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YONG, CHEN-CHEN, SIEW-YONG YEW, and MUI-YIN CHIN. "SPATIAL PANEL ANALYSIS ON ASEAN–CHINA TRADE LINKS." Singapore Economic Review 64, no. 03 (May 26, 2019): 709–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590816500272.
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The change of trade structures from the dynamic development of production networks globally had caused processing trade to become more prominent in China. This change drives ASEAN5 to be more aggressive in developing vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT) with China. This study aims to identify the catalysts that strengthened the VIIT relationship between ASEAN5 and China for manufacturing sub-sectors. Both decomposition-type threshold method and spatial panel econometric modelling are used and the results show that foreign direct investment (FDI) and difference in gross domestic products (DGDP) are the influential determinants of VIIT although their impacts vary across manufacturing sub-sectors. The results also confirm the presence of spatial interaction effects among ASEAN5 countries in relation to China’s trade. These suggest that deeper economic integration among ASEAN5 countries is vital in strengthening bilateral VIIT with China. Moreover, to foster the value chain between the two regions, emphasis on performing similar tasks with differentiated varieties of products is essential as the two regions have similar comparative advantages.
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Thorpe, Michael William, and Nuno Carlos Leitão. "Determinants of United States’ Vertical and Horizontal Intra-Industry Trade." Global Economy Journal 13, no. 2 (June 2013): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2013-0019.
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This paper investigates bilateral intra-industry trade between the United States and its major trading partners over the period 1995–2008. Intra-industry trade (IIT) is decomposed into horizontal (HIIT) and vertical (VIIT) components. HIIT dominates the total two-way trade of the United States and its share relative to VIIT has been rising over time, particularly with neighbouring trade partners and with China. Using pooled panel data, country-level determinants of IIT, HIIT and VIIT are investigated. The results, overall, tend to conform with a priori expectations and provide empirical support for a number of propositions suggested by theory. Findings indicate that the relative similarity of the economies of trading partners, their geographical proximity, FDI and overall market size are important influences on bilateral HIIT flows for the United States. VIIT, on the other hand, is found to be driven in large part by economic differences between partners as well as the market size and closeness of trading partners.
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Wakasugi, Ryuhei. "Vertical Intra-Industry Trade and Economic Integration in East Asia." Asian Economic Papers 6, no. 1 (February 2007): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2007.6.1.26.
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It is notable that the trade in East Asian countries has increased more than proportionately to the growth of economy. This paper tests the hypothesis that the recent trade expansion is induced by development of international fragmentation of production. This paper constructs an index of vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT) to measure the fragmentation of production, and finds that the share of VIIT has been rising in East Asia as well as in NAFTA and the EU using the gravity equation. It also establishes that a rising share of VIIT is an important factor in explaining the recent expansion of trade with East Asia. The results suggest that an agreement to remove and harmonize institutional impediments among East Asian countries is important for further expansion of trade within the region.
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Sotomayor, Maritza. "Vertical Specialization of Production: Critical Review and Empirical Evidence for the Mexican Manufacturing Industries 1994-2014." International Journal of Business and Social Research 6, no. 2 (March 19, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v6i2.926.
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<p>This paper surveys Vertical Specialization (VS) from different empirical approaches, including the various conceptualizations of VS, the problems with its quantification, and a case study. The empirical estimation of this paper refers to the Mexican manufacturing industry and the in-bond industry (also known as maquiladora). The purpose of this paper is to compare VS, through the application of the Vertical Intra-Industry Trade (VIIT) indexes, for maquiladora and non-maquiladora industries and to contrast the degree to which the maquiladora industry is integrated with the global value chain relative to the non-maquiladora activities for the 1994-2006 period. Furthermore, this paper quantifies VIIT for the post-maquiladora period (2007-2014) in order to discuss if there have been changes in the VIIT since the conclusion of the maquiladora program in 2006. In particular, this paper tests if the quality ladder hypothesis applies to Mexico for its bilateral trade with the United States and Canada. The empirical estimations show the remarkable differences between maquiladora and non-maquiladora VS and the impacts that changes in the NAFTA tariff schedule for the automotive industry have had on the bilateral trade pattern.</p>
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Ahmad, Ahmad, and Nipaah Nipaah. "PENGARUH EFEKTIVITAS DISTRAKTOR PADA ITEM TES PILIHAN GANDA TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA." Jurnal Varian 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/varian.v1i1.52.
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AbstrakAdapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh efektivitas distraktor terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas VII di MTs.N Model Kuripan Tahun Ajaran 2010/2011. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan bentuk penelitian ex post facto, dimana data yang dianalisis adalah data prestasi siwa yang sudah ada dan di dokumentasikan. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII MTs.N Kuripan Semester II (Genap) yang terdiri dari lima kelas yaitu VIIA,VIIB,VIIC,VIID, dan VIIE. Dan pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan populasi penelitian yaitu semua kelas VII yang berjumlah 127 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang dilakukan dengan persamaan regresi sederhana diperoleh nilai F hitung lebih besar dari F tabel sehingga dapat di simpulkan ada pengaruh negatif efektivitas ditraktor terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas VII di MTs.N Model Kuripan Tahun Ajaran 2010/2011. AbstrakAdapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh efektivitas distraktor terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas VII di MTs.N Model Kuripan Tahun Ajaran 2010/2011. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan bentuk penelitian ex post facto, dimana data yang dianalisis adalah data prestasi siwa yang sudah ada dan di dokumentasikan. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII MTs.N Kuripan Semester II (Genap) yang terdiri dari lima kelas yaitu VIIA,VIIB,VIIC,VIID, dan VIIE. Dan pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan populasi penelitian yaitu semua kelas VII yang berjumlah 127 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang dilakukan dengan persamaan regresi sederhana diperoleh nilai F hitung lebih besar dari F tabel sehingga dapat di simpulkan ada pengaruh negatif efektivitas ditraktor terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas VII di MTs.N Model Kuripan Tahun Ajaran 2010/2011. Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Distraktor, Prestasi Belajar
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Burange, L. G., and Hemangi K. Kelkar. "Product Quality Index: A New Way to Classify Intra-industry Trade." Foreign Trade Review 54, no. 4 (November 2019): 408–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732519874227.
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The increasing intra-industry trade (IIT) gives an impetus to theoretical foundations of new trade theories. For the empirical assessment, the measurement and segregation of IIT become very essential. On the basis of quality of product, IIT is segregated into two parts. First is based on qualitative differentiation of the products known as vertical IIT (VIIT) and the second is based on the differentiation of the products called as horizontal IIT (HIIT). The work of Greenaway, Hine, and Milner (1994, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 130(1), 77–100), Fontagné and Freudenberg (1997, Intra-industry trade: Methodological issues reconsidered, Paris: Centre d’Études Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales) and Azhar and Elliott (2006, Review of World Economics, 142(3), 476–495) are some of the milestones in the methodological development of IIT. However, these methods are not free from certain shortcomings. Thus, the article attempts to extend the measurement technique with product quality index (PQI) to overcome the existing shortcomings such as arbitrariness of dispersion limit and bias in the classification of IIT into HIIT and VIIT. JEL Code: F140
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Rádl, Stanislav, and Pavel Hradil. "Synthesis of some 1-alkyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,7-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 11 (1991): 2420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19912420.
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Reaction of substituted 2-aminopyridines IIIa, IIIb, IIIe, and IIIf with ethyl ethoxymethylene malonate provided corresponding pyridylaminomethylenemalonates Va-Vd, respectively. Thermal cyclization of Va, Vc, and Vd yielded substituted ethyl 4-hydroxy-1,7-naphthyridine-3-carboxylates VIa, VIc, and VId. Compounds VIc and VId treated with morpholine gave 8-morpholino derivatives VIe and VIf. These compounds were ethylated to mixtures of N-ethylated (VIIa, VIIb) and O-ethylated products (VIIIa, VIIIb). Compound VIIIb was also prepared from ethyl 4-chloro-6-fluoro-8-morpholino-1,7-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate VIIIc and sodium ethanolate. Esters VIIa and VIIb were hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to the respective acids VIIc and VIId.
