Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vigée'
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Hendrickx, Claire. "Claude Vigée et la Bible." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BRES0111.
Full textThe very name of Claude Vigée is a manifesto. It proclaims the choice of life (“viej'ai !”) from YHWH's command in Deuteronomy: “I have set before you death and life. Choose life, so that you and your offspring may live”. An inaugural and performative act of writing, this name yokes Biblical reading and literary création together. Our study will explore, in Claude Vigée's numerous works (including both prose and poetry), the way in which these two acts nourish each other. We intend to discuss what is at stake in Claude Vigée's reading of the Bible and in his writing as life-oriented acts : the body, as their primary support ; intimacy, which uniquely belongs to the subject and constitutes his own history and psychic being ; and ethics, exercised on the world and towards the other through reading and writing. Wether in the wonder of an existence intensely lived, or in the vertigo of darkness, evil and death, Vigée maintains a lucid trust in the words of the Tanakh and in his own, so that they become “manifestations of bright existence”
Wilson, Erin Elizabeth. "An Alternative Ancien Régime? Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun in Russia." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6157.
Full textCarlisle, Tara McDermott. "Adélaide Labille-Guiard and Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun: Portraitists in the Age of the French Revolution." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332771/.
Full textBenharbit, El Alami Naïma. "Recherches sur le développement normal et anormal du gynécée de vitis vinifera L. Du bouton floral à la fleur fécondée : importance des tanins vacuolaires et relation avec la coulure." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR22007.
Full textRoche, Manon. "Pharmacochimie radicalaire à visée antirhinovirale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5507.
Full textThis pharmacochemistry work aims at synthesizing of new benzenic derivatives molecules with the scope to study both the chemical and antirhinoviruses 14 pharmacological properties in vitro. In fact, this work was focused on the pharmacomodulation of benzonitrile derivatives in collaboration with Rega Institute for Medical Research group. One hundred structural analogues were synthesized and a structure-activity-relationship was established. Biological assays showed five molecules with interesting anti-hRV 14 activities (EC50 from 1.5 to 4.3 and selectivity index from 6 to 92).These products derived from the TDAE-initiated reaction of various nitrobenzyl chloride analogues. Different strategies directed toward this pharmacochemistry project permitted to study single electron transfer (SET) reaction on original substrates. In this way, we explored the concept of LD-SRN1 on a propargylic chloride derivative such as 1-(3-chloroprop-1-ynyl)-4-nitrobenzene with nitronate and sulfinate anions. This latter compound also constitutes a potential substrate for the preparation of a propargylic anion using the TDAE strategy. So, we examined the use of TDAE methodology in alkyne series with various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of TDAE. These last works opened the scope of single electron transfer (SET) reactions
Roche, Manon. "Pharmacochimie radicalaire à visée antirhinovirale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5507.
Full textThis pharmacochemistry work aims at synthesizing of new benzenic derivatives molecules with the scope to study both the chemical and antirhinoviruses 14 pharmacological properties in vitro. In fact, this work was focused on the pharmacomodulation of benzonitrile derivatives in collaboration with Rega Institute for Medical Research group. One hundred structural analogues were synthesized and a structure-activity-relationship was established. Biological assays showed five molecules with interesting anti-hRV 14 activities (EC50 from 1.5 to 4.3 and selectivity index from 6 to 92).These products derived from the TDAE-initiated reaction of various nitrobenzyl chloride analogues. Different strategies directed toward this pharmacochemistry project permitted to study single electron transfer (SET) reaction on original substrates. In this way, we explored the concept of LD-SRN1 on a propargylic chloride derivative such as 1-(3-chloroprop-1-ynyl)-4-nitrobenzene with nitronate and sulfinate anions. This latter compound also constitutes a potential substrate for the preparation of a propargylic anion using the TDAE strategy. So, we examined the use of TDAE methodology in alkyne series with various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of TDAE. These last works opened the scope of single electron transfer (SET) reactions
Afifi, Maha. "Métabolisation de l'eutypine chez la vigne : Effet sur la biosynthèse des anthocyanes." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT013A.
Full textEl-Kattan, Yahya. "Synthèse d'acyclonucléosides inédits à visée antivirale." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20179.
Full textQuintard, Delphine Angélique. "Synthèse d'oxa-épothilones à visée anticancéreuse." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2306.
