Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'VIIT'

The principal purpose of this study is to provide a refined empirical investigation concerning country-specific determinants of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade (IIT,) in relation to South Africa using the gravity model of trade in a panel data setting. Prior to investigating the case of South Africa's intra-industry trade a critical review of the relevant theoretical, methodologcal, and empirical literature is provided. The study operationalises the theoretical dstinction between horizontal and vertical IIT using the latest methodology of decomposing total IIT into horizontal intra-industry trade (HIIq and vertical intra-industry trade (WIT,). Thts study makes several advances on earlier empirical studies of intra-industry trade determinants. These include the introduction of new countq-specific determinants of intraindustry trade that previous studies have not examined. Furthermore, it is the first empirical study that traces the relationshp between intra-industry trade flows and intellectual property rights (IPRs). Moreover, to ensure the sensitivity and robustness of the results, several econometric approaches have been used in estimating the gravity model of South Africa's intra-industry trade: the consistent coefficient approach, the fixed effects approach, the random effects approach, and the between effects approach. The econometric results are generally satisfactory in terms of economic interpretation and statistical significance and thus offer new empirical validation to the theoretical explanatory variables. The key findngs suggest the following: the volume of South Africa's IIT has increased during the study period and its WIT exceeds its HIIT. The latter result reflects the nature of South Africa's trade as it imports high valued added products and exports primary and mineral products. South Africa's intra-industry trade and its two components are positively related to market size and standard of living, and negatively related to geographcal distance. Furthermore, separately, the IPRs and the imitation ability of South Africa's tradmg partners are not important factors in determining IIT flows; however, the interaction between them is an important factor. Thts study also reveals South Africa should pursue its intra-industry trade with rest of world concentrating on local industries that produce most competitive varieties, absorbing labor and other resources from the production of other varieties.

Muzikos pamoka bei girdima muzika pamokose nuobodi bei neįdomi nemažai daliai VII-VIII klasių mokinių. Tuo tarpu muzikos klausymas, kaip parodė tyrimo rezultatai, yra labiausiai mėgstama muzikinė veikla paauglių tarpe. Todėl šį aspektą, skatinant didesnę paauglių motyvaciją muzikos pamokoje bei ugdant teigiamas nuostatas į pamokoje girdimą muziką, tikslinga panagrinėti kuo plačiau. Šio tyrimo objektas – VII-VIII klasių mokinių klausoma muzika. Darbo tikslas – atskleisti VII-VIII klasių mokinių klausomos muzikos pasirinkimo ypatumus. Keliami šie tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) Atlikti mokslinės literatūros analizę apie paauglių amžiaus tarpsnio ypatumus, psichologinės bei muzikinės tapatybės kūrimąsi ir įvairias muzikos funkcijas žmogaus gyvenime. 2) Anketine apklausa išsiaiškinti veiksnius, turinčius įtakos paauglių klausomos muzikos pasirinkimui. 3) Atskleisti kontekstinius VII-VIII klasių mokinių muzikos klausymosi ypatumus. 4) Išsiaiškinti VII-VIII klasių mokinių požiūrį į muzikos pamokoje skambančią muziką. 5) Išsiaiškinti tiriamų ugdytinių muzikos mokytojų nuostatas muzikos klausymo aspektu bei muzikos parinkimo priežastis pamokoje. 6) Atskleisti radijo stočių, populiarių mokinių tarpe, muzikos parinkimo aplinkybes. Atliekamo tyrimo metodai: Mokslinės literatūros sisteminė apžvalga. VII-VIII klasių mokinių anketinė apklausa, jų mokytojų apklausa, radijo darbuotojų interviu. Matematinės statistikos metodai: procentinė gautų duomenų analizė, chi kvadrato kriterijaus taikymas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Seventh and eighth grade pupils report that music lessons and the music heard during these lessons is boring. On the other hand, according to the results of this research, listening to music is the favorite music activity among teenagers. Therefore, it is important to analyze this topic more comprehensively as it investigates the motivation of teenagers in music listening situations. The object of this research is the music preferences of schoolchildren in grades VII and VIII. The purpose of the work is to reveal various aspects related to the music these pupils listen to. The following tasks of the research are raised: 1) To analyze scholarly literature about the peculiarities of early adolescent development, including psychological and musical identity formation and various functions of music in a person’s life; 2) To ascertain the factors influencing adolescent music choices via a questionnaire survey; 3) To reveal the contextual aspects of music listening by schoolchildren of grades VII-VIII;. 4) To determine the attitude by schoolchildren of forms VII-VIII towards the music which is played during music lessons; 5) To discover the attitudes of the music teachers of the researched pupils towards various aspect of music listening and to determine the reasons for the music choices for a lesson; 6) To reveal the reasons behind musical choices by music stations, which are popular among teenagers. Methods of research: A review of literature, a questionnaire survey of... [to full text]

The integration of physics and biology subjects is analyzed during VII–VIII forms in physics lessons. The paper is comprised of introduction, 4 parts, conclusions, reference list and annexes. There 31 pictures, 7 tables. The list of reference - 62 literature sources. Paper scope – 62 lists. The aim of the paper is to reveal the integration possibilities of physics and biology in VII-VIII forms at physics lessons. Didactic analysis is performed of physics and biology curricula, the results are discussed. There are elaborating plans of physics in where physics and biology applying integration. Interdisciplinary relations were applied in physics and biology connections in VII-VIII forms at physics lessons. The result of pedagogical revealed that in integration of biology and physics could be applied in VII-VIII forms lessons.

Cette étude sur le Parti National du Grand Viêt-Nam propose une nouvelle grille de lecture du processus de la révolution nationale et de la lutte pour l'indépendance dans le Viêt-Nam de la première moitié du XXe siècle. Le rôle politique, la logique et la dynamique du DVQDD sont restitués dans le contexte de la période 1945-1954 (guerre néo-coloniale, lutte contre le communisme, front chaud de la guerre froide). Concurrent du Viêt Minh, le DVQDD manqua sa révolution et fut une des cibles principales de la répression organisée par le Parti Communiste Indochinois. Il parvint néanmoins à se reconstituer pour porter Bao Dai à la tête d'un Etat national en 1949. Mais sa conquête du pouvoir pour asseoir une " solution Dai Viêt " fut brisée à la fois par le Chef de l'Etat vietnamien, par les autorités françaises et par le terrorisme communiste. Pour expliquer l'échec et l'implosion du DVQDD, les rôles du PCI et de la France furent déterminants. Cette démonstration est mise en évidence par trois temps forts : émergence du parti et de son projet politique (doctrine de la Survivance du peuple) ; fracture nationale de 1945-1946 ; modes opératoires du parti sous l'Etat national de Bao Dai (1949-1955)
This study of the Nationalist Party of Great Vietnam (Dai Viet Quoc Dan Dang) provides a new look at the process of national revolution and the struggle for Vietnamese independence during the first half of the 20th century. By examining little known events, the political role, logic and the dynamics of the Dai Viet are restored and situated in the context of the period 1945-1954. As the competitor of the Viet Minh, the Dai Viet missed its revolution and was one of the main targets of the repression organised by the Indochinese Communist Party against the opposition. The Dai Viet succeeded in reviving itself in order to put Bao Dai at the head of a national state in 1949. However, the Dai Viet's success in pushing a "nationalist solution" against the "Bao Dai" one was undermined by the Vietnamese head of state, French authorities and communist terrorism. The roles of the ICP and the French emerge as determining factors in explaining the failure of the Dai Viet. To support this argument, we emphasise three important periods: the emergence of the party and its political programme, the national rupture of 1945-1946, and lastly the operation of the Dai Viet under the national State of Bao Dai

Scientists almost unanimously claim that the efficiency of music learning of students is mostly determined by the active methods of music teaching, educational means of impact and factors. This research paper is dedicated to the analysis of more active employment of music learning possibilities among the seventh and eighth form students in a private secondary school. The first part of the paper discusses the concept of pedagogical activity and its peculiarities. It also provides the description of global private schools’ practice. In the second part, the didactic principles, methods which predicate the active musical education, educational means of impact and factors which enable a student to participate actively are discussed. The peculiarities of more active music learning during the adolescence period and basic peculiarities of a private secondary school students’ activeness are described. In the third part of the MA paper the results of the empirical survey are reported. The aim of the survey was to examine the activity of music learning among seventh and eighth form students and to identify its causes in both state and private secondary schools. The findings have shown that students from private schools have more responsible attitudes towards the lessons of music, they participate more actively in music classes, a teacher adopts the active methods of music teaching more frequently, the relation between the teacher and students is more friendly, the atmosphere is... [to full text]

This study comprises the basic of Heraldy and Military insignia of the Lithuanian Armed Forces and the other signs used in the Military. The first part of the study introduces the evolution of the military insignia used at the interwar time by Lithuanian Military Corps and nowadays modern Military insignia as well. Military Heraldy describes and represents the kind of Military Forces, Military corps, specialization even the country that the Military corps belong to. Also reflects the short details of country’s history and culture. Taking the artistical approach understanding of the Military insignia is related to the fine arts (painting, sculpture and graphics) to art of computer graphics (scanning, installation, composition) and communication (information delivery). Insignia of the Lithuanian Armed Forces are created according the rules of Heraldy and confirmed by the commission of the Lithuanian Heraldy. Second part of the study analyses the cumulate material by the angle of the assumption of art cognition. Creation of the Military insignia requires deep knowledge and of art and good skills in practice. Such as tune-up of metal and colour, detail compositions are highly required. Colours and metals are usually selected regarding the Military inheritance. If the Military corps are named on the name of one of the great duke’s of Lithuania, than the colours and metals are taken from the duke’s family blazon. Third part of the study describes the pedagogical experiment... [to full text]

Deux phases de la glace h#2o ou d#2o existent au-dessus de 2 gpa : la glace vii cubique et desordonnee du point de vue des sites protoniques, et la glace viii quadratique et ordonnee. La transition viii-vii est une transition ordre-desordre de meme type que ce qui est rencontre dans les composes comme kh#2po#4. L'objet de cette these est l'etude structurale et vibrationnelle des phases vii et viii grace a l'utilisation de deux techniques : la diffraction x et la spectroscopie raman. Les mesures par diffraction x sur la phase vii ont ete menees sur poudre en dispersion angulaire avec detection par plaque image jusqu'a 130 gpa, et sur monocristal en dispersion d'energie jusqu'a 165 gpa. L'equation d'etat de la phase cubique a ainsi ete obtenue a 300 k avec une grande precision. Les problemes de contrainte uniaxiale et de texture sont discutes de facon approfondie. Un resultat fondamental est la mise en evidence de l'influence du desordre des sites du proton et du deuteron sur les equations d'etat de h#2o et d#2o respectivement. Des mesures de l'equation d'etat de la glace viii a 220 k et 180 k semblent indiquer que le coefficient de dilatation thermique de la glace est negatif en-dessous de 180 k. Les mesures en spectroscopie raman ont ete effectuees dans le domaine 2-130 gpa et 10-300 k. Les modes de vibration, internes et externes, ont ete suivis et la transition viii-vii observee. Les resultats, entierement nouveaux, sont analyses en fonction de la variable volume. Les comportements des frequences, des largeurs de mode et des intensites sont etudies, ainsi que les parametres de gruneisen. Les etapes du passage vers la phase x symetrique et ordonnee, de structure cuprite, sont discutees ; entre la phase viii ordonnee (ou la phase vii) et la phase x, il existe vraisemblablement un etat dans lequel les protons sont desordonnes le long des distances o-o.

