Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vigne – Effets des hautes températures'
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Prévot, Cécile. "Rôle du facteur de transcription VvCRF4 dans la thermotolérance de la vigne : caractérisation et réponse au stress thermique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0412.
Full textIn the context of climate change, understanding the mechanisms by which vines adapt to the increasing frequency of heat waves is crucial for maintaining vine growth. Identifying key genes involved in the heat stress response is of paramount importance to promote grapevine adaptation and maintain grape quality. Such genes can also be used as molecular markers for breeding heat-tolerant varieties. Among these genes, transcription factors play a pivotal role in the regulation of heat stress responses, despite their incomplete characterization. The present thesis focuses on the involvement of VvCRF4, a transcription factor belonging to the AP2-ERF family, which is induced by high temperatures and plays a key role in grapevine thermotolerance. Using a transgenic approach in microvines, we demonstrated that VvCRF4 overexpression significantly improves thermotolerance. In addition, a combination of transcriptomic, cistromic and metabolomic approaches enabled the identification of genes and metabolic pathways associated with VvCRF4 activation under high temperatures. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying grapevine's response to heat stress, and open up new prospects for developing more resilient grapevine varieties to face the challenges raised by climate change
Terki, Rachida. "Simulation du comportement des barrières thermiques déposées par projection thermique." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2015.
Full textFor the application as a thermal barrier coating (TBC), the partially stabilized zirconia approaches some limits of performance which hardly can be overcome in the near future. Considerable effort is being invested, therefore, in identifying new materials with better performance than the current industry standard. Intuitive arguments based on crystallography and simulation may lead most rapidly to the development of new TBC materials. In this work, we have studied the physical properties of some ceramics that can be used in TBC system, such as : perovskite and pyrochlore compounds, zirconia and hafnia as well as zircon. The full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method is used to investigated the structural and electronic properties, giving more insight on the mechanical behaviour of these materials. The quasi-harmonic Debye model is applied to determine the thermal properties such as temperature dependence of bulk modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, specific heats at constant volume and pressure. Our results show mainly that lanthanum pyrohafnate is the best candidate for application as TBC
Panicaud, Benoît. "Contraintes "de croissance" et cinétiques d'oxydation dans des couches d'oxydes thermiques de fer et de nickel : étude in-situ par diffraction des rayons X et modélisation." La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS121.
Full textA metal oxidation leads to a specific strain link to the oxide growth. This growth strain is supposed to be proportional to the oxide layer thickness. We study the " growth " stresses in some metals : nickel, untreated iron and phosphated iron. The first two materials oxidation is parabolic. On the other hand, the phosphated iron oxidation shows several features : phases inversion in the oxide layer, kinetic transition. Complementary analyses led by X – Rays Diffraction showed that the layer of phosphate seemed to play the role of a diffusion barrier. The stability of the phosphate layer during the oxidation and the oxide layers morphology confirmed that the kinetic accident has a mechanical origin. The measure of the stresses in the oxides has been achieved by XRD, with Synchrotron Radiation. In the first time, the stresses modelling in thermal oxides on metals allowed us to reproduce experimental results. Finally, we develop an identification method of the system parameters
Desserrey, Franck. "Comportement mécano-chimique du nickel vis à vis de l'oxygène à haute température : aspects expérimentaux et prévisionnels." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS057.
Full textTalby, Riad. "Mesure des fluctuations de température avec des thermocouples fins, par référence à un fil "froid"." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22011.
Full textRoyer, Laurent. "Élaboration et caractérisation d’alliages base chrome pour applications à très haute température." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10016/document.
Full textIn the glass making industry, for glass wool insulation production, cobalt or nickel based alloys are used. They operate at high temperature (HT) under specific conditions resulting from glass melts contact and burner proximity. When the T exceeds 1200°C, the properties of these alloys are lost. Increasing T can only be obtained by changing the alloys’ based material. In this frame, choosing chromium alloys is relevant because of the properties its oxide Cr2O3 confers. However, due to its high brittleness at low T and its ductility at HT, Cr has to be alloyed with other elements. In this work, the oxidation behavior of Cr at 1300°C was studied. Then 3 different systems were characterized. Towards the oxidation behavior only one is compatible with a HT environment. Its characterization then its optimization as well as the study of the phenomena met at HT (oxidation, corrosion, ageing, …) were then begun
Carlier, Thibault. "Couches minces vitreuses autocicatrisantes pour applications hautes températures." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10072/document.