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Rádl, Stanislav, Lenka Kovářová, Jaroslav Moural, and Radoslava Bendová. "Structural modification and new methods for preparation of ofloxacin analogs." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 9 (1991): 1937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19911937.
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Reaction of ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoyl)-3-ethoxyacrylate IIb with 2-amino-1-propanol provided corresponding compound IIIb which under alkaline conditions underwent an aromatic denitrocyclization reaction which after alkaline saponification provided 10-chloro-9-fluoro-3-methyl-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid Vd. Treatment of 8-hydroxyquinolone VIII with 3-bromopropyne in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate provided methylene derivative VIIb which was saponified into a appropriate acid VIIc. Compound VIIb treated with N-methylpiperazine and then saponified yielded VIIa. Hydrogenation of 3-methylene derivative VIIb provided 3-methyl derivative Va.
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Garde, C. S. "VIIT-TIFR Collaboration for Final Year Engineering Undergraduate Projects:A Novel Paradigm." Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 30, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2016/v30i2/105457.
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Valenta, Vladimír, Jiří Holubek, Emil Svátek, Oluše Matoušová, Jiřina Metyšová, and Miroslav Protiva. "Potential neuroleptics of the orthopramide series; synthesis of heterocyclic 5-amino-2-methoxybenzamides and of some related compounds." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 5 (1990): 1297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19901297.
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2-Methoxy-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride was reacted with 2-(aminomethyl)-1-ethylpyrrolidine, 3-amino-1-ethylpiperidine, 4-amino-1-benzylpiperidine, 1-benzylpiperazine, and 1-amino-4-benzylpiperazine and gave the N-substituted 2-methoxy-5-nitrobenzamides VIa-VIe. Their reduction with hydrazine hydrate and Raney nickel in ethanol afforded the corresponding 5-amino-2-methoxybenzamides VIIa-VIIe. The amino amides VIIb and VIIc were transformed to methylamino compounds XIb and XIc via the 4-toluenesulfonamides VIIIb and VIIIc and the N-methyl-4-toluenesulfonamides Xb and Xc. The N-(1-benzyl-4-piperidinyl)amides VIc, VIIc and XIc were found to be mild neuroleptics having antiapomorphine, some cataleptic and some ataxic activity.
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Ambroziak, Łukasz. "FDI and Intra-industry Trade in the Automotive Industry in the New EU Member States." International Journal of Management and Economics 52, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2016-0025.
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Abstract This paper investigates the extent to which foreign direct investment (FDI) influenced intra-industry trade (IIT) in automotive products in six New EU Member States (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) in the 1995–2014 period. Changes in IIT intensity are analysed using the Grubel-Lloyd indices. To examine the IIT pattern, IIT indices are divided into two types of trade: IIT in vertically differentiated products (low and high quality VIIT) and IIT in horizontally differentiated products (HIIT). The research indicates that IIT in automotive products allowed manufacturers and consumers from the new EU Member States to benefit more from international trade. FDI inflow to the automotive sector of the NMS has been a key factor shaping IIT in automotive products.
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Leitão, Nuno Carlos. "GMM Estimator: An Application to Intraindustry Trade." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/857824.
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This paper investigates the determinants of intraindustry trade (IIT), horizontal IIT (HIIT), and Vertical IIT (VIIT) in the automobile industry in Portugal. The trade in this sector between Portugal and the European Union (EU-27) was examined, between 1995 and 2008, using a dynamic panel data. We apply the GMM system to solve the problems of serial correlation and the endogeneity of some explanatory variables. The findings are consistent with the literature. The difference between per capita incomes and factor endowments present a positive sign. These results are according to Heckscher-Ohlin predictions. The economic dimension has a positive impact on trade. A negative effect of the distance on bilateral trade was expected and the results confirm this, underlining the importance of neighbour partnerships for all trade.
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Mahé, Kélig, Elise Bellamy, Jean Paul Delpech, Coline Lazard, Michèle Salaun, Yves Vérin, Franck Coppin, and Morgane Travers-Trolet. "Evidence of a relationship between weight and total length of marine fish in the North-eastern Atlantic Ocean: physiological, spatial and temporal variations." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 3 (December 29, 2016): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001752.
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Weight–Body Length relationships (WLR) of 45 fish species (37 Actinopterygii and eight Elasmobranchii) were investigated. A total of 31,167 individuals were caught and their biological parameters measured during the four quarters from 2013 to 2015, on five scientific surveys sampling the North-eastern Atlantic Ocean from the North Sea to the Bay of Biscay (ICES Divisions IVb, IVc, VIId, VIIe, VIIg, VIIh, VIIj, VIIIa and VIIIb). Among 45 tested species, all showed a significant correlation between total length (L) and total weight (W). The influence of sex on WLR was estimated for 39 species and presented a significant sexual dimorphism for 18 species. Condition factor (K) of females was always higher than for males. Moreover, a spatial effect on the WLR according to five ecoregions (the Bay of Biscay, the Celtic Sea, the Western English Channel, the Eastern English Channel and the North Sea), was significant for 18 species among 38 tested species. The temporal effect was tested according to components (year and quarter/season). The seasonality effect on WLR is more frequently significant than the year especially for the Elasmobranchii species, and can be related to the spawning season. Finally, depressiform species (skates, sharks and flatfish) are characterized by positive allometric growth, whereas there is no such clear pattern regarding roundfishes growth, whatever their body shape is.
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Marchalín, Štefan, and Josef Kuthan. "Synthesis of 3,5-dicyano-4-phenyl-2,6-bis(4-p-terphenylyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine. An attempt at extending the Hantzsch synthesis." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 9 (1985): 1962–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19851962.
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The 3-oxopropanenitrile IIIc, prepared from 4-acetyl-p-terphenyl (IV) by the sequence IV → V → VI → IIIc, reacts with benzaldehyde and ammonium acetate in acetic acid to give the Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine VIIc and the corresponding pyridine derivative VIIIc. The alternative cyclocondensation of benzylidene derivative IIc and 3-oxopropanenitrile IIIc in the presence of ammonium acetate exclusively gives the pyridine derivative VIIIc. Rate of thermal and oxidative aromatizations of the 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives, VIIa → VIIc → VIIIa → VIIIc, decreases in the order VIIc > VIIb > VIIa. Mechanism of these transformations and spectral characteristics of compounds VIIc and VIIIc are discussed with regard to their molecular structure.
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Ruijters, Manon C. P., and P. Robert-Jan Simons. "Professionalismi, õppimise ja identiteedi kontseptsioonide sidumine." Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakiri. Estonian Journal of Education 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/eha.2020.8.2.02a.
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Selles kontseptuaalses artiklis püüame ühendada mõned oma varasematest käsitustest uueks sidusaks õppija identiteedi mudeliks. Artikli esimeses osas esitame ülevaate teadusuuringutest ja teooriatest, mis käsitlevad professionaalset ja töökohal õppimist. Teises osas vaatleme töötamist nn õppe maastikul. See on metafoor, mida kasutame organisatsioonilise õppimise kirjeldamiseks. Kolmandas osas käsitleme õppimiseelistusi: kirjeldame viit töökohal õppimise viisi. Neljandas osas tutvustame õppiva professionaali kontseptsiooni. Viiendas osas anname ülevaate teadusuuringutest ja teooriatest, mis käsitlevad professionaalset identiteeti, mille lahutamatuteks osadeks on see, kes sa oled (inimesena), millist tööd (elukutse) ja kus sa seda teed (keskkond). Arutelu osas püüame selgitada, kuidas saab erinevaid mudeleid ühendada, diferentseerida ja lõimida. Kõikide käsitluste puhul lähtume professionaalsest identiteedist. Lõimitud kontseptuaalses küsimustikus võtame kogu teema kokku, pakume välja õppija identiteedi uue kontseptsiooni ja näitame, milliseid tulemusi annab professionaalse õppimiskultuuri soodustamine.
