Relevant bibliographies by topics / Views trade

Academic literature on the topic 'Views trade'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Views trade"

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LEPKOWSKI, WIL. "Commerce Economist Challenges Administration Trade Views." Chemical & Engineering News 63, no. 39 (September 30, 1985): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v063n039.p012.

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Struthers, Karen, and Glenda Strachan. "Attracting women into male-dominated trades: Views of young women in Australia." International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training 6, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.6.1.1.

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Context: The persistent low female participation in male-dominated trades is not attracting a high level of public attention and policy action. There are determined, yet adhoc actions by advocates in response to evidence that economic benefits will be derived for industry and women through increased female participation in the male-dominated trades. Occupational segregation of the trades remains resistant to change. Methods: To better understand the barriers limiting female participation in the male-dominated trades from the perspective of young women, this PhD study features interviews with female secondary students, complemented by interviews with industry stakeholders and a quantitative analysis of VET and trade participation data. The three primary research questions are: 1) What is the extent of gender segregation in vocational education and training (VET) and typically male-dominated trades in Australia, and how does this compare internationally? 2) Why do very few female students choose male-dominated trades as their job pathway? 3) What can be done, particularly in the education and training sectors, to increase female interest in, and take-up of, the male-dominated trades? Findings: The results of this research showed that the composition of trade-qualified females in male-dominated trades is persistently low at 2-3%. The views of young women affirmed the evidence showing system-wide barriers limit female interest in these trades. Most influential is that gender stereotypes of work are set by Year 10 and that female enrolment in Maths (a pre-requisite for male-dominated careers) is low; these trades are seen as “jobs for the boys who don’t do academic,” and the fear of intimidation and harassment deters young women. Low enrolment of female students in male-dominated trade courses indicates that this entrenched occupational segregation of the trades will remain resistant to change for some time to come. Conclusion: The findings indicate that ad hoc responses to overcome gender segregation of the trades is not effective. Influenced by systems theory and a social ecological model (SEM) of change, the researchers promote the need for sustained, nation-wide awareness and action involving VET and school sectors, industry, government and trade unions to attract more women into male-dominated trades.
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Storm, Servaas. "Development, Trade or Aid? UN Views on Trade, Growth and Poverty." Development and Change 36, no. 6 (November 2005): 1239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0012-155x.2005.00462.x.

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Hilpert, H. G. "Two American Views on Trade with Japan." Social Science Japan Journal 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2002): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/05.1.103.

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Prakash, Jay, and T. V. Vijay Kumar. "Multi-Objective Materialized View Selection Using Improved Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 9, no. 2 (July 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaiml.2019070101.

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A data warehouse system uses materialized views extensively in order to speedily tackle analytical queries. Considering that all possible views cannot be materialized due to maintenance cost and storage constraints, the selection of an appropriate set of views to materialize that achieve an optimal trade-off among query response time, maintenance cost, and the storage constraint becomes an essential necessity. The selection of such an appropriate set of views for materialization is referred to as the materialized views selection problem, which is an NP-Complete problem. In the last two decades, several new selection approaches, based on heuristics, have been proposed. Most of these have used a single objective or weighted sum approach to address the various constraints. In this article, an attempt has been made to address the bi-objective materialized view selection problem, where the objective is to minimize the view evaluation cost of materialized views and the view evaluation cost of the non-materialized views, using the Improved Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed multi-objective view selection algorithm is able to select the Top-K views that achieves a reasonable trade-off between the two objectives. Materializing these selected views would reduce the query response times for analytical queries and thereby facilitates the decision-making process.
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Temin, Peter. "Two Views of the British Industrial Revolution." Journal of Economic History 57, no. 1 (March 1997): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700017927.

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There are two views of the British Industrial Revolution in the literature today. The more traditional description sees the Industrial Revolution as a broad change in the British economy and society. This broad view of the Industrial Revolution has been challenged by Crafts and Harley who see the Industrial Revolution as the result of technical change in only a few industries. This article presents a test of these views using the Ricardian model of international trade with many goods. British trade data are used to implement the test and discriminate between the two views of the Industrial Revolution.
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Batty, Rob. "Conceptual confusing similarity and pictorial trade marks." Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 11, no. 4 (January 4, 2022): 409–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/qmjip.2021.04.01.