Aquesta tesi doctoral, titulada “El comerç mediterrani a Tarracona a les portes de la conquesta islàmica (segles VII-VIII dC)” neix amb la voluntat de portar a terme un estudi en profunditat de les realitats històriques, socials i econòmiques de la ciutat i el port de Tarragona, entre la desintegració política del regne visigot i la conquesta omeia. Aquesta ciutat conserva un alt grau de coneixement i desenvolupament arqueològic que permet un estudi de conjunt sintètic i rigorós de la cultura material com a punt de partida per a la seva posterior comparació amb altres ciutats mediterrànies. L’estudi té com a objectiu analitzar un conjunt d’excel·lents dipòsits ceràmics localitzats en el suburbi occidental del port de la ciutat visigoda de Tarracona. Aquesta extensa àrea (de més de 2 ha) ha estat documentada en els darrers anys, arran de diverses excavacions arqueològiques portades a terme per l’arqueologia comercial, entre els actuals carrers de Ramon i Cajal, Reial, Jaume I i Vidal i Barraquer. En aquest treball ens centrarem en una àrea més reduïda, dins la confluència dels carrers de Manuel de Falla, Felip Pedrell, de Smith, Torres Jordi i l’avinguda Vidal i Barraquer. Els resultats d’aquesta investigació representen un important pas endavant en el coneixement ceramològic de l’últim període visigòtic de Tarracona, quan la Península Ibèrica va passar a estar sota el domini omeia. Però també ofereix nous coneixements per a la investigació d’un tema complex i encara obert com és el de l’economia i el comerç de la Mediterrània occidental entre els segles VII i VIII.
Esta tesis doctoral, titulada "El comercio mediterráneo a Tarracona a las puertas de la conquista islámica (siglos VII-VIII dC)" nace con la voluntad de llevar a cabo un estudio en profundidad de las realidades históricas, sociales y económicas de la ciudad y el puerto de Tarragona, entre la desintegración política del reino visigodo y la conquista omeya. Esta ciudad conserva un alto grado de conocimiento y desarrollo arqueológico que permite un estudio de conjunto sintético y riguroso de la cultura material como punto de partida para su posterior comparación con otras ciudades mediterráneas. El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar un conjunto de excelentes depósitos cerámicos localizados en el suburbio occidental del puerto de la ciudad visigoda de Tarracona. Esta extensa área (de más de 2 ha) ha sido documentada en los últimos años, a raíz de varias excavaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo por la arqueología comercial, entre las actuales calles de Ramon y Cajal, Real, Jaume I y Vidal y Barraquer. En este trabajo nos centraremos en un área más reducida, en la confluencia de las calles de Manuel de Falla, Felip Pedrell, de Smith, Torres Jordi y la avenida Vidal i Barraquer. Los resultados de esta investigación representan un importante paso adelante en el conocimiento ceramològic del último periodo visigótico de Tarracona, cuando la Península Ibérica pasó a estar bajo el dominio omeya. Pero también ofrece nuevos conocimientos para la investigación de un tema complejo y todavía abierto como es el de la economía y el comercio del Mediterráneo occidental entre los siglos VII y VIII.
This PhD dissertation — entitled “The Mediterranean trade in Tarracona before the Islamic conquest (7th-8th AD)” — aims to deepen the historical, social and economic trajectories of the city of Tarragona and its harbour, between the political dismantling of the Visigothic kingdom and the Islamic conquest. The archaeological development of the last decades has contributed to reach a high degree of knowledge about the historical evolution of Tarragona, allowing to breaden the analysis of material culture as a starting point for subsequen comparisons with other Mediterranean towns. The study aims to analyse a set of excellent ceramic deposits located in the western suburb of the port of the Visigothic city of Tarragona. This extensive area (more than 2 ha) has been documented in recent years, as a result of various archaeological excavations carried out by commercial archaeology, between the current streets of Ramon i Cajal, Reial, Jaume I and Vidal i Barraquer. In this research we will focus on a smaller area, at the confluence of Manuel de Falla, Felip Pedrell, Smith, Torres Jordi and Avinguda Vidal i Barraquer streets. The results of this research represent an important step forward in the ceramic knowledge of the last Visigothic period of Tarragona, when the Iberian Peninsula came under Umayyad rule. But it also offers new insights for research into a complex and still open topic such as the economy and trade of the western Mediterranean between the 7th and 8th centuries.

Neste trabalho foram estudados diversos métodos cromatográficos para a purificação de fatores recombinantes de coagulação VII (FVIIr) e VIII (FVIIIr) derivados de linhagens celulares humanas SK-Hep. O FVIIIr é utilizado para o tratamento da Hemofilia A, enquanto o FVIIr é utilizado para o tratamento da Hemofilia B e também a Hemofilia A. Produzir estes fatores em linhagens celulares humanas faz com os padrões de glicosilação, sulfatação e enovelamento destas proteínas sejam extremamente parecidos com os fatores endógenos produzidos no organismo humano. A purificação do FVIIIr através de técnicas de cromatografia multimodais usando a resina CaptoMMC, afinidade usando a resina FVIIISelect e troca iônica (SP-Sepharose) permitiu obter um produto bastante homogêneo e com perfil de banda (por SDS-PAGE) bem definido que demonstrou a presença esperada das cadeias leve e pesada (o Westen-Blott indicou que os anticorpos comerciais reconheceram a cadeia pesada da molécula estudada). As técnicas permitiram uma alta reprodutibilidade do processo onde sequencias de purificação indicaram o mesmo comportamento de perfis cromatográficos e o processo eliminou 99.5% ± 0,5% de proteínas inespecíficas, recuperando até 64% de FVIIIr. O FVIIr foi purificado com apenas uma única técnica cromatográfica usando a resina FVIISelect que isolou a proteína de interesse eliminando cerca de 99% de impurezas, recuperando praticamente todo o produto. O eluido da cromatografia de afinidade foi dialisado em membranas de 5 kDa o que resultou no processo de auto ativação da molécula de FVIIr, resultando em um aumento de sinal de até 5x em relação a quantidade inicial. O gel de SDS-PAGE e o Westen-Blott comprovaram o processo de auto-ativação no qual uma migração de banda de 50 kDa para 30kDa foi observada e os anticorpos comerciais contra FVII foram capazes de detecta-la. O método de purificação também foi bastante reproduzível e o perfil de banda muito semelhante se comparado ao produto comercial existente no mercado. Sendo assim, foi possível obter plataformas de purificação para as proteínas FVIIr e FVIIIr.
In this work, several chromatographic methods were studied for the purification of recombinant clotting factors VII (FVIIr) and VIII (FVIIIr) derived from human SK-Hep cell lines. The FVIIIr is used for the treatment of Hemophilia A, while the FVIIr is used for the treatment of Hemophilia B and Hemophilia A. Producing these factors in human cell lines results in glycosylation, sulphation and folding patterns similar to the endogenous factors produced in the human organism. Purification of FVIIIr by multimodal chromatography techniques using CaptoMMC resin, affinity using FVIIISelect resin and ion exchange (SP-Sepharose) yielded a fairly homogeneous and well-defined band profile (by SDS-PAGE) which demonstrated the expected presence of the light and heavy chains, Westen-Blott indicated that commercial antibodies recognized the heavy chain of the studied molecule. The techniques allowed a high reproducibility of the process where purification sequences indicated the same behavior of chromatographic profiles and the process eliminated 99.5% ± 0.5% nonspecific proteins and recovering up to 64% FVIIIr. FVIIr was purified with only a single chromatographic technique using the FVIISelect resin which isolated the protein by removing about 99% impurities and recovering virtually the entire product. The affinity chromatography eluate was dialyzed on 5 kDa membranes which resulted in the autoactivation process of the FVIIr molecule resulting in a signal increase of up to 5 fold over the initial amount. The SDS-PAGE gel and Westen-Blott demonstrated the auto-activation process where a migration of 50 kDa to 30 kDa band was observed and the commercial antibodies against FVII were able to detect the band. The purification method was also quite reproducible and the band profile very similar compared to the commercial products. Thus, it was possible to obtain purification platforms for the FVIIr and FVIIIr proteins.

