Journal articles on the topic 'Views on self-defense'
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1
Biernacki, Tomasz. "PROBLEMS OF PRE-EMPTIVE SELF DEFENSE – WHEN IS USE OF FORCE PERMITTED IN SELF-DEFENSE." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 1, no. XXIV (March 31, 2024): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4677.
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This article concentrates on setting the moment when use of force in self defense becomes justified under public international law and comments on occasionally postulated doctrine of pre-emptive self defense. The author identifies four views on that matter, represented by the scholars, shows their legal justifications and points out potential legal issues connected to their use, both from the legal and practical point of view. The article also presents examples of use of force in order to illustrate presented issues.
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Matviіenko, M., V. Didkovskyi, and L. Masenko. "Views on the social aspects of the emergence of martial arts as the basis of the development of combat sports - the basis of students’ special physical training for self-defense." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 3(162) (March 30, 2023): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.3k(162).51.
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The subject of this work is specific aspects of the formation of the psychological, intellectual, and physical readiness of a civilian for adversity and adequate actions in risk situations in the context of systematic preparation for self-defense. The purpose of the study was to clarify the views of the authors on the peculiarities of the development of martial arts and the adaptation of their elements into the system of combat sports as part of special physical training for self-defense. The content of the work complements the range of views on the conditions and content of physical training of students in the process of studying the educational discipline "basics of self-defense" and objectively draws attention to the topic of the origin and development of martial arts as the basis for an in-depth study of the forms, methods and means of self-defense and the creation of motivational components for mastering their wide spectrum of possibilities. The article presents the historical stages of the birth of martial arts as a social necessity to maintain military affairs at a high level.
The work substantiates the relevance of studies of students’ training in the formation of readiness for self-defense in moments of rapid emergence of negative problems associated with an extreme situation, the need for active defense against criminal actions. The views of the authors of scientific and pedagogical literature on the sociological features of the emergence of martial arts, the implementation of their methodical foundations in the context of training for combat sports and, as a result, special physical training for self-defense, are considered. The outline of the essence of the scientific novelty of the research is to direct attention to the study of social and historical prerequisites for the emergence of existing methods of self-defense and the vision of their deterministic options for development in the conditions of martial law. The conclusions emphasize the need to introduce aspects of the study of the causes and consequences of the emergence of certain forms, methods and means of ensuring special personal safety in terms of active physical defense into the educational material "the basis of self-defense".
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Didkovskyi, V., O. Kuzenkov, M. Matviіenko, and A. Sobolenko. "Boxing, kickboxing, combat section sambo as means of special physical training in forming students' skills and skills for self-defense." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 6(179) (June 21, 2024): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/udu-nc.series15.2024.6(179).18.
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The purpose of the study was to clarify the views of the authors on the methodological features of using sports training in martial arts (boxing, kickboxing, combat section of sambo) as a special physical training of students (civilians) for self-defense. In the work, a theoretical analysis of general characteristics and components in the directions of the educational and training process of various types of martial arts is carried out; separate signs of common features and differences are highlighted for synthesis into a comprehensive preparation for self-defense in extreme situations of confrontation with criminal attacks on a civilian. The novelty of the study should be considered the views proposed by the authors on the adaptation of the experience of some methodological features in the training of law enforcement officers to confront offenses by means of physical influence to the process of training students (civilians) for self-defense. The conclusions indicate the possibility of preparing students for self-defense by means of martial arts (boxing, kickboxing, combat section of sambo) with the provision of tactical, psychological, and legal training.
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Ahlin Marceta, Jesper. "Does Libertarian Self-Ownership Protect Freedom?" De Ethica 7, no. 1 (June 23, 2022): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/de-ethica.2001-8819.227119.
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Many libertarians assume that there is a close relation between an individual’s self-ownership and her freedom. That relation needs questioning. In this article it is argued that, even in a pre-property state, self-ownership is insufficient to protect freedom. Therefore, libertarians who believe in self-ownership should either offer a defense of freedom that is independent from their defense of self-ownership, make it explicit that they hold freedom as second to self-ownership (and defend that position), or reconsider the moral basis of their political views.
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Cicero, David C., and John G. Kerns. "Is Paranoia a Defence against or an Expression of Low Self–Esteem?" European Journal of Personality 25, no. 5 (September 2011): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.794.
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Paranoia has been hypothesized to be negatively correlated with self–esteem. However, hypotheses differ about how low self–esteem might produce paranoia. The paranoia as defense model views paranoia as a defensive reaction against low self–esteem. In contrast, the paranoia as expression model views paranoia in part as a reflection of low self–esteem. In the current study, paranoia was negatively associated with global explicit self–esteem, self–competence, self–liking and self–serving attributional style, but unassociated with implicit self–esteem as measured with the Implicit Association Test. In contrast, facets of narcissism, which also have been hypothesized to be associated with defensive self–processing, were associated with defensiveness. Overall, these results suggest that paranoia is better represented by the expression model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Nandan, BK, and Anjali Ganesh. "Make in India initiative: Boon to reduce lobbies with respectto defense and aerospace manufacturing technologies." BOHR International Journal of Computer Science 2, no. 1 (2023): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijcs.2023.25.
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Make in India initiative in defense and aerospace is one of the most ambitious projects in India and has had asignificant impact on the socioeconomic, political, and technological factors of the country. The public might haveheard several controversies and scams about defense deals, from horrific to inspiring stories in the defense andaerospace sectors. The beauty of this initiative is that every patriotic individual who wants his/her country to be self-reliant on technology has different views on this project. The current study tries to shed light on various problemsand lobbies in defense deals and also tries to understand breakthroughs in technology in defense products fromthe Indian private and public sectors, “Make in India” promotes employment opportunities and skill developmentin the defense and aerospace sectors. Through semantic foreign direct investment in defense technologies, wecan have good diplomatic and economic relations with other countries.
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Sakharovskaya, K. D., N. E. Lysenko, and I. V. Korovay. "Self-Regulation Disorders in Young People with Affective Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Psychology 45 (2023): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2304-1226.2023.45.40.
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The purpose of the empirical study is assessment or the correlation among disorders of operational level of self-regulation with psychological security parameters, psychological defense mechanisms, and personality traits of young people with affective disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved 60 people aged 20-25, 30 of which had affective disorders. In the test group regulative dysfunctions of processes of modelling, programming, results and independence evaluation are due to non-adaptive defense mechanisms of projection, regression, and substitution, security basis views bias as well as self-criticism. People with affective disorders satisfy their security need looking for supportive external environment rather than their intellectual and volitional activity.
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Prikhodko, Oleg. "The United States and the concept of Europe's Defense." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 2 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760019831-1.
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The article deals with a range of security and defense issues that are at the forefront of the transatlantic debate. The Unites States was a key actor in shaping plans to set up Europe's defense in the post-war period. The debate on a “European defense” has considerably evolved since the late 1940s, so has the U.S. attitude. The dispute heated up in recent years with the U.S. strategic priorities shifting towards the Indo-Pacific, degrading security situation in Europe, and a “strategic autonomy” concept mooted within the EU. The controversies over European defense capabilities have revealed contrasting views on the subject. By examining the arguments of proponents and opponents of making Europe a self-sufficient player in defense area, the author figured out reasons explaining why it is hard to reconcile overlapping interests of the United States as the main security guarantor in NATO with the European Union’s ambitious, although ambiguous, intention of driving towards a strategic autonomy.