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Jarapula, Ravi, Kiran Gangarapu, Sarangapani Manda, and Sriram Rekulapally. "Synthesis, In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity, and Molecular Docking Studies of New Isatin Derivatives." International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2016 (February 14, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2181027.
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A novel synthesis of 2-hydroxy-N′-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) benzohydrazide derivatives was synthesized by the condensation of 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide with substituted isatins. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectral data. Further, the compounds were screened for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced paw edema method. The tested compounds have shown mild-to-moderate anti-inflammatory activity. The compounds VIIc and VIId exhibited 65% and 63% of paw edema reduction, respectively. The molecular docking studies were also carried out into the active site of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes (PDB ID: 3N8Y, 3LN1, resp.) using VLife MDS 4.3. The compounds VIIc, VIId, and VIIf exhibited good docking scores of −57.27, −62.02, and −58.18 onto the active site of COX-2 and least dock scores of −8.03, −9.17, and −8.94 on COX-1 enzymes and were comparable with standard COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. A significant correlation was observed between the in silico and the in vivo studies. The anti-inflammatory and docking results highlight the fact that the synthesized compounds VIIc, VIId, and VIIf could be considered as possible hit as therapeutic agents.
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Nonejad, Masoud. "Measuring Goods Quality in Iran’s Intra- Industry Trade with G-8 Member States." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 4, no. 6 (June 15, 2012): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v4i6.334.
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As economic integration in East Asia progresses, trade patterns within region are displaying an ever – greater complexity. Though inter – industry trade still accounts for the majority, its share in overall trade is declining. Instead, intra – industry trade (IIT), which can be further divided into horizontal IIT (HIIT) and vertical IIT (VIIT) is growing in importance. In this paper, we set out and examine different kinds of intra- industry trade between Iran and G-8 member states by comparing the Greenway, Hine and Milner (1994) and Fontagne and Freudenberg (1997) approaches to disentangling vertical and horizontal intra – industry trade. Then we introduce and examine a new index from Azhar and Elliott to define product quality types between Iran and G-8 members for the time of 2001-2009. Result shows that a significant share of Iran’s industry trade with G-8 state members has been assigned to vertical intra – industry trade. With regarded to Azhar and Elliott index, the main share of intra- industry trade consists of low quality goods.
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Aggarwal, Sakshi, and Debashis Chakraborty. "Determinants of India’s Bilateral Intra-industry Trade over 2001–2015." South Asia Economic Journal 18, no. 2 (September 2017): 296–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561417713127.
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Over the last decade India’s integration in international production networks (IPNs) has deepened, with growing simultaneous export and import within product categories. This has been facilitated by India’s entry into several regional trade agreements (RTAs) and multilateral tariff and non-tariff barriers reforms. The present paper examines the patterns and determinants of aggregate bilateral intra-industry trade (IIT) between India and 25 major trading partners during 2001–2015 in a panel data framework. India’s bilateral IIT indices with select countries generally display an upward trend over the sample period. The empirical results indicate that vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT) significantly explains India’s IIT pattern with the selected countries. The analysis further concludes that trade facilitation among the trading partners may significantly enhance bilateral IIT level with respect to India’s high-income partners, while the same effect is non-significant for low-income countries. Interestingly, the preferential trade dummy is found to be non-significant, implying limited influence of the RTA partnerships on India’s aggregate bilateral IIT. The empirical results underline the need for fast-tracking the trade facilitation-related reforms.
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Endová, Magdalena, Eva Klinotová, Jan Sejbal, Bohumil Máca, Jiří Klinot, and Jiří Protiva. "Preparation of 2,3-Secodiacids of the Lupane Series." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 6 (1994): 1420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19941420.
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2,3-Seco-2,3-diacids of the 28-hydroxy-20(29)-lupene and 28-hydroxylupane series (VIIa and VIIb, respectively) and their derivatives VIII - XIV were prepared from 28-acetoxy-20(29)-lupen-3-one (IIIa) and 28-acetoxy-3-lupanone (IIIb), respectively, by oxidation to diosphenols Va and Vb and subsequent oxidative cleavage of the C(2)-C(3) bond.
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Kmoníček, Vojtěch, Emil Svátek, Jiří Holubek, and Miroslav Protiva. "Synthesis of potential neuroleptics and tranquillizers: 2-(tert.Amino)-9-(3-dimethylaminopropylidene)thioxanthenes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 4 (1986): 937–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19860937.
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4-Dimethylamino-, 4-pyrrolidino-, 4-piperidino-, 4-morpholino- and 4-(4-methylpiperazino)-thiophenol (IIIa-IIIe), which were prepared by two methods and characterized as the 2,4-dinitrodiphenyl sulfides IVb-IVe, were transformed by treatment with 2-iodobenzoic acid and copper in aqueous potassium hydroxide to 2-(4-tert.aminophenylthio)benzoic acids (Va-Ve). Cyclization with polyphosphoric acid gave thioxanthones VIa-VIe which were treated with 3-dimethylaminopropylmagnesium chloride to give the diamino alcohols VIIa-VIId. VIIa, VIIc and VIId were dehydrated by heating with dilute sulfuric acid which resulted in mixtures of geometrical isomers of the olefinic bases Ia, Ic and Id. Crystallization of bases or salts led to homogeneous or almost homogeneous (Z)-isomers belonging to the active chlorprothixene series. The products are devoid of cataleptic and antiapomorphine activities and show only some properties of mild tranquillizers
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Kitsnik, Mare, and Helena Metslang. "Eestikeelset aineõpet mõjutavad tegurid: vene koolijuhtide seisukohti ja strateegiaid." Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakiri. Estonian Journal of Education 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 202–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/eha.2015.3.1.09.
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Aastatel 2007–2012 läksid vene õppekeelega koolid üle kohustuslikule eestikeelsele aineõppele. Alates 2011. aastast õpivad kõik 10. klassi astuvad noored gümnaasiumis kohustuslikult 60% aineid eesti keeles, sh riikliku õppekavaga määratud viit ainet. Koolijuhid näevad eestikeelse aineõppe kasu õpilastele ning arendavad muudatuste elluviimise raskusest hoolimata programmi edasi. Artiklis käsitleme juhtide hinnanguid eestikeelset aineõpet mõjutavatele teguritele ning nende strateegiaid eestikeelse aineõppe arendamisel. Toetudes uuringule "Kakskeelne õpe vene õppekeelega koolis" (Metslang et al., 2013), kirjeldame direktorite ja õppejuhatajate peamisi muresid, mis on seotud eestikeelse ainekava rakendamisega muudatuse algusetapil. Kasutame selleks 2012. aasta sügisel kuues koolis korraldatud 12 juhiintervjuu tulemusi. Võrdleme neid 77 tunnivaatluse käigus ning õpilaste ja õpetajate anketeerimise ja fookusrühma intervjuude teel kogutud andmetega. Uuringust selgus, et olulisteks probleemideks on sobivate õpetajate leidmine, gümnaasiumiastujate vähene eesti keele oskus ja keeleõppe motivatsioon ning õpilaste kesised õpioskused. Vaatleme, kas juhid rakendavad strateegiaid nende probleemide lahendamiseks. Artiklis tõuseb esile vajadus suurendada direktorite ja õppejuhatajate teadmisi kakskeelse haridusprogrammi juhtimisest. Kuna õppeprogrammi järgi algab kohustuslik teiskeelne õpe alles gümnaasiumiastmes, on Eesti mudel maailma kakskeelse hariduse kontekstis haruldane. Levinud mudelite puhul alustavad õpilased teiskeelset õpet nooremas eas: alates lasteaiast, algkoolist või põhikoolist. Artiklis analüüsime Eesti mudeli tulemuslikkust eri programmikomponentide mõju uurimise kaudu. Summary
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Huang(黄辰亮), Chenliang, David R. Rice, Zachary M. Grande, Dean Smith, Jesse S. Smith, John H. Boisvert, Oliver Tschauner, Ashkan Salamat, and Jason H. Steffen. "Implications of an improved water equation of state for water-rich planets." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 2 (March 8, 2021): 2825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab645.