Full textGlassy thin films are promising candidates as protective coating for high temperature applications. However, due to thermal and/or mechanical stresses under operating conditions, these materials may crack. Previous studies have shown that self-healing glasses in bulk form can be prepared by incorporating active particles. These latter, when damages occur in the material, oxidize at high temperature to form oxides that flow into the crack and form a “new” glass by reaction with surrounding matrix.Based on these results, our work aimed at transposing this concept to glass materials deposited as thin layers, and so to envisage coating applications. We have shown the feasibility of forming these innovative coatings composed of alternating vitreous and healing agent layers. They have been prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) and Electron Beam-Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD). A first part of our work was devoted to the optimization of the deposition parameters and their influence on homogeneity, thickness and composition of thin films. The efficiency of the self-healing process of these composite materials was demonstrated in situ at 700°C by High Temperature Environmental Scanning Electronic Microscopy (HT-ESEM). Finally, we studied the behavior of these coatings when they were submitted to thermal cycles as well as the structural changes generated by their crystallization
Willaime, François. "Dynamique de la transition α/β et de la diffusion dans le zirconium : modelisation par un potentiel de liaisons fortes." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112185.
Full textMillet, Patrice. "Supraconducteurs à haute température critique (Familles 1 2 3 et 2 2 1 2) : influence de la substitution de terres rares : synthèses, structures (R.X), microstructures (M.E.) et propriétés physiques." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30012.
Full textPlain, Jérôme. "Effets de la microstructure sur l'ancrage des vortex dans le composite texturé YBa2Cu3O7-x." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2305.
Full textThe effects of microstructure on vortex pinning have been studied in the melt textured YBCO composite. TEM has been used in order to characterize the microstructural changes after postprocessing treatments. The different contributions to the critical current density have been separated and associated to a particular type of defect. In-plane dislocations have been found to contribute to weak pinning when the magnetic field is applied parallel to the c-axis. Y2BaCuO5 precipitates, twin boundaries and neutron irradiation induced defect cascades were found to contribute to strong pinning. Finally, the effects of adding Y2BaCuO5 and Ag2O inclusions on the microstructure features and critical current have been studied. In these two cases, an augmentation of the density of extended defects in the YBCO matrix was observed. These two types of materials allowed to quantify the effect of microcracks on the critical currents and to confirm the relevance of the model based on the partition of defect contributions
Cabouro, Gwenaël. "Compréhension du rôle de la microstructure d’un composé intermétallique sur les propriétés de résistance en corrosion : application au système Mo/Si." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS081.
Full textCourtial, Yannick. "Etude du comportement mécanique à haute température de cermets WC-Co : Effets de la microstructure." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0071.
Full textCharacterization of mechanical properties of WC-(17,5-25 %) Co cemented carbide at high temperatures (600-1000°C) and particularly of their resistance to crack propagation cannot be done by using the laws of behaviour of fragile materials (elastic range) and on the basis of the only criterion of KIc overload breakage. At this level of temperature, the behaviour of these materials is indeed of elastoplastic type. We have therefore used the notion of R CURVE : curve of resistance to crack propagation. We have thus access to the values of stable growth start of crack, of propagation and to the differentiation of elastic and plastic phenomena. Comparison of the different methods (RICE,GARWOOD and SAKAI) which allow to obtain R curves led us to the following conclusions: the RICE method is the most suitable for WC-Co cermets; KIc RICE corresponds to the start of stable growth of cracks;definition of a criterion as a criterion of overload breakage at hight temperature. We have developed at the same time a DOUBLE TORSION device and have applied this measure to the case of cermets. It has been possible to observe a slow growth of under-critical defects at 600°C. The objective of all these measurements is to observe the influence of MICROSTRUCTURE and COBALT CONTENT on the high temperature mechanical properties of cermets developed by the CERAMETAL (Lux) company
Moussa, Marwen. "Compréhension des mécanismes de l'inactivation cellulaire par les hautes pressions hydrostatiques et les basses températures." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS004.
Full textThe aim of this work was to understand the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and low temperature on different cell models: bacteria, yeast, leukemia cells, spheroplasts, lipid vesicles. The viability of cells subjected to cold stress was first assessed, through long-term supercooling experiments (up to 71 days), versus freeze-thawing stress. Results showed that cells could be inactivated by the only action of sub-zero temperature, that is, without any water crystallization. The effects of HHP at room temperature were then studied as a function of cell hydration. We highlighted the crucial role of water in determining cellular damage under pressure. The combined effects of HHP and low temperature on cells were studied. Results showed a synergistic interaction between cold and HHP in their effects on microbial inactivation at pressures in the range of 100 to 300 MPa with an aw of 0. 992. However, at pressures greater than 300 MPa, this trend was reversed, and cold counteracted the inactivation effect of pressure. When the amount of water in the cell suspension was increased, the synergistic effect was enhanced. Conversely, when the aw was decreased by the addition of solute to the cell suspension, the baroprotective effect of subzero temperature increased sharply. These results support the argument that water compression is involved in the mechanisms of HHP inactivation of cells. From a thermodynamic point of view, the mechanical energy transferred to the cell during the pressure treatment can be characterized by the change in volume of the system, which depends on the water quantity in the cytoplasm. The consequences of cell volume compression at the cellular level were characterized through the assessment of metabolic activity, the study of cell membrane structure and integrity and the visualization of cell shape and ultrastructure
Touratier, Fabienne. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation et d'endommagement du superalliage à base de nickel MC2 en fluage aux très hautes températures." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/8371/1/touratier_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Full textBlanco, Éric. "Température et émissivité des matériaux sous choc : étude expérimentale par pyrométrie optique à travers un matériau fenêtre." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100203.