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Marsh, Charles. "In defense of a self: the theological search for a postmodern identity." Scottish Journal of Theology 55, no. 3 (August 2002): 253–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930602000315.
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The author's purpose in this essay is, first of all, to evaluate the recent assessments of the self given by Stanley Hauerwas and Rowan Williams. Second, in registering his reservations with these views, he claims that confessional theologians have rich resources for shaping a powerful and innovative redescription of the tradition of transcendental subjectivity that does not conclude in, or require, the self's disappearance (or the concomitant annihilation of interiority). The person willed by God into being possesses a certain formfulness that is neither pure intentionality nor interiority, a certain formful unity constitutive of its being created in the image of God. Third, the author argues that Dietrich Bonhoeffer's christological account of the self, supplemented by Eberhard Jüngel's trinitarian account, offers a promising alternative to Hauerwas and Williams. The article's general concern is to show that modern theology does itself and Christian congregations a disservice if it fails to appreciate the depth, complexity and created dignity of human personhood.
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Besser, Lorraine. "Attachment in the Wake of Impermanence." History of Philosophy Quarterly 40, no. 4 (October 1, 2023): 338–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21521026.40.4.04.
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Abstract How should our metaphysical commitments influence how we think of ourselves in the practical world? Hume and Buddhism share common ground in denying that there exists a metaphysically real self yet offer very different practical recommendations about how this metaphysical view ought to inform our practical identities. This paper explores the contrast between the two views. It examines the benefits and costs of embracing, and attaching to, a practical conception of the self in the absence of a metaphysical self and provides a qualified defense of the Humean approach by way of considering the joys of attachment.
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Mann, William E. "The Guilty Mind." European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 1, no. 1 (March 21, 2009): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v1i1.329.
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The doctrine of mens rea can be expressed in this way: MRP: If A is culpable for performing φ, then A performs φ intentionally in circumstances in which it is impermissible to perform φ. The Sermon on the Mount suggests the following principle: SMP: If A intends to perform φ in circumstances in which it would be impermissible for A to perform φ, then A’s intending to perform φ makes A as culpable as A would be were A to perform φ. MRP and SMP are principles representative of intentionalism, a family of views that emphasizes the importance of intention to judgments about culpability. This essay examines an intentionalist’s defense of MRP with respect to lying, strict criminal liability, and the distinction between intention and foreseeability, along with a defense of SMP with respect to failed attempts, and self-defense.
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Egel, Naomi, and R. Lincoln Hines. "Chinese views on nuclear weapons: Evidence from an online survey." Research & Politics 8, no. 3 (July 2021): 205316802110328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20531680211032840.
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What are Chinese public attitudes regarding nuclear weapons? Although scholars have studied Chinese elites’ views on nuclear weapons, surprisingly little is known about the views of China’s public. To understand Chinese public views on nuclear weapons, we conduct an online survey ( N = 1066) of Chinese respondents. This is, to our knowledge, the first survey of Chinese public attitudes towards nuclear weapons. We find that although Chinese citizens view the possession of nuclear weapons as important for their country’s security, they strongly oppose the use of nuclear weapons under any circumstances. We also provide respondents an opportunity to describe their views on nuclear weapons in their own words. Using computer-assisted text analysis, we assess patterns in these open-ended responses and compare across age groups. We find that younger respondents emphasize non-material factors such as having a greater voice internationally, whereas older respondents emphasize self-defense. Overall, this analysis sheds light on the public attitudes that may shape China’s evolving approach to nuclear weapons.
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BORОDAI, E. "CLASSIFICATION OF METHODS OF MILITARY-PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF SENIOR GRADE STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF PRE-CALL PREPARATION." ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, no. 26 (April 7, 2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2020.26.227427.
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The article considers the peculiarities of the classification of methods of military-patriotic education of high school students in the process of pre-conscription training, substantiates the feasibility of developing a comprehensive system of teaching methods for the subject "Defense of Ukraine". The traditional approaches to the classification of methods of military-patriotic education are considered. The diversity of views of scholars is consistent with a comprehensive approach to grouping the content and essence of methods, resulting in four groups of methods, their combinations and concepts characteristic of military-patriotic education: methods of forming patriotic consciousness, views and beliefs in pre-conscription youth, methods of organization military-patriotic activity and formation of personal experience of behavior of pre-conscription youth, methods of stimulation and motivation of military-patriotic activity and behavior of pre-conscription youth, methods of self-education and self-preparation of pre-conscription youth for military service.
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Prokosch, Marjorie L., Colin Tucker Smith, Nicholas Kerry, and Jason von Meding. "Too strong to care? Investigating the links between formidability, worldviews, and views on climate and disaster." Politics and the Life Sciences 41, no. 2 (2022): 200–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pls.2022.20.
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AbstractPeople vary in climate change skepticism and in their views on disaster cause and prevention. For example, the United States boasts higher rates of climate skepticism than other countries, especially among Republicans. Research into the individual differences that shape variation in climate-related beliefs represents an important opportunity for those seeking ways to mitigate climate change and climate-related disasters (e.g., floods). In this registered report, we proposed a study examining how individual difference in physical formidability, worldview, and affect relate to attitudes about disaster and climate change. We predicted that highly formidable men would tend to endorse social inequality, hold status quo defensive worldviews, report lower levels of empathy, and report attitudes that promote disaster risk accumulation via lesser support for social intervention. The results of an online study (Study 1) support the notion that men’s self-perceived formidability is related to disaster and climate change beliefs in the predicted direction and that this relationship is mediated by hierarchical worldview and status quo defense but not empathy. An analysis of a preliminary sample for the in-lab study (Study 2) suggests that self-perceived formidability relates to disaster views, climate views, and status quo maintaining worldviews.
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Simonenko, E. S. "NORTH AMERICAN COLONYS OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE AND THE PROBLEM OF ENSURING THEIR SECURITY IN THE 1960S 19TH CENTURY." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 06, no. 02 (June 30, 2022): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2022-06-02-125-131.
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The paper examines the process of transformation of the principles of Imperial defense in the North American colonies of the British Empire. It limits the chronological scope of the work to the 60s. XIX century, when the colonial possessions of Britain in North America received the status of a dominion, which assumed self-government, including in the field of defense. It traces the genesis of the idea of mutual obligations in the field of defense between the mother country and the North American colonies in the first half of the 19th century. It studies the strategic plans for the defense of Canadian territory, developed by British government and military experts at various levels. It formulates the views of W. Gladstone, which determined the policy of Imperial defense throughout the whole decade. It pays particular attention to the transformation of the maritime aspect of Imperial defense and its consequences for the North American colonies. It characterizes 60s 19th century by a weakening of the Anglocentric model of building relations with the North American colonies, where all the full obligations to ensure their security were assigned to the mother country. Henceforth, the colonies were to be responsible for the land defense of their territories. Thus, by the end of the 60s. 19th century finally took shape the trend of transition to the principle of mutual control and collective responsibility in the field of Imperial defense.
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Li, Guyu. "The Seemingly Abnormal Self-Portraits: A Psychoanalytic Analysis of Three of Maugham’s Novels." Scientific and Social Research 6, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/ssr.v6i1.5777.
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The characters in William Somerset Maugham’s novels seem to be deviant, but their behaviors are drivenby various motivations. The complexity of their characters is attributed to many reasons and can be explained throughpsychoanalysis. Herbert in The Kite embodies the phenomenon of “inferiority and overcompensation,” Lisa in Lisa of Lambeth reflects the phenomenon of “self-defense mechanism,” and Kitty in The Painted Veil represents the phenomenonof “archetype,” based on the theories of psychoanalysis. The three novels serve as Maugham’s seemingly abnormal self-portraits, reflecting his complex and contradictory views of human nature. These perspectives influenced his personal lifeand sparked varied opinions among readers. Nevertheless, there are valuable psychological lessons that modern readerscan learn from Maugham’s novels.