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Several high-profile rebrands, including those by Twitter and Starbucks, have involved removing text from logos. This move towards wordless, pictorial trade marks raises a difficult question about how the scope of protection of a registered trade mark should be determined. This article examines the particular issue of how much weight should be given to the idea or concept underlying a pictorial mark when assessing whether a defendant’s junior mark is ‘confusingly similar’. Drawing on legal principles and case examples from Europe, the United Kingdom, Singapore and New Zealand, it is claimed that courts and adjudicators should be careful not to overweight conceptual similarity. It is argued that a lack of care in assessing conceptual similarity risks awarding one trader overbroad protection, which may be tantamount to conferring on one trader a monopoly in an idea. A lack of care may also undermine the logic of a registration system by untethering protection from what is recorded on the Register, and may make trade mark law less predictable and certain. * The author declares that he was junior counsel in a case discussed in this article, Carabao Tawandang Co Ltd v Red Bull GmbH HC Wellington CIV-2005-485-1975, 31 August 2006. The views represented in this article are the author’s own, and do not reflect the views of his employer at the time, or the views of the client represented in that particular case.
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Ramadoni, M. Desta, and Badrun Badrun. "Perdagangan Arab dan Kedatangan Islam ke Nusantara: Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Orientalis." Local History & Heritage 2, no. 1 (May 10, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.57251/lhh.v2i1.313.

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Debating the arrival of Islam in the archipelago, many historians have their own views and arguments. Arab trade in the archipelago has left very clear traces. This trace is compared as evidence of the early emergence of Islam. Thomas W. Arnold, John Crawfurd, L. W. C Van den Berg and Michael Laffan are figures who have the opinion that Arab traders had an important role in the process of entering Islam in the archipelago. This research is a theoretical study with the concept of library research which reconstructs the thoughts and views of these figures to see the influence of Arab traders in the archipelago. Even in the 2nd century BC Arab traders traded with Sri Lanka. The trading ability of the Arabs then solidified their dominance in the West-Eastern trade world which has intensified since the 7th century AD. Although some experts doubt the ability of Arab traders and their relations in the spread of Islam, Arab trading activities have been able to contribute to the Islamic world in the archipelago.
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Woolcock, Stephen. "US Views on 1992." National Institute Economic Review 134 (November 1990): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019013400107.

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North American, and in particular US views of 1992 must be seen in the broad political context of transatlantic relations. The US has shown consistent support for the idea of European integration. Initially this took the form of linking Marshall aid to greater European economic cooperation, then organised by the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC). There was also strong political support for Monnet's supranational approach to European integration as a means of helping to bring about Franco-German reconciliation and to stabilise Europe. In the early days of European integration there were strategic and political reasons for American concerns to see a stronger (Western) Europe. The possible adverse effects of economic integration for the US were seen as more than manageable, given the strength of the US economy in relation to those of the European countries. With the promise of enhanced markets for US exports and US production the creation of the EEC was seen as being trade creating rather than trade diverting.
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Crook, John R. "U.S. Views on Illicit Trade in Conventional Weapons." American Journal of International Law 100, no. 4 (October 2006): 957–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000758003.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Views trade"

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Tiranutti, Vilailuk. "Farmers and free trade : views from the rice and soybean farmers in Thailand." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437944.

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Beltran, Daniela, and Sardor Djurabaev. "Influence of free labour and services movement in integration of EU : Swedish trade unions and business society views." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5910.

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The expansion of European union has posed vital changes in the European community as countries have erased their borders for their eastern neighbours and actively involved themselves in mutual business activity. Free movement of labour and service has taken place,and though some Western countries have posed obstacles for the further integration, the trend is currently occurring. In this paper we will try to take a closer look at the labour and service

movement in Sweden and cover different views from different parties – EU, Swedish tradeunions, business companies that would share their perspectives on the issue.

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Feng, Xiangnan. "How will RFID influence the retail environment in New Zealand? an investigation of the views of the retail sector : a dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Computer and Information Sciences (MCIS), 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/782.

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Bredeby, Rickard. "Analysis of Copula Opinion Pooling with Applications to Quantitative Portfolio Management." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168200.

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In 2005 Attilio Meucci presented his article Beyond Black-Litterman: Views on Non-Normal Markets which introduces the copula opinion pooling approach using generic non-normal market assumptions. Copulas and opinion pooling are used to express views on the market which provides a posterior market distribution that smoothly blends an arbitrarily distributed market prior distribution with arbitrarily chosen views. This thesis explains how to use this method in practice and investigates its performance in different investment situations. The method is tested on three portfolios, each showing some different feature. The conclusions that can be drawn are e.g. that the method can be used in many different investment situations in many different ways, implementation and calculations can be made within a few seconds for a large data set and the method could be useful for portfolio managers using mathematical methods. The presented examples together with the method generate reasonable results.
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Mkonza, Qhinga Aidan. "A common law view of "carrying on a trade"." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60888.