Full textThe temperature is an important parameter to determine the equation of state of shock loaded materials. Indeed, to solve the hydrodynamics equations system (where this parameter does not appear explicitly), it is necessary ti use a complete equation of state connecting thermodynamics parameters : pressure, density, specific internal energy and temperature. In order to determine temperature along the isentropic release of studied material, a window material in lithium fluoride is used. Three different samples (bismuth, copper and tin) have been studied in a shock pressure range between 10 GPa and 100 GPa. We have designed and built a multispectral pyrometer having 8 measurement channels and operating in in a specral range between 0. 4 µm and 3. 5 µm. The pyrometer spectral range allows to uncouple the usually associated problems of studied material temperature and emissivity. The short wavelength measurement (visible range) allows to determine the true temperature of shocked material. Dynamic emissivity variation versus the wavelength is obtained in the infrared range and allows us to know the state changes undergo by the shocked material. The experimental results have allowed us to point out : - a temperature and emissivity increasing versus the shock pressure, - a state change (solid-liquid) for bismuth at shock pressure of 32 GPa
Iosif, Vadim. "Conception et mise au point des bobines inorganiques pour des actionneurs électriques capables de travailler aux températures extrêmes." Thesis, Artois, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ARTO0205/document.
Full textThe weak point of electrical machines is the Electrical Insulation System (EIS) of their windings. The best current solutions are based on polymers, they provide lifetimes over 20000h when the temperature at the hottest point of the windings does not exceed 240° C. Consequently, the organic nature of the electric machines EIS represents a technological lock for operating at higher temperatures that have many applications in aeronautics, for designing larger electric generators located near the propulsion turbines of airplanes for instance. The main goal of the research works presented consist in studying the possibility of building the windings of high-temperature electrical machines (HT°) with inorganic EIS which make it possible to work durably at 500°C. The consequences of this technological leap towards high temperatures are analyzed in detail. A large part is devoted to magnetic aspects caused by the presence of a diffusion barrier made of nickel added to the copper wire to avoid oxidation at high temperatures.The first part of the thesis is devoted to the development of a fully inorganic electrical isolation system, which allows to overcome the technological lock due to the presence of polymers in conventional solutions. The second part is devoted to the study of the voltage distribution between the turns of the HT° coil when the machine is powered by a modern electronic converter od aeronautics that imposes very steep voltage fronts
Peraldi, Raphaëlle. "Relations entre cinétiques de croissance des couches d'oxyde et leurs microstructures lors de l'oxydation à haute température du nickel de haute pureté." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7247/1/peraldi1.pdf.
Full textPierrot, André. "Contribution a l'étude des transferts de chaleur à haute température dans les milieux alvéolaires." Perpignan, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PERP0032.
Full textTantot, Olivier. "Caractérisation hyperfréquence de matériaux diélectriques aux hautes températures par la méthode du guide rayonnant terminé par un iris épais." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0017.
Full textChateau, Emmanuel. "Comportement et endommagement en fluage à haute température du superalliage forgé à base de nickel Udimet 720." Paris, ENMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0912.
Full textRousseau, Benoit. "Origines des propriétés thermoradiatives d'oxydes noirs : optimisation d'un émetteur infrarouge." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2079.
Full textMnif, Hassène. "Contribution à la modélisation des transistors bipolaires à hétérojonction Si/SiGe en température." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12786.
Full textThe consideration of the temperature and in particular of he self-heating effect in Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors is a fundamental aspect to predict in a precise way these electric characteristics. The use of these components in microwaves applications exposes to various tempertaures and strong densities of current, accentuates enormously these effects. Consequently, a precie modelling of these phenomena is necessary. A dynamic model describing the self-heatinng, characterized by a rise in the junction temperature, is developed. An electric equivalence close to the analytical model, compatible with SPICE electric models type, is established. A specific test bench is used in order to evaluate the new model and to extracts its parameters. In a second part, the temperature dependence of the various compact model parameters is studied, in particular in the HICUM model
Armanni, Thibaut. "Étude de nouveaux alliages de titane pour applications aéronautiques hautes températures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0342.