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ABSTRACT Water (H2O), in all forms, is an important constituent in planetary bodies, controlling habitability and influencing geological activity. Under conditions found in the interior of many planets, as the pressure increases, the H-bonds in water gradually weaken and are replaced by ionic bonds. Recent experimental measurements of the water equation of state (EOS) showed both a new phase of H-bonded water ice, ice-VIIt, and a relatively low transition pressure just above 30 GPa to ionic bonded ice-X, which has a bulk modulus 2.5 times larger. The higher bulk modulus of ice-X produces larger planets for a given mass, thereby either reducing the atmospheric contribution to the volume of many exoplanets or limiting their water content. We investigate the impact of the new EOS measurements on the planetary mass–radius relation and interior structure for water-rich planets. We find that the change in the planet mass–radius relation caused by the systematic differences between previous and new experimental EOS measurements is comparable to the observational uncertainties in some planet sizes – an issue that will become more important as observations continue to improve.
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Pouzar, Vladimír, Hana Chodounská, Ivan Černý, and Pavel Drašar. "Derivatives of 5α-androstan-3α- and 3β-ol with acrylonitrile side chain." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 12 (1991): 2906–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19912906.
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Aldehydes II - III were reacted with diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate and sodium hydride in 1,2-dimethoxyethane to give the respective pairs of unsaturated nitriles IVa and Va, VIa and VIIa, and VIIIa and IXa differing in configuration at the 20(21)-double bond. The pure isomers were obtained by chromatography on alumina, and the configuration at the double bond in them has been established on the basis of the coupling constants J(20, 21) in their 1H NMR spectra. Nitriles IVa - VIIa and IXa were converted via the corresponding hydroxy derivatives into hemisuccinates IVd - VIId and IXd, and into β-D-glucosides IVe - VIIe and IXe.
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Buděšínský, Miloš, Miloslav Černý, Ivan Černý, Stanislav Sámek, and Tomáš Trnka. "Preparation of β-D-Glucopyranosyl Derivatives of 1,6:2,3- and 1,6:3,4-Dianhydro-β-D-hexopyranoses and Their 1H and 13C NMR Spectra." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 2 (1995): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19950311.
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The corresponding acetylated and free 2-O- and 4-O-glucosyl derivatives of dianhydrohexoses Ib - VIIb and Ic - VIIc have been obtained by the reactions of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide (IX) with 1,6:3,4- and 1,6:2,3-dianhydro-β-D-hexopyranoses (Ia - VIIa). Structure of the products and the effects of glycosylation upon chemical shifts and conformations of the disaccharides prepared have been studied using 1H and 13C NMR spectra.
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St Quinton, John. "Semantic Category theory and Semantic Intertwine: the anathema of mathematics." Kybernetes 43, no. 8 (August 26, 2014): 1183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2014-0141.
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Purpose – The recent scientific observation that human information processing involves four independent data types, has pinpointed a source of fallacious arguments within many domains of human thought. The species-unique ability to assign observable characteristics to purely conceptual entities has created beautiful poetry and literature. However, this ability to generate “Semantic Intertwine” has also created the most incomprehensible paradoxes and conundrums. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Semantic Intertwine can be created between, or within, Semantic Categories; and in either case it then lies at the heart of fallacious, yet often very persuasive, reasoning. Findings – This paper describes how to detect mathematically related Semantic Intertwine in erroneous arguments involving: operands (VIII), mathematical induction (VIIA), orthogonal axiom sets (VIIB), continuous functions (VIIA), exclusive disjunction (VIIA), propositional calculus (VI) and the hitherto thorny problems arising from ambiguous intra-category use of “infinity” (VIIB). Originality/value – The applications of Semantic Category Analysis (SCA) are manifold. Determine the Semantic Categories involved in an argument and their modes of combination, and any Semantic Intertwine revealed pinpoints erroneous reasoning. SCA can be applied to any domain of human thought.
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Rocha, Francisco, Joaquín Gracia, Ángel F. González, Carlos M. Jardón, and Ángel Guerra. "Reliability of a model based on a short fishery statistics survey: application to the Northeast Atlantic monkfish fishery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2003.10.006.
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Abstract A model based on a short fishery statistics survey was applied to estimate catch and catch per unit effort (cpue) of the Galician monkfish (Lophius spp.) trawl fleet during 1998. In all, 35 interviews were conducted with fisheries personnel in ICES Divisions IXa, VIIIc, VIIId, and VIIIe (coastal offshore fishing grounds) and 44 in VIIb, VIIc, VIIj, and VIIk (Grand Sole fishing ground). Reliability of the model estimates was tested using: (i) registered fish market landings at 38 ports; (ii) landings data from sale invoices at six of these ports (93.8% of total landings of the species); (iii) 29 observers' trips made on board coastal offshore trawlers and the logbook of one Grand Sole trawler. Estimated mean total catch from the model was 5110 t (602 t coastal offshore, 4508 t in Grand Sole) and cpue values were 36.2 kg haul−1 vessel−1 coastal offshore and 104.4 kg haul−1 vessel−1 Grand Sole. Differences between the values of cpue estimated by the model and those determined directly in both fisheries were not significant. However, there were differences between the total catch estimated by the model and the total landings deduced from sale invoices and Galician fish market information.
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Barbosa, Ana Mae, Sidiney Peterson, and Vitória Amaral. "Reflexões VI · VII · VIII." Communiars. Revista de Imagen, Artes y Educación Crítica y Social, no. 4 (2020): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/communiars.2020.i04.03.
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Holý, Antonín, Jitka Kohoutová, Aleš Merta, and Ivan Votruba. "9-(Aminoalkyl)-8-hydroxyadenines: Preparation, mechanism of formation and use in affinity chromatography of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 2 (1986): 459–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19860459.
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Bromine reacts with 9-(2-hydroxyethyl)- (Va), 9-(3-hydroxypropyl)- (Vb), 9-(2-hydroxypropyl)- (Vc), 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)- (Vd), 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propyl)- (Ve), 9-threo-(2,3-dihydroxybutyl)- (Vf) and 9-threo-(2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl)adenine (Vg) to give 8-bromoadenine derivatives (Vl). Reaction of compounds Vl with ammonia results in intramolecular cyclization to five- and six-membered cyclic esters which are regiospecifically opened to afford the respective 2-amino-alkyl-8-hydroxyadenines (VIIa, b) and 3-aminoalkyl-8-hydroxyadenines (VIIc-VIIf). Binding of compounds VII to CH-Sepharose 4B led to the polymeric material XIII capable of binding S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase. Compounds XIII derived from the amino derivatives VIIa, b, d are of affinity support character and liberate the enzyme only on elution with dilute adenosine solution.
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Horikawa, J., and N. Suga. "Biosonar signals and cerebellar auditory neurons of the mustached bat." Journal of Neurophysiology 55, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1247–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.55.6.1247.