Les organisations non gouvernementales étrangères(ONG) étaient présentes pendant la guerre contre les États-Unis dans la province de Quảng Nam pour aider des victimes de la guerre. Cependant, après la libération du Việt Nam en 1975, elles ont stoppé toutes les activités en raison de la politique de l'embargo américain. Elles ont commencé à se retourner au Việt Nam à partir de la mise en œuvre de l'innovation de "Đổi mới-renouveau" en 1986. De 1991 à ce jour, les ONG se développent fortement en nombre d'organisations et en projets d'aides. Ces ONG réalisent non seulement les opérations d'aides humanitaires mais aussi elles jouent un rôle actif dans le développement durable de la province. Etant l'auteur de cette étude, avec plus de 20 ans d'expérience et de contacts de travail avec des centaines d'ONG de différents pays. Cette étude est menée avec une méthodologie de recherche: documentation, analyse des rapports; évaluation des résultats des financements des ONG; organisation de séminaires, conférences et dialogues entre les partenaires; élaboration et distribution des formulaires d'enquête auprès des bénéficiaires, des autorités locales et des représentants des ONG; travail d'enquête sur des localités dans de nombreux domaines. Les résultats de l'étude ont montré que ces organisations fonctionnent dans la plupart des domaines tels que la santé, l'éducation, la protection de l'environnement, le déminage, les aides aux victimes affectées par l'Agent Orange/Dioxine, le soutien pour les handicapés, la formation professionnelle, le développement du tourisme communautaire, les aides urgentes en cas des catastrophes naturelles, adaptation aux changements climatiques. Les ONG jouent un rôle positif au développement durable au niveau local et répondre aux besoins réels des habitants. Cependant, dans certains cas, elles mènent des activités négatives ceux qui causent des difficultés dans la gestion d'état. D'autre part, cette étude souhaite montrer la bureaucratie, la lourdeur des procédures administratives au Việt Nam
Foreign non-governmental organizations have come to Quảng Nam province during the American War to help victims of the war. However, after the Liberation Day (1975), they ceased their operations due to the US embargo against Việt Nam. They resumed their operations in Vietnam when the Doi Moi (Renovation in 1986) was implemented. From 1991 until now these organizations have grown in terms of quantity and numbers of aid projects. They have not only performed humanitarian activities but also played an active role in maintaining sustainable development of the province. The author of this research has over 20 years of experience in meeting and working with hundreds of foreign non-governmental organizations from a number of countries. The research methods conducted for this topic include documenting, analyzing reports; evaluating aid results; organizing seminars, conferences, dialogues between partners; handing out questionnaires to beneficiaries, local authorities and representatives of foreign NGO; conducting field surveys in many areas. The results of the research show that these organizations have their operations in almost the areas such as healthcare, education, environmental protection, demining, helping Agent Orange/dioxin victims, supporting disabled people, vocational training, community based tourism development, recovery from natural disaster consequences and climate change responses. They made positive contributions to the project localities in sustainable development and meeting the practical needs of the local people. However, in some cases, their activities also cause negative impacts and difficulties in management. Addionally, the research also points out the bureaucracy, negativity, and cumbersome procedures of paper-like administration existing in Việt Nam

La méthode géopolitique permet de comprendre les véritables causes de la conquête de l'Irlande sous Henri VII et Henri VIII, qu'il convient tout d'abord de rattacher à l'essor d'un État moderne en Angleterre. D'un point de vue interne, le pouvoir anglais cherche à homogénéiser son royaume. Pour y parvenir, il doit résoudre le problème de " rupture " entre Londres et la Seigneurie d'Irlande et affronter les Irlandais gaéliques qui utilisent le relief de l'île pour contester l'autorité anglaise. D'un point de vue externe, les princes européens veulent tirer profit de la situation géographique et de l'insularité de l'Irlande pour diriger une pénétration militaire contre l'Angleterre. Ces deux éléments constituent également des avantages géostratégiques et géoéconomiques pour Londres. Enfin, la dimension idéologique permet de légitimer le processus de soumission des Irlandais
The geopolitical method allows us to understand the real causes of the conquest of Ireland under Henry VII and Henry VIII, which must, first of all, be linked to the building of a modern state in England. From an internal point of view, the English power seeks to homogenize the structure of its kingdom. To reach its aim, it must answer the question of the " breaking " of relationships between London and the Lordship of Ireland. It must also confront the Gaelic chiefs, who use the geographical features of the island to question the English authority. From an external point of view, some European princes seek to take advantage of the Irish geographical situation and insularity to lead an invasion of England. At the same time, these elements also constitute geostrategical and geoeconomical advantages for London. Finally, the ideological dimension is used to legitimise the process of submitting the Irish

Art History
Ph.D.
The Forum, once the most central and sacred part of the ancient city of Rome, evolved over the course of centuries into a cluttered space at the threshold of the built-up city and its more rural periphery. Among the rubble of antique monuments--destroyed by earthquakes, flooding, or purposeful spoliation--livestock grazed at the site, giving it the appellation Campo Vaccino, or cow pasture, in the early modern period. Despite these obstacles, the Forum remained a vital part of the spiritual life of Romans after several of its structures were Christianized beginning in the sixth century. It became the province of the Catholic Church, and underwent a significant rehabilitation through papal patronage in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The seven churches ringing the Forum's periphery were restored or rebuilt over the course of about fifty years, allowing the patrons to harness the symbolism of the pagan and Christian past of the site to promote the glorious reviving Church. In this dissertation, I examine the Forum from a variety of vantage points, in order to reconstruct the antiquarian understanding of the site, its monuments, and history in the seventeenth century. The first chapter examines the historiography of the Forum and its churches, while outlining the issues at stake in the refashioning of this urban center. Chapter Two provides an overview of the Forum's history up to the sixteenth century. In Chapter Three, I consider the phenomenon of the Paleochristian Revival of the Counter-Reformation, and the ways in which it manifested itself at the Campo Vaccino. Chapter Four begins a series of case studies, organized by papacy, to elucidate the state of the Forum and its churches. Clement VIII Aldobrandini's direct patronage and other projects dating to his papacy initiated the wave of renovations that continued over the next several decades. The papacies of Paul V Borghese and Gregory XV Ludovisi are the subject of Chapter Five, when the urban environment at the edge of the Forum underwent new developments, in addition to works at the churches themselves. In Chapter Six, I focus on the two projects commissioned by Urban VIII Barberini: SS. Cosma e Damiano and SS. Luca e Martina, which demonstrate two very different approaches to ancient buildings. Finally, Chapter Seven considers works in the Campo Vaccino during the reign of Innocent X Pamphili, and the unification of these disparate renovations by the dramatic remaking of the central space by Alexander VII Chigi. These numerous projects carried out between 1592 and 1656 completely remade the Forum, renewing its historical importance in the city while highlighting its connection to Rome's dual history. The imperial and Early Christian past at the Forum now stood alongside the monuments of early modern Rome. The seventeenth century project added a new layer to the palimpsest of this eminently historical site.
Temple University--Theses

Das Ziel des alljährlichen Dresdner Flächennutzungssymposiums (DFNS) ist es, neue Entwicklungen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis zur Flächennutzungsthematik vorzustellen und zu diskutieren. Der vorliegende Band vereinigt Beiträge zu nahezu allen Präsentationen der 8. Auflage dieser Veranstaltungsreihe, die vom 11. bis 12. Mai 2016 stattfand. Sie umspannen die Themen Handlungsstrategien, Flächensparen, Flächenplanung, Innenentwicklung, Flächennutzungsstatistik, neue (Geo-)Datenangebote, deutschlandweite Analyseergebnisse, Verkehr, nutzergenerierte Daten und Big Data, Ökosystemindikatoren sowie Prognose und Projektionen.

Orientador: Haquira Osakabe
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: A dissertação compara um grupo de poemas associados ao gênero de lamentação fúnebre, presentes na lírica galego-portuguesa da Idade Média e na literatura japonesa da antigüidade. Na parte galego-portuguesa foram escolhidos poemas produzidos nas cortes feudais da Península Ibérica nos séculos XIII e XIV e conservados nos Cancioneiros. Na parte japonesa, foram estudados os poemas que figuram em três obras, a saber, duas historiografiasde caráter mítico-Iendárioe uma antologia lírica chamada Man' yõshú. Essas três obras japonesas foram compiladas nos séculos VII e VIII, quando o Japão se organizava em um Estado. Quanto à organização do trabalho, primeiramente as características de cada cultura lírica foram examinadas em separado e, na conclusão, foi realizado seu confronto. Embora duas manifestações líricas não tenham pertencido à mesma civilização nem a período idêntico, o gênero de lamentação, em ambas, mostra uma grande similaridade. No trabalho, discute-se sobretudo a função geral do gênero de lamentação nas sociedadese nos períodos focalizados
Abstract: This work examine one group of poetry associated to funeral lamentation, existing in the middle age of Galician-Portuguese lyric and in the antiquity of Japanese literature. Some poems realized in the feudal courts during the XII and XIVth century and preserved in the collective anthologies were picked up from the Galician-Portuguese literature. Fromthe Japanese literature, poems figured in three works, two historiography of mythical-legendary character called Kojild e Shoki, and one lyric anthology called Manyoshu, were chosen. These three works were prepared in the VIIth and VIIIth century while Japan was being organized into State. The characteristics of chosen poems of Galician-Portuguese literature and the Japanese literature, were studied separately and then were compared. The two literaturedid not belong to the same civilization nor the same period and thus, no direct relationshipwas found. However, their funerall amentation show a great similarity. This study might help to understand the general role of the lamentation in the focused society or period
Mestrado
Literatura Geral e Comparada
Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

Hanoï possède une grande variété de patrimoines architecturaux urbains qui jouissent d'une grande valeur dans la vie communautaire et assurent certaines fonctions dans l'organisation spatiale de la ville. En dépit de grands efforts de l’État, la préservation est encore une tâche difficile. Dans le contexte d'un développement rapide, surtout après la politique de Renouveau en 1986, Hanoï a montré la nécessité de protéger non seulement les valeurs existantes d'un patrimoine isolé, mais aussi leurs dynamiques espaces environnants. Ces éléments se sont trouvés «empiétés», «occupés», menaçant les «messages patrimoniaux». De ce fait, les problèmes patrimoniaux ne sont pas seulement liés à la valeur de chaque bâtiment en soi, mais ils sont également une problématique de la vie urbaine. Les patrimoines font partie du contexte de développement urbain. Leur influence et leurs relations avec d'autres éléments urbains, y compris une vie dynamique et divers besoins de la communauté, sont indéniables. Pour réaliser la thèse, des études de terrain ont été menées sur des sites patrimoniaux situés dans des zones typiques pour l'urbanisation de la ville, l'interaction commnunautaire et le contexte de développement urbain. Cela aide à identifier les problèmes du patrimoine tels que les caractéristiques du patrimoine, la valeur patrimoniale, les relations mutuelles entre le patrimoine - la communauté - le développement urbain, les changements positifs et négatifs des patrimoines, d'autres facteurs pertinents des groupes communautaires. En conséquence, la thèse avance des suggestions pour préserver les patrimoines dans le contexte du développement urbain, encourager la participation communautaire et équilibrer le besoin de préservation et les contraintes du développement urbain. Le développement de l'espace d'interaction entre le patrimoine et la communauté, la mise en place d'un forum du patrimoine pour améliorer le partage de l'information sur le patrimoine au sein des groupes communautaires, la formulation de politiques basées sur la demande du marché et les besoins réels des différents groupes cibles... font partie des orientations suggérées
Hanoi owns a huge variety of urban architectural heritages that have a good value in community life and serve certain functions in the city' s spatial organisation. Despite great effort from the State, preservation is still a challenging task. In the context of rapid development, especially after the Renovation policy in 1986, Hanoi has raised the need to protect not only existing single heritage values but also their dynamic surrounding spaces. These elements have been "encroached", "occupied", threatening "heritage messages". Thereby, heritage issues are not only related to the value of each single building itself, but they are also an issue of urban life. Heritages are a component of the urban development context. Their influence and relation with other urban elements, including a dynamic life and diverse needs of the community, is undeniable. To complete the thesis, field surveys were conducted at heritage sites located at typical areas for city urbanisation, community interaction and urban development context. This helps to identify heritage issues such as heritage features, heritage value, mutual relationship between heritage -community -urban development, positive and negative changes of heritages, other relevant factors from community groups. Accordingly, the thesis puts forward suggestions to preserve heritages in the context of urban development, to encourage community participation and to balance the need for preservation and the constraints of city development. Developing the interaction space between heritage and community, setting up a Heritage Forum to enhance the sharing of heritage information among community groups, making policies based on market demand and the actual needs of different target groups... are among the suggested directions