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The term “trade” is defined in very wide terms in the Income Tax Act and includes a “business” and a “venture”. For a taxpayer to claim certain deductions in arriving at taxable income, the taxpayer must be carrying on a trade. The expression “carrying on a trade” is not defined in the Income Tax Act. Whether or not a taxpayer is carrying on a trade is a matter of fact. Case law has established certain principles and tests to be applied in determining whether a taxpayer is carrying on a trade. The goal of the thesis was to determine to what extent an activity can be considered as carrying on a trade. This research focused on the letting of property, money-lending, or farming operations in relation to carrying on a trade or business or engaging in a venture. The thesis also discussed at what stage a taxpayer ceases to carry on a trade and what the tax consequences are of ceasing to trade. An interpretative research approach was used in the research as it sought to understand and describe. No interviews conducted for this research and the data used for the research are publicly available. It was established that “carrying on a trade”, including a business, requires an active step taken by the taxpayer to trade. It involves regularity of buying and selling or rendering of services. The intention to trade is important but it is a subjective matter and cannot be persuasive in determining whether a taxpayer is carrying on a trade; objective factors are also considered. If the stated intention to trade matches the actions of the taxpayer, the taxpayer will be considered to be carrying on a trade. In determining whether a taxpayer is carrying on a trade each case must be considered with its own merits.
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com, A. ariffin@yahoo, and Anuar Ariffin. "The free trade doctrine, regionalism, the asean free trade area and their effects on trade and trade policy." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071130.140815.

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This thesis examines a number of issues concerning the free trade doctrine, regionalism and Regional Free Trade Areas (FTAs), with a special focus on the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). This study is broadly divided into three parts. The first part examines the doctrine of free trade from the perspectives of ideological belief as well as theoretical expositions, and how these influence trade policies of many countries throughout the history of trade. The second part of the study analyses the forces that influence the formation of regionalism and regional FTAs all over the world. In the first and second parts, an extensive survey of the existing literature is undertaken to unearth relevant ideas and events, which are important to policy makers and the general public. The third part of the study deals primarily with empirical investigation of the economic effects brought about by the formation of regional FTAs. Two main issues are examined in this part. The first issue is the assessment of the effects that regional FTAs have on trade of members against other countries that do not become members of any economic groupings. The second issue is the examination of the effect of AFTA on trade of member vis-à-vis non-member countries. In addition, this part also examines the question of whether AFTA “creates” or “diverts” trade. For the purpose of addressing issues grouped in this part of the study, a gravity model is employed to answer the questions of interest. This part of the study covers a period of 24 years (1980-2003). Cross sectional data involving 990 pairs of countries, which trade with each other, are used in regression analysis based on the Ordinary Least Square technique. Findings from the first and second parts of the study indicate that trade between countries during the era of mercantilism (1500s-1750s) was carried out under enormous restrictions in consonance with the thinking of that time. However, by the end of eighteenth century the economic arguments in favour of free trade began to be accepted, resulting in the adoption of the free trade idea into the commercial policies of many countries, particularly in Europe in the middle of nineteenth century. The period characterized by unilateral free trade regimes lasted only about three decades, as protectionist elements made a return into trade policy formulation in the 1870s. The period of liberal trade policy regimes came to a complete end at the breakout of the First World War in 1914, and the protectionist trade policies of many countries continued to strengthen their grip until the Second World War. After WW2 ended in 1945, many countries realised that security and the orderly conduct of international trade were important to ensure continuous prosperity of the world. This led to series of negotiations involving major trading countries that resulted in the establishment of the GATT in 1947. The main thrust behind this initiative was that all trading nations must cooperate to liberalize their trade policies, reflecting the idea that countries should move towards adopting “freer” trade policy than the regime they adopted in the 1930s and the early 1940s. At the end of 1990s the world once again observed agreement amongst prominent trade economists for the case of pursuing free trade policy. This is due to the renewed recognition by economists of two important propositions: (1) if market failures remain unfixed, then pursing free trade policy can harm rather that help, and (2) if market failures are fixed through suitable policy interventions, then free trade can be used to exploit the potential gains from trade. Within the second proposition, economists emphasis that if market failures arise in domestic markets, then the most appropriate policy interventions would be to devise policies targeting at correcting those domestic market failures, while free trade is maintained externally. Findings from empirical assessment of the effects of regional FTAs on trade indicate that economic theory might be able to approximate reality. One important result of this part of the study suggests that three regional FTAs, AFTA, CER and MERCUSOR have had an intra-bloc trade intensifying effect in recent years, particularly since the early 2000s. This implies that trade among members of these economic groupings is higher than their trade with other countries. Meanwhile, the EU and NAFTA do not show an intra-bloc trade intensifying effect for any part of the study period. The other important result obtained by this study suggests that although AFTA member countries trade with each other, comparatively, more than their trade with the rest of the world, the intensity of trade between them is less pronounced for the period after the formation of AFTA. This implies that AFTA has the characteristic of an “open trading bloc”. Lastly, the finding of this part of the study also suggests that AFTA essentially creates rather than diverts trade. This means that AFTA’s establishment does not only increase trade among member countries but it also boosts trade with the rest of the world.
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TSENG, ERIC H. "Trade Costs and Quality: Issues in International Trade." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460387677.