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In the vermis (VIp, VIIa, VIIp, and VIII), crus, and paraflocculus of unanesthetized mustached bats Pteronotus parnellii parnellii, responses of single neurons to acoustic stimuli were studied. The stimuli delivered were constant-frequency (CF) tones, frequency-modulated (FM) sounds, noise bursts (NBs), and sounds similar to the orientation sounds (pulses) of the species and echoes. The effect of ablation of the cerebellar cortex on vocalization was also investigated to explore whether the cerebellum was involved in sound emission. In the cerebellum of the mustached bat, auditory neurons are predominantly tuned to frequencies within the bands between 23 and 30, 55 and 63, or 85 and 94 kHz, which are found in the first, second, and third harmonics of bat's biosonar signals, respectively. The first harmonic is represented in the paraflocculus. The second harmonic is represented in vermis VIp and VIIa and crus I and IIa. The third harmonic is mainly represented in vermis VIIp and crus IIp. Different lobules represent different frequencies, but there is no systematic tonotopic representation in each lobule. The resting frequency of the CF component of the second harmonic (CF2) of the pulse differs among bats. The majority of auditory neurons in vermis VIp and VIIa and crus IIa are tuned to the CF2 frequency of the bat's own pulse. The frequency-tuning curves of cerebellar neurons are broader than those of peripheral neurons, reflected in significantly lower quality factors of Q-10, -30, and -50 dBs. In vermis VIp and VIIa, there are tiny clusters of FM-FM and CF/CF combination-sensitive neurons. They show strong facilitation of responses when two FM or CF sounds are delivered with particular relationships in the frequency, amplitude, and time domains. Because the clusters of these combination-sensitive neurons in the cerebellum are so small, we found no sign of a systematic representation of certain acoustic parameters, unlike that found in the auditory cortex. In vermis VIp and VIIa, there is a large cluster of NB-sensitive neurons that are more sensitive to NBs than to CF tones. The wider the bandwidth of the NBs, the better are the responses of these NB-sensitive neurons. The ablation of the vermis (VIp, VIIa, and VIIp), crus, and paraflocculus increases the variation of the CF frequency of the pulse. The ablation of the crus and paraflocculus causes a clear increase in the variation of CF frequency. The ablation of vermis (VIp, VIIa, and VIIp) has only a small effect on the variation. Any of the above ablations has little effect on the repetition rate of the pulse emission and the duration of pulses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Usmadi, Usmadi, and Ergusni Ergusni. "Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran ARCSI dengan Pendekatan Saintifik Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa SMP." JURNAL EKSAKTA PENDIDIKAN (JEP) 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jep/vol3-iss1/257.
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This research is based on the emergence of the 2013 curriculum which expects a learnng process that can make students actively construct their knowledge. The effectiveness of ARCSI learning models with a scientific approach can be seen from student learning outcomes, through 1) Student Worksheets (LKPD), 2) Test of learning outcomes. The results of the study show that the learning model developed is effective when viewed from students' mathematics learning outcomes. The level of effectiveness of the ARCSI learning model with a scientific approach obtained the results of LKIPD grades VII1 SMP N 7 and class VII1 SMP N 1 Ampek Angkek is categorized as effective with a mean of 75.017. The level of effectiveness of ARCSI learning models with a scientific approach obtained from the value of test questions on cognitive learning outcomes is categorized as effective with a mean of 61.38. Based on the hypothesis test for mathematics learning outcomes data can be drawn conclusions, namely: 1) Mathematics learning outcomes of class VII1 students (experimental class) is better than the mathematics learning outcomes of class VII4 students (control class) SMP N 7 Bukittinggi city; 2) Mathematics learning outcomes of class VII1 students (experimental class) are better than mathematics learning outcomes of class VII2 students (control class) Ampek Angkek N 1 junior high school in Agam district
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van 't Veer, Cornelis, Neal J. Golden, and Kenneth G. Mann. "Inhibition of thrombin generation by the zymogen factor VII: implications for the treatment of hemophilia A by factor VIIa." Blood 95, no. 4 (February 15, 2000): 1330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.4.1330.004k28_1330_1335.
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Factor VII circulates as a single chain inactive zymogen (10 nmol/L) and a trace (∼10-100 pmol/L) circulates as the 2-chain form, factor VIIa. Factor VII and factor VIIa were studied in a coagulation model using plasma concentrations of purified coagulation factors with reactions initiated with relipidated tissue factor (TF). Factor VII (10 nmol/L) extended the lag phase of thrombin generation initiated by 100 pmol/L factor VIIa and low TF. With the coagulation inhibitors TFPI and AT-III present, factor VII both extended the lag phase of the reaction and depressed the rate of thrombin generation. The inhibition of factor Xa generation by factor VII is consistent with its competition with factor VIIa for TF. Thrombin generation with TF concentrations >100 pmol/L was not inhibited by factor VII. At low tissue factor concentrations (<25 pmol/L) thrombin generation becomes sensitive to the absence of factor VIII. In the absence of factor VIII, factor VII significantly inhibits TF-initiated thrombin generation by 100 pmol/L factor VIIa. In this hemophilia A model, approximately 2 nmol/L factor VIIa is needed to overcome the inhibition of physiologic (10 nmol/L) factor VII. At 10 nmol/L, factor VIIa provided a thrombin generation response in the hemophilia model (0% factor VIII, 10 nmol/L factor VII) equivalent to that observed with normal plasma, (100% factor VIII, 10 nmol/L factor VII, 100 pmol/L factor VIIa). These results suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of factor VIIa in the medical treatment of hemophiliacs with inhibitors is, in part, based on overcoming the factor VII inhibitory effect.
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Miller, G. J., Y. Stirling, M. P. Esnouf, J. Heinrich, J. van de Loo, J. Kienast, K. K. Wu, et al. "Factor VII-Deficient Substrate Plasmas Depleted of Protein C Raise the Sensitivity of the Factor VII Bio-Assay to Activated Factor VII: an International Study." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 71, no. 01 (1994): 038–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642382.
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SummaryPlasma from healthy individuals, pregnant women and patients on warfarin were distributed to 3 laboratories supporting major cardiovascular surveys (Northwick Park, Muenster and Houston) for assay of factor VII coagulant activity (VIIC) with their own bio-assays. The mean VIIC in 147 samples agreed to within 1% of standard in Northwick Park and Houston, but was 14% of standard lower in Muenster owing to its more potent standard. In samples with an increased VIIC the Northwick Park assay gave a higher result than the other assays owing to its increased responsiveness to activated factor VII (VIIa). Thus when VIIa concentrations were determined directly with a clotting assay which utilises a soluble recombinant tissue factor, the increase in VIIC with increase in VIIa was considerably greater with the Northwick Park assay than the Muenster assay. This feature of the Northwick Park assay was traced to the virtual absence of protein C in its substrate plasma. Factor Va appears rate-limiting for the coagulant expression of VIIa in test plasma. If the thrombotic response to release of tissue factor is determined by the circulating concentration of VIIa, then the Northwick Park factor VII bio-assay may be preferable to other bio-assays currently employed to estimate risk of acute coronary events.
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Mrdalj, Vesna. "Structure and Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Agro -Food Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 3 (May 19, 2017): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i3.p154-163.
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This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the structure and determinants of intra –industry trade specialization in agro food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina over the transition period. The empirical analysis based on calculation of the following indicators: Grubel – Lloyd index (GL), Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA indicator) and Relative unit value (RUV indicator). In order to show the level of intra-industry trade specialisation and to examine comparative advantages at sectoral level, as well for individual product group, are calculated Grubel – Lloyd index and RCA indicator. RUV indicator is used for analysis of two components of total intra-industry trade (TIIT); horizontal intra – industry trade (HIIT) and vertical intra- industry trade (VIIT) of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The analysis and calculations of above mentioned indicators are conducted using the data about international trade of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina for period of time 2008-2015, as well data at 4 – digit level, classified according to HS (Harmonised System). The final analysis in this paper is finished through applying K - means cluster analysis. K - means method was used for identificiation of different clusters of agricultural and food commodity groups related to comparative advantages, level of specialization in intra – industry trade, as well as the ratio between unit value export and unit value import. The emprical results indicated that GL index for observed period at sectoral level is lower than 50 %. The values of RCA indicator for agro-food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina in international trade and to important trade markets indicate lack of comaparative advantages. In the structure of intra – industry trade is dominated vertical specialization.
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Mrdalj, Vesna. "Structure and Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Agro -Food Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v8i1.p154-163.
