to describe the situation of the small towns at that time and their evolution until 1550, particulary of four of them that keep rather abundant archives : Pont-Audemer, Harfleur, Louviers, Neufchâtel. Among these archives, the communal accounts reveal the tight relation that existed between small towns and royal power. The French crown supported with its own money their reconstruction. The kings will was to rebuild town walls, that provided defence and protection in the face of always threatening enemies. A better security ensures the recovery of the economic activities and a new welfare for the inhabitants. Therefore, towns become sources of tax income again. The documents inform us about the towns political institutions. A treasurer, th "receveur", and a town representative, the "procureur des habitants" were chosen by assemblies of inhabitants. In these small town there were also royal agents. Then regular relations and daily collaboration joined secondary towns to the French Crown. We can see how the "bourgeois" make use of the town money. Build the town walls, rebuild the economic substructures (bridge, mills, roads, halls), organize official receptions are the most important occasions of spending. By the way, one can estimate the organisation of building sites and the evolution of the town landscape. Notary registers of Louviers and Neufchâtel allow to describe the economic activities and social groups. The small towns kept tight relationships with their rural periphery. The town is also the place where borrow money. All the small towns had economic anf financial functions. Consequently, it appeared a fortunate social class, the "bourgeois", that took control on the town power. These archives contributed to elaborate a definition of the Norman small town in the later Middle Age
Leblanc, Olivier. "Les seigneurs de Boves : origines et exercice du pouvoir en Picardie, IXe-XIIIe siècles." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0013.
Full textNeveux, François. "Villes episcopales de normandie : etudes d'histoire sociale (quatorzieme et quinzieme siecles)." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN1111.
Full textBayeux and lisieux are two former roman towns which became episcopal towns in the middle ages. They experienced a momentary growth in the eleventh or in the twelfth century. From the thirteenth century, they became small ecclesiastical towns. Bayeux built up an amazing system of eighteen parishes (compared with only three at lisieux). Both these towns had a residential area, inhabited by clerics and bourgeois, located in the former roman city. The poor areas were excluded outside the walls of the town. In the fourteenth and the fifteenth century, the population was reduced to three or four thousand inhabitants. At lisieux, the count-bishop exercised a dominating power. At bayeux, the bishop and the chapter had to conform with the royal authority, represented by the viscount. This was even more true (like at lisieux) during the english occupation. In the laic society, the bourgeois were revived at the end of the middle ages. At lisieux, where a new enclosure had been built, they managed in establishing a town government organization. The bourgeois grew richer by the farming of the taxes or the clergy's possessions. They aspired to careers as royal or episcopal officiers. They dreamt of reaching the ranks of the noble class. Some succeeded and acquired rural fiefs. The economy of both these towns was rather limited. However, the world of trades at lisieux was more dynamic : it was successfull in establishing structures. Bayeux and lisieux exercised their influence on small regions (such as bessin on one hand, pays d'auge and lieuvin on the other hand) but that one did not stretch beyond a distance of fifteen kilometers of the surrouding area
Bessey, Valérie. "Les commanderies de l'Hôpital en Picardie (XIVe - début XVIe siècle)." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040138.
Full textThe crises ot the late Middle Ages sarely tried the lordly economy. Study of the preceptories of the Hospital in Picardy from 1350 to 1500 reveal how the disruptions of the 14th to 15th centuries had repercussions on his economy (rise in the cost of running properties, destruction of fram buildings, a steep drop in the income of the domain, difficulties in meeting expenses of the preceptory and payment of contributions to the Order destined to support the war in the Orient) and drastically transformed the establishment (decline in direct administration favouring farming, the grouping of preceptories to form stronger, more homogeneous, economical units)
Peladé-Olivier, Monique. "Les stalles de Normandie, de Picardie et d'Ile-de-France à la fin du Moyen Age." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100174.
Full textFrom the wooden choir stalls of the late Middle Age, which create a special place dedicated to the canonical liturgy inside the churches, only a few scattered examples remain. Some of these, such as those in Amiens, are still in good condition. Although the position of these seats varies slightly from edifice to edifice, the internai organisation is always the saine. The numerous carved subjects that ornament them illustrate the Holy Scriptures, evoke the patron saints or describe the plentiful world of the creation in scenes from daily life or the imaginary world. The working out of an iconographie programme, though dedicated to the liturgy, is subject to various influences of which the human factor is the mort important including consideration of prestige. Each image nevertheless combines with the others to form a coherent whole inside the stalls that then incorporates with the various images located around the choir and the sanctuary
Levasseur, Aurelle. "Droit de l'urbanisme et domaine de la ville médiévale : XIIIe-XVe siécles." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020056.
