Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Villes et Territoires Intelligents'
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Frucquet, Pascal. "Politiques de "Smart City" et (co-)création de valeur publique locale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU2167.
Full textThe number of academic publications devoted to the Smart City, across all disciplines, increased more than tenfold between 2015 and 2021 (Sharifi et al. 2021). Since then, this trend has gathered pace, and is accompanied by a huge diversity of definitions. What they all have in common, however, is that they position digital technologies and massive data in the service of an ambition to create multidimensional value for the benefit of all the fields of activity and functions of urban and territorial management.However, the international success of the Smart City has not been matched by an equivalent dynamic in public management. Yet several authors have warned of the importance of understanding the impact of implementing Smart City policies on the governance and management of local public organizations, so that they can create public value (Grossi et al., 2020; Rodríguez Bolívar, 2019).Therefore, the aim of this thesis has been to think of the Smart City as a "management situation" (Raulet-Croset, 2008, 2016), by identifying an object of study, Smart City policies, and by posing the following research question: How can Smart City policies create public value?A methodological approach was developed, combining a narrative and systematic review of the literature with empirical observations. These were carried out as part of two action-research projects, a series of exploratory interviews and four longitudinal studies of embedded cases. French local authorities were chosen as the field of study given the diversity of deployments of the 'Smart City' concept and the richness of 'the reality of connected territories' (Data Publica & KPMG, 2021).Our work firstly enables us to propose a general framework for analyzing the process of creating public value through 'Smart City' policies. It then highlights the transformation of local governance resulting from the implementation of such policies, with a balanced approach between proactivity and openness (Carassus and Baldé 2020). We also specify the differentiated impacts of these two dimensions on the types of public value created, emphasizing the capacity of open governance to address all types of public value, unlike proactive governance. However, we identify a more or less deliberate phasing between proactivity and openness. This can be explained by the importance of information systems management issues and the scale of the organizational transformations, which put considerable strain on the resources responsible for co-creation practices.In this way, we are highlighting a risk of partial creation, or even destruction, of public value by "Smart City" policies. The challenge is therefore to constantly re-examine the level and nature of the resources allocated, working across the board and in an agile manner. As part of this process, evaluation and co-evaluation are important.In the end, this PhD dissertation contributes to the international research agenda on the creation of public value by Smart City policies by proposing three theoretical contributions: the conceptualization of the Smart City in the form of public policies, the operationalization of Moore's (1955) strategic triangle of public value, and the adaptation of local governance analysis frameworks to Smart City policies. These contributions are accompanied by an action plan for local public managers to design and implement Smart City policies that create public value. Finally, we outline several lines of research for Management Science researchers wishing to delve deeper into the subject
Mouttaki, Adil. "Rabat ville intelligente : entre ambitions et réalisations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2017.
Full textCities are growing rapidly. As a result, they are exposed to increasing social and urban pressures, particularly in terms of access to administrative, health, housing and employment services. To meet these challenges, they are opting for governance approaches based on digital technologies. But the challenge is not only to appropriate digital innovations, but also to guarantee the rationality of the decisions taken and the fair and effective participation of all stakeholders, particularly residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods. It is in this context of digital transformation that Rabat, capital of the Kingdom of Morocco, aims to make its smart city system responsive to contemporary concerns. It aims to capitalize on its distinctive historical, geographical, administrative and cultural potential. In 2023, Rabat ranked fifth among Arab cities in the Swiss Institute (IMD) ranking, surpassing its neighboring competitor, Casablanca. However, the same study showed that Rabat has a mixed record in the use of digital technologies, particularly in the areas of access to health services, education, leisure and business financing. This observation constitutes one of the key elements which guided us in the choice of the subject of this thesis. Thus, our research problem revolves around the following question: Can we qualify the “Rabat: smart city” project as a democratic, equitable and participatory project? Without calling into question the credibility of this project, the question of social acceptability, particularly of those who should, in theory, be the first beneficiaries, challenges us in several respects. This brings us back to the question initially asked by Vincent Meyer in 2017 concerning the measures taken to ensure that the digital transition itself does not become an additional factor of inequality. To address this subject, we called on the methods and techniques deployed both by geographers and by researchers in information and communication sciences. As this is a joint international thesis at the interface of the two disciplines, the material used is based both on the exploitation of a rich literature for theoretical support and on empirical field studies for understanding the manufacturing process of the “Rabat-intelligent city” project and its operation. This research is organized into 7 chapters comprising 3 levels: The first concerns the theoretical framework, the research problem, the hypotheses and the methodology used. The second addresses the notions of human intelligence and digital solutionism, before addressing the geographical, historical and socio-demographic context of the city of Rabat, then the issues of urban governance. Finally, Chapters 6 and 7 present the lessons learned from this research, trying to highlight the strengths and gaps recorded in terms of participation, social acceptability, communication and financing
Soulard, Christophe-Toussaint. "Pratiques, politiques publiques et territoires : construire une géographie agricole des villes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016218.
Full textVillani, Tiziana Paquot Thierry. "Corps, territoires et technologies essai sur le temps des transformations /." Créteil : Université de Paris -Val-de-Marne, 2004. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0223497.pdf.
Full textKaddouri, Lahouari. "Structures spatiales et mises en réseaux de villes pour la régionalisation des territoires." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137931.
Full textAussi, nous proposons de définir des territoires autour de réseaux de villes qui donnent à penser les régionalisations souhaitables ou souhaitées à partir des propriétés des territoires et de leur organisation par la représentation des interactions spatiales entre les villes. Sont alors créés des réseaux de villes autour desquels la régionalisation des territoires serait possible.
Les mises en réseaux de villes se basent sur le corpus conceptuel et théorique du fonctionnement et des propriétés des systèmes de villes, et tiennent compte des caractéristiques du système de villes étudié à travers les critères de la taille des villes et de leur localisation. Ces seuls critères déterminent les espacements entre les villes et leur position dans la hiérarchie de niveaux dans le système, ce qui intègre et révèle les structures spatiales sous-jacentes ou locales.
Sont alors définies deux catégories de réseaux de villes :
• les réseaux de villes de proximité et de voisinage, sur des contraintes d'espacement entre les villes ;
• les réseaux de villes hiérarchisés, sur des contraintes de taille des villes et de principes d'emboîtement de structures hiérarchiques (type administratif, à la hiérarchie stricte, ou type principe de marché, à la hiérarchie non stricte).
La formalisation et les représentations des mises en réseaux de villes sont réalisées par la théorie des graphes qui permet une modélisation aisée des organisations hiérarchiques, en particulier des emboîtements de niveaux, par un de ses sous-ensembles, les arbres.
La mise en place de ces méthodes et l'évaluation des performances des régionalisations qu'elles engendrent se fait sur deux exemples à problématiques et échelles différentes. La première application montre une approche spatiale en archéologie pour aider à dégager les principales structures d'un système de peuplement d'un territoire autour de la Cité antique de Luteva (Lodève, Hérault, France) durant la période du Haut-Empire (Ier siècle ap. J.-C. - IIIe siècle ap. J.-C.). La seconde application consiste à définir un arc méditerranéen théorique à partir du système de villes européennes sans maillage administratif.