Full textEpothilones are new highly potent anticancer agents isolated from Myxobacteria. These compounds are 16-membered macrocycles with a methyl-thiazole side-chain. Their mode of action, similar to Taxol(R), and their interesting biological activity have prompted numerous studies since 1996. After bibliographic analysis, the synthesis of two types of analogues has been implemented. The main modification is the replacement of a methylene group at position 10 by an oxygen atom. The first type, prepared as the racemate, is characterized by the presence of a phenyl group instead of the thiazole group. This synthesis has demonstrated the faisability of the key-steps (aldolisation and metathesis) and the validity of the approach. The second type, closer from epothilone D, possesses a methyl-thiazole side-chain and a C2-C3 insaturation. An enantioselective synthesis, based on the same retrosynthetic analysis, has been completed to afford the desired macrocycle. No cytotoxic activity at significant concentrations (less than 10 æM) was observed for these analogues
Fetzer, Ludivine. "Fonctionnalisation de ruthenacycles à visée anticancéreuse." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13094.
Full textFor several years, the ‘Laboratoire de Synthèses Métallo-Induites’ has been developing cycloruthenated complexes for their antitumor potential (RDC). During these previous works, a library of compounds has been constituted and has undergone biological screening. A lead compound has been selected to go into further pharmacological studies. Nevertheless, this complex possesses a poor solubility in physiological condition. The aim of this thesis was to develop a new generation of functionalized hydrosoluble RDCs using multi-steps organic syntheses and organometallic chemistry. The strategy was to modify a ligand, in particular the phenylpyridine, in order to graft a hydrosoluble chain like an amino acid, a polyol and a polyamine. One of the synthetic pathways has yielded to the first hydrosoluble RDC carrying a spermine side chain. These complexes have been screened by in vitro and in vivo tests
Magne, Fanny. "Synthèse d’hétérocycles spiraniques à visée thérapeutique." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2046/document.
Full textIn recent years, the elaboration of spirocyclic molecules has arisen, particularly with an essential purpose to increase of molecular diversity which is not sufficiently developed to date. The objective of this work was the synthesis of new arylaliphatic tricyclic entities with spiranic carbon and it in addition to previous work in the laboratory. Firstly, we have chosen to generate molecules having indane-1,2’-(azetidine, pyrrolidine and piperidine) moiety. The possibility of incorporating a functional group such as an amide, a spacer group or even a substituent on the aromatic ring has allowed us to exploit all space directions. Secondly, we have developed an intramolecular arylation in α position of the electroattractive groups. This metal catalyzed arylation, (in this case copper) provides access to compounds with spiroindane or spirotetraline-1,3’-(azetidine, pyrrolidine and piperidine) patterns. Thirdly, we have studied the intramolecular nucleophilic addition of N-activated pyridine to accede to spirocyclic functionalized pyridine structures. Preliminary tests using acetic anhydride as the activating agent allowed us to generate some desired intermediates. Last but not least, in an effort to increase the molecular diversity and the discovery of new fragments that could lead us to therapeutic agents, we were interested in the field of white biotechnology by harnessing the potential of microorganisms and their enzymes to functionalize in activated C-H bonds in previously prepared spirocyclic scaffolds
Doriguzzi, Agnès. "La feuille de vigne rouge (Vitis vinifera L. Var. "Tinctioria") mise au point bibliographique et contribution analytique." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P141.
Full textPutrus, Rana. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique de décalines et pipéridines à visée anti-Alzheimer et d'acridones à visée anti-tumorale." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P644.
Full textThe first part of this work recalls a general introduction for Alzheimer Disease and its treatments. Functionalized decalins and piperidines compounds have been synthesized and their anticholinesterasic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties were evaluated. Synthetic approaches to decalins and their synthesized derived from the key compound 3,7-dinitro-11-oxa-tricyclo [6. 2. 1. 01. 6] undec-9-ene, is described. Different types of reactions towards bioactive compounds, including the endoxyde opening reactions (first series), and other reactions to functionalize the nitro group and the double bond (second series) are developed. Regarding the synthesis of functionalized piperidines derived from the lactone of 4-hydroxypipecolic acid, two general pathways for lactone ring-opening are investigated. For a first serie of compounds a Wittig type reaction on the corresponding lactol is considered. For the second serie, a nucleophilic attack on the lactone is considered to introduce a functionalized chain. This work opens access to new bicyclic series. In a second part of this work, the synthesis of simplified acridones derived from the highly cytotoxic furanic parent compounds is described: O-allylation and functionalization into epoxides and esters of 1,3-dihydroxyacridones. Evaluation of their antitumor properties is also well presented
Zhang, Dapeng. "Conséquences physiologiques de la taille de la vigne : structure conductrice du vieux bois : autorégulation de croissance et régime hydrique selon divers types de taille mécanisables." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR20032.