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Baldin, Aleksandr Konstantinovich. "Evolution of the Legal Regulation of Territorial Defense as an Element of the Organization of Armed Defense in the Legal System of the Soviet State and Modern Russia." Административное и муниципальное право, no. 4 (April 2022): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0595.2022.4.39217.
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The article is devoted to the study of the features of the legal regulation of the Institute of territorial defense at certain stages of the historical development of Russia. The object of the study is a comparison of conceptual approaches to determining the content of territorial defense, its organization and functioning. The subject of the study is a system of legal sources that, in certain historical periods, establish requirements for the organization, deployment and conduct of territorial defense, regulating the functions of military administration bodies, state authorities and local self-government bodies in the field of territorial defense. The scientific novelty of the presented work consists in the preparation of a comprehensive analysis of the nature of changes in views and approaches to the organization of territorial defense, the study of the evolution of the legal understanding of the institute of territorial defense, reflected in scientific works, based on the results of a comparison of documents of the military administration of the Soviet state and modern Russia. The solution of research tasks was made possible through the use of an appropriate system of methods, the basis of which is comparative legal, historical-legal and other methods of scientific cognition. Based on the analysis of the sources of military legislation, the author comes to the conclusion that in various historical conditions, the organizational and functional content of territorial defense differed, this differentiation was reflected in the legal documents of the military administration bodies.
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Bredenkamp, DSM. "1 Korintiërs 9:24-27 – Kerklike leierskap vra ‘n besondere vorm van selfbeheersing." Verbum et Ecclesia 28, no. 1 (November 17, 2007): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v28i1.95.
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The purpose of this article is to describe Paul’s self-control in 1 Corinthians 9 as an example to contemporary church leaders. After ascertaining the framework of 1 Corinthians 8:1 to 11:1 as following Christ in loving servitude, Paul’s introducing of his apostleship is described as a combination of an example and a defense. He utilizes the agon motif to make his point regarding his own sacrifices. To him self-control enkrateia) has a finite meaning: to relinquish certain liberties and rights for the sake of his mission in Christ, the identity of the church and the perseverance of his fellow believers. Church leaders can take heed of this necessity for restriction of personal liberty in response to the views of others.
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Tesón, Fernando R. "Le Peuple, c’est moi! The World Court and Human Rights." American Journal of International Law 81, no. 1 (January 1987): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202148.
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This essay examines the discussion of human rights and domestic jurisdiction by the International Court of Justice in the Nicaragua case. Independently of the final verdict about the lawfulness of U.S. help to the contras under principles of either self-defense or humanitarian intervention, the Court’s views on the relationship among human rights, domestic jurisdiction and intervention are wrong in law. Furthermore, the philosophical assumptions of the Judgment are profoundly disturbing. For the reasons set forth below, I submit that the Court’s approach embodies a backward view of international law and justice that was totally unnecessary to the resolution of the case.
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Wang, Xiuling, and Wendy Hui Wang. "GCL-Leak: Link Membership Inference Attacks against Graph Contrastive Learning." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2024, no. 3 (July 2024): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2024-0073.
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Graph contrastive learning (GCL) has emerged as a successful method for self-supervised graph learning. It involves generating augmented views of a graph by augmenting its edges and aims to learn node embeddings that are invariant to graph augmentation. Despite its effectiveness, the potential privacy risks associated with GCL models have not been thoroughly explored. In this paper, we delve into the privacy vulnerability of GCL models through the lens of link membership inference attacks (LMIA). Specifically, we focus on the federated setting where the adversary has white-box access to the node embeddings of all the augmented views generated by the target GCL model. Designing such white-box LMIAs against GCL models presents a significant and unique challenge due to potential variations in link memberships among node pairs in the target graph and its augmented views. This variability renders members indistinguishable from non-members when relying solely on the similarity of their node embeddings in the augmented views. To address this challenge, our in-depth analysis reveals that the key distinguishing factor lies in the similarity of node embeddings within augmented views where the node pairs share identical link memberships as those in the training graph. However, this poses a second challenge, as information about whether a node pair has identical link membership in both the training graph and augmented views is only available during the attack training phase. This demands the attack classifier to handle the additional “identical-membership" information which is available only for training and not for testing. To overcome this challenge, we propose GCL-LEAK, the first link membership inference attack against GCL models. The key component of GCL-LEAK is a new attack classifier model designed under the “Learning Using Privileged Information (LUPI)” paradigm, where the privileged information of “same-membership” is encoded as part of the attack classifier's structure. Our extensive set of experiments on four representative GCL models showcases the effectiveness of GCL-LEAK. Additionally, we develop two defense mechanisms that introduce perturbation to the node embeddings. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates that both defense mechanisms significantly reduce attack accuracy while preserving the accuracy of GCL models.
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Glebov, Sergey. "The Political Ecology of Vladimir Arsen’ev." Sibirica 19, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sib.2020.190303.
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The article describes the life and work of Vladimir Klavdievich Arsen’ev in the context of the development of settler colonial project in the Far East. The article argues that Arsen’ev, a military officer and a self-taught geographer and ethnographer, shared in a political ecology, which combined “defense” of native peoples and the nature of the Russian Far East with racialized views of Chinese and Korean immigrants. This political ecology, in particular, led Arsen’ev to take part in military operations designed to cleanse remote parts of the Ussuri region of the Chinese and to develop administrative proposals on the governance of native peoples, which foreshadowed Soviet projects.
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Gregg, Benjamin. "Vitoria’s cosmopolitan potential realized: Human nature and human rights via social construction, not natural law." Deusto Journal of Human Rights, no. 13 (June 27, 2024): 149–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/djhr.2830.
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Vitoria’s 1537 lecture On the American Indians asserts moral equality and fundamental rights for all humans but is contradicted by the significant inequalities between Spanish conquistadores and indigenous peoples of Mexico and Peru. Despite recognizing these rights, Vitoria’s vision supports an unequal Euro-American relationship regarding territorial sovereignty, self-defense, self-determination, and religious freedom. His insights have implications for contemporary international law concerning indigenous rights. However, his theological framework limits this potential. To better address indigenous issues today, I advocate reframing Vitoria’s perspective by replacing his natural law-based human-rights essentialism with a naturalistic approach that views human rights as social constructs. This shift can help develop international law to prevent violent interactions and promote equality between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples, reducing reliance on nation states to safeguard indigenous rights. Received: 03 August 2023Accepted: 18 April 2024
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Maia-Carneiro, Thiago, and Carlos Arturo Navas. "Body lifting, flattening, and burying of Tropidurus catalanensis Gudynas & Skuk, 1983 (Squamata, Tropiduridae): Defense, thermoregulation, or both?" Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 17 (2020): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs(2020)071709.