Full textLabrecque, Claire. "LA CHAPELLE DU SAINT-ESPRIT DE RUE, PICARDIE. Étude historique, architecturale et iconographique d'un monument de la fin du Moyen Âge." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25723/25723_1.pdf.
Full textFache, Micheline. "Structure des chevets plats en Picardie du XIIe s. Au XIVe s." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040261.
Full textBéghin-Le, Gourriérec Cécile. "Le rôle économique des femmes dans les villes de la sénéchaussée de Beaucaire à la fin du moyen âge (XIVe-XVe siécle)." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0107.
Full textHueda-Tanabe, Yuki. "Le fait urbain en Champagne au Moyen Âge : étude de 15 agglomérations en Champagne méridionale." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010654.
Full textEl, Mahmoudi Ahmed. "Les villes de la Garonne bordelaise au Moyen âge : Rions, Cadillac,Langon et Saint-Macaire." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30053.
Full textMichaud, Claire. "Communautés d'habitants et pouvoir seigneurial au Moyen-Âge : l'exemple de Manosque aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29168.
Full textTheurot, Jacky. "La société d'une ville comtoise, capitale des ducs Valois : Dôle de 1369 à 1493." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOL005.
Full textBorn from the castle of an earl circa 1000, Dôle obtained her liberties in 1274. She had then the fate of the county, granted by Otton IV to Philip the fair for his son. If as well as in the whole western Europe, she suffered from plague and war, both the coming to the county of marguerite of France in 1361, and her niece's wedding to Philip the bold in 1369, altered her fate. As the province got organized, dole became the heart of an important treasury and the parliament convened there on regular sessions from 1377 on. Philip the bold and even more Philip the good, turned it into the main town of the county, in 1422 the town was the center of a new bailiwick, then in 1423 the seat where there was the university of both burgundies. Then an urban elite formed around lawyers and financial men of whom the best known were from the families Vurry, Carondelet, Basan, Chassey, Toubin, and some others. The urban sites issuing from the prince's wille - halls, butchers' hall, parliament house let appear the world of handicraft, whereas the huge merchants (Fremy, Gyot, Du Champ. . . ), tax-farmers of bannal revenues (scrivening, provostship, mills, bake-houses, toll, butcher's hall. . . ), trade's actors, made up together with lawyers a merging group acquiring nobility and seigneuries. The chapter of Notre-Dame, established by the prince in 1304, ruled over the community of priests, and animated the only parish of the town, whereas the Franciscan friars' convent, in the track of St Colette, played a big part in the bosom of observance. Besieged and sacked by louis xi armies, in may 1479, Dôle achieved under Charles VIII, by the action of her town council, supported by Guillaume of Rochefort, the status of a chief town. Her rebuilding was well under way, when the Senlis treaty was signed in 1493
Louart, Agnès. "Dol-de-Bretagne, un espace politque [sic] fortifié au Moyen-Âge." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28497.
Full textDurix-Pepke, Hannelore. "Les contacts entre la ville et la campagne aux XIVe et XVe siècles : le marché de Dijon." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOL018.