Full textOuld, Sidi Mohamed Bemba. "Synthèse de carbonucléosides phosphonates à visée antivirale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT234/document.
Full textNucleoside analogues have been widely used in the treatment of viral diseases owing to biological activity of these derivatives. We are particularly interested in carbonucleosides phosphonates. The first chapter of this thesis reports on a bibliographic study on viruses and on nucleosidic analogues approved by FDA for medical use. Antiviral mechanisms of action were also discussed in this chapter. In the second chapter, we described the synthesis of derivatives 2’- or 4’-hydroxy-4’-methyl carbonucleoside phosphonate in adenine and guanine series. The third chapter is devoted to the development of a hydrophosphonylation reaction under UV irradiation of alkenes/alkyne leading to the alkyl/vinyl corresponding phosphonates. Finally, the last chapter presents the synthesis of derivatives 4’-hydroxy-4’-ethyl carbonucleosides phosphonates using the methodology developed in the third chapter. All carbonucleoside phosphonates synthesized are ongoing biological evaluation
Graullier, Magalie. "Synthèse de polymères biodégradables à visée pharmaceutique." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30298.
Full textDestombes, Agnès. "Les colorants injectables à visée de diagnostic." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P207.
Full textSchneider, Jérémy. "Étude d'aminoarylalcools énantiomériquement purs à visée antipaludique." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0044.
Full textMalaria is a disease induced by a protozoan parasite, Plasmodium. Among the five species of Plasmodium parasitizing humans, P. falciparum is the parasite which causes the most serious form of the disease. Since 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). However, the emergence of multi-resistant parasites decreases the effectiveness of these ACTs. Therefore, the development of new compounds active on Plasmodium resistant strains remains important. Previously, an asymmetric synthesis allowing access to 4-aminoalcohol-quinoline enantiomers (AQM), mefloquine analogs, was developed in the laboratory. Enantiomers (S) have been shown to be 2 to 15 -fold more active than their analogues (R). Derivatives were active on nanomolar range against Pf3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) and PfW2 (chloroquine-resistant). In continuation of our work, we have synthesized and studied new chemical series, derived from AQMs, in order to: i) study the effect of amino substituents; ii) restore the susceptibility of mefloquine-resistant strains; or iii) study the effect of the nature of the heterocycle (fluorene vs quinoline) by synthesizing enantiopure lumefantrine analogs. The antimalarial activity, in vitro, was evaluated on Pf3D7 and PfW2 strains. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) in vitro of the most promising molecules were performed. These results will lead to the evaluation of the in vivo antimalarial activity of a first compound
Paquot, Carole. "Rhinoplastie de réduction à visée esthétique : synthèse." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN3072.
Full textMessaoudi, Domitille. "Propriétés antibactériennes de lactobacilles à visée probiotique." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114803.
Full textWe etablished hox some Lactobacillus strains contribute to combate infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Tryphimurium. We studied antibacterial properties of lactobacilli strains existing in probiotics products and new strains isolated from greec cheeses. These lactobacilli have antagonistc activities against enteropathogenic bacteria in vitro and decrease infection of mice with Salmonella. We also contribute to understand mechanisms of action in vitro against S. Tryphimurium. Acidity resulting from growth of lactobacilli inhibits its growth. Antagonistic activities exerted by lactic acid and other unidentified compounds have been shown. They decrease viability and mobility of Salmonella and inhibits Salmonella internalisation into intestinal cells in culture
Allegre, Mathilde. "Etude du rôle des stomates dans l’interaction vigne – Plasmopara viticola, agent du mildiou." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS002.
Full textPlasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew enters through the uses stomata to enter the plant and to sporulate. It was observed that the infected plants wilted more rapidly than healthy ones when subjected to water starvation. Complimentary approaches were used to investigate stomatal opening/closure during infection. We have shown that the oomycete deregulates guard cell functioning, causing significant water losses during the night, from 3 days post-inoculation, before appearance of the first symptom. The second objective of this study was firstly, to determine whether stomatal closure could reduce infection and secondly, to determine if stomatal complex is the site of defence reactions associated with a reduction of the infection by Plasmopara viticola
Lespy-Labaylette, Philippe. "Recherches sur les polyamines des baies de raisin au cours de leur développement et des pépins au cours de leur germination." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR20242.
Full textBortolami, Giovanni. "Impact des agents pathogènes sur le bilan hydrique et carboné de la vigne : conséquences pour le dépérissement de la vigne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0114.