Full textImproving the high-temperature resistance of titanium alloys is a major challenge for the aerospace industry. Exceeding the current limit of 550°C in aircraft engines requires finding the best compromise between good oxidation resistance and good mechanical properties. Near-alpha alloys consisting mainly of a compact hexagonal phase are the best candidates. Unfortunately, they are sensitive to cold creep-fatigue, known as the dwell effect. In this context, our work aims to achieve two main objectives. Firstly, to contribute to the design of new near-alpha alloys based on machine learning, supported by extensive mechanical testing, at both ambient and high temperatures. Secondly, to gain a better understanding of the effect of chemical composition, particularly silicon content, on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour. Our approach was based on multi-scale microstructure study of selected alloys using a combination of different microscopy techniques. We examined the influence of a variation in silicon content using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We showed that silicide precipitation occurs above a certain silicon content. We demonstrated the limitations of two-dimensional analysis, and used an alternative technique combining ion beam cutting (FIB) with SEM observation to reconstruct the 3D microstructure. This approach enabled us to analyze and quantify the shapes, sizes and spatial distributions of the silicides. Finally, we carried out tensile tests at different strain rates as well as creep tests under various conditions to better understand how silicon addition improves the behaviour of near-alpha alloys
Daniel, Isabelle. "Aluminosilicates à haute pression et haute température : amorphes, verres, liquides et cristaux : étude par spectroscopie Raman." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10279.
Full textCapron, Mickaël. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'aluminates et d'aluminosilicates de la température ambiante jusqu'au liquide à hautes températures." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2064.
Full textFerlat, Guillaume. "Contributions expérimentale et numérique à l'étude de l'ordre local de liquides à haute température et sous haute pression." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10248.
Full textDejaeghere, Laurent. "Méthode de mesure par pyrométrie multispectrale et développement d'un dispositif à hautes températures." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS406/document.
Full textWelding simulation can be improved by a better knowledge of molten metals thermophysical properties. This improvement requires characterization using a very high temperature apparatus. After portraying a state of the art on characterization technics adapted to this temperature range (chapter 1), this manuscript details works, principally experimental, dedicated to the developments of a device able to heat metals up to 2 500 °C (chapters 3 and 4) and of a five wavelengths pyrometer in order to measure this temperature (chapters 2, 4 and 5). The device heats by induction a graphite tower, the crucible being placed at its center, and has been dimensioned by a magneto-thermal 2D axisymmetric simulation using the Comsol Multiphysics® software. In parallel, the pyrometer has been developed in order to measure both temperature and emissivity. In the absence of a high temperature blackbody, several experiments were carried out for the calibration of it; they were based on the use of the luminance of pure metals at their melting point. In order to cover the largest temperature range possible, chosen metals were iron, chromium, and even niobium. These experiments showed the efficiency of the pyrometer and the maximal ability of the high temperature device during the niobium melting around 2 500 °C. Finally, the pyrometer has been used on an arc welding process, in which temperature has been evaluated over a 1 000 °C – 2 500 °C temperature range
Gobert, Yannick. "Étude des propriétés physiques et des performances potentielles à hautes températures ds transistors à effet de champ (TEC) à grille submicronique." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10163.
Full textPaquet, Jeanne. "Development of a new design method for the cross-section capacity of steel open sections at high temperatures." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69308.
Full textAt high temperatures, steel suffers from great lossesin strength and stiffness. Different design methods must therefore be considered to predict the resistance of steel in the exceptional situation of fire. Current standards propose simplified methods to predict the resistance of steel at high temperatures. However, these methods are inspired by steel design equations used at room temperature and are therefore generally not suitable to predict accurately the resistance of steel elements in fire situation. This thesis presents research investigations pursued to propose a new design method for open steel cross-sections subjected to high temperatures by means of the Overall InteractionConcept (O.I.C.). This calculation method is based on the interaction between resistance and stability and allows to consider geometrical and material imperfections. The advantage of this new calculation method is that it allows to obtain precise results and to keep continuity between predictions contrarily to standards that use the cross-section classification. A numerical model, initially developed for open steel cross-sections at ambient temperature,was improved to predict the resistance of steel at high temperatures. It was then verified against experimental test results to ensure its accuracy. After validation, the numerical model was used to conduct simulations using different geometries, temperatures, yield limits andload cases. Results were then used to formulate new design proposals for cross-sections at high temperatures in the O.I.C. format. The performance of the new proposal was then evaluated et compared with the performance of existing standards. This evaluation allowed to conclude that the proposition is much more accurate than existing standards. Finally, the evolution of the behaviour of steel between cold and high temperature was briefly analysed. As this point was only briefly discussed, it opens the door for future studies on the subject.
Ganda, Hassane. "Méthode de mesure de l'émissivité spectrale directionnelle de matériaux à haute température : mise au point et application à des revêtements céramiques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30178.
Full textKhalouk, Karim. "Etude du transport électronique de métaux liquides, amorphes et cristallins à hautes températures." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ022S/document.