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Eum, Jihyun. "Essays on Product Quality, Trade Costs, and Trade Liberalization." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500505005414076.

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Bennett, Anthony Joseph William. "The implications of trade union merger : a view from the grassroots." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2001. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/21747/.

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July 1st 1993 witnessed the creation of UNISON, with 1.3 million members, the largest trade union in Britain. The thesis analyses the effects of this merger between NUPE, NALGO and COHSE on the grassroots activists of the union. Much valuable industrial relations research exists on the causes and consequences of trade union mergers at the macro-level of the movement and at the meso-level of the individual union. The thesis complements and builds on this knowledge by focusing on the experiences and feelings of the lay activists at two UNISON branches over a two-and-a-half-year period following the amalgamation of their former union branches. Although also drawing on secondary data, the study is based primarily on a qualitative analysis of empirical data. In identifying that few theoretical and analytical constructs currently exist in trade union literature to study the implications of merger at the micro-level, the thesis employs theories and concepts drawn from the field of organisation studies. In this way, the thesis also offered an opportunity to test the efficacy of applying analytical tools to an organisation seldom considered in organisation studies. Specifically, the thesis utilises perspectives of organisational culture to analyse the aspects of consensus, conflict and ambiguity that arose out of the merger. Furthermore, in order to consider the subjective elements of a merger for the individual activist, the thesis draws on the theoretical and analytical concepts of ideology, metaphor, power and identity. The thesis demonstrates that only through the utilisation of such tools and theories of organisation analysis can the experiences and feelings of the lay activists with respect to the merger become more fully understood. The thesis further highlights the centrality of the values and beliefs an activist draws from their trade union ideology, the role conflict that they must often manage, the importance of knowledge acquisition for the individual, and the strategies of identity construction individuals undertake when confronted by an organisational change such as merger.
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JENKINS, JAMES GILBERT. "NEW WORLD TRADE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1053541827.

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Books on the topic "Views trade"

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Savery, Lawson K. Trade union effectiveness: Some community views. Murdoch, WA: Western Australian Labour Market Research Centre, 1990.

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Baldwin, Robert E. Are economists' traditional trade policy views still valid? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.

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Georgiady, Peter. Views and reviews: Golf clubs in the trade press. Greensboro, N.C: Airlie Hall Press, 1996.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. and American Bar Association. Standing Committee on Customs Law., eds. American Bar Association views in opposition to H.R. 5550. [Chicago?: The Association?, 1994.

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Andrew, Clark. Trade union utility functions: A survey of union leaders' views. [Colchester]: University of Essex, Dept. of Economics, 1991.

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Andrew, Clark. Trade union utility functions: A survey of union leaders' views. Oxford: Oxford University, Institute for Economics and Statistics, 1992.

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Andrew, Clark. Trade union utility functions: A survey of union leaders' views. Colchester: ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, 1991.

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Lusterman, Seymour. Foreign competition and U.S. trade policies: Executive views and company activities. New York, N.Y. (845 3rd Ave., New York 10022): Conference Board, 1985.

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1974-, Kattel Rainer, Kregel J. A, and Reinert Erik S. 1949-, eds. Ragnar Nurkse: Trade and development. New York, NY: Anthem Press, 2009.

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Meredith, Guy. Debt dynamics and global imbalances: Some conventional views reconsidered. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Views trade"

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van Uhm, Daan P. "Overarching Views and the Future." In The Illegal Wildlife Trade, 255–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42129-2_10.

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Borkakoti, J. "Views on Synthesis of the Neofactor Proportions and Neotechnology Hypotheses." In International Trade: Causes and Consequences, 350–65. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27014-9_23.

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Saldaña-Zorrilla, Sergio O. "Stakeholders’ views in reducing vulnerability and resilience building." In Natural Disasters, Foreign Trade and Agriculture in Mexico, 89–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17359-7_6.

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Marshall, Kimball P. "Manufacturing Executives’ Views of Competitive Challenges That Affect International Trade." In Proceedings of the 1994 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 149–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13162-7_36.

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Lagerkvist, Johan. "Chinese and African Views on Chinese Aid and Trade in Africa." In Challenging the Aid Paradigm, 166–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230277281_7.

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Seitz, R. Zackary, and Prentice Chandler. "How Did European Views on Race Lead to the African Slave Trade?" In Inquiry-Based Global Learning in the K–12 Social Studies Classroom, 83–96. New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429331497-10.

