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Academic literature on the topic 'Vignobles – Maladies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vignobles – Maladies"
Delval, Louis, François Jonard, and Mathieu Javaux. "Conséquences de la saison 2021 sur le rendement quantitatif en viticulture wallonne." IVES Technical Reviews, vine and wine, May 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ives-tr.2022.5539.
Full textLorusso, Daniele. "Culture de la vigne, production et commerce du vin de Valteline (XIXe-XXe siècles)." Territoires du vin d’Italie, no. 6 (September 1, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.58335/territoiresduvin.804.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Vignobles – Maladies"
Le, Maguet Jean. "Epidémiologie de l'enroulement viral de la vigne dans les vignobles français septentrionaux et transmission par cochenilles vectrices." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768382.
Full textAmarouchi, Zakaria. "Impact du réchauffement climatique sur l’interaction vigne/micro-organismes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REIMS055.
Full textThe gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea has a devastating impact on various economically important crops, including grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), with annual economic losses exceeding10 to 100 billion dollars worldwide. Currently, pesticides remain the main method used to reduce the incidence of this phytopathogenic fungus. However, in addition to emergence of multidrug resistance, chemicals must be increasingly restricted in order to limit their impact on the environment and human health. Thus, in recent years, biological protection is gaining renewed interest. Therefore, the aim of our project is the development of new biotechnologies allowing the grapevine to better resist pathogenic pressures, through the use of beneficial microorganisms. The rhizosphere is a rich source of microorganisms with strong abilities in the biocontrol of plant diseases. In the present study, isolation of plant beneficial microorganisms was carried out on healthy plants. A total of 42 micro-organisms were isolated from different rhizospheric semi-arid soils collected in vineyards of Meknes in Morocco (Latitude 33.75989, Longitude -5.43909). The in vitro antagonism test of the various isolates towards B. cinerea evealed that among all the isolates tested the strains S3, S4, S5 and S6 showed a positive result. These isolates inhibit the growth of B. cinerea. The four strains were identified by the study of biochemical characters and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results of the analyzes showed that the bacterial strains retained were related to the following species, of the Bacillus genus: S3: B. velezensis; S4: B. velezensis; and S5: B. halotollerans. Isolate S6 was classified in the genus Enterobacter and identified as E. cloacae. The antagonism test carried out in planta on vine vitroplants indicates that the four rhizobacteria reduce significantly (59%, 39%, 55%, and 17%, respectively), the symptoms of the disease and reduce damage to photosynthetic activity (PSII) due to attack by B. cinerea. This study revealed that strains of the genus Bacillus and Enterobacter isolated from the rhizosphere of the vine could be used as biological control agents in the protection of the vine
Lefévre, Soizic. "Caractérisation de la qualité des raisins par imagerie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS017.
Full textIdentifying the health conditions of the grapes at harvest time is a major issue in order to produce quality wines. To meet this issue, data are acquired by spectrometry, hyperspectral imaging and RGB imaging on grape samples during harvest.Several pre-treatments adapted to each type of data are applied such as normalization, reduction, extraction of characteristic vectors, and segmentation of useful areas. From an imaging point of view, the reconstruction in false colors of hyperspectral images, far from reality, doesn’t allow to label all the intra-class diversity. On the other hand, the visual quality of RGB imaging enables accurate class labelling. From this labelling, classifiers such as support vector machines, random forests, maximum likelihood estimation, spectral mapping, k-means are tested and trained on labelled bases. Depending on the nature of the data, the most effective is applied to whole images of grape clusters or crates of grapes of several grape varieties from different parcels.The quality indices obtained from RGB image processing are very close to the estimates made by experts in the field
Magnin-Robert, Maryline. "Protection de la vigne contre Botrytis cinerea et stimulation des mécanismes de défense à l’aide de bactéries issues du vignoble champenois." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000725.pdf.
Full textThe development of new alternatives to chemicals against Botrytis cinerea in grapevine, especially by using bacteria originated from Champagne vineyard is the objective of this thesis. These bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere and from different healthy grapevine organs, are two Acinetobacter lwoffii PTA-113 and PTA-152, a Bacillus subtilis PTA-271, two Pantoea agglomerans PTA-AF1 and PTA-AF2 and two Pseudomonas fluorescens PTA-268 and PTA-CT2. Experiments performed mainly in vineyard demonstrated that these bacteria applied individually or in combination are able to induce defence reactions in grapevine as evidenced by a stimulation of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities in leaves and berries. The intensity of these defence reactions is dependent on bacterial strain, combination of bacteria and their application method. They are associated to an induced protection of both organs against Botrytis cinerea. The most active strains are A. Lwoffi, P. Fluorescens and P. Agglomerans PTA-AF1 in leaves and P. Agglomerans PTA-AF1 and PTA-AF2 in berries. The combination of two P. Agglomerans (AF1+AF2) or P. Agglomerans with B. Subtilis or with A. Lwoffi also lead to a significant protection against B. Cinerea, which is not higher than that obtained with individual bacteria
Martinez, Fabian. "Etude de la structure génétique et des aptitudes biologiques des populations de Botrytis Cinerea Pers. Dans le vignoble bordelais." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28998.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the various subpopulations of B. Cinerea, fungus responsible for the gray mold of the vine, from a molecular and biological point of view, in order to understand the epidemic development of the disease which is currently often badly controlled. The distribution of two subpopulations (vacuma and transposa) found in sympatry in the vineyard was shown very dependent of the phenological stage as well as of the grapevine organ considered. The analyses of diversity obtained by AFLP show a narrow relationship between these two subpopulations. Nevertheless, their biological study made it possible to highlight biological requirements and different parasitic potentialities. The vacuma subpopulation would be adapted to saprophytism whereas the transposa subpopulation would have a more pathogenic behavior
Haidar, Rana. "Caractérisation, criblage et mise en oeuvre de souches bactériennes issues du vignoble bordelais pour la lutte biologique contre les champignons impliqués dans la Pourriture grise et l'Esca de la vigne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0155/document.