Full textSeveral physical, technological, instrumental and industrial objectives were treated in this thesis. Anomaly of resistivity of liquid alloys observed during a first temperature rise. It is interesting to try to understand the mechanism at the origin of this phenomenon. Bismuth alloys to understand the behaviour of pure heavy metals and alloyed with a second metal (In). We discussed for bismuth the choice of the valence as well pure as allied to indium to interpret the electronic transport. Exhaustive study, (in collaboration with Chemnitz TU in the frame of COST MP0602) of new compositions of high temperatures solders based on Sn-Ag doped with In, Ge and Bi in order to improve the solders characteristics. We studied electrical and thermal conductivity, surface tension and mass density of these alloys. Use of an automated device of simultaneous measure of resistivity and Seebeck coefficient to characterize phase and structure transitions in solid metallic alloys. We showed the usefulness of the device as a method of "non destructive testing" by characterizing the recrystallisation of metallic amorphous ribbons. We interpreted the transport properties using the Ziman formalism and proved that this formalism could be also used to interpret the electronic transport of solid. Study of the electronic transport, in the liquid state, of alloy compositions giving quasi-crystals in the solid state. Almost no study on such kind of materials had been published before to our knowledge
Loukachenko, Natalia. "Mise au point de surfaces résistant à des sollicitations de roulement – glissement sous des pressions de contact élevées de 2,5GPa et jusqu'à 300°C : applications aux engrenages et aux transmissions par courroies." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_LOUKACHENKO_N.pdf.
Full textCar designers are seeking ways to improve the performance of power transmission mechanical parts which subjected to severe conditions. Attention should be drawn in particular to contact pressure and operating temperature. Our object was to seek a dual material – surface treatment resistant to contact fatigue phenomena under pressures of 2. 5GPa up to 300°C. Thermochemical treatments by carbon and nitrogen diffusion and hardening mechanisms associated with these treatments improve the surface properties of steels. Three approaches are considered in order to reach the objectives : 1) Hardening by chromium nitrides precipitation during nitriding (at 520°C) of chromium alloyed 32CrMoV13 industrial steel. It is a satisfactory solution to achieve the objectives; however, it requires a long thermochemical treatment; 2) Hardening by martensite transformation after carbo-nitriding with a high nitrogen concentration allowing nitrides precipitation during tempering at 300°C of slightly alloyed 27MnCr5 and 27CrMo4 steels. This type of treatment does not reach the objectives: carbo-nitriding layers evolve quickly with temperature increasing until 300°C; 3) Hardening by martensite transformation after carburizing of silicon alloyed 15NiMoCr10 steel. Silicon slows down martensite decomposition before 300°C. Results of microindentation at 300°C show that elastic characteristics of carburizing and tempered 15NiMoCr10 steel layer are reduced. The remaining values do not guarantee a sufficient endurance of steel carburised surface up to 300°C without it first being subjected to mechanical tests in real operating conditions. This steel and thermochemical treatment associated have however potential characteristics which justify these tests
Gauthier-Brunet, Véronique. "Elaboration et réactivité à hautes températures du composé intermétallique NbAI3 : influence du mode de préparation sur le processus d'oxydation." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS083.
Full textEck, Julien. "Effet conjugué des hautes températures, du bombardement ionique et du rayonnement vuv sur des matériaux carbones destinés au bouclier thermique de la sonde solaire solar probe+." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP1283.
Full textSending a probe close to the sun is the only way to solve 2 fundamental questions of heliophysics: why the temperature of the solar corona is so high and how are accelerated the solar wind. The approach of the probe at a distance of about 10 solar radii implies extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures (~ 1600 k), important ion bombardment (h+ and he2+) and intense vuv radiation. To protect the payload of the probe, a thermal protection system is considered. The objective of this thesis is to study the synergistic effect of these various constraints on the physico-chemical behavior of carbon based materials suitable for the heat shield of the solar probe+ spacecraft. Initially a literature review was conducted to define the different interactions occurring between materials and the solar environment. Then, a numerical study is carried out using simulation software such as trim, tridyn or gemini, to evaluate the various mechanisms of material erosion under ion bombardment. Finally, the experimental study at the promes-cnrs laboratory solar furnace at odeillo has investigated the synergistic effect of high temperatures and vuv radiation on the physico-chemical and thermo-optical behavior of various carbon based materials
Serdechnova, Maria. "Le contrôle de réactivité d'aluminium en peinture anticorrosion résistant à la haute température." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066287.