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Petter, Brian, and Reinhard Quick. "The Politics of TDI and the Different Views in EU Member States: Necessary Safety-Valve or Luxurious Rent-Seeking Device?" In The Future of Trade Defence Instruments, 17–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95306-9_2.

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Moore, Barbara, and James Sacouman. "Chapter 9: Policy Issues in the Trade Union Movement: Two Views from Labour." In From the Net to the Net, edited by James Sacouman and Henry Veltmeyer, 169–88. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442602618-011.

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Hisrich, Robert D., and Michael P. Peters. "Views of Trade Activity with the Former Soviet Union and China by U.S. Manufacturers." In The Global Business, 367–87. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315863917-24.

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Flaherty, Kate. "Abolition and the Actress: Fanny Kemble's Evolving Views on Slavery and Gendered Exploitation in Labour and Trade." In Touring Performance and Global Exchange 1850–1960, 171–88. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003055860-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Views trade"

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Stump, Gary, Sara Lego, Mike Yukish, Timothy W. Simpson, and Joseph A. Donndelinger. "Visual Steering Commands for Trade Space Exploration: User-Guided Sampling With Example." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34684.

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Recent advancements in computing power and speed provide opportunities to revolutionize trade space exploration, particularly for the design of complex systems such as automobiles, aircraft, and spacecraft. In this paper, we introduce three Visual Steering Commands to support trade space exploration and demonstrate their use within a powerful data visualization tool that allows designers to explore multidimensional trade spaces using glyph, 1-D and 2-D histogram, 2-D scatter, scatter matrix, and parallel coordinate plots; linked views; brushing; preference shading and Pareto frontier display. In particular, we define three user-guided samplers that enable designers to explore (1) the entire design space, (2) near a point of interest, or (3) within a region of high preference. We illustrate these three samplers with a vehicle configuration model that evaluates the technical feasibility of new vehicle concepts. Future research is also discussed.
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Makrevska Disoska, Elena, Irena Kikerkova, and Katerina Toshevska- Trpchevska. "COVID-19 CHALLENGES FOR EU EXTRA AND INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0011.

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The current COVID-19 crisis will take a severe toll upon the world and the EU economy. Exports and imports between member-states account for around 30.6% of EU GDP (average value for the period 2007-2018) and some EU economies are particularly exposed to the crisis due to their strong trade and value chain linkages. The trade with the rest of the world also decreased by mid-March 2020, and Rotterdam’s traffic from China fell for 20% compared to the same period in 2019. This paper estimates the different impact of the intra- EU trade and extra-EU trade on EU GDP growth. By separating extra-EU trade flows from intra-EU trade flows and using cross-section fixed method, panel least squares for the period 2008-2018, we obtained results that confirm that trade exchange within EU has significantly higher effect on per capita economic growth in comparison with trade exchange with countries outside the EU (taking in consideration the sample of EU-27 countries, excluding Great Britain).The findings prove that the current measures proposed by the EU institutions are essential for sustaining the function of the Internal Market and for EU growth prospects. Despite all efforts to remain united against the rising global challenges under the COVID-19 crisis, the Union is growing further apart. The member-states are imposing restrains on the internal trade flows thus jeopardizing the achieved positive effects of trade liberalization. It is certain that the financial crisis from 2008 caused increased Euro scepticism. Therefore differences in national views and priorities must be taken into account in order to reach a democratic compromise within the EU that is going to be both effective and legitimate in order to confront the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemics. The solidarity among member-states is challenged once again.
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"What Is the Nature and Causes of the Sino-US Trade War: A Summary of the Views of Chinese Scholars." In 2020 International Conference on Social Sciences and Social Phenomena. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0001120.

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Mojsovska, Silvana, and Predrag Bjelic. "NON-TARIFF MEASURES IN CEFTA 2006: PERSPECTIVES OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND SERBIA." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0019.

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This article addresses non-tariff measures applied in CEFTA 2006, analysed specifically from the perspective of two Parties – North Macedonia and Serbia. It provides insight into the business community’s views in each country with regard to the non-tariff measures noted in their trade within CEFTA, as well as comparison of the Macedonian and Serbian case of imposing, addressing and overcoming the non-tariff measures. The article derives on the findings of the empirical research conducted in parallel in both countries in June-August 2021 within the framework of the EU Funded GIZ Project: Support to the Regional Economic Integration. It also reflects relevant legislation, such as CEFTA 2006 Protocols. In terms of content, the article includes overview of the trade within CEFTA 2006 and focuses on the non-tariff measures relevant to North Macedonia and Serbia, in particular - sanitary and phytosanitary measures; technical barriers to trade; price control measures and trade facilitation measures, such as formalities connected with import, export and transit, along with the procedures of release and clearance of the goods. The analysis of the empirical information indicates that sanitary and phytosanitary measures and trade facilitation have been reported as most common problems by both parties, despite the CEFTA Protocols regulating some of the issues. The article’s conclusions mirror the findings of the research and provide recommendations about possibilities for overcoming the non-tariff measures in CEFTA 2006.
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Xie, Yupeng, Sarah Fachada, Daniele Bonatto, Mehrdad Teratani, and Gauthier Lafruit. "View Synthesis: LiDAR Camera versus Depth Estimation." In WSCG'2021 - 29. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision'2021. Západočeská univerzita, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/csrn.2021.3002.35.