N'Dion, Pierre. "Territoires et communautés de Brazzaville : les limites de l'aménagement des villes d'Afrique tropicale." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010556.
Full textStudying territoires of tropical african cities can be carried out with the ambition to justify the necessary complementary between fundamental and applied research with a view of urban territoires management. As regards brazzaville, the capital city of the congo, the description and analysis of the land (part one) sketch up an evaluation of the urban policies which have been implemented for one and a half century by colonial administrations first, and later on by nationals. The country's history and geography, the social practices have shaped the city, urban communities' consciousness and sociology. Yet, new districts creation logics, urban strategies, production of inhabited spaces, migrations and inter-urban residential mobility mechanisms originate from a general mutation of social formation (part two). But this mutation of urban society, endlessly influenced by social, political and economic stakes, amplified by cultural external factors does not follow a space organization and territory social functioning dynamics which comply with the official urban project. Planning stands then as a requirement and a necessity in the research of solutions to city manage:ent and control of urban space expansion. The objective is a harmonious integration of urban territories functioning in the national territory development schema (part three). For tropical cities development options to be operational, they must rest on a thorough
Meynet, Cécilia. "Quelle gouvernance urbaine locale au Mali ? : Territoires et dynamiques sociales à partir de l'assainissement à Mopti, Ségou, Kayes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10114.
Full textIthurbide, Christine. "Géographie de l'art contemporain indien : villes, acteurs et territoires : le cas de Bombay (Inde)." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC005.
Full textContemporary Indian art has increasingly taken part to global institutional and market dynamics in the decades that followed the economic liberalization of Indian in the 1990s. While representing a commercial capital and a cultural crossroads in Asia since the late XIXth century, Bombay emerged as the leading metropolis for contemporary Indian art market which activities are gathered in the art district in the south of the city. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the process of adaptation and transformation of local territories in response to art globalization whilc focusing on the anchoring the process into a local social system. Beyond the art district, my approach is interested in neighborhoods and actors less visible but essential to contemporary art industry activities. The purpose is to highlight a globalization of contemporary art "from bellow" and underline the continuity between globalized art economy and informai economy. Situated at the crossroad of urban, industrial and social geography, the geography of art proposed is also influenced by researches in sociology of art and anthropology of mobility. This thesis has the ambition to contribute to urban studies in India and more broadly to researches on artistic practices and economy of art in the South countries
Villani, Tiziana. "Corps, territoires et technologies : essai sur le temps des transformations." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002234970204611&vid=upec.
Full textBody and territory share a common and singular condition; that of becoming suspended between persistance of the past and solicitations from a present-future radically overrun by new technologies. In the present day and age the level of complexity and variation reached by the processes of transformation, engaged above all by new technologies, call for a change in paradigm. Altogether analogously to the government of bodies, the government of territory must also be explored like an environment, a plural and complex tissue crossed by relations that are infinite and changing. This is why the aim of the present project is to deal with only some of the crisis zones. The first chapter essentially refers to the metamorphosis of the urban in relation to the cybernetic revolution and to the new hierarchies engendered by the ongoing contradictory process of dematerialisation. The second chapter is mainly devoted to analysing the mythologeme of technique and the way it tends to modify the styles and practices of everyday life. The third chapter circumscribes analysis to what has been currently defined as new metropolitan fears which set the plan for existence and life in terms of the space of risk. Such risk determines a whole series of considerations connected with it: security systems, systems of assurance, organisation of new control devices. The last chapter brings these various issues together interpreting them in the light of the opposition between geophilosophy and geopolitics, between “other spaces” and the spaces of total control and homologation. To understand territory in its bodily expression enables one to identify central nodes that cannot abstract from the processes of subjectivazation forming the geography of territory and not just a catalogue
Massa, Christine. "Les territoires intelligents. Application au territoire "Costa Serena". Création d'un office de tourisme de pôle." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30035.
Full textThe collective representations as well as various works on mental models emphasize the role of the Information Technologies as well as the Communication to limit the inequalities and to structure the space of development. In fact, various studies show that telecommunication networks follow the steps of men and companies, but do not step up in front of them. A new law of the territory an country (as a land space linked by geographical, and economic similarities). The ground of this definition is to facilitate the emergence of common proposal for the economic development of said "countries". A study develop in the Region "Corsica" called Costa Serena, counted the different projects to define the notion of "territory". From this point its seams that the development of various tourist projects
Bousquet-Roux, Audrey. "Sécurité locale et action publique : un état des lieux dans les villes moyennes, les territoires ruraux et périurbains." Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10069.
Full textThe object of this doctoral research is to study the local security and crime prevention policies, in urban (mid-sized cities), rural and suburban areas. Territories concerned by the investigation are situated in the « Grand Sud-Ouest » of France, and more particularly in departments of Aveyron, Gers, Haute-Garonne, Tarn, and Tarn-et-Garonne, in région Midi-Pyrénées, and in department of Landes, in région Aquitaine. From a framework of analysis including the metamorphosis of the State and the development of the partnership policies at local level, this study examine the agenda-setting, the structuring and the characteristics of the public action, but also the positions of the local State and the various stakes of it positioning in this field of public action. In the Part 1, the analysis allows to determine the characteristics of the public action of security and prevention, in all the studied areas, to compare them. It focused on the specificities of the action of the police national and gendarmerie nationale, as well as on that of the municipalities and intermunicipalities. On this way, the territorial impact of policies of security was studied, as their outlines, their contents and their actors. The Part 2 is devoted to the local engineering of the security and to the partnership relations of the actors in the field of action. The essential objective is to comprehend the positions of the State towards local authorities, in particular of the study of their expertise, as well as the relationship between local actors
Damasceno, Fonseca Cláudia. "Des terres aux villes de l'or : pouvoirs et territoires urbains au Minas Gerais, Brésil, XVIIIe siècle /." Paris : Lisboa : Centre culturel Calouste Gulbenkian ; Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391356786.
Full textBibliogr. p. 575-593. Glossaire. Index.
Fonseca, Claudia Damasceno. "Pouvoirs, villes et territoires : genèse et représentations des espaces urbains dans le Minas Gerais (Brésil), XVIIIe - début XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0128.
Full textThe first true urban network in the interior of Portuguese America appears only at the beginning of the 18th century, following the discovery of rich gold deposits in a poorly-known mountainous region which would soon acquire the name of Minas Gerais and would be constituted as a Royal Captaincy of the Portuguese Crown. Gold mining, as well as agricultural and commercial activities, allow for the transformation of small and unstable population centers – miner encampments or roadside rest-stops – into larger and more developed towns. Over the course of the 18th and into the beginning of the 19th centuries, only a handful of these localities receives the title of vila from the Portuguese Crown – a denomination that carries with it the privilege of organizing a câmara, a municipal officer’s corps with judicial, administrative, military and fiscal powers. This dissertation will examine the material and institutional processes by which urban territories and settlements in the expansive areas of Minas Gerais were constituted. The diverse representations of towns and their surrounding territories will be a primary focus as well. The thesis is divided into three parts, each of which corresponds to a different scale of the settlement and urbanization process. In the first instance, the perspective is that of the captaincy as a whole, and the primary focus is the spatial and temporal distribution of the town’s foundings. The second part examines territorial conflicts between several municipalities, including disputes over administrative functions, titles and privileges, and hierarchies and degrees of urban development within the settlements. Finally, passing to the local level, the processes involving the material constitution of urban space are discussed, including the practical problems of management, and diverse observations on these subjects by local elites and foreign travellers
Bataille, Philippe. "Recomposition des territoires et reconstruction du lien social ? : de la production de l'espace dans les zones prioritaires : grands ensembles et ZUP." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR1506.