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Lizards of the genus Tropidurus display different behaviors for thermoregulation and defense. Here, we report new displays for Tropidurus catalanensis, which helps to understand how these lizards behave. Captive individuals lifted, flattened, and buried their bodies. Flattening and upstanding the bodies allow looking larger and may discourage attacks, as well as respectively enhance and decrease the approximation and the contact of body surfaces with substrates to thermoregulate. Burying themselves into earth and sand may help lizards to avoid or escape from menaces. When we first opened the containers, the T. catalanensis were already partially covered by vermiculite, which did not allow stating if they did it in response to supposed risks of predation because perceived the movements in the room or were already buried. Tropidurus catalanensis possibly may bury themselves to avoid detection during periods of inactivity. The self-burying behavior may be useful also for thermoregulation using substrate temperatures. Tropidurus catalanensis may increase the chances of getting out safe from dangerous interactions and of effective thermoregulation by performing such behaviors. Although we discussed the behaviors on the views of defense and thermoregulation, the body lifting, the flattening, and the burying seemed have occurred in a defensive context.
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Aszyk, Piotr. "The Philosophical Concepts in Ryszard Otowicz’s Bioethics." Forum Philosophicum 11, no. 1 (November 1, 2006): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2006.1101.5.
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This article presents a general overview of philosophical issues undertaken in the work of Richard Otowicz (1953–2003), Jesuit and Professor of Moral Theology at the Pontifical Faculty of Theology in Warsaw. Within the set of views developed by him, the theological perspective undoubtedly assumes pride of place. Often, however, he refers to philosophical issues from which, in his opinion, one cannot escape—issues that bear directly on human life. What is especially striking is Otowicz’s hypothesis that bioethics is a kind of self-defense reflex of mankind, who are attempting by means of it to intellectually grasp the issues relating to the unlimited expansion of technology. Developments and changes observed in the world are forcing humanity to rethink very fundamental issues, such as interpersonal relationships or the relationship of man to nature.
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Pavlova, Svetlana. "Nominative self-references in Moliere’s comedies." Practices & Interpretations: A Journal of Philology, Teaching and Cultural Studies 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2415-8852-2023-3-18-32.
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The paper focuses on nominative self-references, a subclass of the broader phenomenon of self-referentiality, in Moliere’s comedies. The majority of self-references are found in the plays with theoretical premises, “Critique of the School for Wives” (1663) and “The Versailles Impromptu” (1663). Both were Moliere’s theatrical responses to critical debates around his plays and thus contributed to building up a new understanding of the aims of comedy. Self-references in these plays are used to create the character of gifted and unjustly criticized playwright, who beats his competitors and ill-wishers by superiority of his art and relies on the creativity of humor. Moliere also names himself, his other comedies and characters, in the plays that do not deal with theatrical circles either in plot or in subject matter. In these cases, self-references create allusions to his other works, opening the opportunities to express his views on comedy, on requirements for the scenic speech, on the substance of his satirical characters. They help Moliere to activate viewers’ perception of what’s going on stage; they also reflect Moliere’s orientation on the public sitting in the boxes and in stalls. The nominative self-references function to increase the overall comical effect, to create the atmosphere of gallantry, in self-defense during theatrical polemics, in Moliere’s reflections on his input to the genre of comedy. Self-referentiality is thus concluded to be the effect of meta-theatrical element that serves to establish the new comedy, where laughter is the means of correcting the mores – while being unfailingly entertaining.
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Lansdown, Richard. "Suicide, Melancholia, and Manic Defense in Byron’s Manfred." Nineteenth-Century Literature 76, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2021.76.1.1.
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Richard Lansdown, “Suicide, Melancholia, and Manic Defense in Byron's Manfred” (pp. 1–32) This essay presents a literary-critical account of Lord Byron’s verse drama Manfred (1817) from the perspective of Freudian and Object Relations psychological theories, in particular as regards the distinction between melancholia and mourning and the presence of part-objects within the psyche. It argues that whereas it is important to preserve a distinction between the poet and his works, such a distinction can never be total: like Childe Harold, Manfred is clearly in part a personal projection, given Byron’s state of mind at the time of composition. To provide context for these discussions the essay surveys both Byron’s personal views concerning suicide and the history of self-slaughter in Western culture, with Romanticism as a particular focus. The poet’s attitudes were many and various, depending on which cases he had in mind. Furthermore, the Romantic tradition initiated by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774) and continued by Byron’s numerous treatments of suicide mark a complication of the attitudes we find voiced by Enlightenment philosophers and, indeed, by Sigmund Freud himself.
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Kornovenko, Serhij Valerijovič. "„The third way“ of farmers in the views of Milan Hodža and Vyacheslav Lypynsky: an attempt at a comparative analysis." Acta historica Neosoliensia 25, no. 2 (December 16, 2022): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/ahn.2022.25.02.60-70.
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The article formulates the author’s definition and reveals the essential features of „the third way“ − an alternative to the left (socialism and communism) and right (liberalism, capitalism and fascism) development models of the agrarian countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which was formulated and justified by the ideologues of agrarianism at the end of 1910s – in the 1920s.Using the example of the views of the classics of Czechoslovak (M. Hodža) and Ukrainian (V. Lypynsky) agrarianism, the common and different views of the thinkers on the theory and practice of the „third way“ are clarified. It is substantiated that the ideology of agrarianism in the vision of M. Hodža and the „wheat ideology“ of V. Lypynsky are almost identical phenomena in terms of their content. In both cases, their fundamental principle is the recognition of the peasantry as a force capable of creating a new, fairer social order thanks to its special social, spiritual, moral, and economic qualities. The views of M. Hodža and V. Lipynsky are similar in the issues of „agrarian democracy“, defense of the economic and moral advantages of agriculture, small private ownership of land, cooperation, as well as state regulation of the economy. The essential differences in the views of the two intellectuals lie in belonging to different forms of agrarianism − radical-conservative (V. Lypynsky) and moderate, parliamentary-oriented (M. Hodža), as well as in fundamentally different approaches to the perspective of the internationalization of the agrarian movement. The thesis that the Ukrainian version of agrarianism was a self-sufficient and organic component of Central and Eastern European agrarianism received further development.
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Fetisenko, Olga L. "Konstantin Leontiev’s “Ascetic Philosophy”: Thesaurus and Context." Two centuries of the Russian classics 3, no. 2 (2021): 150–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-2-150-167.
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A holistic and close study of journalism, works of art and letters of K. N. Leontiev allows the author of the article to show the formation of the writer’s views, designated by him at the end of his life with the words “my ascetic philosophy”, the context they existed in and his vocabulary changes. The work discusses Leontiev’s creative, philosophical and personal interest to the issues of life of the spirit, the dynamics of his views, it is shown, how in the 1860s Leontiev comes from an aesthetic interest in the Church and its political defense in consular posts to a thirst for faith. The author pays special attention to the idea and concept of obedience, which are associated with Leontiev's idea of “transcendental egoism”, focusing on personal salvation. Behind the idea of obedience, Leontiev thinks about self-condemnation. The writer and thinker clearly explains the interdependence and interdependence of two principles, the “world” and the “monastery”; for Leontiev, monastery culture becomes a synonym for Orthodox culture. Leontiev tried to introduce ascetic principles of discipline and “sobriety” into his own artistic creation, and not only into content, but also into “performance”, applying in practice the rules that he formulated later in his famous article Analysis, Style and Trends.
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Levin, Ya A., and P. D. Tokmakova. "FBI COUNTERACTION TO AFRICAN NATIONALIST GROUPS." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 5, no. 4 (2023): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2023-5-4-64-69.