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Depth-Image-Based Rendering (DIBR) can synthesize a virtual view image from a set of multiview images andcorresponding depth maps. However, this requires an accurate depth map estimation that incurs a high compu-tational cost over several minutes per frame in DERS (MPEG-I’s Depth Estimation Reference Software) even byusing a high-class computer. LiDAR cameras can thus be an alternative solution to DERS in real-time DIBR ap-plications. We compare the quality of a low-cost LiDAR camera, the Intel Realsense LiDAR L515 calibrated andconfigured adequately, with DERS using MPEG-I’s Reference View Synthesizer (RVS). In IV-PSNR, the LiDARcamera reaches 32.2dB view synthesis quality with a 15cm camera baseline and 40.3dB with a 2cm baseline.Though DERS outperforms the LiDAR camera with 4.2dB, the latter provides a better quality-performance trade-off. However, visual inspection demonstrates that LiDAR’s virtual views have even slightly higher quality thanwith DERS in most tested low-texture scene areas, except for object borders. Overall, we highly recommend usingLiDAR cameras over advanced depth estimation methods (like DERS) in real-time DIBR applications. Neverthe-less, this requires delicate calibration with multiple tools further exposed in the paper.
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Xie, Yupeng, Sarah Fachada, Daniele Bonatto, Mehrdad Teratani, and Gauthier Lafruit. "View Synthesis: LiDAR Camera versus Depth Estimation." In WSCG'2021 - 29. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision'2021. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/csrn.2021.3101.35.

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Depth-Image-Based Rendering (DIBR) can synthesize a virtual view image from a set of multiview images and corresponding depth maps. However, this requires an accurate depth map estimation that incurs a high compu- tational cost over several minutes per frame in DERS (MPEG-I’s Depth Estimation Reference Software) even by using a high-class computer. LiDAR cameras can thus be an alternative solution to DERS in real-time DIBR ap- plications. We compare the quality of a low-cost LiDAR camera, the Intel Realsense LiDAR L515 calibrated and configured adequately, with DERS using MPEG-I’s Reference View Synthesizer (RVS). In IV-PSNR, the LiDAR camera reaches 32.2dB view synthesis quality with a 15cm camera baseline and 40.3dB with a 2cm baseline. Though DERS outperforms the LiDAR camera with 4.2dB, the latter provides a better quality-performance trade- off. However, visual inspection demonstrates that LiDAR’s virtual views have even slightly higher quality than with DERS in most tested low-texture scene areas, except for object borders. Overall, we highly recommend using LiDAR cameras over advanced depth estimation methods (like DERS) in real-time DIBR applications. Neverthe- less, this requires delicate calibration with multiple tools further exposed in the paper.
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Tsai, Chung-Shin, Kuang-Hua Chang, and Jia-Yi Wang. "Integration Infrastructure for a Simulation-Based Design Environment." In ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1995-0729.

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Abstract In this paper, the integration infrastructure for a simulation-based design (SBD) environment for mechanical system design developed at Center for Computer-Aided Design at the University of Iowa is presented. The SBD environment comprises the integration infrastructure and workspaces/tools that exploit Computer Aided Design (CAD)/Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) and software engineering technologies in support of design of large scale mechanical systems. The principal functional components of the SBD environment are engineering workspaces and CAD/CAE tools that bring engineers, servicemen, and customers early in the product development process to assess design of the product concurrently. The infrastructure is based on the newly invented engineering views that allow engineers from various disciplines to view the product with their own perspectives. The infrastructure allows engineers to create CAD and simulation models of the mechanical system, access engineering workspaces and CAD/CAE tools to perform multidisciplinary engineering analyses, use planning tools to create and manage simulation processes, communicate and exchange engineering data, and conduct design trade-off analyses and make informed decisions to yield a robust optimum design. The presentation given in this paper assumes that simulation-based design activities are performed in the product detailed design stage. The environment is being extended to support concept design.
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Crawford, Isabella Christine, Stephanie Swartz, Belem Barbosa, and Susan Luck. "Employability Through Experiential Delivery of Intercultural Communication Skills Online." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11185.