Full textDeheurles-Montmayeur, Lisa. "La diplomatie du rapprochement entre villes grecques et turques depuis la fin des années 1980 et ses dynamiques territoriales : de la transnationalisation des territoires à la résurgence de territoires historiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH035/document.
Full textWe hypothesize that research on the role of cities in the dynamics of Greek-Turkish rapprochement process (- either on an economical as well as a socio-cultural or political basic -)provides a framework for enabling analysis to study the transnational process and their translation in terms of territorial dynamics. They allow to understand both the process of transnationalization of territories as a result of the internationalization of cities and also the process of territorial regionalization of transnationality. In other terms, we can see how transnational dynamics will that result from the twons' rapprochment's diplomacy can new territories. Through the case of Greek-Turkish rapprochement and initiatives implemented between Greek and Turkish towns since the late 1980s, we will try to highlight this "town's diplomacy" is at the crossroads of a new form of transnationalization of the territories at the borders of Europe, but how it also expressthe resurgence (or even the permance)of old historical territories, which are challenging social and territorial cohesion of the national territories of the two countries
Lefevre, Bruno. "Entrepreneurs musicaux et territoires : Les clusters culturels sous l'emprise des politiques publiques et des acteurs locaux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD093/document.
Full textSince the 2000's, many cultural clusters have emerged and have been developped in Frenchcities and urban areas. At the same time, these local territories have been physically andsymbolically re-shaped, re-configured, through social development or creative cities policies.The statement of this thesis is that the encounter of these two phenomena, especially whenthey are dominated by local institutions, mostly enhances territorial development andvalorization, at the expense of cultural workers' economic structuration. Eight Frenchmusical clusters have been studied in relation with their own local political context. Practices,strategies and modalities of the organization of the inter-dependent actors of these clustersare constitutive of a range of material and symbolic heterogeneities that clusters' teamshardly manage to match.We propose three ideal types related to the emergence of such cultural clusters. Each of themspecifies the representations of the cluster that cultural entrepreneurs, politics and localsconjure up
Boughoufala, Ouddene. "Relations socio-économiques entre deux villes et leurs territoires en Algérie précoloniale : Médéa et Miliana à partir des documents habous/waqf." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10011.
Full textOudot, Dominique. "Territoires intercommunaux et aires d'influence urbaine : Mise en place, fonctionnement et effets de l'intercommunalité : l'exemple des villes d'Angers, du Mans et de Tours." Angers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ANGE0024.
Full textWhen the law-maker enacted the Chevènement and Voynet laws in 1999, then the SRU ones in 2000, he intended to enlarge the frameworks of thought and initiatives to the scale of urban areas and to lessen the competition between communes. Yet, far from unifying the urban areas of Angers, Le Mans and Tours, the intercommunal dynamics has divided them into intercommunal entities which are more competitive than united : the central urban community is bordered by its associated communities of communes. Thus, councillors find it difficult to consider the development and planning of areas on a scale larger than the EPCI or even the commune one. At the same time, a lot of issues need to overstep these administrative borders. While councillors hold a central position in urban governance, the influence of technicians is far from being unimportant. Regarding the role of civil society in urban governance, it has been reinforced since the setting-up of the planning councils
Bachiri, Nabila. "L'étalement urbain et la mobilité quotidienne d'adolescentes et adolescents de territoires rurbains de la communauté métropolitaine de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24079/24079.pdf.
Full textFinichiu, Ana-Alice. "Territoires entre-deux: agencements, biopolitique et junkspace." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209210.
Full textLe diagnostic de Rem Koolhaas sur les métropoles actuelles montre une ville générique, sans fin, sans identité, sans passé, sans rues, la seule activité qui reste est le shopping et la condition « in-transit » devient universelle. À cette analyse manque une partie très importante, la condition biopolitique de la métropole, qui expliquerait plusieurs des caractéristiques de ce Junkspace, comme le fait qu’il contient la possibilité de résistance face au générique.
À la lumière de ce constat et suivant les directions de pensée que Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari ouvrent dans Mille Plateaux, cette thèse propose d’identifier les intervalles témoignant de la dimension biopolitique du Junkspace au travers d’une mobilisation de la théorie des agencements comme hypothèse pour la théorie architecturale et urbaine. Le postulat général est que ces intervalles seraient des territoires entre-deux qui fonctionneraient comme des laboratoires d’agencements témoignant d’une pratique architecturale politique redéfinissant le rôle même de l’architecte.
Trois axes de recherche sont déployés. Le premier interroge la pertinence d’une pensée architecturale en termes d’agencements dans le contexte des transformations actuelles des territoires. À la suite d’un croisement avec la pensée de Deleuze et Guattari l’architecture se comprend dans son processus d’agencement et réagencement. Le second axe interroge la dimension biopolitique du Junkspace identifiant les points critiques de ses agencements et évaluant le paradoxe de l’entre-deux. Le troisième axe met à l’épreuve le potentiel des territoires entre-deux de créer des opportunités pour de nouvelles configurations spatiales.
(english abstract)
Rem Koolhaas’s diagnostic of the modern metropolis shows a generic city with no end, no identity, no past, no streets where the only activity remaining is shopping and the « in-transit » condition is becoming universal. An important part is missing from this analysis: the biopolitical condition of the metropolis, that could explain a number of Junkspace’s characteristics, like the fact that it contains the possibility to resist the generic condition.
In the light of this review and in accordance with the philosophical directions that Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari draw in A Thousand Plateaus, this research intends to identify the intervals witnessing the biopolitical dimension of Junkspace by rallying the assemblage theory as hypothesis for the architectural and urban theory. The general postulate is that these intervals are in-between territories functioning as laboratories of assemblages that show a political and resistant architectural practice redefining the very part of the architect.
Three lines of research are deployed. The first one questions the relevance of an architectural assemblage thinking in the context of the current territorial transformations. Operating a crossing with Deleuze and Guattari’s thought, architecture is understood as a process of assembling and re-assembling. The second line of research is questioning the biopolitical dimension of Junkspace identifying the critical points of its assemblages and evaluating the in-between paradox. The third research line is testing the in-between territories potential to create opportunities for new spatial configurations.
Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Amelie-Emmanuelle, Mayi. "Les territoires du tourisme en ville la pratique des acteurs du tourisme dans les villes d'Amboise, Blois et de Tours." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346944.
Full textJacinto, Guillermina. "Les villes moyennes en Argentine : territoires en mutation et développement local dans le sud de la province de Buenos Aires." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030148.