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This article provides a historical overview of the FBI’s political persecution of the Black Panther Party, including the modus operandi and reasons behind the agency's actions. The authors analyze the forms of persecution of the Party Bureau using illegal actions (telephone tapping, surveillance and infiltration), as well as the ideology behind these actions. The study found that the FBI's actions were not only a violation of the Constitution’s First Amendment, which guarantees the rights of free speech and assembly, but were also part of a larger pattern of federal government interference with left-wing and anti-war movements in the 1960s and 1970sThe authors consider the FBI's actions in the context of broader cultural and ideological reasons, noting the government's fear of the pro-communist, anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist views of the party, which also used armed self-defense. The study is based on materials from the 1960s and 1970s.
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Matviіenko, M. І., V. А. Didkovskii, and D. V. Trotsenko. "Features of the influence on the motivation characteristics of physical exercises of students of higher education institutions in the extreme conditions of the military state." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 7(167) (July 15, 2023): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.7(167).24.
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The purpose of the study was to clarify the views of the authors on the importance of motivation for physical exercises in the conditions of martial law, which are characterized by a sense of the danger of a person's existence, the risk of participating in educational activities during air raids, power outages, lack of communication. The authors identified aspects of the relevance of predicting motivational characteristics for physical exercises, studying their influence on the specifics of exercises in extreme conditions, and the use of these exercises as psychological regulation in moments of danger and risk.
The results of empirical research (surveys, questionnaires) were considered in retrospect of the change in the dominant motives for physical exercises as a result of the social impact of the extremity of the military state.
The novelty of the study should be considered the views proposed by the authors on the influence of social factors of extreme life activity in the conditions of martial law on the features of the formation of motives for physical exercises and the prediction of such features in the educational process.
The conclusions point to the understanding of the contents defined by the topic, emphasize views on the formation of motives for physical exercises under the influence of social factors, conditions of extreme situations of the military state, states of understanding the danger and risk of existence and the emergence on this basis of internal needs and interest as the internal side of the motive for mastering the basics of self-defense.
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Ben Natan, Merav, Sergei Danilov, and Yuli Evdokimovitz. "Predictors of Condom Use Among Israeli Soldiers." American Journal of Men's Health 4, no. 3 (July 14, 2009): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988309337618.
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Only a small percentage of young people aged 18 to 20 years use condoms regularly. Thus, the younger population has an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. This study examines the underlying determinants of condom use among soldiers based on the theory of planned behavior as well as the influence of soldiers’ social circumstances and prior sexual experience. A correlational design using an exploratory survey method was used. Participants were sampled in a convenience sample of 113 male soldiers from the Israel defense forces. A total of 70.1% of soldiers use condoms in their first sexual experience, however, this percentage subsequently decreases. The study indicates that soldiers are not familiar with the risks of frequent oral and anal sex. Behavioral intentions and self-control are significant predictors of condom use. Condom use among soldiers from one-parent families was lower than among soldiers from two-parent families. The theory of planned behavior seems to be a helpful method of predicting condom use among soldiers. Accordingly, efforts should be channeled at attempts to generate changes in soldiers’ views of condom use, intensifying normative pressures operated by their social milieu, and increasing their self-control in the use of condoms.
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Mat Rafi, Nur Amalina, and Raja Iskandar Raja Halid. "LEADERSHIP ANALYSIS OF ‘GURULATIH’ AS A PRACTITIONER OF TRADITIONAL HEALING IN THE SENI SILAT PUSAKA GAYONG MALAYSIA IN KELANTAN ACCORDING TO MAX WEBER'S THEORY." International Journal of Heritage, Art and Multimedia 4, no. 15 (December 13, 2021): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijham.415004.
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A trainer plays a very important role in imparting silat martial arts knowledge to ensure the validity of the knowledge learned. In addition, trainers are also considered as a symbol of perfection and are accountable in self-defense institutions. Through this study, the researcher has conducted a more in-depth analysis of the leadership of trainers according to Max Weber's theoretical views in operating a martial arts organization, the existence of traditional healing processes in martial arts, identify the type of disease experienced by trainees and to see the effectiveness of treatment towards the patient. In this this study, the researcher utilised the participant-observant method and interviewing respondents consisting of martial arts trainers in Kelantan. As a result, the researcher found that a trainer not only plays a role in teaching martial arts but is also responsible in learning and practicing traditional treatment. This is important in elevating the status of a silat trainer as a respectable and trusted leader.
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Solomon, Rukundo. "WITCH-KILLINGS AND THE LAW IN UGANDA." Journal of Law and Religion 35, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 270–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2020.25.
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AbstractPeople believed to be witches have been killed in many parts of Africa since precolonial times. Belief in witchcraft persists today among many people, occasionally resulting in the killing of the suspected witch. The killer views witchcraft as an attack similar in nature to the use of physical force and therefore kills the witch in an attempt to end the perceived attack. As it stands today, the law in Uganda fails to strike a balance between the rights of the deceased victim violated through murder and those of the accused who honestly believes that he or she or a loved one was a victim of witchcraft. This article argues that the defenses that are currently available—mistake of fact, self-defense, insanity, and provocation by witchcraft—are insufficient, as they fail to strike that delicate balance. A more pragmatic approach to the issue of witch-killing, one that deals with the elimination of belief in witchcraft, is necessary.
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Bok, Sissela. "Early Advocates of Lasting World Peace: Utopians or Realists?" Ethics & International Affairs 4 (March 1990): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1990.tb00251.x.
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This article reexamines the works of Erasmus, the Abbé de Saint-Pierre, Kant, and other pacifists who have advocated collective societal efforts toward a lasting world peace. In contrast to Thucydides' (Realist) view of the inevitability of war due to intrinsic human nature, the author presents the early Christian arguments of pacifism grounded in morality and religion, including the “just-war” views of Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas, who believed that war fought for self-defense, or other “justifiable” purposes, was morally and religiously grounded in efforts to punish wrongdoings and “convert unbelievers.” Is the state of peace a natural one or one that must be achieved through practical steps within moral constraints by leaders of nations and their citizens? Realist thinkers who once rejected, on strictly normative grounds, the moral claims of the possibility of a lasting world peace now take the strategic position that the goal of attaining lasting world peace is clearly worth striving for, “however utopian it seemed when first advocated.”
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Zhu, Yunlin. "Analysis of the Death in Ariel from the Perspective of Pastiche." Communications in Humanities Research 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/2/2022617.
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As the posthumous work of Sylvia Plath, the American confessional poetess, Ariel plays an important role in the study of Plath's poetry creation, and death, as the most common theme in Plath's poetry, has been criticized and studied by many scholars. Yet people focus more on what caused Plath to write about the subject. Few studies have explored how Plath wrote about death. Based on Jameson's theory of pastiche, this paper discusses Plath's use of pastiche, the contribution pastiche made to the description of the theme of death and Plath's view of death. Pastiche breaks the limits of time, space and ideology in a retro way enabling Plath to construct "facts" from her vague memories and allowed her to express more freely her views on death, namely art, self-defense and redemption. Hope this paper could enrich people's understanding of pastiche theory and of the role pastiche plays in the postmodern theories.
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Kamalova, Dildora. "THE SUBJECTIVE SIDE OF ATTEMPTED CRIME." Review of Law Sciences 7, no. 1 (March 24, 2023): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2023.7.1./ooka3692.