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International trade, enabled by rapid technological advances, has had a profound effect on the way employees work and communicate in a borderless, virtual environment. Within this context, classroom collaboration through online virtual teams can be an effective strategy to enhance intercultural and employability skills. Research in this area advocates that using digital media to connect students with international classrooms is an easy and efficient way to develop intercultural competence. In this paper we describe and present the results of one such initiative. The authors have designed and implemented virtual and experiential intercultural communications assignments across four countries: Germany, Portugal, Scotland, and the United States. By creating virtual teams and then simulating a real-world team project, we have been able to study how students work with, and react to, teammates from other cultures. We explored students’ views and opinions on the expected outcomes of their international experience in virtual teams and the potential impact of online intercultural learning experiences on their future employability. The findings suggest that collaborative online international learning (COIL) can help to develop the kind of soft skills that employers value and need in the globalized workplace.
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Gencer, Ayşen Hiç, and Özlen Hiç. "A.Smith and the Classical School, K.Marx and the Marxist Socialism, J.M.Keynes and the Keynesian Revolution and the Subsequent Developments." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01166.

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Adam Smith is known as the founder of economics as a social science and also of economic liberalism (or termed as capitalism after Karl Marx) based on principles of non-intervention and non-protection by the governments to perfectly competitive markets. Over time, economic theory and resulting economic regime evolved: Interventions to improve the welfare of workers; infant-industry argument for limited trade protection; and most importantly, following the 1929 Great Depression, John Maynard Keynes and his macroeconomic system giving rise to less-than-full- employment equilibrium, hence the need for macro-economic level state interventions by means of monetary and fiscal policies. Evidently, liberal economic regime was modified but remained in essence; hence, it proved to be flexible and resilient. On the other hand, Marxist socialism, the doctrinaire challenge to capitalism, had virtually collapsed in the 1990's. The move of even the developing countries towards outward orientation and market economy at the national level is in line with Adam Smith's views; so is the establishment of the European Union and the like at the regional level, as well as the more recent move towards globalisation.
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Kraslanová, Michaela, and Zuzana Poláková. "Analýza kvality života Slovákov na základe korelácií indexu ľudského rozvoja s vybranými ukazovateľmi." In XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0068-2022-28.

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In many developed countries, the income of countries because of economic and trade activity has been growing for a long time, although the satisfaction of the population with life does not show a growing trend. Modern views on quality of life consider, in addition to economic indicators, e.g., income, consumption, GDP per capita, human development index, etc. to a greater extent, subjective evaluation. The aim of the article was to point out the existence or the absence of dependence between the development of quality of life in Slovakia using the human development index and various subjectively selected variables such as consumption of essential commodities such as wheat flour and bread but also avoidable mortality, years of healthy life, crude marriage rate and median age. Bakery commodities were included in the survey because, among other indicators, we had the partial goal of examining whether and how the consumption of essential foods such as e.g., bread affects quality of life.The article found the dependence between the consumption of the mentioned commodities, the median age, years of healthy life and the IRL based on multiple regression in the SAS software.
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Reports on the topic "Views trade"

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Baldwin, Robert. Are Economists' Traditional Trade Policy Views Still Valid? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3793.

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Peelle, E. Biomass stakeholder views and concerns: Environmental groups and some trade association. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/752982.

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Chang, Arturo, Thomas Ferguson, Jacob Rothschild, and Benjamin I. Page. Ambivalence About International Trade in Open- and Closed-ended Survey Responses. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp162.

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Spontaneous, open-ended survey responses can sometimes better reveal what is actually on people’s minds than small sets of forced-choice, closed questions. Our analysis of closed questions and trade-related open-ended responses to 2016 ANES “likes” and “dislikes” prompts indicate that Americans held considerably more complex, more ambivalent, and – in many cases – more negative views of international trade than has been apparent in studies that focus only on closed-ended responses. This paper suggests that contrast between open- and closed-question data may help explain why the effectiveness of Donald Trump’s appeals to trade resentments surprised many observers.
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Connors, Caitlin, Melanie Cohen, Sam Saint-Warrens, Fan Sissoko, Francesca Allen, Harry Cerasale, Elina Halonen, Nicole Afonso Alves Calistri, and Claire Sheppard. Psychologies of Food Choice: Public views and experiences around meat and dairy consumption. Food Standards Agency, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.zoc432.