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This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the structure and determinants of intra –industry trade specialization in agro food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina over the transition period. The empirical analysis based on calculation of the following indicators: Grubel – Lloyd index (GL), Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA indicator) and Relative unit value (RUV indicator). In order to show the level of intra-industry trade specialisation and to examine comparative advantages at sectoral level, as well for individual product group, are calculated Grubel – Lloyd index and RCA indicator. RUV indicator is used for analysis of two components of total intra-industry trade (TIIT); horizontal intra – industry trade (HIIT) and vertical intra- industry trade (VIIT) of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The analysis and calculations of above mentioned indicators are conducted using the data about international trade of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina for period of time 2008-2015, as well data at 4 – digit level, classified according to HS (Harmonised System). The final analysis in this paper is finished through applying K - means cluster analysis. K - means method was used for identificiation of different clusters of agricultural and food commodity groups related to comparative advantages, level of specialization in intra – industry trade, as well as the ratio between unit value export and unit value import. The emprical results indicated that GL index for observed period at sectoral level is lower than 50 %. The values of RCA indicator for agro-food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina in international trade and to important trade markets indicate lack of comaparative advantages. In the structure of intra – industry trade is dominated vertical specialization.
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Mertens, Koen, Ernest Briët, and Alan R. Giles. "The Role of Factor VII in Haemostasis: Infusion Studies of Factor VIIa in a Canine Model of Factor VIII Deficiency." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 64, no. 01 (1990): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1647270.
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SummaryThe role of factor VIIa in haemostasis has been studied using a canine model of factor VIII deficiency. Highly purified human factor VIIa was administered to dogs at a dosage of 0.5 μg/kg. At selected times pre- and post-infusion, haemostasis was evaluated by the cuticle bleeding time. Plasma was collected for the assay of various parameters, including fibrinopeptide A (FPA) as a marker for thrombin generation in vivo. Factor VIIa infusion resulted in a 6-fold increase of factor VII clotting activity with z t1/2 of 2 h. FPA levels which were 1.4 ng/ml before infusion, did not increase significantly in haemophilic dogs. In normal dogs, however, FPA levels rose to a mean value of 190 ng/ml 30 min post-infusion. It appeared that thrombin generation by factor VIIa infusion had occurred mainly via the intrinsic, factor VIIIdependent pathway. In factor VIII-deficient dogs, factor VIIa infusion did not correct cuticle bleeding, but an inconsistent haemostatic effect was observed 15–30 min post-infusion. Similar results were obtained in haemophilic dogs with circulating antibodies against factor VIII. The haemostatic effectivity could not be improved by increasing the factor VIIa dosage up to 40-fold. Although these data suggest that the extrinsic, factor VIIdependent factor X activation provides only a minor pathway of thrombin generation in vivo, it is possible that the suboptimal haemostatic effect noted may be promoted in bleeding situations where tissue factor availability is less limited. As such, factor VIIa may prove useful in the treatment of haemophilia A patients with acquired inhibitors to factor VIII.
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Wright, D., J. M. Thomson, A. Sidebotham, C. F. Hirst, P. Hirsch, and L. Poller. "A Longitudinal Study of the Factor VII Rise during Pregnancy." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 79, no. 02 (1998): 328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614986.
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SummaryA longitudinal study of 21 pregnant women has been undertaken using a variety of factor VII assays, including factor VIIa, to investigate the increase of factor VIIc. All assays demonstrated significant rises (p <0.001), most marked for factor VIIa (82%) and factor VIIc rabbit (81%). Smaller rises were seen for factor VIIc bovine (50%) and VII antigen (40%). Three indirect measures of activity state, factor VIIc rabbit:antigen, bovine:antigen and bovine:rabbit, provided conflicting data. Factor VIIa:antigen showed a significant increase of 36% (p <0.001). Within individual pregnancies the change in factor VIIc rabbit and antigen correlated with maternal weight gain (p <0.05). Two activity state measures, bovine:rabbit and bovine:antigen, showed negative correlation with birthweight. The increases in both zymogen and in activity state appear to contribute to the factor VIIc rise. The extent of this rise appears to be influenced by maternal weight gain. Increased factor VII activation is associated with reduced foetal growth.
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LISA, NORA. "PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SAVI (SOMATIS, AUDIOTORI, VISUAL, INTELEKTUAL) TERHADAPHASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII DALAM PEMBELAJARAN LAGU DAERAHSETEMPAT SMP PARULIAN 2 MEDAN." Grenek Music Journal 7, no. 1 (January 3, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/grenek.v7i1.8789.
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This study aims to determine the effect of learning model SAVI (SomaticAudiotori, Visual, Intellectual Property) to the learning outcomes of students class VIISMP Parulian 2 Medan.This study is based on a theoretical foundation to explain the learning model SAVI(Somatic Audiotori, Visual, Intellectual), learning outcomes, and Song local area, alongwith the hypothesis.The research method in this study using an experimental research. This type of researchis True Experimental Design with pretest design -Posttest Control Group Design. Thepopulation in the study were all students of class VIII SMP Parulian 2 field consistingof 4 classes. Sampling was done by random sampling by taking two classes, namely theclass VII4 as an experimental class that numbered 30 people and VII2 class as thecontrol class that numbered 30 people. The instrument used to determine studentlearning outcomes is the achievement test in the form of multiple choice numbered 30and 20 items that have been declared valid for the experimental class and control classthat has been tested on VII1 class in junior Parulian 2 Medan.The second class are given a pretest to determine the ability of the student before thebeginning of the treatment given in each grade, with an average value of 38.83experimental class and control class 35.83. then given a different treatment, theexperimental class learning model SAVI (Somatic, Audiotori, Visual, Intellectual) andgrade control with conventional learning (direct). After learning is completed givenpostes, obtained postes with an average value of 76.83 experimental class and controlclass 66.87. Hypothesis test results using a different test (t-test) obtained t> t table soHa is received, so that the results showed that there was a 15.67% influence learningmodel SAVI (Somatic, Audiotori, Visual, Intellectual) the learning outcomes of studentsof class VII in Learning Locally in the Junior songs Parulian 2 Medan.
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Varadi, K., and S. Elodi. "Formation and functioning of the factor IXa-VIII complex on the surface of endothelial cells." Blood 69, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.2.442.442.
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Abstract The formation and functioning of the factor X activating complex on the surface of cultured human venous endothelial cells (HVEC) were investigated. To the HVEC monolayer human factors IXa, VIII, X, CaCl2, and S-2222 were added, and a gradually increasing activation of factor X was observed. The maximum activity of 88 nmol/L Xa/min was reached after a 12-minute lag phase. In the presence of thrombin-activated factor VIII (VIIIt) the same maximum activity developed in eight minutes, which suggests that VIIIt accelerates the formation of the IXa- VIII complex but does not influence its factor X-activating potential. Anti-VIII IgG did not affect the activity of the full-fledged complex. When anti-VIII IgG was added to the reaction mixture before factor VIII or during the lag phase of the reaction, it induced a concentration- dependent decrease of factor X activation. These results indicate that endothelial cells provide a binding surface for the IXa-VIII complex and that in the HVEC-bound complex factor VIII is protected from the effect of a specific antibody. However, the relatively slow development of the maximum activity indicates that HVEC only partially satisfy the surface criteria for the optimal assembly of the IXa-VIII complex.
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Varadi, K., and S. Elodi. "Formation and functioning of the factor IXa-VIII complex on the surface of endothelial cells." Blood 69, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.2.442.bloodjournal692442.
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The formation and functioning of the factor X activating complex on the surface of cultured human venous endothelial cells (HVEC) were investigated. To the HVEC monolayer human factors IXa, VIII, X, CaCl2, and S-2222 were added, and a gradually increasing activation of factor X was observed. The maximum activity of 88 nmol/L Xa/min was reached after a 12-minute lag phase. In the presence of thrombin-activated factor VIII (VIIIt) the same maximum activity developed in eight minutes, which suggests that VIIIt accelerates the formation of the IXa- VIII complex but does not influence its factor X-activating potential. Anti-VIII IgG did not affect the activity of the full-fledged complex. When anti-VIII IgG was added to the reaction mixture before factor VIII or during the lag phase of the reaction, it induced a concentration- dependent decrease of factor X activation. These results indicate that endothelial cells provide a binding surface for the IXa-VIII complex and that in the HVEC-bound complex factor VIII is protected from the effect of a specific antibody. However, the relatively slow development of the maximum activity indicates that HVEC only partially satisfy the surface criteria for the optimal assembly of the IXa-VIII complex.