Full textPerennial plant dieback is an increasing and complex phenomenon. Perennial plants experience many interacting stressing events leading to final plant mortality. These interactions, and how they may change regarding climatic conditions and plant physiological status, are key in understanding the dieback process. Although dieback events are increasing worldwide, the knowledge on the dieback mechanisms are scarce, given the many technical challenges in studying complex interactions. In this thesis, we studied the interaction between two stresses frequently experienced by grapevines, one of the most important perennial crops: drought and esca (a vascular disease). Esca is a disease in which there are many competing hypotheses regarding its pathogenesis. One of the main hypothesis is that leaf symptoms and plant death are caused by hydraulic failure in xylem vessels. For this reason, drought is thought to contribute synergistically with esca to grapevine dieback. In this context, this thesis has primarily explored the hydraulic failure hypothesis during esca pathogenesis. We found that during leaf symptom expression both leaves and stems suffer from hydraulic failure causing (on average) 69% loss of hydraulic conductance in midribs, 55% in petioles, and 30% in stems. Differing from classical air embolism during drought, we observed that hydraulic failure during esca was caused by the presence of plant-derived vascular occlusions (i.e. tyloses and gels) produced at a distance from the pathogen niche in the trunk. After this discovering, we explored the interaction between esca and drought, subjecting naturally infected plants to drought. We found that drought totally inhibits esca leaf symptoms, as none of the plants under water deficit (at ΨPD ≈ -1MPa for three months) expressed leaf symptoms in two consecutive seasons. At the same time, in order to understand the interaction between esca and drought, we recorded the whole-plant water relations and carbon economy of grapevine under both stresses. We highlight the distinct physiology behind these two stresses, indicating that esca and drought present different underlying mechanisms, and induce different plant responses and physiological consequences. Esca (and subsequent stomatal conductance decline) does not result from decreases in water potential, and generates different gas exchange and non-structural carbohydrate seasonal dynamics compared to drought. Finally, we observed that esca affected the recorded plant physiology only seasonally, and not over the long-term. This thesis highlights the importance in finding the physiological thresholds triggering the different interactions during plant dieback. Together, the results open new scientific and agronomical perspectives on plant-pathogen-environment interactions and vineyard sustainability
Renault, Olivier. "Les acides 3-amino-3-arylpropioniques dans la synthèse de nouvelles aminocyclopentathiophénones à visée antinéoplasique et arylpipéridines à visée nicotinique." Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN4040.
Full textFournioux, Jean-Claude. "Facteurs de l'édification de la tige de Vitis vinifera L. Dans différentes conditions de culture." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOS015.
Full textLeterrier, Marina. "Régulation et rôle physiologique du gène VvHT1 (Vitis vinifera hexose transporter 1) exprimé durant la maturation de la baie de raisin." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2270.
Full textWine quality strongly depends on the ratio acid/sugar of the grape berries at harvest. Grapevine berries (Vitis vinifera) mainly store hexoses. This accumulation which starts suddenly at the ripening stage named vraison, involves hexoses transporters. A complete clone (VvHT1: Vitis vinifera hexose transporter 1) was previously isolated in the laboratory. Its expression increases around vraison, suggesting that VvHT1 could be involved in hexose accumulation during berry ripening. The work presented here deals with the regulation of VvHT1promoter, using the GUS reporter gene, and with its physiological role, using a sense/antisense strategy in tobacco plants. The data provide the first example of a putative hexose transporter induced by sugars in higher plants and demonstrate an original sugar sensing phenomenon. Some of the plants transformed with VvHT1 cDNA show a marked phenotype and are clearly affected in source/sink partitioning, glucose uptake and sugar metabolism in leaves
Larignon, Philippe. "Contribution à l'identification et au mode d'action des champignons associés au syndrome de l'esca de la vigne." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR22015.
Full textDai, Zhan Wu. "Analyse et modélisation de la croissance et de la composition biochimique des baies de raisin (Vitis vinifera L. ) en réponse à la disponibilité carbonée et hydrique." Avignon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AVIG0612.