Full textThe aim of this work is to understand Al reactivity at a fundamental level and to use this knowledge for the development of Cr(VI)-free sacrificial paints for high temperature aeronautic applications. Pure Al, Al intermetallics and alloys are studied. The atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry is used to isolate the individual phenomena during paint degradation. A linear relationship between cathodic current and Al dissolution is shown and interpreted with a simple model where OH- generation, Al(OH)3 formation/dissolution and Al(OH)4− diffusion are kinetically coupled. For early formulations significant binder dissolution is measured under cathodic polarization, while Al reactivity is suppressed. Similar Al behavior is observed for Al-Mg intermetallics. In terms of the cathodically generated hydroxide mechanism these results are interpreted as the reaction of either Si or Mg with OH-. These results confirm the cathodic Al reactivity model. The loss of anodic activity is explained by the loss of electrical contact at the metal/oxide/polymer/substrate interfaces and the oxide layer modifications are studied to circumvent this problem. It is found that Mg2+ ions retard Al passivation and improve conductivity due to the formation of semiconducting spinel. Finally, two major factors are found to be critical for the Al reactivity control: solution pH and oxide properties. Using additives to control them, the new coating formulation stable up to 550°C and protective more than 1000H in salt spray test is developed
Boumaza, Toufik. "Contribution à la mise au point de méthodes de détermination des propriétés thermophysiques apparentes de solides au moyen d'un concentrateur solaire." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0249.
Full textJuzoń, Piotr. "High temperature reactivity of Fe3Al intermetallic compounds." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS051.
Full textFe3Al intermetallic compounds belong to a prospective group of corrosion-resistant and heat-resisting materials. Recent research proved that certain alloy additions introduced to base alloys in small quantities can have significant influence on improving mechanical and corrosion-resistance properties. The goal of this dissertation is to examine the influence of adding third and/or fourth minor element on the heat-resisting properties, and to understand the effects (positive or negative) of minor element addition on the high temperature oxidation mechanism of Fe3Al intermetallic compounds. The influence of selected additions (Zr, Mo, Nb and Cr) was examined on the high-temperature corrosion (degradation) behavior of researched alloys under isothermal conditions in synthetic air and synthetic air enriched with 10% of H2O in temperature range from 900ºC to 1200ºC. The cyclic oxidation experiments were performed in laboratory air at 1100 °C. For understanding the growth mechanism of oxide scale on Fe3Al materials, two-stage oxidation experiments were performed (16O2/18O2) followed by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observations
Leon, Sosa José Balbino. "Analyse du comportement en fatigue oligocyclique à chaud d'aciers 10 CD 9. 10 : influence de la microstructure et de l'environnement." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-65.pdf.
Full textBertrand, Philippe. "Contrôle et optimisation des procédés industriels hautes températures utilisant les faisceaux d'énergie concentrée (laser, plasma, faisceau d'électrons) par pyrométrie optique." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0683.
Full textFranco, Correa Iván David. "Étude tribologique à hautes températures de matériaux céramiques structurés à différentes échelles." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0106.
Full textIn order to evaluate and to understand the wear performance and mechanisms at high temperatures that take place when different chemical compositions (Al2O3, ZrO2, mullite), scales (finely structured, microstructured and submillimetric) and configurations (single layer, bilayer and volume) interact, atmospheric plasma sprayed coatings manufactured on a silicoaluminous ceramic substrate were used. The Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-Y2O3 coatings correspond to the monolayer configuration, as well as the finely and microstructured scales, while the Mullite/Al2O3, Mullite/ ZrO2-Al2O3 and of Mullite/ ZrO2-Y2O3 correspond to the bilayer configuration, where the outer mullite layer is microstructured and the sub-layers can correspond to finely and microstructured scales. In the same way, the Al2O3 and AZS commercial refractories correspond to the volume configuration and the submillimeter scale, taking into account that these have also been used as references because of the high resistance to wear that they show in glass and cement industries. Subsequently, these ceramic materials were subjected to sliding contact wear conditions (5 N, 20000 rpm and 0,10 ms-1) with a ball on disk tribometer at temperatures of: 25, 500, 750 and 1000 °C. The results indicate that the wear of the Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-Y2O3 coatings at 25 and 1000 ° C was by ductile deformation, showing wear rates of the order of 10-4-10- 6 and 10-4-10-5 mm3.N-1.m-1 respectively, while at 500 and 750 °C was by brittle deformation with wear rates of the order of 10-3-10-4 mm3.N-1.m-1 for both temperatures, finding a slightly higher wear resistance in finely structured coatings due primarily to toughness. Regarding the two electro-melted volume refractories at submillimetric scale, they showed wear by ductile deformation only at 1000 °C, showing wear rates of the order of 10-4 mm3.N-1.m-1. On the other hand, the mullite bilayer systems showed wear by brittle deformation at all evaluated temperatures, with wear rates of the order of 10-3-10-4 mm3.N-1.m-1, without showing any improvement at all because of the presence of the sub-layers. Finally, aiming to seek more economical options, as well as to give other applications to the materials studied, it has also been determined the influence on wear at high temperature of Al2O3 coatings, finely and microstructured, manufactured by the chep technique of oxy-flame spraying, as well as the same Al2O3 coatings manufactured by plasma spraying on a metallic substrate of Inconel 718, which is used by the space and aerospace industries, obtaining for both cases comparable and similar results to all those obtained previously