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Suciati, Dara, Risma Simamora, and Sri Dewi. "PERBANDINGAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN IMPROVE DAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LANGSUNG PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 30 MUARO JAMBI." PHI: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/phi.v2i2.35.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui model pembelajaran IMPROVE lebih baik dari pada kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa dengan model pembelajaran langsung pada kelas VIII SMPN 30 Muaro Jambi tahun ajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 69 siswa. Sedangkan sampelnya adalah kelas VIIA dan VIIB. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah tes tertulis pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis kelas eksperimen adalah 79,19 dengan simpangan baku 9,83 dan nilai rata-rata kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis kelas kontrol 61,52 dengan simpangan baku 11,9, serta hasil dari uji hipotesis diperoleh thitung 1,80 dan ttabel 1,68 pada taraf nyata 0,05. Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut terlihat bahwa thitung lebih besar dari ttabel dengan demikian H1 diterima, artinya kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa melalui model pembelajaran IMPROVE lebih tinggi daripada kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis melalui model pembelajaran langsung. Kata kunci: Pemahaman Konsep Matematis, Model Pembelajaran IMPROVE, Model Pembelajaran Langsung
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Greuter, Ladina, Manuela Schöb, Thomas Lehmann, and Markus Diethelm. "Harmlose blaue Flecken? Gerinnungsstörung trotz normaler INR." Praxis 103, no. 15 (July 1, 2014): 899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a001727.
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Die Hemmkörperhämophilie ist eine seltene Erkrankung mit hoher Mortalität. Sie wird durch Autoantikörper meist gegen den Gerinnungsfaktor VIII verursacht und ist häufig idiopathisch. Klinisch imponieren Weichteilblutungen. Diagnostisch von Bedeutung ist eine isoliert verlängerte aPTT, niedrige Faktor-VIII-Aktivität und Antikörper gegen den Faktor VIII. Die Therapie besteht einerseits aus einer Gerinnungsaktivierung unter Umgehung des Faktors VIII mittels rekombinantem Faktor VIIa (NovoSeven®) oder aktivierter Prothrombinkomplex (FEIBA®) sowie einer immunsuppressiven Therapie (Kortikosteroide, Cyclophosphamid, Rituximab) zur Elimination des Antikörpers.
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Stoodley, Catherine J., Eve M. Valera, and Jeremy D. Schmahmann. "An fMRI Study of Intra-Individual Functional Topography in the Human Cerebellum." Behavioural Neurology 23, no. 1-2 (2010): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/840942.
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Neuroimaging studies report cerebellar activation during both motor and non-motor paradigms, and suggest a functional topography within the cerebellum. Sensorimotor tasks activate the anterior lobe, parts of lobule VI, and lobule VIII, whereas higher-level tasks activate lobules VI and VII in the posterior lobe. To determine whether these activation patterns are evident at a single-subject level, we conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during five tasks investigating sensorimotor (finger tapping), language (verb generation), spatial (mental rotation), working memory (N-back), and emotional processing (viewing images from the International Affective Picture System). Finger tapping activated the ipsilateral anterior lobe (lobules IV-V) as well as lobules VI and VIII. Activation during verb generation was found in right lobules VII and VIIIA. Mental rotation activated left-lateralized clusters in lobules VII-VIIIA, VI-Crus I, and midline VIIAt. The N-back task showed bilateral activation in right lobules VI-Crus I and left lobules VIIB-VIIIA. Cerebellar activation was evident bilaterally in lobule VI while viewing arousing vs. neutral images. This fMRI study provides the first proof of principle demonstration that there is topographic organization of motor execution vs. cognitive/emotional domains within the cerebellum of a single individual, likely reflecting the anatomical specificity of cerebro-cerebellar circuits underlying different task domains. Inter-subject variability of motor and non-motor topography remains to be determined.
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Ojutkangas, Krista. "On the syntax of comitative constructions: the case of Finnish mukana, mukaan ‘with, along’." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 8, no. 2 (September 6, 2017): 267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2017.8.2.09.
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The topic of this article is the syntax of Finnish comitative markers mukana and mukaan ‘with, along’. Comitative markers express accompaniment relations, which are typically conceived of being asymmetrical: the accompanee is the predominant participant, while the companion is involved in the situation only via the accompanee (Stolz et al. 2006: 26–27). However, markers such as mukana and mukaan are used in several syntactic constructions where the grammatical roles of expressions of the accompanees vary from subject to adverbial, that is, from syntactic core to periphery. Five syntactic construction types were analyzed from a corpus data showing three genres. On the basis of this study, it is shown that syntactic variation has an effect on the conceived asymmetry between the accompanee and the companion, and that syntax makes an important contribution to the semantics of comitative constructions. In strongly asymmetric accompaniment relations, a human accompanee is expressed by a possessive suffix affixed to the comitative marker, or by a clause-initial adverbial. The question of asymmetry contracts to the background when the accompanee is expressed by a non-clause-initial adverbial and when the accompanee is implicit, without overt marking altogether.Kokkuvõte. Krista Ojutkangas: Komitatiivkonstruktsioonide süntaksist: soome keele mukana, mukaan ‘kaasas, kaasa’. Artiklis käsitletakse soome keele komitatiivsete markerite mukana ja mukaan ‘kaasas, kaasa’ süntaksi. Komitatiivsed markerid väljendavad kaasasolusuhteid, mida peetakse tüüpiliselt asümmeetrilisteks: kaasaja on peamine osaleja, samas kui kaaslane on situatsiooni haaratud ainult kaasaja kaudu (Stolz et al. 2006: 26–27). Markereid mukana ja mukaan kasutatakse mitmetes süntaktilistes konstruktsioonides, kus kaasaja grammatiline roll varieerub subjektist adverbiaalini. Artiklis käsitletakse viit konstruktsioonitüüpi kolmes erinevas korpuses. Uurimus näitab, et süntaktiline varieerumine mõjutab tajutud asümmeetriat kaasaja ja kaaslase vahel ning süntaksi roll komitatiivsete konstruktsioonide semantikas on suur. Tugevalt asümmeetrilistes kaasasolusuhetes on inimesest kaasaja väljendatud possessiivsufiksiga, mis liitub komitatiivi markerile, või lausealgulise adverbiaaliga. Asümmeetria tõmbub taustale, kui kaasaja on väljendatud mittelausealgulise adverbiaaliga või kui kaasaja on implitsiitne.Võtmesõnad: kaassõnad; grammid; kaasasolusuhted; komitatiiv; grammatilised rollid; süntaks; soome keel
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Frangulyan, Liliya R. "Elements of (Auto) Biography in the Context of Coptic Hagiography, 7 th – 8 th Centuries." Studia Litterarum 3, no. 4 (2018): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2018-3-4-40-57.
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Ika Sandi Pratiwi, Nur, and Radias Ependi. "Penerapan Karakter Semangat Kebangsaan di Kelas VII SMPN 1 Muaro Jambi." Integrated Science Education Journal 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37251/isej.v2i1.126.
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Tujuan Penelitian: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan karakter semangat kebangsaan siswa di SMPN 1 Muaro Jambi.
Metodologi: penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan angket atau kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada siswa dengan sampel 51 orang yaitu terdiri dari 23 orang untuk kelas VIIA dan 28 orang untuk kelas VIIB. Dengan populasi seluruh siswa SMPN 1 Muaro Jambi. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan program SPSS untuk mencari statistic deskriptif.