Full textThe responses of berry growth and composition (sugars and acids) to intrinsic properties (seed and berry position within a cluster) and exterior factors (assimilate supply and water availability) were studied using both ecophysiological and modelling approaches. During two successive growth seasons, experiments were conducted on two red wine grape (Vitis vinifera L. ) cultivars, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, which grew in greenhouse and/or vineyard. Leaf removing together with berry thinning and shoot girdling were applied to obtain different levels of assimilate supply. In addition, water supply was controlled to provide two level of water availability in one year. With the assistance of a mathematical growth function, seed effect on the final berry size was identified to control berry growth during the first rapid growth phase, while its effect on berry composition is indirect. In addition, number of seeds per berry was a major reason causing intra-cluster variation in berry size and malic acid concentration but not for concentrations of sugars and tartaric acid. Increasing assimilate supply resulted in increases in the average berry fresh weight and sugar concentration, decreases in acid concentration, and decline in the degree of variability in berry traits. Position effect on berry fresh weight, sugars and acid only occurred under assimilate limited conditions. This position effect was not due to differences in seed distribution or berry potential sink size between positions, but was likely ascribed to the relative position of a berry to the assimilate source. A refined SUGAR model (Génard and Souty, 1996) was adopted to grape berry and correctly simulated the negative effect of lowered leaf-to-fruit ratio and the positive effect of water shortage on sugar concentration. Model simulation further indicated that the decreasing leaf-to-fruit ratio reduced sugar import more than sugar metabolism and water dilution, causing a net decrease in sugar concentration. In contrast, the water shortage decreased sugar import less than sugar metabolism and water dilution, resulting in a net increase in sugar concentration. Similarly, berry fresh and dry mass was well reproduced by adopting the Fishman and Génard's (1998) growth model, accurately simulating the reduced berry fresh and dry mass caused by the low leaf-to-fruit ratio. Furthermore, model simulation of the intra-cluster variation in berry fresh and dry
Arnold, Claire. "Ecologie de la vigne sauvage, Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, dans les forêts alluviales et colluviales d'Europe /." Zürich : Vdf, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39974811f.
Full textBlanchard, Vincent. "Synthèse de composés phosphorés chélatants à visée phytosanitaire." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0020/document.
Full textThe branched-chain amino acids metabolic pathway is present in many living beings such as plants, bacteria and fungi but not in mammals. This is why it has been interesting to target this enzymatic pathway with specific inhibitors in order to develop non-selective herbicides. The main non-selective herbicides commercialised inhibit the first enzyme of this metabolic route. However more and more cases of resistant weed appeared and spread. Thus it raises the interest and importance of designing new compounds targeting another enzyme from the biological pathway in order to circumvent the resistance issue.The Ketolacid Reductoisomerase (KARI) protein also intervenes in the aforementioned enzymatic pathway. Although two inhibitors, IpOHA and Hoe 704, were synthesised during the 80s they have not proven active enough in field treatment. Nonetheless both inhibitors remain as references for in vivo biological activity.The X-ray diffraction representations of KARI including each inhibitor or its natural substrate show that the functional groups borne by the latter chelate two metal cations within the active site. Moreover the comparison between inhibitor structures and the substrate transition states reveals a general pattern in order to design and develop new potential biologically active compounds. For that purpose three major substructure units have to be considered: a double chelating pincer, a lipophilic group and a hydrogen bond accepting moiety.In this context different functional groups such as diorganylphosphine oxides, dihydropyrimidinediones, carboxylic acid or hydroxamic acid derivatives could be modified and used as chelating motifs. The functional groups listed have already proven their efficacy as part of other metalloenzyme inhibitors
Jouanne, Marie. "Conception et synthèse de foldamères à visée thérapeutique." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN4015.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by abnormal protein deposits in the brain, such as amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles, formed by fibrous assemblies of the Aβ peptide or of tau protein. To this day, Aβ and tau remain the major therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD. A strategy against the development of the disease is to reduce the formation of these aggregates, especially in the initial stages. Taking into account the laboratory’s experience in the foldamers conception, we thought design and prepare compounds which could interact with tau protein sequences involved in the aggregation. The work done during this thesis resulted in a new approach to design and synthesize more than forty new structures in order to disrupt the process of tau protein aggregation
Coffinier, Laurence. "Pharmacocinétique comparée des différentes fluoroquinolones à visée systémique." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P094.
Full textOngeri, Sandrine. "Nouveaux complexes de platine à visée anti-cancéreuse." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P155.
Full textThébault, Pascal. "Élaboration de surfaces métalliques à visée anti-microbienne." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4100.
Full textNot controlled propagation of bacteria or potentially infectious germs (for example Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella,…) on surfaces can generate an important nuisance from production unit dysfunction to the generation of opportunist diseases which can generate on certain patients an in short term prospect irreversible exponential contamination. In order to answer these problems, we functionalized metal surfaces to obtain materials having antimicrobial properties not leading to the releasing of the antimicrobial agent in the medium. To elaborate these new surfaces, we were based on two concepts: (i) the well-known antimicrobial activity of quaternary ammonium salts, (ii) possibilities of self-assembly into monolayers (SAMs) on various metals of organic molecules carrying a thiol, disulfide or silane function by covalent bond. The manuscript presents the synthesis of 19 ammonium salts as well as the characterization of their physicochemical properties and the evaluation of their microbiological activities. We carried out the elaboration of surfaces starting from a model surface: gold. After treatment, surfaces are modified by the molecules previously synthesized and characterized by XPS, electrochemistry and contact angle. From this study, we selected the molecules in order to carrying out the modification of stainless steel surfaces. All modified surfaces are evaluated for their antimicrobial properties
Genu-Dellac, Corinne. "Synthèse de nouveaux analogues nucléosidiques à visée antivirale." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20179.