Full textThanks to extremely rich archives (from the ducal administration, abbeys and notaries) the Dijon region is an exceptional area to observe urban-rural relationship in the late middle ages. The borders of this study can be reasonably fixed as those of the "bailliage" of Dijon space and within the period from 1315 to the middle of the 15th c. In time. The geographic and administrative description of the bailliage, of its population and economic infrastructures as well as of the city of Dijon and its immediate surroundings give the necessary background to the understanding of events and economic phenomena. The 1st part describes the most stable elements of urban-rural relations : the primary exchange economy, rooted in economic links founded on seigneurial economy and articulated around the weekly markets and - less important - the Dijon fairs. Part 2 is a study of the most developped aspects of economic exchange between town and countryside - belonging to a type of capitalist economy as it is established at Dijon in the ist half of the 14th c. , caracterized by a strong articulation with the exportation of wool, wheat and wine and by a great variety of credit ("baux à cheptel" or lease of livestock; term sales) - and of the way this regional economic system was dismantled by the "calamities" of the period. It finishes with an attempt to establish a balance of this "negative" movement which gave birth to a social crisis in the world of wine growing. Part 3 tries to fetch the opposite movement : a reconstruction with limited effects and a renewam founded on local urban consumption rather than on exportation (except for wine) as well as on an economy which had become more complex by the creation of the ducal tax system. The Dijon region, more dominated than dominating towards the outside world, then appears under certain aspects (e. G. The management of the temporal of St. Benigne's abbey) as capable of a remarkably modern way of thinking
Simiz, Stefano. "Le rôle des confréries dans la dévotion des villes épiscopales de Champagne (Reims, Châlons, Troyes) : vers 1450 - vers 1830." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN21039.
Full textBlary, François. "Château-Thierry : des comtes de Vermandois aux ducs de Bouillon : contribution à l'étude des phénomènes urbains." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010536.
Full textTeyssot, Josiane. "Riom, capitale et bonne ville d'Auvergne : 1212-1557." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR2012.
Full textRiom partially became the capital of the Auvergne after the conquest of the county by king Philip Augustus in 1212. The town expanded as it was the seat of the capetian administration. Alphonse de Poitiers's "apanage", 1241-1271, proved to be essential. The brother of king saint louis organized this administration, the inhabitants were chartered liberties in 1270, news districts were parcelled out, and he had the castle and the urban enclosure rebuilt. The second "apanage", that of Jean de Berry, from 1360 to 1416, brought a second climax, but in time of crisis, due to the successive plagues, the hundred years war, the impoverishment and depopulation. Provincial states and such "bonnes villes" as Riom, tried to alleviate those calamities. Three rival yet complementary towns ruled over the area and formed the capitals's trilogy: Clermont, Montferrand, Riom. The Riom society developed from trade to judicature, which was reflected in the evolution of the communal institutions in the fifteenth century. Then the dukes Anne and Pierre de Beaujeu contributed to the revival of the late XVth century
Delas, Raphaële. "Aimé et Louis Duthoit, derniers imagiers du Moyen âge : un atelier de création et de restauration de sculpture médiévale à Amiens au XIXe siècle (1820-1870)." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0013.
Full textPetrowiste, Judicaël. "Naissance et essor d’un espace d’échanges au Moyen Âge : le réseau des bourgs marchands du Midi toulousain (XIe-milieu du XIVe siècle)." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20042.
Full textBetween the beginning of the XIth and the middle of the XIVth century, all of the West was covered by a network of small market towns that have left a lasting imprint on present day landscapes. Because of the important diffusion of these towns in its regional space in which bastides still constitute a physical mark, and because of the relative richness of its documentary sources, the Midi toulousain region furnishes the historian with a privileged framework for analizing the origins of this phenomenon, its forms and its place in the context of economic expansion that characterized the Latin world of the time. The thesis shows that it was in the course of the XIth century, in close relationship with the advent of the seigneurial system, that the bourg appeared in the sense defined by Fernand Braudel, with its controlling functions, and especially the commercial ones, over the nearby countryside. Thanks to the concentration of the population and of their activities in prosperous small economic units closely subjected to feudal prerogatives, these towns allowed the new potentes to channel contemporary commercial dynamism to their advantage. For the same reason, the reaffirmation of princely authorities was made possible in the second half of the XIIth century by the deploying of vast territorial policies that were based on the multiplication of market towns which, in virtue of changes begun with the founding of Montauban in 1144, continuously developed the commercial specificity that made their success. The flowering of these small centers during the entire period and in all of the territory under study, the vigor of their trade, all point to a constant reinforcement of the commercial practices of rural inhabitants and furthered domanial projects. The construction of a regional exchange economy that was helped by the rise of manufacturing and commercial activities in bourgs and their growing role in extralocal exchange networks all contributed to the multiplication of opportunities for local peasantry to sale its productions. The expansion of local markets was thus an important regulator of rural economic equilibrium, that came to be affirmed as one of the keys to the perennity of growth. This was all the more true when the generalization of commercial production became one of the ways to remedy the consequences of the population growth in the countryside induced by the limits on the possibilities of extending agricultural land. One thus observes a real summit of a regional commercial network in the last third of the XIIIth century. Then, one can see a dense and hierarchical network of cities, bourgs and villages with complementary commercial functions, that is structured by a complex web of mercantile interrelationships. This remarkable commercial space, whose organization can be seen through the cycles of fairs and markets that emerge, that were promoted and managed by authorities, is the proof that the medieval economy, by the very virtue of its agrarian base, had then become an economy of markets
Gil, Marc. "Du Maître du Mansel au Maître de Rambures, le milieu des peintres et des enlumineurs de Picardie, ca. 1400-1480." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040202.