Full textOver the last fifty years, medium-sized cities in Argentina have played a strong stabilizing role in the national urban system. Traditionally considered as "pleasant places to live on a human scale", they have helped to balance the distribution of populations, wealth and activities over the country as a whole. The reforms set up in the 1990's, however, have had a major impact on these towns. In the south of the province of Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Tandil and Bahía Blanca have undergone the effects of restructuring the driving economic activities of these territorial systems. To counter the current urban and regional decline, strategies with their varying constraints and outcomes, have been set up to boost development. Although mobilising the local players through local development projects has met with a positive response, such initiatives are not undertaken within the framework of a national development policy: they remain the choices of particular communities, and their future remains uncertain
Nazer, Shireen. "De l'écocide à l'écocité : enjeux environnementaux dans la planification des villes et des territoires en Cisjordanie : le cas de Naplouse." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20021.
Full textPalestine faces geopolitical problems on both local and global levels affecting the population, the cities and its future. In other words, it is threatening the existence of the territory. Indeed, several factors can be cited: political instability, non-recognition of the sovereign state, geographical fragmentation, population density, scarcity of resources, uncontrolled urbanization, the lack of waste and wastewater management, of local and international legislatures. All these factors have seriously impinged on the country and resulted to an economic and ecological crisis, food insecurity, pollution, deforestation, agricultural lands' loss and damage to the built and natural heritage. Therefore, any planning into the future becomes difficult and with no essence. The environmental degradation in the West Bank cannot maintain decent and hygiene living conditions for the existing population or future generations. The ecocide is progressive; it threatens the survival of the territory. A remedy for the situation cannot be established without thinking on the local and international scope of cooperation and without the willingness to join and work together on all levels hand in hand with policy makers through full participation of associations and residents. If we consider environmental issues (water, resources, land) as fundamental issues in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: the environmental planning challenges become paramount for both Israelis and Palestinians. Facts on the ground show that we do not have the West Bank on one hand and Israel on the other, just as you do not have man on the one hand and the environment on the other. These elements are interconnected to the roots. Both States are deemed to a common destiny. Here are the conclusions that have been treated throughout this thesis divided into four parts. The first three ones put into perspective the geopolitical, environmental and urban findings. Then, the last one asserts the need to urge the environmental planning. Under such complex and unstable conditions, passing from ecocide to ecological city requires the respect for man and his environment, the mobilization of all primary stakeholders at all levels, whether they are politicians, public-private sectors, habitants, etc. Thus, it is necessary to start working at local level to protect the heritage and the wealth of the country, to educate the young generation to the environment and bring out their awareness of the current problems. Only environmental planning encompassing all these dimensions can cement a strong base to ensure a better quality of life, it will contribute to establishing a viable Palestinian State and setting the foundations to the pillars of peace
Mayi, Amélie-Emmanuelle. "Les territoires du tourisme en ville : la pratique des acteurs du tourisme dans les villes d'Amboise, de Blois et de Tours." Angers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ANGE0026.
Full textAnalysis of the practices of the tourists and the strategies of the institutional and private actors of tourism led to highlight territorial disjunctions. Also, at the end of this study, we confronted them. The statistical analysis of the first territory, that of the tourists, clearly reveals a practice of dominant discovery within our space of study, as well as a hyper-mobility and a notorious inependence of the tourists. The territory of the tourists is built by their practices of the places. The study of the second territory, that of the professional actors, lets see, on behalf of those, an increase in the means of intervention, a deployment of strategies and a diversification of the actions. However, institutional as private have different logics : the private actors develop reports/ratios while in the institutional actors interfere of the technical and political representations of the territory
Périnaud, Clémentine. "De la ville industrielle à la ville désindustrielle : Analyse de la production socio-spatiale de deux territoires d'industrialisation ancienne (Givors et Terrenoire)." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES026.
Full textThe thesis observes urban change in two early industrialised areas of the Lyon and Saint-Etienne metropolitan area (France) that support contradictory processes of enhancement/devaluation. The production of the small industrial towns of Givors and Terrenoire are the results of specific development strategies and geographical imaginaries that invested urban planning. We study how their local governments developed narratives about urban renewal that left their mark on the future of the territories. We used historical mapping to reveal the gap between the two cities’ urban social and economic changes in the XIXth and XXth century, and the representations of local authorities that often lag behind change. Thus, former representations of the industrial city and former planning practices are sustained in the long term. The two territories underwent several industrial restructurings until the late 1990's and retain the strong legacy of an urban fabric shaped by industry. Since then, in a complex post-industrial context, we show how urban policies refuse the industrial legacy for the sake of ensuring urban redevelopment. The search for residential and economic growth relies on the reusing of historical images of the two cities without breaching territorial devaluation. Thus, the production of renewed urban narratives encounters the resistance of the material and symbolic legacy inherited from the industrial past of the city
Thénot, Elsa. "La création in situ en Océanie : géo-esthétique et territoires urbains." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30010/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis revolves around the artistic and urban practices in four cities, in Australia and New Zealand. Those cities, Sydney, Melbourne, Auckland and Wellington are major artistic hubs in Oceania, and form the basis of a theoretical and empirical study. The first challenge is to locate and understand chronologically, through a Western artistic lens and its evolution, what are the inherent nuances of the in situ art. We will see how art produced extramurally, as represented in the United States and Europe (1960-1970), and noted on multiple accounts by artists, relied on various data: spatial, geomorphological, historical, human and contextual course. This understanding will lead us to the first example of space turning or geospatial art or propensity, which can be viewed as out of its traditional frameworks – which is to the museum, to conquer new territories of registration. To address these postcolonial Pacific cities and the culture they devote to artistic creation, we will see how these two young nations have built and continue to build their identity. In light of the New Zealand biculturalism, the value of Maori culture and the place of the people, we are committed to see how extramural art is represented in Wellington and in more rural areas around Auckland. In Australia, in some examples, the historical facts have reinforced a sense of identity through specific examples of urban creation while in other areas the historical contexts lead to politically charged issues; such is the case of the event Sculpture by the Sea. To what extent can a region, through its first four cities, lead us to rethink the in situ expression and geo-aesthetic that emerges? This study based on observation and cross disciplinary theoretical approaches and argues that the tendency of cities to reinvent worlds, regenerate through art until, is in some respects, a true territorial tool. I propose different readings to further understand how singular forms of aesthetics emerge as part of a proactive planning on redesigning the face of the city. Then it will show through best practices, how art, in the Pacific cities, changes space and emphasizes history and can become detached of context. This body of work is pertinent given the historical identity priority of Pacific cultures, and the contemporary multiculturalism and use of space will shed light on the expression of a specific urban geo-aesthetics. Intercultural connections between vernacular indices (patterns, gestures, shapes) and contemporary mediums attest to a geographicity art between narrative interpretation of places, symbol and emancipation
Iraki, Aziz. "Des notables du makhzen à l'épreuve de la gouvernance : élites locales, territoires, gestion urbaine et développement au Maroc : cas de trois villes de la région nord-ouest /." Paris : l'Harmattan : Rabat : Institut national d'aménagement et d'urbanisme, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389643273.
Full textDelebarre, Agathe. "Mobilités périurbaines, diversification modale et nouvelle dynamique institutionnelle : quelles mutations dans la gouvernance et l’offre de mobilité pour plus d’équité dans les territoires périurbains des villes moyennes des Régions Bretagne et Hauts-de-France ?" Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0564.