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This article analyzes the attempted crime, and its subjective features on the basis of the conceptual approaches available in legal science, scientific and theoretical views, as well as materials of judicial practice. Based on the recommendations developed by the author, the impossibility of attempted crimes committed with indirect intent and negligence is proved. It is substantiated that an attempted crime can be expressed only through direct intent, since the perpetrator is aware of the socially dangerous nature of his act, foresees socially dangerous consequences and wishes these consequences to occur. Also, based on the analysis of scientific views and sentences of the courts, the issue of the possibility of committing such crimes with the peculiarities of the subjective side of crimes as intentional killing in heat of passion (Article 98 of the Criminal Code) and intentional killing in excess of self-defense (Article 100 of the Criminal Code). At the same time, such signs of the subjective side of an attempted crime as motive, purpose, and emotion have been studied, and it is substantiated, in cases where these signs are provided by the Special Part, the need to identify such signs in the committed act. According to the results of the study, it has been proved that there is a need to amend the current criminal legislation that an attempted crime is committed only with direct intent.
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Sultana, Aneela. "DIGGING ISLAMIC ROOTS OF JIHAD TO UNVEIL THE TRUTH." ARAB AND ISLAMIC WORLD - THE VIEW FROM INSIDE 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2008): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54561/prj0201031s.
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Islam, like all the great world religions and their scriptures, off er a universal message, a discourse that can speak to all times and places. Believers of this religion, in every age and situation, fi nd teachings, principles, and values that give them meaning and guidance. The Quran and the Sunnah, or prophetic example, provides a theology for peace, for living in a world of diverse nations and peoples. They also provide guidelines on how to fi ght the enemy as well as how to fi ght against corruption and oppression. This paper attempts to draw a careful line between Jihad, self-defense and aggression, resistance and rebellion, reform and terrorism. Little has been done to study the formation and evolution of the notion of divinely sanctioned war in Islam or to critically examine the spectrum of Islamic views on the subject. Classical Islamic tradition has developed its own canonical view on the formation and evolution of holy war and, with some small variation among the legal schools, a more or less standard view on the meaning and application of divinelysanctioned war in general. Scholarly studies of holy war in Islamic civilization have tended to accept uncritically, or at least not challenge, these standard views. The main theme of this writing is to critically examine the origin of the holy war phenomenon in Islam in order to describe and explain the early importance of holy war and its implications for contemporary Muslim societies.
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Baehr, Peter. "Marxism and Islamism: Intellectual conformity in Aron’s time and our own." Journal of Classical Sociology 11, no. 2 (May 2011): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468795x10396272.
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We celebrate great writers not only by reconstructing their ideas but also by thinking in their spirit. Many aspects of Raymond Aron’s legacy could, today, be exploited by writers of an Aronian turn of mind. They might draw on his philosophy of history; his defense of the specificity of politics; his acute awareness of the burdens of responsibility imposed on great powers. In this article, I flag a different topic: Aron’s concern with the impact of regimes and local cultures on political discussion. Of special interest to him were state-sponsored ideology and self-induced groupthink (the ‘opium of the intellectuals’). After briefly describing Aron’s views of both of these phenomena within the context of official and unofficial Marxism, I examine two modalities of communicative inhibition that have emerged since his death. Both turn on the emergence of Islamism as a major modern political ideology; both entail impediments to free speech: the vilification of political disagreement as ‘phobic’ and, relatedly, the political use of law (‘lawfare’) to halt debate on matters sensitive to Islamists.
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Bellinger, John B. "Legal Issues in the War on Terrorism – A Reply to Silja N. U. Vöneky." German Law Journal 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 871–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200006015.
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I wanted to begin by thanking Dr. Voneky for her thoughtful contribution to this rapidly developing area of international law. One of the purposes of the ongoing dialogue with my European counterparts on the legal framework for the use of force and detention of combatants in an armed conflict with non-state actors is to spur dialogue to arrive at a common approach on these issues. I agree with many things in Dr. Voneky's article. I am pleased that, unlike many critics of the United States, she recognizes that it is possible to use force in self defense from armed attacks not directly linked to the actions of any state, and that the law of armed conflict would govern that use of force. I also appreciate that she notes that actions against terrorist groups outside a state's country are not necessarily simply transnational police actions. I wanted to take this brief opportunity to note three areas where there may be some misunderstandings regarding the views of the United States, and then discuss my thoughts on the way forward.
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Greener, B. K. "Liberalism and the Use of Force: Core Themes and Conceptual Tensions." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 32, no. 3 (July 2007): 295–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030437540703200302.
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Since the mid-1980s, a number of authors have asserted that there is a special kind of relationship between democratic states; or that liberalism promotes peaceful relations between liberal states; or that there exists a hierarchy of states in international society with liberal states at the apex of that hierarchy. Many of these theories touch on issues of liberalism, liberal states, and the use of military force. Yet they still do not directly address the key question of: when, and for what ends, liberals believe that military force may be used. An implicit intimation is often made that there is a monolithic liberal approach to the use of force. In contrast, this article identifies a variety of contemporary liberal views on this topic and argues that these depend upon the priority given to values such as those of tolerance and consent versus progress and civility, or those of cosmopolitanism versus communitarianism. On this basis, the article examines the liberal options for the use of force that can be justified in different ways by these different values, from self-defense to the creation of liberal entities, depending upon which liberal values predominate.
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Gula, Volodymyr. "Bund and the use of terrorism in political struggle (1897–1907)." Kyiv Historical Studies, no. 2 (2018): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2018.2.6064.
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The subject of this article is the views of the General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (Bund) on the use of terrorist methods in the political struggle. An analysis of the evolution of party’s views on this issue is carried out on the basis of personal testimonies from members of the Bund, as well as documents of the Police Department. Chronologically, the article covers the period from the creation of the Bund to the end of the revolution of 1905. During this period, the revival of terrorism in the Russian political arena was taking place: the escalation of socio-economic and ethnic conflicts under the conditions of an autocratic monarchy had an inevitable consequence the surge of violence. The Bund, on the one hand, the Social-Democratic Party, and on the other — the leading political force 64 ISSN 2524-0757 Київські історичні студії: науковий журнал • № 2 (7), 2018 р. of nationality discriminated against in the empire, faced on difficult choice. Official party resolutions condemned terrorism, since this method left the masses passive. The struggle against the existing regime in this case was conducted only by individual heroes. At the same time, attempts by the government to maintain the authority of the autocratic monarchy among the society were completed by the search for enemies, convenient to see in the Jews, especially given their low integration into the imperial society. Therefore, a situation need self-defense: at the initiative of the Bund the paramilitary formations are founded. In 1905 this formations played a role in ending of the pogrom wave, that rocked by the cities and towns of the West and South-West provinces of the Russian Empire.
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Etchegoyen-Rosolová, Kamila, and Alena Kašpárková. "How Do I Cook an Impact Factor Article If You Do Not Show Me What the Ingredients Are?" Educare - vetenskapliga skrifter, no. 1 (September 28, 2021): 70–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/educare.2021.1.6.
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Doctoral studies in the Czech Republic are highly individualized with little coursework outside the supervisor/supervisee dyad, and the PhD students are mandated to publish prior to the dissertation defense. This mandate is troublesome because writing development has been on the fringes of the Czech education culture. In addition, the publications often must be in English, and many doctoral students struggle with English. In this exploratory study, we examined how this mandate translates into practice, how doctoral students learn to meet the requirements and how university administrators/supervisors perceive doctoral writing development. To answer our questions, we interviewed 7 university administrators/dissertation supervisors and 7 doctoral students from various backgrounds and universities, looking for diverse views on the issue. Our analysis confirmed the formal status of supervisors as the key doctoral writing literacy brokers. While the supervisors acknowledged their role, they also tended to view doctoral writing as a matter of self-study and funding, thus indirectly emphasising the publication outcomes. In contrast, doctoral students called for structured support of their writing processes. We propose a systemic approach to introduce writing pedagogies into the Czech discourse. With this study we hope to contribute to research on doctoral writing for publication of EAL (English as an Additional Language) students in Central Europe.