Full textBorderie, Quentin. "L'espace urbain entre Antiquité et Moyen Age : analyse géoarchéologique des terres noires : études de cas." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010689.
Full textBachelier, Julien. "Villes et villages de Haute-Bretagne : les réseaux de peuplement (XIe‐XIIIe siècles)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20027.
Full textWestern France, and particularly Brittany, are reputed for the great dispersion of their inhabitations (such as isolated farms and hamlets) and the modesty of their agglomerations (market towns, villages and towns). Our research aims to improve the understanding of the expansion, development and hierarchical organization of the latter in Upper-Brittany during 11th–13th centuries. For this purpose, we have taken some geographical models and theories (networks, central places and centrality), put them in perspective to the studied period, and applied them to the entire inhabitation system. In order to surpass the division between urban and rural history - not very relevant for Upper-Brittany, especially in the 11th century - we have biased our study so as to comprise settlements of all sorts, cities as well as isolated homes, thus allowing us to analyze the connections between them all. Following this, we have established a hierarchy of the centres, enabling us to understand how all the settlements interacted. As far as possible - relying on textual and archaeological sources as well asmorphological analysis - we have tried to assess the dynamics which allowed certain localities to emerge, before putting them back into their socio-economic context. Often described as the period in which the second citynetwork was born, the 11th-13th centuries proved to be more complex once all settlements were taken into account. On all levels (county, diocese, manors, parishes), centres were embedded and networks gradually emanated. Circa 1300 the networking broke in comparison with that of the year one thousand, however it maintained a very strong stability thereafter
Bordes, François. "Formes et enjeux d'une mémoire urbaine au bas Moyen Age : le premier "Livre des Histoires" de Toulouse (1295-1532)." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20105.
Full textThe "livre des histoires" was originally intended to be an official record of the annual elections of the city's consuls, though from the 15th century on it includes notes and accounts of historical events as well as being embellished with illuminations. Unfortunately it was almost completely destroyed as the result of revolutionary fervour in 1793. The first part of this thesis lists the principal stages of the work's development, identifies the contributors and details the contents. The second part attempts to reconstitute the collection, with an index of the capitouls and officers named therein. In the third part and final part, the "livre des histoires" is considered in the context first of the entire corpus of European historic literacy dating from the period, then of the other exhibits of written records preserved by the municipal chancery in Toulouse. A close study of the contents clearly shows that it was intended as a record of and for the capitouls alone. The thesis closes with a sociological analysis of the "caste" from which the city's capitouls were drawn, demonstrating how unique and original this document was for mediaeval Europe : both a record of the actions taben by past capitouls and a manual for new recruits to the office
Lacroix, Camille. "La defense collective en Toulousain à la fin du Moyen âge (vers 1350 - vers 1550)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20075/document.
Full textThe defence process in the late Middle Ages raises the question of evolution of communities inhabitanting in Toulouse area. Understanding the defensive dynamics requires a multidisciplinary approach based on the analysis of written, planimetric, iconographic and archaeological sources. The documentation’s precious contents highlight the social relationship and the organization of a group facing danger. The “forts villageois” phenomenon served a larger reflection about types and forms of defensive measures. A comparative approach on the structures questions fortifications models and their evolution. Beyond the human and community scope the multi-scale study points out the relationships between community and lord, the relation to the territory and the interaction between Toulouse and the surrounding villages, as well as the solidarity networks in a shared space protection
Foltran, Julien. "Les monastères et l'espace urbain et périurbain médiéval en Pays d'Aude : Lagrasse, Alet et Caunes." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20132/document.