Full textThe peri-urban space of medium-sized towns is marked by self-car-mobility, with a limited mobility option offer, and is a source of inequity for non-motorized or poorly-motorized people in a context of increased concentration of the role of urban centers. This sparsely populated area was still largely fragmented about metropolitan government structure, with a strong segmentation of jurisdictions. The NOTRe and MAPTAM laws have brought significant changes since January 2017, leading to a rise in the mobility jurisdictions of new conurbation communities and a strengthening of the Region's government as a leader in regional mobility. It is therefore questionable whether, in a peri-urban city of medium-sized towns, produced and dominated by car-mobility and self-car-mobility, whether these recent reforms are driving force behind a renewal and diversification of the mobility offer in these diffuse and low-density territories, allowing for better territorial equity?
Joly, Nicolas. "Les territoires renouvelés de l'après-charbon : loisirs et cadre de vie dans le Nord - Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50377-2001-15-1.pdf.
Full textGidel, Mélanie. "Fermetures et porosités dans les territoires urbains à Fort-de-France (Martinique) et Port of Spain (Trinidad et Tobago)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100016/document.
Full textThis research falls within the scope of urban fragmentation studies. It focuses on the notions of barriers and porosities to confront urban change patterns in two Caribbean cities that used to have similar characteristics: Fort-de-France, in the French oversea department of Martinique, and Port of Spain, capital city of Trinidad and Tobago. Barriers delineate and separate, but they are also defined by their level of porousness and by the links that they organize, as this research intends to show, by first studying urban landscapes. Although barriers often stem from former divisions inherited from the colonial city, they manifest themselves in new forms which are regarded as a threat to urban cohesion by local authorities in Fort-de-France. This analysis is not shared by authorities in Port of Spain where the national scale dominates the scale of the city in terms of urban management. This thesis is mainly based on the results of two field studies that highlight the interplay of subtle articulations and disarticulation of scales, which may hinder or support the production of barriers in the city. The first survey examines the divergent prospects faced by two neighborhoods located on the social and spatial margins of both cities, Volga Plage and Sea Lots, in the context of redefining boundaries between the city, the sea and the port. The second survey, conducted with 228 school children, leads to question ongoing interactions between official responses to urban barriers and the inhabitants’ spatial practices and aspirations
Bouteiller, Catherine. "Différenciation tarifaire dans les réseaux de transports urbains et interurbains de voyageurs : quels apports pour les services publics de transport et l’aménagement ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20024.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to define and identify the effects of price discrimination policies on the use and organization of urban public transports. Price discrimination is the possibility to price a service with different level of tariff. At first, we will define the issues around public transport fares, whose complexity is now mitigated by existing smart cards and other payment tools. Then, the spatial dimension of the fare will be given special attention through the study of the relationships between fee structure and spatial morphology of 10 cities around the world. The relationships between urban morphology and pricing will be confirmed. Knowing that usage of public transport are diverse, it is essential to have a good knowledge of users habits. Smard Card data reconstruction provides geographical and statistical information that can be re used for urban planning and for pricing policy. How ?Grand Paris orbital line 15, will be launched in 2020. It is an example of introducing a new metro line inducing significant time savings for commuters. Passengers will be given a real alternative between their usual route and the new one. The new route can offer several advantages: gain of time spent during the trip, gain in terms of number of transfers, comfort gain, security gain, price advantages. This could be an opportunity for an agency to review its fare policy. Our model is based on existing travel flows derived from the itinerary reconstruction from Navigo Smart Card pass. It establishes the principles of a fare grid based on travelers’ preferences and current travel patterns. For this research, we used data from public transport pass users in the Paris’ Metropolitan area, for one month. Finally, we show that price discrimination is related to "mobility" and not to “public transport”. If we consider the mobility needs of the user, pricing is no longer that of “transportation” but a package of services enabling access to different forms of mobility. Therefore it is transport governance that can be a problem. How to federate all mobility stakeholders in France? This dimension is essential for public transport authorities. It is a key success factor for achieving ambitious and sustainable urban planning policies
Andriamanantena, Aina Ndrianjara. "Écosystème d'innovation circulaire dans les territoires industrialo-portuaires, caractéristiques et enjeux : Les cas de Dunkerque (France) et North Sea Port (Belgique/Pays-Bas)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024DUNK0700.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to shed light on the mechanisms involved in the transition of industrial port territories to the circular economy using a project management tool. The circular economy, which makes it possible to close the loop in the life cycle of materials, offers this type of territory the opportunity to redirect its economic development towards a more sustainable model. Although circular economy activities are developing in European industrial port territories, institutional work on the circular economy in this type of territory is currently limited mainly on identifying these activities. This provides little detail on the transition that is taking place in the territory or the role of the stakeholders. To understand the mechanisms behin this transition, we therefore propose to analyse the conditions for implementing these circular economy activities using a project management tool in the form of a dashboard of indicators created specifically for this type of territory. Our analysis is applied to two cases : Dunkirk, as a pioneer of industrial ecology in France, and North Sea Port, because of its special nature, resulting from the merger of the ports of Ghent in Belgium and Zeeland in the Netherlands. These two cases allow us to demonstrate the impact of our management tool on concrete projects. From a theoretical point of view, the thesis therefore contributes to putting the circular economy back on the port scale by mobilising the concept of the innovation ecosystem. On an empirical level, it provides a management and analysis tool for circular economy projects aimed at stakeholders and managers
Tommasi, Greta. "Vivre (dans) des campagnes plurielles : Mobilités et territoires dans les espaces ruraux. : L'exemple de la Sierra de Albarracín et du Limousin." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0026/document.
Full textSince the second half of the 20th C. rural zones in European countries have undergone a revival insofar as concerns their function and designation. Despite the diversity of their territorial dynamics these rural areas have attracted new populations of a very mixed profile. These newcomers insert themselves into a socially mobile context, the motivation for which can be the pursuit of environmental amenities but can also follow an economic logic. They reconstruct these rural areas and introduce a new way of life into the countryside. Comparing two rural territories, the one in the Limousin region next to the Limousin Mountains, and the other in southern Aragon, in the Sierra de Albarracín, this work analyses the spatial relationships which develop in rural areas having experienced migratory influx. The accent is placed on the means of cohabitating and relating to the territory which creates a space shared by the different social groups which inhabit it, live it, and weave attachments to it in different ways, opening the way for breaches to appear. This heterogeneity comes to light through the analysis of spatial mobility which affects the territorial designation and becomes a source of new forms of inequality. In the context where mobility redefines the relationship with the territory, foundations become reversible with new forms of commitments appearing, permitting the reconstruction and legitimization of who can say “I belong here”. These developments create new stakes for the rural territories and their politics concerning newcomers, faced with new forms of inequalities and social stratification
Nguyen, Dinh-Van. "Réseaux de capteurs sans-fil pour la cartographie à l'intérieur et la localisation précise servant la navigation à basse vitesse dans les villes intelligentes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM029/document.