Full textBiological control of gray mold and grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), which are major fungal diseases of grapevine, has a considerable potential development in the current context of reduction of chemical input in viticulture.The aim of this study was to select and study bacterial strains for antagonism against Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold, and two key pathogens involved in GTDs: Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Neofusicoccum parvum. The main screening experiments for antagonistic activity of 46 bacterial strains, isolated from Bordeaux vineyards, have been carried out under different in vivo and in planta conditions. The efficacy of protection by the antagonistic strains significantly depended on the bacterial strain, the targeted pathogen species, the host plant tissue or organ and, for N. parvum, also on the application mode of the bacterial strain and, for B. cinerea, on the transposon genotype: transposa or vacuma.A significant reduction in length of necrosis due to P. chlamydospora and/or N. parvum, ranging between 40 and 64% in non-grafted vine cuttings, resulted from three bacterial strains: Pantoea agglomerans (S1), Paenibacillus sp. (S19) and Bacillus pumilus (S32). These strains were thoroughly further investigated to determine their major modes of action by i) Antibiosis ii) production of antifungal volatile organic compounds, which have been identified, and/or iii) induction of different grapevine defense genes. Concerning B. cinerea, Enterobacter cowanii (S22), Enterobacter sp. (S23) Bacillus ginsengihumi (S38), Bacillus sp. (S43, S46) were of prime importance in the biocontrol by producing anti-Botrytis volatile and diffusible compounds or by competing for nutrients (case of E. cowanii S22)
Anatole-Monnier, Laetitia. "Effets de la contamination cuprique des sols viticoles sur la sensibilité de la vigne à un cortège de bio-agresseurs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0378/document.
Full textFollowing the ‘Grenelle of the environment’ conference, one of the current critical issues in agriculture is reducing the side effects of pesticides on the environment. Prolonged use of copper as a fungicide has led to copper accumulation in vineyard soils. Copper can induce aphytotoxicity. Its accumulation in plants may modify the morphology, biochemistry orphysiology of plant organs and may disturb the plant-pest interactions. The effects of coppercontamination of vineyard soils on the vine sensitivity to the pests received until now a verylimited attention. The present work investigates such effects.To carry out this work, we measured the levels of total and available copper in vineyard soils.We contaminated three grapevine cultivars with copper and measured the copper distributionand its effects on plant. Then, we evaluated the impact induced on three pests of the vine. Ourresults show that the available copper content in the soil is related to the total copper content(which results from the history of the plot), but also to total carbon and fine soil particlescontents. The copper absorption and the copper transferred to the aerial parts of the vine varyaccording to the cultivar. When copper contamination increases, the vine-pests interactionsare modified: a negative effects appears for Scaphoideus titanus and Plasmopara viticola,while important copper contaminations appears to promote the development ofNeofusicoccum parvum.These results underscore the need for a more integrated system approach, and to intensifyinteractions between agronomy and evolutionary ecology research
Bellee, Anthony. "Approches multidisciplinaires sur le mode d’action, l’efficacité et l’élaboration de stratégies d’utilisation d’actifs biologiques contre divers bioagresseurs de Vitis vinifera." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0201.
Full textGrapevine is a perennial crop sensitive to many fungal pathogens that require numerous pesticide treatments. However, its uses lead to environmental, human health and fungicide resistance problems. Developing sustainable pest management strategies while keeping a good wine quality is of major importance. In this sense, the use of bio-pesticides products seems to be a promising approach to combine sustainable and intensive agriculture.Two generalist bio-pesticides of great potential have been preliminary identified, forits actions on major fungal diseases of grapevine. The first one is a natural plant extract, with no direct fungicide action but able to systemically stimulate plant defenses. The second one is a microorganism showing strong antagonist fungicide actions, and important ability to stimulate plant defenses. First, the studies conducted in controlled conditions have demonstrated the effectiveness of both products in the suppression of various isolates of Erysiphe necator, Plasmopara viticola, Botrytis cinerea and Botryosphaeriaceae. In parallel,the good efficiencies of these products have been confirmed during vineyard assays. This was especially well demonstrated for the natural extract. As a whole, these studies confirm thepotential of these two products as promising bio-pesticides, of which the strategy of application have been further defined