Inledning: Många organisationer och projekt har under de senaste åren fokuserat på att främja en ökad konsumtion och kunskap om viltkött. Den enkla frågan ”hur smakar vilt?” blir i detta sammanhang mycket betydelsefull. Hur kan smaken vilt beskrivas med ord?Litteraturgenomgång: Idag står viltkött för 4 % av den totala köttkonsumtionen men runt 59 % vill äta mer viltkött. Flera nya Svenska undersökningar har visat att smakbeskrivningar av produkter kan underlätta köpbeslutet för konsumenten. Det har också visats att våra sinnen påverkar våra köpbeslut och att ju mer vi fångar en konsuments sinnen ju mer kan köpbeslutet påverkas.Syfte: Syftet med den här undersökningen var att ta fram en sensorisk beskrivning av viltsmak. Studiens mål var också att få svar på vilka ord som kunde beskriva viltsmaken hos älg-, hjort- och vildsvinskött och hur tydlig viltsmaken var hos de tre viltarterna.Metod: Med kött från tre utvalda villebråd skapades en smakprofil för viltkött genom ett sensoriskt beskrivande test. En profilpanel fick provsmaka ytterfilén av hjort, älg och vildsvin. Undersökningen gjordes vid ett tillfälle och var uppdelat i tre moment. Först fick panelen göra en individuell bedömning av viltköttet genom att fylla i en enkät. Sedan diskuterades enkätens resultat i en gruppdiskussion och i sista momentet bestämdes viltsmakens intensitet hos de tre viltarterna i form av ett intensitetstest.Resultat: Resultatet visar att vilt har en syrlig smak, en karaktäristisk blod- och metallsmak samt en mustig smak av skog och jord. Även om studien främst var inriktad på smaken och inte doft, valdes svaveldoft att finnas med i beskrivningen för viltsmak eftersom den återkom hos samtliga viltarter. Viltsmaken var betydligt intensivare hos älgen och hjorten medan den hos vildsvinet visades vara mycket mild. Älgen hade den mest utpräglade viltsmaken.Slutsats: En slutsats kan dras med resultatet som stöd att viltsmak kan beskrivas vara syrligt, ha en karaktäristisk blod- och metallsmak samt en mustig smak av skog och jord. Slutsatsen kan också dras att älgen och hjorten har en mycket kraftig medan vildsvinet inte har samma tydligare viltsmak. Genom litteraturstudier drogs vidare slutsatsen att sensorisk beskrivning av viltkött kan förenkla konsumentens beslut, skapa en vassare marknadsföring samt öka upplevelsen för både den vanliga konsumenten och inom för konsumenter inom turisnäringen. Med hjälp av beskrivande smakord kan också samtal och uttryck för vad maten smakar öka gemenskapen under en måltid.
Introduction: Many organizations and projects have during the past years focused on to promote an increased consumption and knowledge for game meat. The simple question “How does game taste?” becomes in this context very essential. How can the taste of game be described with words?Literature review: Today game meat represents 4 % of the total meat consumption but approximately 59 % would like to eat more game meat. Several new Swedish studies have shown that taste descriptions of products can ease the purchase decision for the consumer. It has also been shown that our senses are influencing on our purchase decision. All the more we can catch the consumers senses all the more the purchase decision can be influenced.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a sensory description for the gamy flavor. The aim with the study was also to answer, which words could describe the taste of game of deer, elk and boar and how clear the taste of game was in these three species.Method: With meat from three selected games a taste profile for game meat was created through a sensory descriptive test. A profile panel tasted the sirloin from deer, elk and boar. The study was performed at one occasion and divided into three separate stages. At the first stage the panel made an individual judgment by filling in a survey. In the subsequent stage the result from the survey was discussed in groups and in the final stage the taste intensity of the three different games was determined by an intensity test.Results: The results shows that game has a sour taste, a characteristic blood and metallic taste and a rich taste of wood and earth. Although the study focused on taste rather than scents, the scent of sulfur was decided to be a part of the gamy flavor as it appeared at all species. The elk and deer had a strong taste of game meanwhile the boar showed a more mild taste. The elk had the most pronounced gamy flavor.Conclusion: One conclusion that was made with the results as support is that the taste of game can be described as sour, a characteristic blood and metallic taste and a rich taste of wood and earth. Another conclusion that can be made is that the elk and the deer has a much more stronger taste of game compared to the boar which doesn’t have the same clear taste of game. By literature studies a conclusion could be made that a sensory description of game meat can ease the consumers purchase decision, create a more cutting edge marketing, and enhance the experience both for the ordinary consumer and the consumer in the tourist business. Using descriptive words for the taste of the food can also increase the communion during a meal.

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil Gestão e Sistemas Ambientais
Os edifícios têm um papel de destaque na redução das emissões de GEE (gases de efeito de estufa) e no cumprimento das metas de Quioto, sendo responsáveis por aproximadamente 40% do consumo final de energia na UE (União Europeia). As Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), como centros de vários ramos do saber, formadoras e modelos para a sociedade, devem assumir uma maior exigência e responsabilidade quanto à sustentabilidade das suas actividades. Este trabalho contribui para o diagnóstico energético de alguns dos edifícios pertencentes ao campus da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL). São por isso objectivo do trabalho a realização de questionários sobre os comportamentos de alunos, docentes e funcionários não docentes acerca da utilização da energia no campus, bem como a realização de estimativas de consumo de energia para os vários usos, o estudo da envolvente dos edifícios através de termografia e a avaliação do cumprimento das normas que recomendam os valores de iluminância para espaços interiores. Identificaram-se várias ineficiências nos edifícios estudados, entre elas a falta de isolamento das pontes térmicas, a falta de manutenção das luminárias e a utilização de iluminação artificial quando existe luz natural. Este trabalho concluiu que os edifícios com actividades laboratoriais possuem nestas actividades o maior consumo de energia eléctrica. Nos edifícios sem laboratórios, a climatização é efectuada através de chillers, constituindo o maior consumo de electricidade. A intensidade eléctrica por metro quadrado é superior aos valores de referência do Reino Unido e França, para alguns laboratórios e administração. As emissões de CO2e per capita associadas a cada um dos edifícios estudados e ao campus da FCT/UNL são superiores ao melhor classificado Green League 2008. Os comportamentos da população inquirida da FCT/UNL possuem um elevado potencial de poupança, principalmente no consumo stand by e off power dos equipamentos de escritório e na utilização dos equipamentos de climatização, através da correcta regulação da sua temperatura. Nos laboratórios a falta de manutenção dos equipamentos e o consumo off power são pontos de ineficiência. Existe assim, um potencial de poupança elevado, apenas com medidas simples, que pode atingir os 15%.

Depuis le Đổi Mới (1986), le gouvernement Vietnamien a adopté une stratégie d’urbanisation accélérée. En tant que capitale du pays, Hà Nội joue un rôle d’atout dans cette orientation. La ville s’étend sans cesse vers la périphérie avec les changements de la limite administrative et l’ambition de se développer à travers des schémas directeurs. L’intégration des communes rurales dans la ville induit des problèmes d’identité et d’environnement dans les villages. Cela pose la question de la relation entre l’urbanisation et le patrimoine villageois. Cette question est posée dans le contexte où la notion de patrimoine, mentionnée dans la loi sur le patrimoine culturel du Vietnam, est encore limitée. Ce travail est organisé en deux parties. La première est consacrée à l’identification des éléments patrimoniaux villageois à travers la recherche de la conception traditionnelle sur le patrimoine des vietnamiens et l’étude de la conception sur le patrimoine, importée de l’Occident. En analysant la structure socio-culturelle et la structure spatiale des villages périphériques, les éléments patrimoniaux villageois vont être identifiés avec un point de vue imbriquant les conceptions orientales et occidentales. La seconde partie vise à l’évaluation de la transformation du patrimoine villageois face à l’urbanisation avec les deux cas des villages périurbains Triều Khúc et Nhân Chính. La logique dans la relation entre la transformation fonctionnelle et la transformation spatiale est analysée pour éclairer la permanence et la rupture des éléments du patrimoine villageois. Finalement, cette recherche s’emploie à décrire la gestion du patrimoine villageois, en en analysant les mécanismes, la coordination des acteurs, les règlements de conservations établis par l’État et par le village et surtout l'application de ces règlements dans les villages
Since the Đổi Mới (1986), the government of Vietnam adopted an accelerated urbanization strategy. Being the national capital, Hà Nội is an asset in this urban orientation. The city is expanding unto its periphery, a process that entails changes in administrative boundaries and development ambitions reflected in master plans. The integration of rural communes into the city raises identity and environmental problems in the villages. This raises the issue of the relationship between urbanization and village heritage. This question is posed in the context where the definition of notion of heritage, mentioned in the Vietnamese Law on Cultural Heritage is still limited. This study is organized in two parts. The first part is devoted to the identification of village heritage components. It explores the traditional understanding of heritage by Vietnamese people and the ideas about heritage imported from the West. Through an analysis of the socio-cultural and spatial structure of the villages on the outskirts of the city, the elements constitutive of village heritage are identified based on Eastern and Western principles. The second part uses the case of two periurban villages (Triều Khúc and Nhân Chính) to assess transformations of village heritage in the face urbanization. The underpinning logic between the functional and spatial transformation of both villages is studied to shed light on the elements of rupture and permanence in village heritage. Finally, this research describes the management of village heritage. It analyses the mechanisms, the coordination of actors, the conservation regulations stipulated by the State and by villagers, and most importantly, the application of these regulations locally