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Poirier, John C., and Joseph Frankovic. "Celibacy and Charism in 1 Cor 7:5–7." Harvard Theological Review 89, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000031783.
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The diversity among introductions to Paul is a tribute to the apostle's genius. There are two basic reasons for the diversity of opinion that exists today: First, internal incoherency—the difficulty of sorting Paul's thought into center and periphery (or event and context); and second, external incoherency—the gaps in our information about one of the most famous and interesting lives of all time. No consensus has emerged on the question of Paul's place in the world. We make this point not because this study will address the problem directly, but because we shall make inferences from one of the views in current circulation, namely that there is a basis to Paul's claim to Pharisaism (Phil 3:5). Attacking this view, some scholars have thought of him as a “would-be Pharisee” at best. We, nevertheless, think that the preponderance of evidence situates Paul in a universalist Jewish, probably Pharisaic, context. Paul believed that many of the law's prescriptions were still valid. As an illustration of Paul's belief in the continuing validity of the law, this essay attempts to show that 1 Cor 7:5–7 is best understood in the context of ritual purity concerns. These concerns include both the injunction for spouses to abstain from sexual activity for a time of prayer and Paul's defense of a celibate lifestyle within his own charismatic self-understanding.
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Mysliwiec, Vincent, Matthew Brock, Kristi Pruiksma, Casey Straud, Daniel Taylor, Shana Hansen, Shannon Foster, et al. "0325 A Comprehensive Evaluation of Sleep Disorders in Male and Female U.S. Military Personnel." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A146—A147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.323.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep disorders are increasingly recognized in military personnel. However, no study has comprehensively evaluated male and female service members with clinically significant sleep disturbances. While, insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are the two most recognized sleep disorders, some studies have suggested that comorbid insomnia and OSA, also known as COMISA, potentially is the most frequent sleep disorder. Further little is known regarding the co-occurrence of nightmares, shift work disorder, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this population. Methods Participants were 309 active duty service members (females n = 113, male n = 196) in all branches of the military who underwent a clinically indicated sleep evaluation in a military sleep disorders center. All underwent an attended in-lab polysomnogram, were diagnosed with insomnia, OSA, or COMISA and completed self-report measures. Participants completed the Nightmare Disorder Index and Shift Work Disorder Index, and non-sleep questionnaires using the PCL-5 for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the PHQ-9 for depression, the GAD-7 for anxiety, and History of Head Injuries for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Results COMISA was diagnosed in 36.8% of the sample, insomnia in 32.7%, and OSA in 30.4%. Males were significantly more likely to have COMISA or OSA and females were more likely to have insomnia. Polysomnographic variables were consistent with the respective sleep diagnoses. Forty service members (12.9%) met criteria for nightmare disorder; those with OSA were significantly less likely to have nightmares. Shift work disorder was present in 49 (15.9%) and did not differ between sleep diagnoses. PTSD was present in 57 (18%) and those with COMISA were significantly more likely to have PTSD. A history of head injuries was reported by 38.2% and there was no difference in rates between the sleep disorder groups. Conclusion The most frequent sleep disorder profile in service members with sleep disturbances was COMISA, which was associated with significantly higher rates of PTSD and anxiety. Conversely, OSA alone was not associated with higher rates of any comorbid disorders. Nightmare disorder and shift work are relatively prevalent in military personnel with sleep disorders. Support (If Any) This work was supported by the Defense Health Agency, Defense Medical Research and Development Program, Clinical Research Intramural Initiative for Military Women’s Health (DM170708; Mysliwiec), and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio (FA8650-18-2-6953; Peterson). The views expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not represent an endorsement by or the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Army, the Defense Health Agency, the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, or the U.S. Government.
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Restiarum, Henny, Adelia Alhamdaniah Rijnanda, and Ian Wahyuni. "Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Media Online Detik.Com dan Kompas.tv atas Kasus Kekerasan Seksual di Institusi KemenKop UKM RI." JURNAL KRIDATAMA SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 4, no. 02 (December 9, 2022): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53863/kst.v4i02.547.
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The easy access to online news media is accompanied by the low ability of the public to understand the contents of news texts, making the public unable to grasp the true intent of a news story. News does not only provide information but also has the power to shape people's views on something. Therefore, this study aims to describe how news framing works in processing news. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The results of the study show that there are differences in framing by Detik.com and Kompas.tv media regarding cases of sexual harassment that occurred in one of the offices of state institutions, namely the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia (KemenKop UKM RI) in 2019 which returned go on. In the syntactical aspect of the Detik.com media, the statement made was a form of self-defense by the Indonesian Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises. It can be seen that the writing of the lead is a form of defense or clarification if the Indonesian Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises does not provide protection to the perpetrators and does not ignore victims of sexual harassment. Whereas on Kompas.tv the statement from the victim takes precedence. It can be seen in the leads written by Kompas.tv as a news media writing news of sexual harassment in order to tell the public the actual chronology of events from the victim's point of view and the Indonesian Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises. The thematic elements in Detik.com media are the use of explanatory coherence in the form of the word 'and' and the use of the pronouns he, we, and us. Whereas on Kompas.tv many explanatory coherences were found in the form of the word 'and' and the use of pronouns in the form of the words 'they' and 'us'. Keywords: framing analysis, sexual harassment, syntax
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Lee, Inkyung. "A Compassionate Perspective toward Public Leadership in Conflict Mediation." Society Of Korean Literature 48 (November 30, 2023): 85–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.52723/jkl.48.085.
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The study looks into the perception of intellectuals by focusing on public leadership for conflict mediation and the narrator’s views as described in literature related to legal folktales, also known as 訟事說話 (folktales dealing with trial processes). These folktales depict not only the trial processes of civil or criminal cases but also the complete case-solving process from the initiation of disputes to the investigation process and the final verdict related to the general administrative tasks of local officials.
In the legal folktales written in literature, a diverse panorama of human lives unfolds, and the views of narrators consistently are biased. They prioritize Confucian ideology as an absolute value, unilaterally force a patriarchal societal order, and take it for granted to approve the class superiority of the nobility and to sacrifice individuals within family or kinship communities over individual self-realization in the public area.
The narrators representing the consciousness of noblemen maintain distorted and biased perspectives towards lower social classes and women. The narrators who depicted the manifestation process of public leadership mediating various conflicts attentively observed the wisdom and judgments of several judges and consistently evaluated based on the values held by noblemen. They assessed the trial processes from their subjective standpoint but showed indifference to the impacts on the common people. They exclusively worried about a collapse of the communal order set by the nobility while ignoring the suffering of the socially disadvantaged who suffocated under such a stringent social order.
The narrators evaluated the judges’ decisions by focusing on the defense of the social order that noblemen aspire to. At that time, those who read literary tales were all nobles with proficiency in Chinese like the writers. Those who read the literary tales in the Joseon Dynasty identified their social homogeneity as nobles while solidifying it.
Reflecting on the literary utility of reading legal folktales, training for empathy to see from another’s perspective is the purpose of reading literature. In the legal scenes illustrated in legal folktales, there are plaintiffs and defendants, judges, and mediators as well as narrators who consistently observe and narrate. Readers can have an opportunity to interpret the ongoing dispute process from various angles through the perspectives of these diverse characters. Those who read also contemplate the fairest judgment, putting themselves in the shoes of a mediator. This process demands legal folktale readers for psychological tasks of empathy and self-reflection towards others. At that moment, moral imagination is required.