Full textBeauchard, Anne. "Synthèse de composés hétérocycliques à visée anti-cancéreuse." La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS175.
Full textIn an effort to develope new inhibitors of kinases as anticancer agents, we synthetized original indirubins and azaindirubins substituted in position 5, 5’, 6 and 7. Because of the poor water solubility and low bioavailability, monoxime analogs were also prepared. The effect on cyclin dependant kinase, glycogene synthase kinase-3 and on the survival of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were estimated. On the other hand, we synthetized thiazoloindolo[3,2-c]quinolin which are closed to natural alcaloid. We reinvestigated the Graebe-Ullmann condensation under micro-wave. A new scaffold 7H-4,5-diaza-benzo[de]anthracen which is structurally closed to dercitin, a marine alkaloid, was identified. The effect on breast cancers cells, potential DNA intercalating and topoisomerase inhibition were also discussed
Zerbib, Carine. "Biomatériaux à visée antimicrobienne : application au biofilm oral." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4068.
Full textCandidal adherence to denture acrylic surfaces is implicated as the first step in the pathogenesis of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Our research project focuses on the synthesis of new antifungal denture base resin for the prevention of denture stomatisis. We first realized the modification of nystatin (antifungal polyene) in one step by reaction with isocyanatoethylmethacrylate to afford a polymerisable antifungal agent in good yield (90%). The purpose of the other part of this study was to covalently graft nystatin to a new copolymer isocyanatoethylmethacrylate-co-methylmethacrylate and examine the effect of this antifungal agent on the growth of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. In vitro adhesion assay showed reduction of the number of viable cells on the graft copolymer versus non graft copolymer and the inhibition disc test revealed no release of antifungal agent
Joly, Delphine. "Génétique moléculaire de la floraison de la vigne." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/JOLY_Delphine_2005.pdf.
Full textThe control of grapevine yield is a major element for viticulture. A decrease of yield would resolve the world wine overproduction, while increasing the quality of the harvest and the wines. The making of grapevine yield is primarily based on the number of inflorescences (bud fertility) and on the flower number produced by the vine. The whole stages leading to flowering was the subject of many researches since more than one century, but the molecular "keys" of grapevine flowering remained unknown until 2001. Many genes involved in the floral development of Arabidopsis thaliana, in particular the AtLEAFY gene, major actor, were characterized during last fifteen years, thus opening a new field of research on the developmental biology of the plants, and in particular on floral initiation. Based on this knowledge, we could clone VvLEAFY gene. The expression analysis of VvLEAFY, and other flowering genes VvTFL1, VvAP1, VvSEP3 and VvAG gave us the first molecular elements of the floral development in grapevine. From a Riesling clones collection showing a different fertility, a study was carried out to verify if the character "fertility" could be expressed by the transcripts level of VvLEAFY or VvTFL1 genes. A clone with strong fertility and one with weak fertility were studied. The analysis by quantitative RT PCR showed that the ratio of VvTFL1 and VvLEAFY transcripts were different between the two clones. Our results suggest that the transcripts level of VvLEAFY and VvTFL1 are associated to the numbers of inflorescences and flowers. Our work shows that a gene expression analysis could explain the phenotype differences in for the fertility. These approaches suggest that inter-clonale variability, appeared during the vegetative multiplication as a result of genetic evolutions. This work could be continued by the search of the origins of this expression variation. In addition, an application of these results could be to develop a tool for characterization of the clone yield (bud fertility and a number of berries per bunch) at the molecular level, which would facilitate the clonale selection for the yield
Essamkaoui, Mustapha. "Synthèse d'immunohexahydrodibenzofuranes à visée analgésique et/ou antitussive." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114809.
Full textNamil, Abdelmoula. "Nouveaux analogues de la dopamine à visée ophtalmologique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE18004.
Full textCourant, Thomas. "Nanoparticules incorporant des complexes inorganiques à visée diagnostique." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS005/document.