Full textThrough the examples of Lagrasse, Alet-les-Bains and Caunes-Minervois, this thesis intends to determine the mechanisms and the stakeholders’ role in the development of monastic towns in the Aude department from the 8th century to the mid-16th century. The modes of settlement on these sites are examined, as well as the relations between the religious community and the inhabitants. The construction of urban space in these medium-sized medieval towns is one of the main topics addressed through the inventory of houses, the analysis of historic plans and of medieval or modern written sources. The peri-urban space is regarded as an area allowing both communities to secure a part of their supplies and, in this sense, as a space they had to share and that was essential to the relations between them
Chaleat, Franck. ""Devant la porte du priore, dessoubz le chastel dudict lieu" : la question des bourgs dits "castraux" et "monastiques" : oekoumène, synoecisme et sens des lieux durant le "long moyen Age" dans les agglomérations péricastrales et périmonastiques du Charolais-Brionnais (Bourgogne du Sud)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2183.
Full textThe concepts of bourg castral and bourg monastique are two of the most important concepts of french urban history, aiming to modelize the genesis of new settlements around the feudal seats of power such as castles or monasteries near the beginning of the 11th century. Historiographically, this unprecedented grouping movement was justified by the power exercised over the people but also by the protection and privileges provided by the lords. In the social aspect, this is included in the general dynamics of encellulement (R. Fossier), which is a polarization process of social dependancy areas in favour of emblematic places like the parish church or the seigniorial buildings. The present thesis aims to comparatively explore the spatial modesof genesis and evolution of four « bourgs » in South Burgundy, in order to understand the long-term spatial and social constitution of agglomerations around seigniorial structures, and also to test the heuristic value of historical models of bourgs castraux or bourgs monastiques. The geographic area chosen for this study is the homogenic space of Charolais-Brionnais, between the Loire and the Saône rivers, a mostly rural area. With no central town, this territory is characterized by several small towns often combined with a medieval castle or a monastery.In accordance with recent historiographic evolutions (such as the re-evaluation of the incastellamento model, the reconsideration of the village genesis, and the rethinking of the 11 th century interruption) and methodological renewals (re-examining the hierarchization of historic sources regarding settlement history, the new place of morphologic analysis of plans), we first chose to focus on a spatial analysis of agglomerations, in which the material space is the central point of the study. The analysis thenproceeds to examine other sources which can provide strictly spatial data. Secondly, we chose a regressive reading of space, by means of historic morphological study of ancient town plans : the goal is to deconstruct the spatial evolution of towns by looking as far as possible back into the past.First of all, the results show a variety of urban evolution patterns downgrading the ring model (usually summoned to explain the attraction of seigniorial centers). Also, successive housing estate operations demonstrate a continuous evolution and plasticity of town plans, which in consequence are sometimes very different from the configuration shown by the napoleonic cadastre. While the seigniorial center is socially important, its spatial role is not always decisive : in half of the cases, the carolingian strong territorial structure has remained as a determining grid for later developments, which accounts for many implantationsand demarcations at the end of the Middle Ages. In other cases, a planned structure can be set up when the territorry is authoritatively supervised by a new seigniorial power. These planned structures foster deep social polarization. In any case, the feudal space must deal with two former networks : the parish network, which is very stable up to the end of the Middle Ages, and the road network, which favours settlement at crossroads