Temuan utama: Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semangat kebangsaan di SMPN 1 Muaro Jambi baik, hal ini terlihat dari data jawaban kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada siswa kelas VIIA dan VIIB, setelah di tabulasi hasilnya adalah untuk kelas VIIA 17 orang (73,9%) baik, dan 6 orang (26,1%) sangat baik, dan untuk kelas VIIB hasilnya adalah 19 orang (67,9%) baik dan 9 orang (23,1%) sangat baik.
Keterbaruan penelitian: Penanaman jiwa semangat kebangsaan perlu dilakukan disekolah, hal ini dikarenakan sekolah merupakan tempat pendidikan dan pembentukan jiwa serta semangat bagi generasi muda khususnya pelajar yang menentukan masa depan bangsa Indonesia di masa yang akan datang. Sikap semangat kebangsaan merupakan salah satu bentuk tindakan yang mencerminkan sikap mencintai tanah air.
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Wildgoose, P., Y. Nemerson, LL Hansen, FE Nielsen, S. Glazer, and U. Hedner. "Measurement of basal levels of factor VIIa in hemophilia A and B patients [see comments]." Blood 80, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.1.25.25.
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Abstract Previous results, presented in abstract form, indicate that replacement of thromboplastin with a mixture of phospholipid and truncated soluble tissue factor apoprotein results in a coagulation assay that can directly measure plasma factor VIIa levels without interference from zymogen factor VII (Atherosclerosis Thromb 11:1544a, 1991 [abstr]). We have exploited the specificity and sensitivity of such a factor VIIa specific coagulation assay to directly assess the in vivo relationship of factor VIII and factor IX on the production of factor VIIa levels under nonthrombotic and nonstimulatory conditions. Normal individuals (n = 20) were found to possess an average circulating factor VIIa level corresponding to 4.34 +/- 1.57 ng/mL, or approximately 1% of their total factor VII antigen. Severe factor VIII deficient patients (n = 13) possessed a slightly lower but statistically significant (P less than .01) decrease in their basal factor VIIa levels (2.69 +/- 1.52 ng/mL), corresponding to approximately 60% of that observed in normal individuals. On the other hand, severe factor IX deficient patients (n = 7) were found to possess even lower levels of factor VIIa corresponding to 0.33 +/- 0.15 ng/mL, or less than 10% of that observed in normal individuals. Measurement of total factor VII antigen levels shows that the variation in basal factor VIIa levels stems from differences in the degree of factor VII activation as opposed to differences in factor VII antigen levels. Our present data are consistent with the hypothesis that factor IXa is the principal in vivo activator of factor VII under basal conditions.
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Wildgoose, P., Y. Nemerson, LL Hansen, FE Nielsen, S. Glazer, and U. Hedner. "Measurement of basal levels of factor VIIa in hemophilia A and B patients [see comments]." Blood 80, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v80.1.25.bloodjournal80125.
Full textAbstract:
Previous results, presented in abstract form, indicate that replacement of thromboplastin with a mixture of phospholipid and truncated soluble tissue factor apoprotein results in a coagulation assay that can directly measure plasma factor VIIa levels without interference from zymogen factor VII (Atherosclerosis Thromb 11:1544a, 1991 [abstr]). We have exploited the specificity and sensitivity of such a factor VIIa specific coagulation assay to directly assess the in vivo relationship of factor VIII and factor IX on the production of factor VIIa levels under nonthrombotic and nonstimulatory conditions. Normal individuals (n = 20) were found to possess an average circulating factor VIIa level corresponding to 4.34 +/- 1.57 ng/mL, or approximately 1% of their total factor VII antigen. Severe factor VIII deficient patients (n = 13) possessed a slightly lower but statistically significant (P less than .01) decrease in their basal factor VIIa levels (2.69 +/- 1.52 ng/mL), corresponding to approximately 60% of that observed in normal individuals. On the other hand, severe factor IX deficient patients (n = 7) were found to possess even lower levels of factor VIIa corresponding to 0.33 +/- 0.15 ng/mL, or less than 10% of that observed in normal individuals. Measurement of total factor VII antigen levels shows that the variation in basal factor VIIa levels stems from differences in the degree of factor VII activation as opposed to differences in factor VII antigen levels. Our present data are consistent with the hypothesis that factor IXa is the principal in vivo activator of factor VII under basal conditions.
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Eichinger, S., PM Mannucci, F. Tradati, AA Arbini, RD Rosenberg, and KA Bauer. "Determinants of plasma factor VIIa levels in humans." Blood 86, no. 8 (October 15, 1995): 3021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.8.3021.3021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Several enzymes can activate factor VII in vitro, but the protease responsible for generating factor VIIa in vivo has not been determined. Using recombinant tissue factor that has undergone a COOH-terminal truncation, a sensitive functional assay has been established for measuring plasma factor VIIa levels. To evaluate the mechanism responsible for the generation of factor VIIa in vivo, we measured the levels of this enzyme after administering purified concentrates of factor IX and factor VIII to patients with severe deficiencies of these clotting factors. In patients with hemophilia B, factor VIIa levels were initially reduced to 0.5 +/- 0.1 ng/mL and gradually increased to normal after infusing 100 U/kg of body weight (BW) of factor IX. Despite these increases, there were no significant changes in the generation of factor Xa or thrombin. In patients with hemophilia A, only a slight reduction in factor VIIa levels (2.5 +/- 1.3 ng/mL) was observed as compared with controls (3.3 +/- 1.1 ng/mL) and no significant changes were observed after factor VIII levels were normalized. The administration of recombinant factor VIIa (10 micrograms/kg BW) to patients with factor VII deficiency increased the mean circulating level of the enzyme to 118 ng/mL, but this only resulted in normalization of the levels of the activation peptides of factor IX and factor X. The above data indicate that factor IXa is primarily responsible for the basal levels of free factor VIIa generated in vivo (ie, in the absence of thrombosis or provocative stimuli) and that changes in the plasma concentrations of free factor VIIa in the blood do not necessarily lead to alterations in the extent of factor X activation.
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Eichinger, S., PM Mannucci, F. Tradati, AA Arbini, RD Rosenberg, and KA Bauer. "Determinants of plasma factor VIIa levels in humans." Blood 86, no. 8 (October 15, 1995): 3021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.8.3021.bloodjournal8683021.
Full textAbstract:
Several enzymes can activate factor VII in vitro, but the protease responsible for generating factor VIIa in vivo has not been determined. Using recombinant tissue factor that has undergone a COOH-terminal truncation, a sensitive functional assay has been established for measuring plasma factor VIIa levels. To evaluate the mechanism responsible for the generation of factor VIIa in vivo, we measured the levels of this enzyme after administering purified concentrates of factor IX and factor VIII to patients with severe deficiencies of these clotting factors. In patients with hemophilia B, factor VIIa levels were initially reduced to 0.5 +/- 0.1 ng/mL and gradually increased to normal after infusing 100 U/kg of body weight (BW) of factor IX. Despite these increases, there were no significant changes in the generation of factor Xa or thrombin. In patients with hemophilia A, only a slight reduction in factor VIIa levels (2.5 +/- 1.3 ng/mL) was observed as compared with controls (3.3 +/- 1.1 ng/mL) and no significant changes were observed after factor VIII levels were normalized. The administration of recombinant factor VIIa (10 micrograms/kg BW) to patients with factor VII deficiency increased the mean circulating level of the enzyme to 118 ng/mL, but this only resulted in normalization of the levels of the activation peptides of factor IX and factor X. The above data indicate that factor IXa is primarily responsible for the basal levels of free factor VIIa generated in vivo (ie, in the absence of thrombosis or provocative stimuli) and that changes in the plasma concentrations of free factor VIIa in the blood do not necessarily lead to alterations in the extent of factor X activation.
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Rendl, K. H. "Peter C. Maurer – vidit, venit, vicit." Gefässchirurgie 25, no. 6 (September 15, 2020): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00772-020-00694-5.
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