Full textThe goal of this work was to encapsulate metal complexes into biocompatible nanoparticles for diagnostics. To reach this purpose, a double emulsion-solvent diffusion Wi/O/We technique was optimized, using only biocompatible compounds. It allowed the obtention of PLGA nanoparticles that are compatible with parenteral injections in a reproducible and quantitative way. This formulation was successfully applied to encapsulate model Cu(II)complexes. Optimal formulations showed mean diameters below 200 nm with encapsulation yields in the 20-25 % range. The use of this formulation for gadolinium chelates did not lead to satisfactory encapsulation yields. Thereafter, a Wi/O1/O2 methodology was developed but could not allow to raise the encapsulation efficiencies. This point showed the lack of affinity between the hydrophobic polymer and the hydrophilic chelates. The use of nanoparticles made of an hydrophilic matrix showed a ten-fold increase in the drug loading efficiency. This confirms the hypothesis in which interactions between chelates and nanoparticle matrices play a crucial role for encapsulation
Ferras, Catherine. "Châteaux de la vigne en Biterrois et Narbonnais /." Montpellier : Université Paul Valéry, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35091240z.
Full textThèse soutenue sous le titre : "Architecture privée au XIXe siècle, les châteaux du vignoble en Bas-Languedoc occidental" Bibliogr. p. 135-153.
Riffault, Mathieu. "Évaluation biologique d’un vecteur nanoparticulaire à visée ostéoarticulaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0094.
Full textOne of the major issues with treatment of osteoarticular diseases is reaching cells or tissue inside the joint. Administration of an active compound by intravenous or per os requires elevated amount to be effective, and can initiate systemic and negative side effects. In this work we have evaluated a drug delivery system for hydrophilic molecule, which can be used for articular tissues. Polymeric nanoparticles of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, labelled with a fluorescent dye were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. These nanoparticles are covered with hyaluronic acid to favor particles-cells interaction. We demonstrated here that such particles are internalized after 8 hours of exposure in synoviocytes, chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and inflammation revealed the neutrality of these particles for articular cell types. Finally, intraarticular injections of particles were performed in healthy rat joint and in pathological models. Histological analyses of extracellular matrix integrity and inflammatory status do not demonstrate any side-effect following particles injections. These healthy nano-device target primarily synovial cells, and their degradation inside cells does not provoke deleterious effects. This PLGA based drug delivery system would be used to safely deliver active molecules to the joint. The combination of these particles with various hydrophilic molecules (as nucleic acid, drugs,…) may allow their direct distribution in the joint, and lead to new therapeutics perspectives
Benizri, Sébastien. "Synthèses et études d’oligonucléotides amphiphiles à visée thérapeutique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0116.
Full textOligonucleotides are short nucleic acid molecules able to modulate or inhibit gene expression. However the main drawback of oligonucleotides lies in their poor cellular internalization, which limit their therapeutic applications. Herein, to overcome this limitation, oligonucleotides were conjugated to biocompatible molecules as a nucleolipid to either the 5'- or the 3'-end. First, physico-chemical properties and binding behaviour of this newly compound were investigated. Then in vitro and in vivo biological assays were performed to characterize but also understand the cellular internalization pathways and their biological activities. Finally, the amphiphilic nature of the oligonucleotide-nucleolipid confers spontaneously self-assembling properties for drugs loading and vectorization purposes. This Ph.D. thesis focuses on new oligonucleotide bioconjugates for various biological applications. Sequences of nucleotides can also be modulated to specifically bind to the therapeutic target. This tuneable technology is actually used in 13 different projects, including hormone-dependent cancers, leukemia, chronic neurological disorders and antibiotic resistance, for example
Fetiveau, Lucile. "Nanoparticules de réseaux de coordination à visée théranostique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS298/document.
Full textPersonal medicine is the future to treat cancer. To address this concern, researchers started to develop objects which can be effective for both diagnostic and treatment in a short time. A new domain has emerged: theranostic (therapy and diagnostic). Nanoparticles are a promising answer to this problematic. Synthesizing these objects implies to control size, morphology and chemical composition of the particles. Prussian blue analogues are coordination polymers with cyanide bridges which are considerable studied for their magnetic properties, but also for medical application. The size (nanometric), the porosity, the presence of water molecules and the high chemical versatility are the key argument to make Prussian blue good candidates as contrast agent for MRI. This network is also effective for photothermal therapy. Synthesis of Prussian blue doped with GdIII or MnII and study of the chemical and structural properties is one of the aspects developed during this thesis. Relaxivity and photothermal therapy performances have been measured. In order to conduct in vivo experiments, evolution of our nanoparticles in appropriate media have been evaluated which led to the development of an optimal system. During this thesis, new nanoparticles composed of heavy ions such as platinum or palladium, called cyanosols, have been elaborated to be used as radiosensitizers for hadrontherapy. Cyanosols are linked by cyanide bridge to other metallic ions. After the optimization of their synthesis, chemical characterization (size, structure and composition) was done to highlight some systems based, on platinum and iron as well as platinum and gold, which will be studied for hadrontherapy applications. The purpose of this future work is to create new theranostic nanoplatforms combining MRI and hadrontherapy
Beretta, Margaux. "Synthèse d'analogues de la gougérotine à visée antifongique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS484/document.