Många drabbas av social ångest. Vikt och kroppsuppfattning relaterar till social ångest men sambandet behöver tydliggöras. Syftet med studien var att se hur mycket av variationen i social ångest över tid som kan förklaras av vikt-, och kroppsrelaterade mått, samt undersöka könsskillnader. Studien var longitudinell och baserades på en enkätundersökning vid två insamlingstillfällen med ett års mellanrum (N=361). Resultatet visade att upplevd övervikt, felaktigt upplevd övervikt, kön och kroppsnöjdhet tillsammans förklarade 7 % av variationen i social ångest över tid. Tjejer som var missnöjda med sina kroppar löpte ökad risk att rapportera högre grad av social ångest vid tidpunkt 2. Slutsatsen är att tjejer och killar har olika relation till sina kroppar vilket bör beaktas vid behandling och prevention.
Many people suffer from social anxiety. There is a relationship between weight and body perception connected to social anxiety but the link needs to be sorted out. The aim with our study was to clarify to what extent social anxiety is due to weight and body related concerns and to examine gender differences. The study was longitudinal and based on a survey performed at two occasions with one year interval (N=361). The result showed that perceived overweight, incorrectly perceived overweight, gender and body satisfaction predicts 7 % of the variety in social anxiety one year ahead. Girls who were dissatisfied with their bodies ran an increased risk reporting a higher level of social anxiety at the second occasion. Conclusively, as girls' and boys' relationships with their bodies differ, this findings should be considered in treatments and preventive programs.

I have placed 6 houses alongside a country road in Värmland. By building new I have wanted to investigate the production of certain spatial moments; moments I have discerned from the presence of places, as the road passes them through this peripheral area. Their differences aside each house derives from a found sense of hospitality, as well a proud mentality of showing the very best of sides to a visitor. Programmatically the houses portray one tale each - about an encounter and that of being a host and invite a guest inside. That being said the host could very well be the house in itself. I have asked myself: what if a visitor passed by, what would take place? - And what would the building express in waiting for that to happen?

Detta kandidatarbete handlar om det spatiala ljudets vikt i en digital värld där det visuella alltsom oftast hamnar i framkant. För att utföra detta går denna text in på vad ett ljudligt narrativ är, människans lyssnade och interaktivt ljudberättande. Förståelse för alternativa koncept såsom ljud i olika kontexter, till exempel soundscapes och sound mapping presenteras med studier från R. Murray. Schafer (1994), Mark Nazemi och Diane Gromala(2012).Tillsammans med ny och gammal teknik kommer denna undersökning att försöka arbeta gentemot människans naturliga respons till ljud utan visuella referenspunkter. Detta undersöks med hjälp av spatialt ljud , ny lokaliseringsteknik; även känt som Pozyx som integrerats tillsammans med en virtuell miljö, skapat i spelmotorn Unity där användandet av ljudmotorn renderar spatialt ljud i realtid. Resultatet blev att deltagarna i denna undersökning skapade sitt egna personliga narrativ, där vi som designers skapade förutsättningarna till detta genom interaktiv teknik och selektivt lyssnande.
This bachelor thesis is about the importance of spatial sounds in a digital world where the visual most often comes to the forefront. To do this, this text goes on what a sound narrative is, the human listening and interactive sound narrative. Understanding of alternative concepts like sounds in different contexts, such as soundscapes and sound mapping, is presented withstudies by R. Murray. Schafer (1994), Mark Nazemi and Diane Gromala (2012). Along with new and old technology, this study will try to explain the human natural response to sound without visual reference points. This is investigated using spatial sound, new localization technology; also known as Pozyx, integrated with a virtual environment created in the Unity’s game engine, where the use of the audio engine delivers spatial sound in real time. As a result, the participants in this survey created their own personal narrative, where we as designers created the conditions for this, through interactive technology and selective listening.

Cette thèse essaie de donner une typologie propre de conflits fonciers considérés comme un sujet très sensible et émergent dans les Hauts Plateaux du Centre Việt Nam. La province du Dak Lak est choisie comme l’étude de cas. Les conflits fonciers sont divisés en quatre types principaux dans lesquels on distingue 20 sous-types différents par leurs causes. Ces conflits fonciers sont traités dans le contexte de transition agraire au Việt Nam née de la politique du Đổi Mới en 1986. Les analyses de conflits fonciers se centrent sur leurs natures, leurs périodes de crise, leurs acteurs et leurs types d’occupation du sol. Les causes de conflits sont mises en relation avec les quatre fenêtres de la transition agraire au Việt Nam: l’intégration à l’économie de marché, l’intensification et l’expansion agricole, l’accroissement de mobilité des populations et enfin l’intensification des législations. Les résultats montrent bien des relations réciproques entre les conflits fonciers et les éléments de la transition agraire dans les hautes terres du Việt Nam
This thesis tries to give a proper typology of land conflicts considered as very sensible topic in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The province of Dak Lak is chosen as for a case study. The land conflicts are divided in four main types in which there are 20 different under-types by their causes. These land conflicts are analyzed in the agrarian transition context in Vietnam thanks to the politics of Đổi Mới in 1986. The analyses of land conflicts concentrate on their natures, their periods of crisis, their actors and their types of land-use. Then, the causes of conflicts are put in relation with the four windows of the agrarian transition in Vietnam: the integration to the economy of market, the intensification and agricultural expansion, the growth of mobility of the populations and finally the intensification of the legislations. The results show a lot of reciprocal relations between the fundamental conflicts and the elements of the agrarian transition in the Central Highlands of the Vietnam

Background: Studies have described the aggregate results of federal funding for health professions education at the national level, but analysis of the long‐term impact of institutional participation in these programs has been limited. Purpose: To describe and assess federally supported curricular innovations at East Tennessee State University designed to promote family medicine and nurse practitioner graduate interest in rural and underserved populations. Methods: Descriptive analysis of a survey to determine practice locations of nurse practitioner graduates (1992‐2002) and graduates of 3 family medicine residencies (1978‐2002). Graduates’ (N = 656) practice locations were documented using specific federal designations relating to health professions shortages and rurality. Results: Overall, 83% of family medicine residency and 80% of nurse practitioner graduates selected practice locations in areas with medically underserved or health professions shortage designations; 48% of family physicians and 38% of nurse practitioners were in rural areas. Conclusions: Graduates who study in an educational setting with a mission‐driven commitment to rural and community health and who participate in curricular activities designed to increase their experience with rural and underserved populations choose, in high numbers, to care for these populations in their professional practice.

Le "Doi moi" ou renouveau désignant l'ouverture économique du Vietnam en 1986, se double d'un renouveau urbain manifeste, contrastant avec trente ans d'inertie. Notre recherche s'appuie sur un premier constat à la fois simple et singuler ; celui d'une urbanisation aux formes, aux rythmes et aux effets contrastés. Dans quelle mesure et selon quels processus les boulversements engendrés par l'ouverture économique se répercutent-ils sur les sociétés et les espaces ? Ces questionnements, articulés autour de la notion de transition constituent le fil directeur de notre recherche sur les mutations socio-économiquess et spatiales de Hanoi. Nous montrons dans quelle mesure l'analyse cartographique, s'appuyant sur l'atlas infographique de Hanoi que nous avons élaboré en 2002, se révèle pertinente pour rendre compte de réalités géographiques extrêmement mouvantes dans l'espace et temps. Jusque dans les années 1990, la physionomie des franges urbaines puis des campagnes s'est caractérisée pr une forte densification à l'intérieur des périmètres urbains ou villageois fixes et l'avancée progressive des fronts urbains selon les axes routiers. Depuis 1995 et surtout 1997, les espaces périurbains sont l'objet d'importantes emprises spatiales et foncières sur fond de conflit entre politiques publiques et stratégies privées. Les héritages successifs se mêlent aux nouvelles orientations en matière d'aménagement, modifiant de jour en jour le caractère "villageois" (ou village urbain) que Hanoi conservait jusqu'ici. Par sa nature (confinement spatial) et son histoire récente (collectivisation pendant une trentaine d'années), le processus de péri-urbanistion de Hanoi est révélateur des stratégies des divers acteurs en période de transition économique et permet d'appréhender la métropolisation de la capitale et plus généralement, la transition urbaine vietnamienne.

Cette thèse analyse les mécanismes de transformation et de construction d'appartenances territoriales. En partant de l'hypothèse que la plantation des cultures commerciales pérennes favorise l'ancrage des hommes, sont étudiés dans le cas des plateaux du Centre Viêt Nam les principes théoriques et pratiques allogènes incorporés à un territoire et à des populations autochtones. Le caféier, importé par les colons, ancré dans le territoire, conduit à la perte de repères symboliques et matériels des paysanneries autochtones mais aussi à l'appropriation politique et économique de ces espaces. Soucieux de contrôler des régions parfois rétives à la majorité nationale, L'État vietnamien dès son indépendance a favorisé l'arrivée et l'ancrage d'allochtones, désormais majoritaires. L'exploitation agricole et la conversion des représentations participent à la redéfinition de l'appartenance territoriale mais au prix de dégradations environnementales et d'une crise économique et sociale profonde
This thesis analyses the conversion mechanisms of the territorial belongings. In regard of the hypothesis that the durable cash crops' plantation favours human rooting, the theoretical principles and non-native practices incorporated to a territory and to indigenous people are studied in Viet Nam highlands. Imported by the colonial power, the coffee tree anchored in this territory, leads not only to the loss of symbolical landmarks and to the loss of native farmer materials but also to the political and economical appropriation of these areas. The Vietnamese State, concerned by the control of these restive areas towards the majority national people, has favoured since its independency the arrival and the anchoring of non-natives who are henceforth the majority in the country. Farming and the changes of representations take a role in the redefinition of the territorial belongings but at the expenses of environmental damages and of a deep social and economical crisis