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Lieberfeld, Daniel. "EFRAIM INBAR, Rabin and Israel's National Security (Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press; Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999). Pp. 290. $32.00 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 4 (November 2000): 584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002919.
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Yitzhak Rabin left a complex and paradoxical legacy. The man who for decades embodied a national security policy based on forceful deterrence adopted, in the 1990s, a rhetoric of coexistence and cooperation. Rabin began to articulate positions identified with the Israeli left: that the Palestinians were at the heart of the Israeli–Arab conflict, and that the conflict was at least partly a product of “psychological walls” on both sides. Despite his traditionally hawkish views and staunch opposition to recognizing Yasir Arafat and the PLO, Rabin oversaw a reversal of policy toward Israel's former arch-enemy. Indeed, it was Rabin's stature as “Mr. Security” that made the Israeli–PLO Declaration of Principles possible. Unlike Shimon Peres, his rival for Labor Party leadership, Rabin's unrivaled role as an architect of national security policy and practice afforded him relative immunity to charges of excessive dovishness. Efraim Inbar, professor of politics at Bar-Ilan University, offers a lucid account of Rabin's contribution to Israeli security. Concluding that Rabin's approach to security was pragmatic, ad hoc, and without an overarching strategic vision (p. 169), Inbar nevertheless begins from the premise that for Rabin and other leaders of the Israeli Defense Force (IDF), the anarchic environment of Middle Eastern politics conditions Israel's security needs. In this environment, governments consider international law and treaties unreliable, so “self-help” and deterrence are the sole path to security. For Rabin, “What has assured Israel's existence…is primarily Israel's comprehensive power, with military might as the decisive element” (p. 11).
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Fesenko, О. D. "SHEVCHENKO’S HERITAGE IN TIMES OF INFORMATION CHALLENGES." Shevchenko Studies, no. 1(24) (2021): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2410-4094.2021.1(24).121-129.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the topical problem of using Shevchenko’s heritage in the context of novel hybrid war challenges during studying of the Ukrainian language and literature at Bohun Kyiv military lyceum. The innovative research includes the hottest educational problems of the given target audience, including humanistic and cultural consciousness of teenagers. Unveiling the potential of an inherited language program based on Shevchenko’s heritage gives the novel possibility to form and learn patriotic citizens. It is shown that forming of lyceum student’s thinking is tightly connected with assimilation of lexicon in particular of the Shevchenko’s subject matter. The main problems of humanitarian aspect of military education in a hybrid war environment are analyzed. The national verbal content and Shevchenko’s heritage in particular effectively help not only to defend, but to offense as well. The life and art heritage of Taras Shevchenko is the basis for offensive informational and educational strategy at the Bohun Kyiv military lyceum. Educational and training tasks during studying of Shevchenko’s heritage are analyzed, and include the formation of practical communicative skills of the new generation of lyceum students to be successfully self realized in a modern digitalized education. The obtained results include analysis of peculiarities of Shevchenko’s heritage studying according to the Program and during additional events, and a positive feedback of lyceum students to the studied material. Curriculum vitae of Taras Shevchenko is given as an example of purposefulness, fortitude, courage and uncompromising, devotion to Ukraine. Addressing of the art heritage of Shevchenko has shown to be highly productive, among them visiting his memorial places in Kyrylivka, Moryntsi, Kyiv, Chernihiv, Kholodny Yar, Kaniv, Chyhyryn, several places in Kazakhstan. It was confirmed that the Shevchenko’s heritage means the consolidation of the army based on all-nation values of the state language, history, culture, history, enhancing its defense capability. These practical studies showed that using Shevchenko’s heritage at military lyceum is a crucial tool of social views formation, motivation for self seeking, self establishing, in particular during complex transitional teenager period, and for preserving traditional moral imperatives and artistic-esthetical ideals.
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Redkinа, Olga, and Tatjana Nazarova. "Formation of Culture of Pacificism in the Russian Society: Transformation of Ideas of Mennonites." Logos et Praxis, no. 3 (December 2019): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.3.18.
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The article considers the gradual transformation of certain aspects of the pacifist doctrine of the Mennonites under the influence of new farming conditions in the sparsely populated and inaccessible regions of the Russian Empire. Understanding of our duties to the state, which sheltered the persecuted community at the end of the 18th century, guaranteed freedom of conscience (including the preservation of pacifism, among other things), this gave rise to a new attitude towards the Russian army, a desire to contribute to protecting the interests of the Fatherland in an acceptable form. The influence of Orthodox views on just wars, on the essence of serving the Fatherland on the patriotic views of the Mennonites of the Black Sea region seems probable. Remaining lawabiding citizens, during all wars the Mennonites found opportunities to provide comprehensive support to the Russian army without violating their religious beliefs – money donations, maintaining field hospitals, caring for wounded soldiers, providing transportation, food, and fodder. Reluctance to leave Russia in the 1870s after the introduction of universal military service, it stimulated the Mennonites to seek a compromise with the Russian state, and led to the emergence of an alternative service for them in the forest teams. The widespread possession of cold steel and firearms, which was seized from them in 1914–1915, speaks about the transformation of certain aspects of the pacifist beliefs of the Mennonites living in Novorossia. The extreme conditions of the First World War and the Civil War gave an impetus to a more active revision of the pacifist beliefs by the Mennonites, to an individual decision on the form of service in the army or abandonment of it. The possession of weapons, the presence of significant arsenals in the communities will lead to the creation of self-defense units during the Сivil war in Ukraine and the Crimea, to the combat participation of individual Mennonites on the side of the White and Red Armies. The majority of Mennonites will use the right not to serve in the army for religious reasons, enshrined in a decree of the SNK of the RSFSR in 1919.
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Ediyono, Suryo, Reza Sukma Nugraha, and Alif Al Hilal. "Indigenous Knowledge and Philosopy in Pencak Silat Tradition." Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities 9 (2023): 00019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.49451.
Full textAbstract:
Pencak silat is an attitude of self-reflection towards the embodiment of Javanese knowledge, because it teaches us to become human beings with noble character which can be achieved through the implementation of certain rituals such as breathing exercises, fasting and certain rituals. The concept of previous martial arts combined a total system of body training through physical and mental training, one is expected to know more about one's abilities, strengths and weaknesses, views of good and bad, know the beauty of every movement of the body and soul which is embedded in a spiritual quest called ngelmu. The existence of pencak silat as a martial art, which was developed and maintained in Java, cannot be separated from the customs of Javanese cultural traditions. Pencak silat is an interesting part of studying the essence and understanding a set of life principles as a guide to life. Pencak silat has a central role that reflects the epistemology of Javanese culture in general. This study was designed using qualitative research methods. The main approach in this research is focused on factual history. The analysis technique of synthesis and interpretation of data on the philosophy of Javanese culture which is reflected in the PSHT martial arts school. Ritual practices are manifested in the form of self-defense techniques that aim to explore the intuitive knowledge of PSHT members obtained through various processes. In essence, Javanese epistemology and its integration with ritual philosophy has the support of members of the pencak silat embodied in a ritual of salvation called slametan. Rituals involve the use of offerings which are philosophically believed to be able to bridge behavior with a spiritual sense, which is embedded in the martial arts practiced by members of the PSHT community. The process of moving from physical to spiritual forging is one of bodily encouragement that works in tandem with the spiritual sense phase.