Full textWith the increasing demand for urban space, more and more multistory carparks are needed. Although these carparks help to utilize urban space more efficient, they also introduce a new problem. Reports suggest approximately 70 million hours of parking slot searching each year, equivalently 700 million euros loss for France alone. In addition, carparks uses are exceeding their original purposes. Demanding features such as electric charger, online booking of parking spaces, dynamic guidance or mobile payment etc. turn a carpark into a competitive smart environment. One solution to this problem is to develop an autonomous navigation system for intelligent vehicles in the carpark situation. The thesis will identify one of these sub-tasks namely localization in GPS-denied environments. This thesis will present a novel method to solve the indicated problem while keeping the system follows four criteria: availability, scalability, universality and accuracy. There are two main steps: (1) a solution to replicate the GPS behaviour for the GPS-denied environment, and (2) a framework that allows the fusion of GPS-like systems with other localization methods to achieve a high localization accuracy. First, a Wi-Fi Fingerprinting localization system is employed. An approach using an ensemble neural network on a hybrid Wi-Fi fingerprinting database is proposed in this thesis. Experiments in a year-long duration show that this system is capable of localizing vehicles with 2.25m of mean error in the global coordinate frame (WGS84). Second, a complete localization solution must be a fusion of multiple techniques. This allows global as well as local levels of localization to function together. At the same time, having redundancy in the system boosts accuracy and reliability. In this thesis, a flexible fusion framework for multiple localization sensors is proposed. This fusion framework will not only deal with the GPS-denied environment but could be potentially used in the GPS-aided environment and provide a smooth transition between the two areas. To accomplish this demanding task, a Gaussian Mixture Model Particle Filter is developed. While the motion model of this particle filter incorporates data from the IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) or laser-SLAM, the correction model is a Gaussian mixture model of multiple observations obtained from the Wi-Fi fingerprinting localization system. With two intelligent vehicles (a Cybercar and a Citroen C1 car), 64 experiments were carried out to validate the framework. A mean localization error of 0.5m is achieved in a global coordinate frame. Compare to other solutions with 0.2m of mean localization error in local coordinate frames; this proposed solution has advantages in terms of scalability, availability and universality as well
Mardiansjah, Fadjar Hari. "Urbanisation durable des territoires et politiques de développement urbain en Indonésie : étude de trois kabupaten en voie d’urbanisation rapide dans l’île de Java." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1187/document.
Full textUrban change in Indonesia has been faced to an increasing pattern in which the urbanization process has also been taken place in a regional scale. In this process, small and medium cities have also been facing the densification process of urban growth and facing the process of concentration of urban activities. However, not all of small and medium cities in Indonesia can be considered prepared to face the process of urbanization as well as densification and the concentration of urban activities; because not all of them are municipal cities that are prepared for managing the development and urbanization process. Most of them are non municipal towns, which are located in the territory of kabupaten, a non urban region in Indonesia. This research focuses on the process of urbanization of kabupaten in Indonesia, which has formed and developed small and medium cities as the place where most of the urban growth in the kabupaten took place. The objective of the study is to contribute, in this context, to the understanding of the mechanisms of urban development of small and medium cities in developing countries, with reference to the situation in the kabupaten in Indonesia. The research analyses the urbanization process in the kabupaten, and the policy responses of local government to meet the demands of the urbanization process in the region, in responding the pressures of urbanization of their region. The study focuses on two main contexts. The first context is the urbanization process in the kabupaten, especially those in the Java Island, the densest populated island in the archipelago. The region is also the first region to know the regional dimension of urbanization since the 1980s, which resulted in the increase of the urban population in the kabupaten. In addition, this analysis also relates to the comprehension to the key problems arising in the urbanization process of the kabupaten, in the perspective of sustainable development. The second context is the analysis of urban development policies adopted by the local authority and the weaknesses of the government of the kabupaten in dealing with their urbanization process. From the comparative element resulting from the analysis of these institutions to urban development in the kabupaten, the research will confront the local perception on urban development, the policies adopted to deal with the problems, and the weaknesses in urban development policies at the local level. By doing so, the research puts into perspective the conditions for a possible improvement in the local capacities in managing their urbanization and urban development process, their alignment with local realities and their relevance to the challenges of sustainable development. Hence, it is expected that this study provides a better understanding regarding current conditions and how to improve the future of urban development institutions in the kabupaten, in accordance with sustainable development issues
Marinos, Clément. "Le développement des entreprises et des territoires en ville moyenne analysé au prisme des réseaux : le cas de la Bretagne Sud." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20041/document.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation focuses on business networks in the specific context of peripheral medium sized cities. Based on a field survey of entrepreneurs from Southern Brittany, this research highlights resources provided by business networks. Being located in a non-metropolitan territory does not seem to be a barrier to participation in networks, even for globalized and innovative firms. This multidisciplinary work also mobilises metropolization theories to address the particular geographical context of peripheral, medium-sized cities and assess their territorial development opportunities. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the network functioning of the firms have been interpreted using network sociology and management science literature on business leaders’ behaviour. The partnership framework with three local development agencies has led to make practical proposals targeting local political decision-makers and stakeholders. Thus, implementing a network-based public policy could be an interesting path in order to come up with a new local development approach
Mardiansjah, Fadjar Hari, and Fadjar Hari Mardiansjah. "Urbanisation durable des territoires et politiques de développement urbain en Indonésie : étude de trois kabupaten en voie d'urbanisation rapide dans l'île de Java." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00995601.
Full textDelahaye, Emmanuelle. "Les espaces fluvio-urbains rhodaniens à l’aval de Lyon : vienne, Valence, Avignon, Tarascon, Beaucaire et Arles : des territoires à la dérive ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20002/document.
Full textThe urban river spaces in the lower Rhône valley are a special case in the international waterfront redevelopment process that began during the sixties. There has been no significant restructuring of Rhône riverfronts downstream of Lyon in spite of their urbanistic potential and the wishes expressed by some local authorities. The urban heritage of the Rhône riverbanks is ossified or neglected and sometimes completely abandoned. This lack of action concerning the waterfronts reflects the paradoxical situation concerning the Rhône valley: a combination of inert towns and an imposing river that has been highly developed. It also shows that waterfront redevelopment is neither a systematic nor a universal process.The marginalization of these river-banks is due to factors related to both the hydrosystem and the social system. The hydrology of the river acts as a constraint on urban planning, and the Rhône riverfronts also suffer from problems caused by deficiencies in the various bodies involved and from the heavy road infrastructures built on the river-banks. A complex administrative and legislative framework further hampers the urban redevelopment of the river spaces.Poor management of these riverfront spaces combines with failures in flood risk policies. Cities struggle to apply safety politics because the Rhône presents a specific and changing risk and because of the passivity of the urban actors. However, as the risk has become a political issue, it has turned out to be a driving force behind the development of the Rhône riverbank area. An integrated sustainable development project named “Plan Rhône” aims at coordinating risk management in the whole of the river basin, and is the first step in territorial renewal. The towns are not yet involved in this project
Drozdz, Martine. "Regeneration b(d)oom : territoires et politique de la régénération urbaine par projet à Londres." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20088.