Con el fin de evaluar el desempeño y comprender los mecanismos de desgaste de materiales cerámicos que se producen a alta temperatura cuando diferentes composiciones químicas (Al2O3, base ZrO2, mullita), diferentes escalas de estructura (finamente estructurado, microestructurado y submilimétrico) y diferentes configuraciones (mono-capa, bi-capa y en volumen) interactúan, fueron realizados recubrimientos cerámicos por proyección térmica de plasma sobre un sustrato cerámico silico-aluminoso. Los recubrimientos de Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3 y ZrO2-Y2O3 corresponden con la configuración mono-capa y con las escalas finamente estructurada y microestructurada. Mientras que los recubrimientos de mullita/Al2O3, mullita/ ZrO2-Al2O3 y mullita/ ZrO2-Y2O3 corresponden con la configuración bi-capa, donde la capa superior de los recubrimientos es de mullita microstructurada y las subcapas pueden ser finamente estructuradas y microestructuradas. Dichos recubrimientos fueron comparados con refractarios electrofundidos de Al2O3 y AZS correspondientes con la configuración en volumen y con la escala submilimétrica, los cuales también fueron utilizados como referencias debido a sus altas resistencias al desgaste a altas temperaturas en industrias tales como: la del vidrio y el cemento. Todos los materiales cerámicos fueron sometidos a condiciones de desgaste por contacto deslizante (5 N, 20000 vueltas y 0,10 m.s-1) con un tribómetro de tipo bola-disco a temperaturas de 25, 500, 750 y 1000 °C. Los resultados indican que el desgaste en los recubrimientos de Al2O3 y base ZrO2 a 25 y 1000 °C fue por deformación dúctil, con tasas de desgaste de 10-4-10-6 et 10-4-10-5 mm3.N-1.m-1 respectivamente, mientras que a 500 y 750 °C el desgaste fue por deformación frágil con tasas de desgaste del orden de 10-3-10-4 mm3.N- 1.m-1 para ambas temperaturas y ambos materiales. La resistencia al desgaste en los recubrimientos finamente estructurados fue ligeramente superior debido principalmente a la mayor tenacidad tenacidad a la fractura. Para los dos refractarios electrofundidos en volumen a escala submilimétrica, el desgaste por deformación dúctil fue detectado solo a 1000 °C, con tasas de desgaste del orden de 10-4 mm3.N-1.m-1. Para los sistemas bi-capa de mullita, el desgaste por deformación frágil se observó a todas las temperaturas evaluadas, con tasas de desgaste del orden de 10-3-10-4 mm3.N-1.m-1, sin mostrar ninguna mejora debido a la presencia de una subcapa cerámica. Finalmente, en aras de buscar tanto soluciones más económicas como otras aplicaciones, el comportamiento tribológico a alta temperatura se estudió también en recubrimientos de Al2O3 finamente estructurados y microestructurados, realizados mediante proyección térmica de llama oxiacetilénica, más económica que la proyección de plasma, así como sobre los mismos recubrimientos de Al2O3 realizados mediante proyección de plasma sobre un sustrato metálico de Inconel 718, utilizado comúnmente en las industrias espacial y aeronáutica. En ambos casos, los resultados fueron similares a los obtenidos por plasma o por sustrato refractario
Rebih, Fatima. "Etude sur modèles chimiques des mécanismes réactionnels prédominants et secondaires apparaissant à très haute température sur des séquences de polyaryléthercétones en présence de catalyseurs organométalliques." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES007.
Full textRodriguez, Pascale. "Etude de la fatigue thermique et thermomécanique d'un alliage à mémoire de forme haute température type Cu-Al-Ni." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0081.
Full textRobert, Fabienne. "Comportement des bétons sous haute température et en cas d’incendie : caractérisation multi-échelle." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DENS0046.
Full textThe full understanding of concrete structure behavior submitted to fire requires to study the phenomena at different scale, from micro scale to macro scale. The aim of this work is to understand the links between the phenomena observed at different scale. This study investigates the chemical phases’ transformation at high temperature thanks to different means of characterization of the microstructure (XRD, DSC, Environmental SEM …). It has been demonstrated that the increase in compressive strength at 200°C may be due to the formation of Katoite or Jaffeite. Moreover, the major part played by the stress state of the concrete elements on the spalling behaviour, between intermediate and full scale, has been put forward. The full scale tests have been done with Promethee Laboratory, new and innovative testing facility which allows to take into account the interactions during a fire between the tested element and the surrounding cold building. The tested element is as a result in a real mechanical and thermal stress state. This approach is based on a substructuring system. The hydraulic jacks forces will be time dependent and calculated taking into account both the deflected shape and the stiffness matrix of the cold surrounding building
Jemni, Abdelmajid. "Analyse énergétique d'une installation industrielle de chauffage solaire." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0069.