« Bourg castral » und « bourg monastique » sind zwei wichtige Konzepte der französischen Geschichte der Städte, sie zielen darauf, das Erscheinen von neuen Siedlungen um die Orte der herrschaftlichen Macht, befestigte Schlösser und Kloster zu modellieren, und dies etwa zu Beginn des 11. Jahrhunderts. In der Historiographie lässt sich diese völlig neue Zusammenführung der Bevölkerung durch die auf das Volk ausgeübte Macht erklären, aber auch durch den Schutz oder durch die Privilegien, die ihm die Machtträger gewährten. Sozial gesehen integriert sich diese Zusammenführung in die gesamte Dynamik des« encellulement », es geht um einen Prozess der Polarisierung der Orte sozialer Abhängigkeit zugunsten emblematischer Orte, herrschaftlicher Sitze oder Pfarrkirchen. Diese Doktorarbeit zielt darauf ab, in vegleichender Form die räumlichen Modalitäten der Entstehung und Entwicklung von vier Ortschaften (« bourgs ») des südlichen Burgunds zu erforschen, damit wir die räumliche und soziale Entstehung des verdichteten Aufbaus der Dörfer um die Altstadt auf eine lange Zeit verstehen können. Wir werden auch den Erklärungswert der historischen Modelle « bourg castral » oder « bourg monastique » prüfen. Als geographischer Rahmen haben wir den vom Charolais und Brionnais homogen gebildeten Raum gewählt, ein ländlich geprägtes Gebiet zwischen Saône und Loire. Ohne zentrale Stadt besteht das Gebiet aus einer Kette kleiner Städte, die oft über ein Kloster oder ein befestigtes Schloss verfügen.Im Einklang mit den jüngsten historiographischen Entwicklungen (das Modell des incastellamento wird nuanciert, die Ortschaftsgründung und die Zäsur des Jahres 1000 werden in Frage gestellt) aber auch mit den methodologischen Innovationen (Kritik an der Hierarchie zwischen den verschiedenen Quellen in der Geschichtsschreibung der Bevölkerungsorte, Platz und Rolle des morphologischen Lesens der Pläne). Wir haben eine vor allem räumliche Analyse der Siedlungen gewählt. Im Zentrum der Studie steht das konkrete, materielle Gebiet, dann werden alle Quellen gesammelt, die Informationen ausschliesslich über den Raum liefern können. Dann haben wir uns für die Rückschreibung entschieden, insbesondere durch eine Analyse der historischen Morphologie der alten Pläne. Das Ziel ist die räumliche Entwicklung der Siedlungen zu zerlegen, indem wir so weit wie möglich in die Vergangenheit zurückgehen.Das Ergebnis zeigt in erster Linie eine Vielfalt der Schemen der Entwicklungen der Siedlungen, weit weg vom ringförmigen Modell, das oft erwähnt wird um die Anziehungskraft des herrschaftlichen Zentrums darzustellen. Es ist auch zu bemerken, dass es eine ständige Entwicklung und Veränderung der Sadtpläne gibt, wegen der Aufeinanderfolge der Parzellierung (als Locatio), sehr oft weit weg von der Darstellung des napoleonischen Katasters. Die sehr wichtige Rolle des herrschaftlichen Zentrums ist aber in sozialer Hinsicht, räumlich nicht immer entscheidend. In der Hälfte der Fälle kann man vermuten, dass es eine stärkere Strukturierung des Gebiets schon zur karolingischer Zeit gab, diese Organisation wird ein vorhandenes Rasterzur späteren Entwicklungen bleiben und kann in gewisser Weise die Ansiedlungen und Abgrenzungen am Ende des Mittelalters erklären. Im Gegenteil, wenn eine herrschaftliche Macht ein Gebiet autoritär beherrschen will, ist es anzumerken, dass eine geplante Organisation entsteht, die zu einer Strukturierung führt, die günstig für eine tiefe soziale Polarisierung ist. Auf alle Fälle muss der herrschaftliche Raum mit zwei Netzwerken rechnen, die ihm vorausgehen und die er teilweise gestaltet : das Netzwerk der Pfarrgemeinden, das bis zum Ende des Mittelalters stabil zu sein scheint und das Strassennetz, dessen Kreuzungen die ersten Bevölkerungsversammlungen bestimmen
Haquette, Bertrand. "L'Aire des La Viesville. Bailliage et lignage en Artois à la fin du Moyen Âge." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30031.