Full textThe inner city was at the margin and in decline for most of the second half of the 20th century. Today it is an essential part in London's development strategy. It works as a relief valve for the social and spatial pressure induced by globalisation in the capital city of the United Kingdom. Regeneration policies are the political and spatial model driving this transformation. From the late 1980s the regeneration consensus revolved around three principles: it had to be funded by property-led entrepreneurial investments, distributed by competitions between territories and governed by public-private partnerships, thus realising the neoliberalisation of space.However, the delivery of regeneration projects in old inner city areas is discontinuous and incomplete. Itmakes space for numerous state interventions which show that we are far from a complete withdrawal of thestate. In the 2000s, New Labour policies append new norms to the regeneration model: the notions ofdurability, acknowledgement of minority rights, and the imperative to become more participative. In Londonthis has led to the creation of the "opportunity areas" policy, which has attempted to propel the development of the inner city by the boom of the property markets on the edge of the city centre. In the absence of stronger coercing distributive mechanisms, we show that this policy has in fact led to the faster privatisation of public housing and extended the range of "new-built gentrification". The Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition have dismantled many of the regeneration participative regimes. In some cases, austerity policies have triggered the privatisation of core functions in local urban democracy. This model, with its shortcomings and injustice, is criticized in the public sphere but protests remain fragmented and are struggling to become established, because of the very geography of project-based regeneration
Cenci, Jérémy. "La résilience des territoires industriels en mutation : le rôle de la valorisation du patrimoine : étude de cas du bassin transfrontalier sambrien (France – Belgique)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10118.
Full textThe economic crises of recent decades have resulted in the appearance across the country of numerous brownfield sites. In order to remain resilient, and with a view to urban regeneration, the country will need to make strategic decisions in terms of the preservation, conversion or destruction of industrial relicts. At the same time, the rise in population, consumption and changing lifestyles require more and more space for urban development. It now appears that priority should be given to the remediation of these disused industrial sites in order to reinvest them with new functions and architectural forms. Still, is it really necessary to destroy everything when doing so means losing so much in terms of the cultural legacy and identity represented by these brownfield sites? To find a solution to this problem, an evaluation grid to identify the disused industrial sites of high legacy value has been created using the concept of territorial resilience. To this end, we have drawn on the notions of heritage and symbolism, and the capacities for resistance and bifurcation. In order to confirm and support our research hypotheses, a number of post-industrial areas that have benefited from major redevelopments were analysed. In addition, a study site has been selected: the Val de Sambre, which has experienced both industrialisation and industrial decline. Numerous current post-industrial remains allow us to experiment with our evaluation grid and assess the disused industrial sites most suitable for redevelopment
Trommenschlager, Marion. "Évolution du commerce et des formes urbaines à travers la transformation numérique." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20008/document.
Full textDue to the social acceleration of "late modernity", new political and economic issues are taking more space in territorial compositions. Confronting them with a strong recomposition of temporalities that affect the lived world. The digital transformation is not the cause but is part of this dynamic "ephemeral present"? And is likely to strengthen it in concrete terms at various levels of scale. The aim of this work is to understand is to understand how the relations between commercial forms and spatial forms are recomposed, redrawn by the numerical mutation. By studying, within the framework of a CIFRE, the respective evolutions of the shops and the territory of Rennes’s city center. The current research program will help you understad the link between city practices, commercial practices, places and spaces, but also temporalities.This research program takes part of the "Between Form and Standards" program of the PREFIcs team. It is based on an extended conception of the logics of information and communication which consider that information, to make sens, symbolically, must also be a process of formatting, considering the articulation of organizational forms. This research paper therefore questions the reconfiguration in space and time, those of public spheres and material assignments as a framework for commercial logics and consumption imaginaries
Greiner, Nicolas. "Le déploiement spatial du numérique : temps long et effets nationaux. Étude comparative des espaces industrialo-urbains dans l’espace transfrontalier de la Grande Région." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0120.
Full textThe penetration of digital technology into urban spaces is renewing urban planning practices and modes of governance. The concept of ‘smart city' has emerged in public debate to describe this process. The widely accepted idea is that this is a predominantly metropolitan dynamic for a phenomenon that is ubiquitous in all countries. In contrast, the aim of this research is to examine the digital anchoring in non-metropolitan areas, in this case industrial and mining areas, and in different national contexts. By analysing the development of these areas over long time, and by measuring practices observed on platforms and social networks, the research enables us to test the factors that play the most direct role on the digital penetration of digital technology between, on the one hand, the hypothesis of trajectories and, on the other, the hypothesis of national contexts of belonging. Lastly, semi-directive interviews were used to assess the strategies and representations of the players involved in the process of digital penetration within their territory. The field of study is the cross-border area of the Greater Region, which includes regions developed in the wake of the second industrial revolution, and belonging to four different countries (Germany, Belgium, France and Luxembourg). The results show that national contexts and trajectories are factors that affect the practices observed in the use of digital tools and the ways in which they are deployed. Finally, many organisational obstacles inherited from the socio-technical dynamics of the last century can be observed in all regions
Tafuri, Cédric. "Dynamiques urbaines et enjeux du patrimoine au sud-Bénin : évolution et perspectives pour Porto-Novo et sa région." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3089.
Full textThe Porto Novo region, an inherited cultural territory in the south of Benin, in West Africa, is part of a growing conurbation (between Cotonou and Porto Novo) with rapid urbanization, urban sprawl and functional mutations in the use of space.Porto Novo - the political capital of Benin, outdistanced demographically and economically by its neighbor Cotonou - and the Porto Novo region, like other African territories have, in recent years, both undergone a dynamic of "patrimonialisation" (granting of heritage status) and claiming of identity, while a movement to give new value to its traditions and support local governance has been encouraged by international authorities and sponsors.The question of "patrimonialisation", through its appropriation by the actors involved in the management and development of the territories, first and foremost suggests that light should be thrown on the current social and cultural dynamics at work and what is at stake territorially speaking in the Porto Novo region. While decentralization is increasingly evident, the town and its region are also currently at the centre of rivalries over politics and identity in which the patrimony seems to play a strategic part in the game of the territorial actors
Boutaud, Aurélien. "Le développement durable : penser le changement ou changer le pansement ? : bilan et analyse des outils d'évaluation des politiques publiques locales en matière de développement durable en France : de l'émergence d'un changement dans les modes de faire au défi d'un changement dans les modes de penser." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781187.
Full textLe, Bot Nils. "Quel avenir pour les gares métropolitaines françaises et allemandes ? analyse prospective de la dialectique « système gare » : ville, face au devenir des politiques publiques françaises & allemandes en matière de transport." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20068/document.