Le début du 20ème siècle fut pour l’histoire du Viêt Nam une époque charnière où s’opérèrent le passage à la modernité, l’intégration au monde moderne, l’auto-reconnaissance de son identité nationale parmi les nations du vaste monde et non plus exclusivement par opposition-identification à la sphère sinisée. Ce fut aussi le moment où, face à une modernité venue de l’extérieur, qui s’était imposée non sans arrogance ni sans agressivité, mais aussi avec une grande force d’attraction, surtout culturelle, les Vietnamien-nes furent amenés à faire le bilan de leur passé, à jeter un regard neuf sur le vécu quotidien,à comparer, confronter, s’imprégner de cultures différentes, à remettre en question un ordre, une hiérarchie, des valeurs jusque-là souvent ressentis comme immuables. Après la répression des lettrés modernistes en 1908, il a fallu attendre l’arrivée sur le front politique d’une relève militante, sur l’arène socioculturelle celle d’une génération de jeunes intellectuel-les issus de l’enseignement franco-indigène, voire des universités françaises en métropole pour que de nouvelles voix se fassent entendre. Nous définissons par conséquent comme repères chronologiques d’abord l’année 1918 où l’on note deux événements marquants, la parution du premier périodique féminin et féministe, le Son de cloche du genre féminin et le début de la carrière journalistique de la féministe Dam Phuong. Notre travail s’arrête en 1945 où la Révolution d’août mit fin à une période de bouillonnement politique et culturel en assurant l’hégémonie du Parti communiste vietnamien sur la lutte pour l’indépendance et les deux guerres contre les Français et les Américains. Entre 1918 et 1945, notre recherche privilégie les réponses féminines et féministes apportées à la problématique de la modernisation de la société vietnamienne. Elle rend compte de la volonté et de la décision des femmes (et des hommes) appartenant le plus souvent aux couches sociales moyennes et supérieures, des intellectuel-les formé-es à l’école française dans la plupart des cas, d’affirmer la présence féminine dans les affaires publiques et de faire entendre la voix des femmes au-delà de l’espace privé qui leur était traditionnellement assigné, sans exclure leurs propositions, ni celles des modernistes en général, de réorganiser cet espace privé. Elle se soucie de cerner les débats – non exclusivement féminins, loin de là – et les multiples identités féminines nouvelles qui émergeaient des relations complexes de remise en cause ou de défense des traditions, d’approches diversifiées de la modernité inspirée du modèle occidental. Les Vietnamiennes et Vietnamiens des années 1920 à 1945 tentèrent de promouvoir la modernité et la modernisation de la famille, de la société au travers des efforts investis dans les études scolaires et universitaires, dans le travail professionnel salarié, dans les activités socio-culturelles, dans le militantisme réformiste ou révolutionnaire, nationaliste ou internationaliste. Ils participèrent ainsi activement à l’évolution des mœurs, à la déconstruction pour des reconstructions différenciées des rapports homme-femme et des rapports interpersonnels, des rapports entre l’individu et les communautés, notamment familiales. Dans la première partie, pour définir le cadre, nous commençons par décrire et analyser la place des femmes et la problématique du genre au sein des traditions vietnamiennes, que nous montrons miroitantes de multiples facettes, tellement la longue et riche histoire vietnamienne avait accumulé des apports divers à partir d’un substrat sud-est asiatique qui ne perdait point de son originalité au contact des civilisations chinoises et indiennes si brillantes fussent-elles. Nous présentons ensuite les acteurs et les vecteurs de la modernisation, où venait en première ligne l’instruction publique, mais où foisonnaient aussi d’autres ferments tels que la presse, la littérature moderne, la professionnalisation des femmes, le militantisme, …Dans la deuxième partie, à partir des sources imprimées que constitue la création artistique de l’époque, plus particulièrement la création littéraire, nous analysons des représentations de femmes. Les romans et nouvelles témoignaient d’une exploration de nouvelles possibilités dans la relation de couple, dans la vertu féminine comme dans la façon de traiter chacun-e des membres de la petite et grande famille. Si les romans faisaient état de prises de position plus ou moins révolutionnaires de la part des femmes instruites, de leurs comportements de soumission ou de révolte ; la poésie dévoilait des transformations profondes dans la sensibilité des jeunes. Toute cette littérature moderne était la production de nouvelles générations d’auteur-es gagné-es à la cause de l’européanisation (Âu hoa) – comme le formulait le groupe littéraire Tu luc (Compter sur ses propres forces), leurs moyens de promotion de nouveaux modes de vie, de nouvelles valeurs ou d’une rénovation en profondeur des valeurs ancestrales. Elle s’inspirait de l’évolution socioculturelle en cours et y contribuait puissamment avec tout le multiple talent et toute l’ardeur réformatrice des initiateurs. Nous retraçons également des parcours de femmes militantes de diverses tendances, de femmes de lettres comme d’épouses de quelques intellectuels et/ou révolutionnaires éminents. La dernière partie répond plus directement à la question : dans quelle mesure peut-on parler d’un – ou des – féminisme(s) vietnamien(s) qui aurai(en)t émergé avant la Révolution d’août 1945 ? Notre recherche a permis d’expliciter une panoplie d’idées émancipatrices, de pratiques innovantes et d’en questionner les origines. Il devient possible de rendre compte de l’existence d’un véritable féminisme vietnamien et d’en esquisser un premier bilan. En affirmant la réalité et le dynamisme des femmes et des féministes vietnamiennes dans les années 1918-1945, nous pensons avoir aussi contribué à rétablir un maillon estompé dans l’histoire moderne et contemporaine vietnamienne, l’époque qui se situe entre ce qui est perçu comme « l’échec » du mouvement des lettrés modernistes et la Révolution d’août 1945. En nous intéressant à l’histoire des femmes, en tant qu’ « histoire relationnelle, qui compare les situations ou les rôles des hommes et des femmes et examine les représentations des deux sexes » (Françoise Thébaud), nous avons éclairé d’autres aspects de la société et de la culture vietnamiennes en cette phase capitale de mutation. Les bases idéologiques de la nation vietnamienne moderne furent alors jetées, à travers l’appropriation par les différentes catégories sociales, par les femmes comme les hommes, des valeurs et pratiques exogènes maintenant examinées, sélectionnées, adaptées, parfois reconstruites dans une harmonisation voulue par la majorité (loin de nous l’idée qu’elle fût homogène et monolithique) avec les valeurs culturelles traditionnelles, elles aussi repassées au crible de la réflexion critique des intellectuel-les modernistes. En interrogeant les femmes, nous avons rencontré d’autres oubliés, méconnus, mal connus ou injustement marginalisés de l’histoire moderne vietnamienne ; ils furent pourtant non seulement objets (de l’instruction moderne et des changements socioéconomiques) mais des sujets actifs oeuvrant pour une meilleure dignité humaine, des femmes comme des hommes, des colonisé-es d’hier qui n’aspiraient qu’à devenir des égaux, voire des frères et sœurs. En scrutant une étape cruciale de l’histoire (à écrire) des femmes vietnamiennes, ce travail aura défriché un terrain prometteur
In the history of Viet Nam, the beginning of 20th century was a period of transition where took place the passage to modernity, the integration to modern world, the auto-recognition of Vietnamese national identity among worldwide nations and no more exclusively through the opposition-identification to the China sphere. It was also the moment where, face to a modernity coming from outside, which has imposed itself not without arrogance nor aggressiveness, but also with a strong attractive force, especially a cultural one, Vietnamese people were tempted into recapitulating their past, having a new look on the day-to-day life, comparing, confronting, imbuing with different cultures, challenging an order, a hierarchy, and values which have been so far perceived as immovable. After the modernist confucian intellectuals have been put down in 1908, new voices could be heard only with the arrival of new militants on the political front, of a generation of young intellectuals educated in French-Vietnamese schools, or even in metropolitan French universities. So we choose to start our research in 1918 when two set off events took place, the appearance of the first female and feminist magazine, the Female Gender Bell and the feminist Dam Phuong’s beginning of journalistic career. We close our work in 1945 when the August Revolution put an end of a politic and cultural effervescence period with the Vietnamese communist party hegemony on the struggle for independance and the two French and American wars. From 1918 to 1945, our research is favoring female and feminist answers to the modernization of Vietnamese society problem. Its gives an account of women’s (and men’s) will and decision to affirm female presence in public affairs and to express women’s voice beyond the private space they have been traditionally assigned, including their suggestions, and more generally the modernists’ ones to reorganize this private space. Those persons were mostly coming from middle and superior social classes, they were mostly intellectuals educated in French schools. It is concerned by finding out debates – not exclusively female ones – and multiple female identities emerging from complex relationships of questioning or defending traditions, from diverse approaches of modernity inspired by the occidental model. Vietnamese women and men from 1920 to 1945 were trying to promote modernity as well as family and society modernization by efforts invested in college and university studies, in salaried professional work, in socio-cultural activities, in reformist or revolutionary, nationalistic or internationalist militant action. They were therefore participating in custom evolution, in de-building for diversified rebuilding of male-female and interpersonal relationships, relationship between individual and community, especially the familial one. In Part One, as we are determining the context, we are describing and analyzing women’s place and gender problem inside of Vietnamese traditions, which are shown sparkling with multiple faces. The long and rich Vietnamese history has stored diverse contributions to a South-East Asian substratum which has not lost anything of its originality after coming into contact with Chinese and Indian cultures, so brilliant they were. We present afterwards modernization actors and vectors; among them was at the first line public education, but other ferments are identified such as press, the modern literature, women professional occupation, militant activity… In Part Two, basing on printed sources that were artistic production from the period, more particularly literature one, we analyze women representations. Long and short novels testified an exploration of new abilities in married couples, in female virtue, and way of treating each member of the small and large family. They related more and less revolutionary points of view from educated women, their submissive or rebellious behaviours. Poetry uncovered deeper transformations in young people’s sensitivity. This whole modern literature was created by new generations of authors convinced by the cause of europeanization (Âu hoa) – as formulated by the literary group Tu luc (Relying on our own force) – their expedients for promoting new ways of life, new values, or an in-depth renewal of ancestral values. It was both inspired by the current socio-cultural evolution and strongly contributing to this evolution with all the initiators’ multiple talent and reformist enthusiasm. We also relate the stories of militant women’s from different tendencies, of writers, and of some eminent intellectuals’ and revolutionaries’ spouses. The last Part answers more directly the question : in which measure could we talk about Vietnamese feminism(s) emerging before the Revolution of August 1945 ? Our research is uncovering explicitly panoply of emancipating ideas, of innovative practices and questioning their origins. It becomes possible to give an account of an effective Vietnamese feminism’s existence, and to draw up a first recapitulating statement on it. By affirming the Vietnamese women’s and feminists’ effectiveness and dynamism in 1918-1945, we think that we are contributing to re-establish a missing link on the chain of Vietnamese modern and contemporary history, the period from that was perceived as the modernist confucean intellectual movement’s “failure” to the Revolution in August 1945. While being interested by women’s history as a « relational history comparing men’s and women’s situations and roles, examining the two sexes representations » (Françoise Thébaud), we are enlightening other aspects of Vietnamese society and culture in this important phase of mutation. The ideological bases of the Vietnamese modern nation were founded at this moment when different social categories, women as well as men made theirs exogenous values and practices which were then examined, selected, adapted, sometimes rebuild in an harmonization wanted by the majority (we are far from thinking this majority as homogenous and monolithic), an harmonization with traditional cultural values which were also passed through the sieve of critical thinking from modernist intellectuals. While questioning women, we are meeting other Vietnamese forgot, misunderstood, and misinterpreted or unfairly getting marginal people. Those people were nevertheless not only objects (of modern education and socioeconomic changes) but active subjects working for a better human dignity, dignity of women as well as men, of yesterday colonized people who just aspired to become equals, even sisters and brothers