Full textSabeur, Hassen. "Étude du comportement du béton à hautes températures : une nouvelle approche thermo-hydro-mécanique couplée pour la modélisation du fluage thermique transitoire." Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0303.
Full textThe knowledge of concrete structures under high temperatures is of great interest in nuclear engineering applications and in safety evaluation against fire in civil constructions. Furthermore, increasing recurrence of tunnel fires in Europe (Channel, Mont-Blanc, Great Belt Link, Tauern) resulting in damage of concrete causing heavy economical and human losses, have leaded to a renewed interest in the behaviour of concrete at accidental conditions of temperature. In fact, when concrete is exposed to high temperatures, this leads to an evaporation of the free water, a pore pressure built up and a heat and mass transfer into the concrete structure which cause an incompatibility between the expanding aggregates and the shrinkage cement past. This incompatibility leads to the material degradation and microcracking. These entire phenomena will influence the thermal, hygral and mechanical material proprieties of the concrete. Therefore, the need to design durable concrete structures requires a robust modeling of all the processes involved in the deformation and degradation mechanisms of the material and it becomes essential to consider their coupling. When concrete is under the effect of combined mechanical loads and high temperature distributions, it exhibits strains which are conventionally split to a set of additive components:• Stress-free components, referred to thermo-hygral strains, which include thermal expansion and hygral shrinkage due to both drying and dehydration. • Stress induced thermal strains which mainly consist in a temperature dependent elastic strain, a micro-cracking strain and an additional component, commonly referred to as transient creep. This additional component is generally related to the fact that physical transformations, such as drying and dehydration, are occurring under sustained stress fields, which lead to a rearrangement of the evolutionary microstructure and give rise to this macroscopically measured strain. In this study, a new approach for modeling the transient component of the induced thermal deformation under load is proposed in order to predict the concrete behavior when subjected to high temperatures with a concomitant applied load. This component is conventionally referred to as transient creep strain. In this approach, the transient creep strain is split in to a drying creep component and a newly introduced dehydration creep strain. The former is related to the evolution of the hygrometric state of the material, while the later is related to the material dehydration which results from the heating induced chemical transformations. Therefore, a dehydration variable is defined and then introduced as a driving variable of the transient creep for temperatures exceeding 105 °C. This thermo-hydro-damage model is implemented using a finite element code and numerical simulation are performed and compared to experimental results in order to assess the predictive ability of the proposed model
Trégon, Bernard. "Evaluation et caractérisation d'une technologie d'assemblage MCM-L pour environnement haute pression forte température (120 MPa, 175°C)." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12580.
Full textThe first part of this study is an analysis of electronics needs for severe environmental conditions, that is pressure/temperature combined stress, and so the different potentials applications domains, The second part establish a liste of degradation modes of assembly materials implied in prototypes manufacture. These protoypes are intend to word under 120Mpa of pressure and 175°C of température. Analytic modelisation of each degradation modes are listed; Then we designed and realised an environmental test bench to study our prototypes. The third part is a theoretical behavioural study of components parts under pressure/temperature combined stress. This study has been completed through an experimental analysis. Finally, the fourth part is an experimental analysis of complete prototypes manufactured for our study. This analysis deals about sturdiness of the electronic funcion, so as about the different assembly options degradations of each protoypes. This analysis has been completed with a simulation study using finite elements method
Declairieux, Charles. "Etude microstructurale et thermomécanique d'alliages à mémoire de forme de type HfPdX et TiAuX à hautes températures de transformation." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066266.
Full textNaji, Majid. "Application of infrared waveguides and high-temperature storage unites." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18971.
Full textPassarelli, Marc. "Évaluation des paramètres de catalycité sur de nouveaux matériaux réfractaires oxydes destinés à la protection d'un véhicule spatial réutilisable." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0875.
Full textIn the development of future reusable spacecrafts, this study is devoted to experimental determination of the atomic oxygen coefficient of recombination on refractory ceramics such as ZrO2, ZrB2/SiC and ZrB2/HfB2/SiC in connection with temperature (1000 - 2500 K) and the microstructure of the material using the MESOX set-up installed at the focus of the 6 kW solar furnace in Odeillo. Trajectories calculations were made by molecular dynamics simulation to evaluate the reaction at high temperatures and study the energy redistribution after collision of oxygen molecule O2 vibrationally excited on a b-quartz surface at 1000 K
Bouhanek, Karima. "Oxydation à haute température de superalliages monocristallins." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT016G.
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