Full textIn the current context of the world demographic explosion, agricultural yields need to be as high as possible. The use of efficient and environment friendly pesticides has therefore become essential. In the framework of the discovery of new compounds, natural products remain an important source of inspiration. Among them, we focused on gougerotin, a peptidylnucleoside isolated from a bacteria in the 60’s which possess a broad spectrum of biologic activities. In order to improve antifungal potential and decrease the phytotoxicity of gougerotin, several analogues have been synthesized replacing the natural nucleobase. N-glycosylation is one of the key-reaction in peptidylnucleoside synthesis. During the synthesis of the analogues, a study of the N-glycosylation was carried out with three different donors and several bases. Protectives tests were realized with many pathogens to evaluate antifungal activity of our compounds and a structure-activity relationship was established
Bonnardot, Valérie. "Le climat et la vigne en Bourgogne orientale : climatologie appliquée et recherches d'indices climatiques pour la vigne en Côte de Beaune." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOL031.
Full textThis thesis deals with climate and vineyard in burgundy. Climatic resources and risks results for burgundy winegrowing area has been established. The great lines of the climate, which depend on the geographical situation, where the oceanic, continental and mediterranean influences are meeting, has been displayed using a comparison with other great winegrowing areas in France. But the real climatic advantages for the vineyard is realised in the inferior scale, the cote, between plateau and the eastern plain of Saône. Some main topoclimatic elements are given. The second point of the research is orientated towards the determination of climatic indices for pinot noir grape in the cote de Beaune. Phenological dates (of budding, flowering, ripening and harvest) are estimated using correlations, composite analysis and linear regression methods. Results show that differences between real and estimated dates are small by 3 or 6 days
Koussa, Tayeb. "Recherches sur l'acide abscissique et l'abscissate de ß-D-glucopyranose des feuilles et des bourgeons de vigne." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR20186.
Full textCesar, Rodo Elena. "Synthèse totale de (aza) naphtoquinones polysubstituées à visée antiparasitaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF043/document.
Full textMalaria and schistosomiasis are tropical parasitic diseases, which affect more than 800 million people worldwide, especially in developing countries. Multidrug-resistance of malarial strains toward broadly used antimalarial drug treatment (e.g. chloroquine, quinine) has spread all over the world in the last five decades. Despite the humanitarian emergency, pharmaceutical industries are not investing in the research and production of new therapies for diseases of poverty.In order to develop new potential ethical drugs against these parasites, a library of polysubstituted 3-benzyl-2-methylnaphthoquine derivatives functionalized at the benzylic core were previously synthetized in the host laboratory. Despite the strong antimalarial activity of an identified lead compound, the infected mice were not totally cured, suggesting that the naphthoquinones are rapidly metabolized under biological conditions.A platform of synthetic methodologies has been established in order to produce, via straightforward routes, new polysubstituted benzylmenadione derivatives functionalized at the aromatic ring of the naphthoquinone core, and to improve their pharmacokinetic properties by (i) increasing their half-life, solubility, bioavailability, (ii) modifying their redox potentials, and (iii) studying their active metabolites. The synthetic methodologies exemplified with 50 described compounds provide the structure–activity relationships as the basis for the development of new cheminformatics tools to be used in redox medicinal chemistry
Chaabane, Saif. "Guide de développement d'un réseau social à visée pédagogique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30579/30579.pdf.
Full textSocial networks know growing popularity that is attracting more and more education world. They are virtual spaces that enrich the educational experience. A variety of software was proposed to create social networks. But, the literature does not indicate how to proceed to develop educational social networks. To this end, a comparison of available tools to create social network was made and a guide for the development of such networks was proposed. This guide is generic and presents, in concise and well-detailed steps, the approach to be undertaken for developing educational social networks. It can be used independently of the objectives of setting up a given educational social network, and independently of the specific needs of its users. In order to illustrate the use of the guide, we have developed the educational social network of the University of Koudougou.