Se trata de un estudio referente a la relación entre asertividad, necesidades cognitivas y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes del VII y VIII ciclo de las Escuelas Académicas Profesionales de Comunicación Social e Ingeniería de Sistemas de la UNMSM, en la que se analiza, como es que el estudiante procesa la información, como es que aprende a aprender, como es que se produce la necesidad de adquirir conocimientos y como es que disfruta adquirir nuevos conocimientos, correlativamente con la situación de las interacciones sociales adecuadas que los futuros profesionales poseen y adquieren en su formación profesional para enfrentar el mundo social y laboral, donde la competencia está presente y donde triunfará el profesional más calificado. A su vez, se estudia la repercusión que estas variables de estudio tienen en el desempeño o rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Basándonos en una muestra conformada por estudiantes (2004) del VII y VIII ciclo con 107 estudiantes de la E.A.P. de Comunicación Social y 156 estudiantes de la E.A.P. de Ingeniería de Sistemas. El tipo de investigación empleado es descriptivo, diseño correlacional, muestra estratificada, probabilística, donde los datos fueron procesados con el paquete estadístico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciencies), realizando un análisis Chi cuadrado, llegando a encontrarse que sí existe correlación entre las variables de estudio, aceptando la hipótesis general planteada. Además se encontró que existen diferencias significativas del rendimiento académico y necesidades cognitivas de la Escuela Académica Profesional de Comunicación Social frente a Ingeniería de Sistemas, ya que los primeros arrojaron puntajes más elevados.
This study is based of the relationship among the assertiveness, the cognitive needs, and the academic performance in students, of the VII and VIII cycle of the Academic Schools of Social Communication and System Engineering at San Marcos University. It has been analyzed how the student processes the data, how he/she learns to learn, how the necessity of acquisition of the new knowledge is produced, as well as, how he/she enjoys acquiring the new knowledge simultaneously with the social relationship that takes place on the future professionals who are carrying out a professional development in order to deal with the social and working world where the competence takes place and just the best qualified and skillful professional will succeed. On the other hand, this research will show the consequences that the variables of study have on the student's academic results. Based on a sample formed by students of the VII and VIII cycle (2004) with 107 students of the Academic Professional School of Social Communication and 156 students of the Academic Professional School of System Engineering. The kind of research developed has been the descriptive one, co relational design, guided sample of probabilistic one. The data was processed by the statistics package of the Social Security Service (SPSS), developing an Chi square tests and getting to know that there is a correlation among the variables of study and the acceptance of the general hypothesis set. Moreover, it was found that there isn't any meaningful difference in the academic performance and the cognitive needs of the Professional Academic School of Social Communication compared with the Professional Academic School of System. Engineering, where the first one got higher marks
Tesis

Le Nord-Vietnam fait l'objet, depuis la fin de la guerre contre la France, d'un regain d'intérêt de la part du nouveau gouvernement. Zone géographique stratégique située aux portes de la Chine, la région est peuplée en majorité de groupes ethniques multiples et variés. En fonction des niches écologiques habitées et des constructions sociales propres à chaque groupe, les systèmes ruraux s'appliquent à gérer un espace dans l'intérêt de la communauté avec une priorité constante : agir afin de sécuriser les différents facteurs permettant la reproduction des groupes concernés. Devant " l'ingérence " gouvernemental qui, dans un élan " civilisateur ", cherche à intégrer ces marges montagneuses à l'ensemble du territoire " un et indivisible " vietnamien, les systèmes ruraux locaux tentent de s'adapter au mieux en absorbant les innovations tout en gardant une certaine cohérence dans les rapports traditionnels. Néanmoins, devant la pression des politiques de sédentarisation, les réformes foncières qui touchent non seulement aux terres agricoles mais aussi aux espaces sylvicoles et l'évolution des contextes socio-politiques, les populations seront-elles capables de supporter tant de changements aussi brutaux que rapides ? Le territoire, base de toute construction identitaire, de tous rapports sociaux, devient un enjeu vital. Les confrontations qui se succèdent depuis 1975 pourraient aboutir à des situations critiques, voire à des contestations musclées qui mettraient en péril la stabilité de la région et du pays
Northern Vietnam, since the end of the war against France, catches the interest on behalf of the new government. Strategic geographical area located at the doors of China, Northern Vietnam is composed of a multi-kind of varied ethnic groups. According to the inhabited ecological niches and each group's specific social constructions, the rural systems try to manage a space in the interest of community with a constant priority : to act in order to secure the various factors allowing the reproduction of the groups concerned. In front of governmental "interference" which, in a "civilizing" dash, seeks to integrate these mountainous margins into "one and indivisible" territory, the local rural systems try to adapt itself as well as possible by absorbing innovations and keeping a certain coherence in traditional relations. Nevertheless, in front of the pressure of the settlement policies, the land reforms (concerning the arable lands and also forestry areas) and the evolution of the socio-polic context, the capability of population to absorb such important and rapid changes is questionned. The territory, base of any identity construction and social relations, becomes a vital issue. The constant onfrontations since 1975 could lead to critical situations, leading to strong disputes which could put in danger the stability of the area and the country

Schwerpunktthemen des Symposiums 2015 waren: aktuelle Analyseergebnisse der Flächennutzungsentwicklung, Bodenschutz und -informationen, kleinräumige Datenangebote, Visualisierungsmethoden, innovatives Flächenmanagement, Erfassung und Monitoring von Innenentwicklungspotenzialen, fernerkundliche Erhebungsprogramme und Datenangebote, Indikatoren zur Beschreibung von Zersiedelung und Ökosystemdienstleistungen sowie Prognosen und Szenarien der Flächenbedarfsentwicklung. Auf dem Symposium wurden wieder aktuelle Entwicklungen und Ergebnisse des Monitors der Siedlungs- und Freiraumentwicklung (www.ioer-monitor.de) vorgestellt. Diese kostenfreie dauerhafte wissenschaftliche Dienstleistung des Leibniz-Instituts für ökologische Raumentwicklung ermöglicht die Anzeige, den Vergleich und die statistische Analyse von über 60 Indikatoren auf verschiedenen räumlichen Ebenen vom Bundesland bis zur Gemeinde sowie detaillierte Beschreibungen durch Rasterkarten. Im vorliegenden Band sind nahezu alle Beiträge der 7. Auflage dieser Veranstaltungsreihe enthalten, die vom 6. bis 7. Mai 2015 stattfand. [... aus dem Vorwort]

Cette thèse a pour finalités les relations entretenues entre une société paysanne et un milieu agro-écologique forestier au Nord-Vietnam. La première partie s'attache à une présentation analytique des paysages du massif du Tam Dao, de leur évolution à travers tout le XXe siècle et de leur dialogue avec une population qui n'a cessé de s'accroître. Les relations changeantes entre l'Etat et la paysannerie font l'objet de la deuxième partie. La troisième partie analyse le cadre législatif de la décollectivisation.

Ma recherche porte sur les formes architecturales et urbaines du logement à Hanoi et questionne le rapport entre leur production et leur réception par la population. En décrivant les modes de production et de réception des formes spatiales du logement, il s'agit de mettre à jour certaines porosités entre ces deux processus a priori distincts. Les formes bâties sont toujours questionnées dans un rapport dialectique, entre les formes planifiées et les formes issues des pratiques habitantes et entre la production et la réception du logement, dans un aller-retour entre l'échelle de l'édifice et l'échelle de la ville. Ce travail est organisé en deux parties. La première est consacrée à la compréhension des logiques de production et de planification de l'espace architectural et urbain. Il s'agit ainsi d'une analyse des projets de ville (Plan d'alignement – 1890, plan directeur – 1924, plan d'aménagement et d'extension – 1942, plan général – 1960, 1981, schéma directeur – 1992, 1998) et, dans une vision chronologique, de pointer l'apparition des différents types d'habitat. La seconde partie analyse la réception des formes d'habitat que sont les maisons villageoises, les compartiments, les villas, les villas-compartiments et les appartements. Ce travail démontre le rôle structurel des modifications apportées par les habitants dans la fabrication et la transformation de l'habitat et de la ville. Par leurs modes de vie et les appropriations de l'habitat et de l'espace urbain, les habitants participent autant à les moderniser qu'à entretenir une perméabilité entre les sphères urbaine et rurale. Finalement, cette recherche s'emploie à démontrer comment les habitants, en intervenant sur leur logement et en l'adaptant à leurs besoins à partir de cette unité de base, se sont invités dans la fabrication de la ville elle-même, à l'instar de la planification élaborée sous l'égide des autorités compétentes
My research questions the architectural and urban forms of the dwelling in Hanoi in the relationship between their production and their reception by the population. By describing the modes of production and reception of the spatial forms of the dwelling, it is a question of showing certain permeabilities between these two a priori different processes. The built forms are always questioned in a dialectical relationship between those planned and those existing because of inhabitant's practices, between the production and the reception, in a continual comparative between the scale of the building and the scale of the city. This work is organized in two parts. The first one is dedicated to the understanding of the logics of production and planning of the architectural and urban space. It is an analysis of the city projects (Plan d'alignement - on 1890, plan directeur - on 1924, plan d'aménagement et d'extension - on 1942, general plan - on 1960, 1981, master plan - on 1992, 1998); and in a chronological vision, to emphasize the appearance of the various types of housing. The second part analyzes the reception of the forms of housing that are the rustic houses, the shop-houses, the villas, the villas/shop-houses and the apartments. With this work, I show the structural role of the modifications brought by the inhabitants in the manufacturing and the transformation of the housing environment and the city. By their lifestyles and the appropriations of the housing environment and the urban space, they participate as much in modernization of those as to maintain permeability between the urban and rural spheres. Finally, this research was used to show how the inhabitants, by transforming their housing and by adapting it to their needs from this basic unit, invited themselves in the construction of the city, following the planning elaborated under the proper authorities