Full textThe country of Aire is a prosperous area on the border of the counties of Saint-Pol, Flanders and Artois. This rural and cereal area is watered by the Lys river which allows trade with the big cities of Flanders. It forms the territorial basis of an Artesian bailiwick which headquarter is located in Aire-sur-la-Lys, a town living in the shade of the powerful neighbourhood of Saint-Omer and Thérouanne. This intermediate space between Ypres and Hesdin, Lille and Saint-Omer, has however indisputable economic advantages and its own identity. Aire, fiercely from Artois but strongly influenced by Flanders, was at the end of the Middle Ages always in search of a protector. This role was sometimes entrusted to the provost of the collegiate church, sometimes to the bailiff. A noble lineage native of Enguinegatte began to get hold on the region, at first by leading a subtle marital politic then by monopolizing the bailiff’s office. This status, added to the one of the chamberlain of the duke of Burgundy, allowed them to establish a robust local network in which were implied local elites, canons but also cousins and illegitimate children of the lineage. The La Viesville were then the real masters of Aire and took advantage of the economic reconversion of the region after the Great Plague. The family succeeded in overcoming the shocks received in the first quarter of the XVth century but its influence was finally annihilated by the war led in Artois by Louis XI after the death of Charles the Bold. Real " black swan ", this step in the slow construction of the State cost to this family all that it had brought before
Mukai, Shinya. "Sérignan et Vendres, deux villages biterrois face à la guerre dans la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle : étude du gouvernement villageois au bas Moyen âge." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20084.
Full textIn Bas-Languedoc of the latter half of the XIVth century, with the aggravation of the French-English war, the insecurity becomes normalized because of the incursion of the Anglo-Gascon army and of the pillage of the campaigners, and the royal demands ― fortification, mobilization and taxation ― increase in relation with the state of war. What impact does the war make on the village? How do the villagers respond to this new and unprecedented environment characterized by the mounting insecurity and the huge pressure of the royal taxation? Doesn’t the war spark off a profound transformation of the village society? The objective of our thesis is to shed light on the functioning and the reorganizing of village government in face of the war during the latter half of the XIVth century. We have chosen as the central objects of our research two villages: Sérignan and Vendres. These are situated near Béziers, in Biterrois, in the middle of Bas-Languedoc. Above all, these two villages conserve the consular account books, which are the most voluminous in Biterrois of the latter half of the XIVth century and contain rich and significant information about the society and individual villagers. In order to study the villages in wartime, we take four courses of research: 1. defensive actions of the village community; 2. influence of the war on the village finance; 3. politics and administration inside the village; 4. external relations of the village community. The values of village government in Biterrois of the latter half of the XIVth century can be summarized in three words: liberty, equity, and ‘‘generality’’. That is to say, the political liberty against external powers, the fiscal equity inside the community, and the general consensus among inhabitants
Bulté, Cécile. "Images dans la ville. Décors monumentaux et identités urbaines en France à la fin du Moyen Age." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040172.
Full textWhether royal lily or Christian cross, the space of medieval towns is characterized by the marks placed on it by medieval institutions.At the end of the Middle-Ages, the new urban elites make the process of marking the city their own by imposing their own signs onthe public space. Thus, they assert their presence on the public and artistic scene. In the 14th and 15th century, civilian decorationbecomes the tangible expression of this social transformation ; emblems and small sculptural figures conquer the urban space. Anemblematic edifice, the town hall, is erected by the municipal institution, whose emblazoned portal echo other emblems placed atstrategic locations. Private citizens, in turn, transplant into their homes these monumental modes of representation. Officers ormerchants – these men of a new kind – cover their residences with coats of arms, religious or emblematic figures. By linking them toa profession, an institution or a parish, these decorative programs state the social standing and moral values that those affluentcommissioners claim for themselves. By presenting their personal insignia, their motto or their name, they put their identity on stage,thereby introducing fragments of subjectivity in the public and urban space. Some singular and radical small figures begin toproliferate: exposed, naked bodies, grotesque and allegorical scenes that foreshadow one’s possible downfall in order to exalt one’scurrent status. Structured and hierarchically organized, these decors form a relational system in which social promotion dialogueswith exclusion : telltale signs of a social order in transformation
Gaëtan, Loïc. "Les agglomérations antiques du Val de Saône : émergence et mutations d’un réseau urbain de la fin de l’âge du Fer au début du Moyen Âge." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC007/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the processes of emergence, structuring and mutation of an ancient urban network from the end of the Protohistory to the beginning of the Middle Ages in a micro-region located on the edge of the ancient éduens, lingons and séquanes territories, the Saône Valley. This area is characterized by a density of Gallo-Roman small towns with an amount and a high quality of data unequalled in Gaul, as a result of ancient and recent research. While these small towns were among the first studied in the 1980’s, their exploitation was limited to the study of hierarchies and urban functions during the High Empire, neglecting the chronology and the evolution of the urban system.The site corpus has been homogenized and mapped using new tools that were specially developed for that. To meet the expectations of spatial organization and chronology, new information has been gathered. These data, collected in notes and synthesised through a set of archaeological descriptors, allow us to reflect on a better definition of the small towns characterization and on the study of their evolution paths.It is from the typo-chronology of the towns that spatial, morphological and temporal dynamics are highlighted on the scale of the Saône Valley, then are compared to the Central-East of Gaul’s data. The internal analysis of towns makes it possible to understand the place and role of the main components of occupancies such as monumental adornments, habitat types or handicraft. The research shows the importance and the variety of the urban area towns in the settlement system of Saône Valley from the end of the Latenian period. The organization of ancient networks, resulting from a very marked protohistorical heritage, and the urban dynamics indicate recurrences and specificities to each of the cities.This thesis makes an unprecedented synthesis on the emergence, development and future of this remarkable urban network, whose structure is still distinctly discernible nowadays
Xandry, Catherine. "Organisation d'un territoire aux abords de la ville : le cas de Metz, Strasbourg et Reims du milieu du Moyen Age au début de l'époque moderne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG015/document.