Full textThis urban planning thesis aims to reflect on the future of French and German metropolitan stations by 2050. It questions the foundations of the station as a conceptual urban thing (considered as a system) and suggests as a hypothesis that it might somehow have autonomous properties. Among these properties, it is the process of expansion and ever renewed and conflictual dialogue between the station and its surrounding urban fabric which guides this research; particularly its link to metropolises’ hypermobility. To do this, this thesis calls up four study sites: the main stations in Cologne and Stuttgart in Germany, and the Paris-Montparnasse and Lyon-Part-Dieu stations in France; and starts with a detailed history of their morphological evolutions, to identify a series of architectonic and urban variables. In a second stage, it proceeds to a series of prospective analyses, allowing us to evaluate the possible influence of public transport and mobility policies on the conceptual future of stations. This thesis then puts forward the concept of a station-system, to describe the expansion and integration of metropolitan stations within their urban environment; a process of dialectic negotiation which does not resolve itself within the concept of stations as a living/urban space. It therefore invites us to think of stations as a heterotopia, and puts forward a depolarised and dehierarchised reading of these spaces, introducing the concepts of station orchestras and metastations. Finally, this research suggests a critical reading of the “smart city” and the concept of “mobility as a service”. To avoid that stations move to a just-in-time model which could potentially be damaging, the application of these concepts to stations cannot avoid a simultaneous increase of physical spaces
Diese Doktorarbeit im Bereich der Stadtplanung zielt darauf ab, sich mit der Zukunft der französischen und deutschen Metropol-Großbahnhöfe bis zum Jahr 2050 auseinanderzusetzen. Sie hinterfragt die Grundprinzipien des Bahnhofs als konzeptuelles urbanes Objekt (welchem sich als System angenähert wird) und formuliert die Hypothese, dass der Bahnhof als Objekt oder System in gewisser Weise autonome Eigenschaften hat. Zu diesen Eigenschaften gehört der diese Forschungsarbeit prägende Prozess der Expansion und des ständig erneuerten und konfliktgeladenen Dialogs zwischen Bahnhof und umliegenden städtischen Strukturen. Ein Augenmerk liegt hierbei auf der Beziehung dieses Expansionsprozesses und Dialoges zur Hypermobilität von Ballungsräumen. Zu diesem Zweck beschäftigt sich diese Arbeit mit vier Forschungsgegenständen: den Hauptbahnhöfen Köln und Stuttgart in Deutschland und den Großbahnhöfen Paris-Montparnasse und Lyon-Part-Dieu in Frankreich; und stellt zu Beginn eine detaillierte Geschichte der morphologischen Entwicklung derselben dar, um eine Reihe von architektonischen und urbanen Variablen zu identifizieren. Anschließend werden prospektive Analysen durchgeführt, die es ermöglichen, den möglichen Einfluss der aktuellen und geplanten Verkehrspolitik auf die Zukunft des Konzepts Bahnhof zu bewerten. Sodann wird das Konzept des Bahnhofssystems (système-gare) vorgeschlagen, um die Expansion von Großbahnhöfen und deren Integration in ihr urbanes Umfeld zu beschreiben; ein dialektischer Verhandlungsprozess, der vom Konzept des Bahnhofs als Lebensraum und Stadtraum/-ort nicht hinreichend erfasst wird. Die Arbeit lädt dazu ein, Bahnhöfe als Heterotopien zu betrachten und schlägt eine entpolarisierte und de-hierarchische Lesart dieser Räume vor, indem die Konzepte Bahnhofs- Orchester und Meta-Bahnhof eingeführt werden. Schließlich erfolgt eine Auseinandersetzung mit der “Smart City” und dem Konzept der “Mobilität als Dienstleistung”, die sich insbesondere kritisch mit dem Umstand befasst, dass beide Ansätze den aufgrund der Zunahme des Verkehrs und zur Vermeidung einer potentiell schädlichen Just-in-time Organisation in Bahnhöfen notwendigen Ausbau der Bahnhöfe nicht vermeiden können
Bridonneau, Marie. "Lalibela, une petite ville d’Éthiopie amarrée au monde : analyse des recompositions spatiales, sociales et politiques dans une petite ville patrimoniale, sacrée et touristique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100025.
Full textThis thesis questions the spatial, social and political reshaping going on in a small, holy, with a rich heritage touristic town. Lalibela is a small town with its churches, registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List, linking intensely the town to theworld. This research is largely based on a field survey resolutely qualitative, with participative observation work and interviews. Space is analyzed in the particular context of a resettlement, that is to say in a time of crisis with the eviction of the inhabitants who lived around the churches and their relocation in the outskirts of the city. The analysis of the legitimization and of the implementation of the resettlement highlights the weight of public power and of different international actors in the reorganization of the local space. With other spaces and other particular times such as religious celebrations, cultural festivals and public consultations, it seems that Lalibela is a small town in which international actors but also Ethiopian actors particularly linked to globalized space are boosting an opening to the world. The internationalization of Lalibela is also achieved locally. It establishes itself in landscapes and new spatial forms with the objectiveof reinforcing touristic attractiveness. In addition, some dwellers are creating a new connection to the world and are reaping advantages from the possibility of interaction with foreigners offeredby touristic activity. But as internationalization grows, Ethiopian political space still remains meaningful in local dynamics. This research shows that spatial, social and political recombination in Lalibela correspond to a three-cornered relationship between local social space, the importance of the State and of an Ethiopian political culture, and the globalized logics and actors
Guéraut, Élie. "Ascension et fragilisation d'une petite bourgeoisie culturelle : une enquête ethnographique dans une ville moyenne en déclin." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB156.
Full text"New bourgeoisie" (Bourdieu, 1979), "new middle layers" (Bidou, 1984), "gentrifiers" (Collet, 2015), "bobos" (Brooks, 2000), "progressive bourgeoisie" (Tissot, 2011), etc., for more than forty years now, the learned and ordinary qualifiers which designate the intellectual fractions of the middle and upper classes are not lacking. This abundance is of course linked to the social heterogeneity of these populations, which, captured through different socio-spatial periods and contexts, have little in common but a tendency to accumulate and valorize cultural capital. However, this research focuses their attention on the single case of large urban areas, leaving behind that of small and medium-sized cities (urban units of less than 100,000 inhabitants), which nevertheless provide strong territorial functions and concentrate close to one third of the French population (INSEE, RP 2013). This thesis is based on ethnographic and statistical material collected as part of a long-term localized survey (2010-2018). It questions the reproduction crisis of the "cultural pole" of a declining middle city (Nevers) and thus places the focus on these spaces on the fringes of the large agglomerations and gentrification dynamics that are observed there. Consisting of direct and indirect employees of the decentralized and deconcentrated "left hand of the state", artists, activists and political activists, the cultural center of Nevers knew a significant rise in the 1980s and 1990s, driven by cultural policies. so-called "democratization", the development of the Territorial Public Service, as well as the professionalization of the associative world (chapters 1 and 2). This rise, however, only concerns the generation born in the 1960s, whose members, who became elected socialists, recognized visual artists, directors of associations, cultural institutions and community services, formed in the 2000s a small bourgeoisie cultural heritage. It is opposed to the generations born in the 1970s and 1980s, who, despite the experience of higher education in a large city and their involvement in associative and artistic activities, do not meet the success of "militant reconversions" of their elders (chapters 3 and 4). This weakening of the group, under the combined effects of policies to reduce public spending and dynamics called "metropolisation", is redoubled by the defeat of the Socialists in the municipal elections of 2014, after forty-three years in power, in favor of a new majority composed of elected "without label", UMP and UDI. The decline of the cultural center of Nevers is then due to several factors: crisis of political representation, precariousness and uncertainty at work for the younger generations, threat of the work of appropriation of the public space and certain places of sociability (cafes associations, cultural facilities, etc.). Around this collective downward trajectory, there is a strong tendency towards affinity aggregation and the rejection of social otherness in the sociability behaviors of this group of nter- knowledge. For example, the population growth of the marginalized working class in the city center is commentated with concern and regret, giving rise to particularly acute manifestations of social contempt, which can be seen without any attempt at euphemism or concealment (chapter 6)
Lefèvre, Benjamin. "La fabrique urbaine d'Angers du 3e au 13e siècle." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551376.
Full textKaboli, Mohammad Hadi. "Operational research on an urban planning tool : application in the urban development of Strasbourg 1982." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057695.
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