Kunskapssamhället är här vilket innebär att den dominerande resursen i allt fler företag är personalen. Hushållning med mänskliga resurser har blivit en central frågeställning. Modeller har utvecklats för att lyfta fram det mänskliga kapital et och syliggöra satsningar på personalen. En ny trend är att allt fler företag börjat mäta sitt humankapital. Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera i vilket syfte företag utför humankapitalmätningar. Vi har även för avsikt att generera idéer för att skapa bättre förutsättningar och möjligheter att bedriva effektivt arbete med humankapitalmätningar. Primärdata har samlats in genom intervjuer på tre företag. Sekundärdata har utgjorts av väletablerad litteratur inom vårt ämnes- och vetenskapsområde, det vill säga böcker, facklitteratur och informationsmaterial. Det finns två syften med humankapitalmätningar. Det primära syftet är utifrån ett ledningsperspektiv där mätningarna skall leda till kostnadsbesparingar, effektivare användning av företagets resurser samt ökad produktivitet. Det sekundära är att skapa bättre arbetsmiljö för de anställda. För ett effektivt arbete måste ett större fokus läggas på arbete med åtgärder, ledarskapet och delaktighet bland de anställda.

Factor VIII is a complex of two proteins, the von Willebrand factor (or factor VIII related antigen) and the procoagulant protein. Both are essential for normal haemostasis. Problems exist in the purification of factor VIII as it is present in only low concentrations in plasma, and its procoagulant activity is unstable. As a result, therapeutic factor VIII concentrates prepared by the Blood Transfusion Service (for the treatment of heamophilia and von Willebrand's disease) are relatively impure, and the yield from existing purification processes is low. The studies presented in this thesis are aimed towards increasing the quality and yield of therapeutic concentrates. Attention has been focussed on improving methods for the purification and assay of factor VIII. Novel affinity purifications reagents for factor VIII have been studied, and methods for removing the major impurity (fibrinogen) from conventional factor VIII concentrates have been investigated. The factor VIII related antigen (FVIIIR:Ag) and the procoagulant antigen (FVIII:CAg) have been purified, and used as immunogens for the production of specific antibodies. A large volume of polyclonal antibody to FVIIIR:Ag has been produced in sheep. This was subsequently used to develop an immunopurification method for FVIII:CAg. Immunisation of mice with purified FVIII:CAg gave a valuable panel of ten monoclonal antibodies to procoagulant factor VIII. These have important applications in the assay, purification and biochemical study of this protein. Sensitive radiometric assays for FVIIIR:Ag and FVIII:CAg have been established. This work involved the development of methods for the preparation of ¹²⁵I-FVIIIR:Ag, and for the purification and labelling of human anti-FVIII:CAg Fab' fragments from inhibitor plasma. An artificial factor VIII-deficient substrate has been prepared on a large scale for the one-stage bioassay of procoagulant activity (FVIII:C).

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, soveltuuko hyytymistekijä VIII kromogeeninen substraattimenetelmä kliiniseen laboratoriokäyttöön ja mikä on viiteväli hyytymistekijä VIII kromogeenisssa substraattimenetelmässä. Tavoitteena tässä tutkimuksessa on löytää laboratoriomenetelmä, joka mittaa luotettavasti A-hemofiliapotilaiden hoidon tasoa niillä potilailla, jotka käyttävät rekombinanttivalmisteita. Tutkimusmenetelmän soveltuvuutta arvioitiin käyttämällä kansainvälistä referenssiä, kaupallisia vakioita ja kontrolleja, potilasnäytteitä (32 kpl) ja verenluovuttajanäyteaineistoa (147kpl). Tutkimus suoritettiin kokeellisesti ja tulokset analysoitiin tilastollisin menetelmin. Hyytymistekijä VIII aktiivisuuden määrittäminen toteutuu luotettavasti kromogeenisella substraattimenetelmällä. Mittausalue on 1,0–160 % ja määritysraja 1 %. Lineaarisuuden korrelaatiokerroin on normaalikuvaajan alueella 0,997 ja matalan kuvaajan alueella 0,998. Tarkkuus (saanto) on normaalialueella 103 % ja 107 % matalalla alueella. Sisäinen toistotarkkuus 50 % F VIII aktiivisuusalueella on 3,4 %, 5 % alueella 3,1 % ja sarjojen väliseksi toistotarkkuudeksi 50 %:n aktiivisuusalueella saatiin 5,6 % ja matalalla, noin 5% aktiivisuusalueella 10,9 %. Mittausepävarmuudeksi määritettiin 15 %. Viiteväliksi saatiin kaikki veriryhmät huomioiden 60–188 %. Kromogeeninen substraattimenetelmä mittaa tarkasti ja toistettavasti hyytymistekijä VIII aktiivisuutta plasmanäytteestä. Erityisen käyttökelpoinen menetelmä on mitattaessa A-hemofiliapotilaiden korvaushoitotasoa niiden potilaiden kohdalla, joiden profylaksia on B-domeeniton ReFacto-rekombinanttivalmiste. Jatkotutkimushankkeena kannattaisi vertailla kromogeenista substraattimenetelmää ja sellaista yksivaiheista one stage -menetelmää, jossa käytettäisiin uusia ja puhtaammin eroteltuja fosfolipidivalmisteita, jotka paremmin muistuttavat trombosyytin faktori III:n biologista rakennetta ja toimintaa
The aim of the research was to find out if the coagulation factor VIII chromogenic sub-strate method is suitable for clinical laboratory use and determine the reference interval of this method. The goal of this research was to find a laboratory method that reliably measures the treatment level of those haemophilia A patients that use recombinant products. The suitability of the method of research was evaluated by using international refer-ences, commercial standards and controls, patient samples (32 pcs) as well as blood donor material (147 pcs). The research was conducted through tests and its results were analysed using statistical methods. The activity of coagulation factor VIII is determined reliably by using a chromogenic substrate method. The measurement range is 1.0–160% and the detection limit is 1 %. The linearity’s correlation coefficient is 0.997 based on a normal standard curve range and 0.998 based on a low standard curve range. The precision rate in a normal range is 103 % and 107% in a low range. The intra reproducibility in a 50% F VIII activity range is 3.4% and 3.1% in a 5% range. The reproducibility in 50% F VIII activity between series was 5.6% and in a low activity range of around 5% it was 10.9%. The measurement uncertainty was determined at 15%. The reference interval, taking into account all blood groups, was determined between 60% and 188%. The chromogenic substrate method measures accurately and repeatedly the activity of coagulation factor VIII from plasma samples. The method is especially suitable for measuring the replacement therapy of those haemophilia A patients, whose prophylaxis is a B-domain deleted ReFacto recombinant product. For further research it would be useful to compare the chromogenic substrate method to a one stage method, which would use new and purer separated phospholipid reagents that would better resemble platelet factor III’s biological structure and function

Oportunidades. La igualdad es un asunto de oportunidades. Para progresar en la vida, mujeres y hombres necesitamos adquirir conocimientos, destrezas y habilidades. Es decir, contar con doce años de escolarización y, en lo posible, con alguna clasificación para el trabajo, oficio técnico o profesión. Es nuestro derecho, pues sólo la educación ofrece un camino seguro hacia el empleo, mejores ingresos y mayor bienestar. La sociedad tiene el deber de garantizar este derecho, asegurando a todos sus hijos una educación de calidad, que los prepare para seguir aprendiendo a lo largo de la vida. Desigualdades. Sociedades desiguales, como la nuestra, tienen dificultades para cumplir adecuadamente con su deber educacional. O bien excluyen a grupos de niños y jóvenes de la escuela, cosa que en Chile ya casi no sucede, o bien son incapaces de ofrecer a todos ellos una educación de similar calidad. Este último problema aqueja a nuestra sociedad. Hay diferentes canales educacionales y establecimientos escolares para niños, jóvenes y adultos que provienen de diferentes grupos sociales. Los hijos privilegiados tienen una formación privilegiada; los demás, educaciones de menor calidad. Perspectivas. Para avanzar necesitamos ahora que las oportunidades para acceder al conocimiento, cultivar nuestro talentos y adquirir destrezas necesarias para la vida se emparejen hacia arriba para todos. Esto supone gastar más en la educación de los que tienen menos; mejorar las capacidades de los establecimientos que atienden a los alumnos de los hogares y comunas de menores ingresos, y multiplicar las posibilidades para que estas familias puedan enviar a sus hijos más pequeños a jardines infantiles de calidad. Además, es imprescindible fortalecer la formación técnica; incrementar el número de becas para completar estudios secundarios y continuarlos en el nivel superior, y comprometer a municipios, empresas y comunidades locales en esta gran tarea. Sólo así llegaremos a ser una sociedad justa. Las estadísticas que a continuación se presentan, reflejan lo expresado anteriormente a nivel mundial y nacional.

Le facteur VIIa de la cascade de la coagulation est une cible intéressante pour le développement de médicaments antithrombotiques actifs par voie orale. L'inhibition de cette protéase à sérine, travaillée par les industries pharmaceutiques depuis la fin des années 1990, a conduit à la publication d'un nombre important de brevets. Dans ce manuscrit, nous décrivons la préparation de plusieurs séries de composés, inhibiteurs du facteur VIIa, structurés autour de motifs hétérocycliques comme la benzothiazépinone, la pyridinone ou la pyrrolopyrazinone. Ils permettent de répartir les groupements P1 (une benzamidine, le plus souvent), P2 et P3. Tous les composés ont été testés in vitro par des mesures d'IC50. Les différentes options de modification ont été choisies en fonction d'études de modélisation moléculaire, réalisées à partir de fichiers disponibles dans la PDB, qui nous ont permis de corréler l'activité de nos composés avec leur structure. L'utilisation des motifs benzothiazépinone et pyridinone a conduit à la synthèse de plusieurs composés actifs au mM (Le meilleur composé possède une IC50 = 1,32 mM contre le facteur VIIa).