Full textThe idea of a PhD on the close vicinity, the ‘periurban’ area of a city, stems from an observation: most of the studies done on the urban phenomenon in the Middle Ages, whether cities monographs or archeological studies, focus mainly on the intramural space and topography. To the contrary, the current work aims to study a city in a broader whole, through the review of the close vicinity of the precinct, and ignoring, for once, which is inside the walls. In this regard, it studies the composition, the geographical organization and the topographic evolution of the ‘periurban’ area of the city, during a period from the end of the Middle Ages to the modern era. Its questioning focuses on the relationship between the city and its ‘periurban’, how it uses it, and how it needs it. In order to prevent the too common risk for monographs of addressing an ‘exception’, this research draws a comparison between three cities, Reims, Metz and Strasbourg, similar in that they all are Episcopal cities, of roman origin and counting more than 10.000 inhabitants during the period studied
Vuillemin, Adrien. "Enceintes urbaines en moyenne Alsace (1200-1850)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG003.
Full textThis study deals with the defensive systems of three dozen small and middle-sized towns of central Alsace, from their building between the 13th and 15th Centuries, to their definitive dismantling during the 19th Century. Various resources were exploited : examination of existing remains, archaeological surveys, visual sources (maps, prints, old photographs), Middle Age and Modern period archives. The latter source included a major condition report on Alsace’s small cities, towns and villages, initiated by the province’s head of fortifications in 1779, which offers a complete overview of fortification systems before they were abandoned.The study addresses the questions of the construction materials used, the variety of defensive elements (doors, walls, moats, ramparts, etc.), topographical data and a chronology of their construction.The major teachings, in a field so far focused on large cities’ walls, are the broad range of solutions to the protective needs and the diversity of their chronology and layout models that are just as interesting as those of larger cities. This is noted until the 16th Century, when, with few exceptions, these small and middle-sized towns were not able toupgrade their defense to the level of bulwarks. Well maintained though, they were still seen as a major defensive support for the region by the royal administration, soon before the French revolution
Bizri, Melinda. "Construction et pratique sociale de l'espace fortifié en Velay (XIIIe - XVe siècles)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL025/document.
Full textThe fortified medieval areas of the Velay (medieval diocese of Puy-en-Velay) are analysed in their constitution and their use. The survey concerns a corpus of castle sites, fortified towns, fortified houses, priories and fortified churches in 145 communes, mostly in the department of Haute-Loire (France-Auvergne). The changes that these fortified spaces operate during the 13th-15th centuries are highlighted: spatial morphology and choices of occupancy of these areas, evolution of individual seigneurial habitats and enclosures in rural and urban context. The nature of the relations between the different social groups building this fortified territory is mainly documented by texts : relationships between the lords and the bishop of Le Puy or the king, relationships between the lords and the urban or rural communities, emergence of new social groups (the small gentry). The purpose focuses on the articulation of these areas and the social and symbolic relationships that each of the social groups has with fortifications. Thus, the intentions of domination and the resistance of each of the medieval social groups are revealed by analysing the plots, the buildings and the form of the fortification
Lefèvre, Benjamin. "La fabrique urbaine d'Angers du 3e au 13e siècle." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551376.
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