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This report presents findings drawn from qualitative remote ethnography research with 24 UK participants conducted during July and August 2021, plus nine peer-to-peer interviews conducted by main sample participants with their friends and family. This research aimed to build on existing evidence in this area to fill gaps and provide an up-to-date snapshot of UK public experiences. Areas of focus included: Motivations for dietary choices Any gaps between consumer intention and behaviour Trade-offs and contextual differences (e.g. in vs. out-of home behaviours) The roles of specialist diets, substitution approaches, alternatives and ‘imitations’, locally/UK sourced meat and dairy, socio-demographics, culture and family Impact and role of food labelling and terminology The sample represented a range of variables including age, gender, nationality (England, Wales, Northern Ireland), urbanity/rurality, lifestage and household composition - and dietary profile (carnivore, ‘cutting down,’ vegetarian, vegan). This report was informed by an evidence review by the University of Bath on the factors underpinning the consumption of meat and dairy among the general public.
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Bergsen, Pepijn, Carolina Caeiro, Harriet Moynihan, Marianne Schneider-Petsinger, and Isabella Wilkinson. Digital trade and digital technical standards. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135133.

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There is increasing impetus for stronger cooperation between the US, EU and UK on digital technology governance. Drivers of this trend include the economic incentives arising from opportunities for digital trade; the ambition for digital technology governance to be underpinned by shared values, including support for a democratic, open and global internet; and the need to respond to geopolitical competition, especially from China. Two specific areas of governance in which there is concrete potential to collaborate, and in which policymakers have indicated significant ambitions to do so, are digital trade and digital technical standards. - To leverage strategic opportunities for digital trade, the US, EU and UK need to continue identifying and promoting principles based on shared values and agendas, and demonstrate joint leadership at the global level, including in the World Trade Organization (WTO) on e-commerce. - Policy actors in the US, EU and UK should work individually and collectively to build on the latest generation of digital trade agreements. This will help to promote closer alignment on digital rules and standards, and support the establishment of more up-to-date models for innovation and governance. - Collaborating on digital technical standards, particularly those underlying internet governance and emerging technologies, offers the US, EU and UK strategic opportunities to build a vision of digital technology governance rooted in multi-stakeholder participation and democratic values. This can provide a strong alternative to standards proposals such as China’s ‘New IP’ system. - Policy actors should seek to expand strategic cooperation on standards development among the US, EU and UK, among like-minded countries, and among states that are undecided on the direction of their technology governance, including in the Global South. They should also take practical steps to incorporate the views and expertise of the technology industry, the broader private sector, academia and civil society. By promoting best-practice governance models that are anticipatory, dynamic and flexible, transatlantic efforts for cooperation on digital regulation can better account for the rapid pace of technological change. Early evidence of this more forward-looking approach is emerging through the EU’s proposed regulation of digital services and artificial intelligence (AI), and in the UK’s proposed legislation to tackle online harms. The recently launched EU-US Trade and Technology Council is a particularly valuable platform for strengthening cooperation in this arena. But transatlantic efforts to promote a model of digital governance predicated on democratic values would stand an even greater chance of success if the council’s work were more connected to efforts by the UK and other leading democracies
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Mdoe, Ntengua S. Y., and Glead I. Mlay. Agricultural Commercialisation and the Political Economy of Value Chains: Tanzania Rice Case Study. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.011.

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This paper presents the political economy of rice commercialisation in Tanzania. It is based on a review of trade policies, regulations, strategies, and programmes implemented since the 1960s to promote rice commercialisation, and the views of key informants. Key findings that emerge from the review of literature and key informant interviews indicate that the performance of the value chain over time has been negatively affected by the combined effects of the policies, regulations, strategies, and programmes implemented concurrently.
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Krishna, Pravin. Preferential Trade Agreements and the World Trade System: A Multilateralist View. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17840.

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Moreno Pérez, Carlos, and Marco Minozzo. “Making Text Talk”: The Minutes of the Central Bank of Brazil and the Real Economy. Madrid: Banco de España, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/23646.

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This paper investigates the relationship between the views expressed in the minutes of the meetings of the Central Bank of Brazil’s Monetary Policy Committee (COPOM) and the real economy. It applies various computational linguistic machine learning algorithms to construct measures of the minutes of the COPOM. First, we create measures of the content of the paragraphs of the minutes using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Second, we build an uncertainty index for the minutes using Word Embedding and K-Means. Then, we combine these indices to create two topic-uncertainty indices. The first one is constructed from paragraphs with a higher probability of topics related to “general economic conditions”. The second topic-uncertainty index is constructed from paragraphs that have a higher probability of topics related to “inflation” and the “monetary policy discussion”. Finally, we employ a structural VAR model to explore the lasting effects of these uncertainty indices on certain Brazilian macroeconomic variables. Our results show that greater uncertainty leads to a decline in inflation, the exchange rate, industrial production and retail trade in the period from January 2000 to July 2019.
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Copeland, Brian, and M. Scott Taylor. Free Trade and Global Warming: A Trade Theory View of the Kyoto Protocol. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7657.

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Antweiler, Werner, and Daniel Trefler. Increasing Returns and All That: A View From Trade. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7941.

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