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1
Lezhenina, Tatiana V. "INVESTMENT COOPERATION OF VIETNAM WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES, INCLUDING RUSSIA AT TRANSITION TO THE NEW HIGH-TECH MODEL OF ECONOMICS IN THE XXI CENTURY." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, no. 1-2 (2020): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2020-1-2-10.
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In the 21st century, a breakthrough in the global economy has come to transition to a new stage in the development of high technologies in the economy, social environment and strengthening the ties between countries along the path to new progress and cooperation. Vietnam has already emerged from the state of a medium-developed economy and gained experience for the transition to a highly developed economy, using the best practices and knowledge of the USA, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and China. Vietnam’s interaction with Russia has grown, using its experience in introducing into the economy and life new methods of using and transmitting information of universal scale and significance. For Vietnam, the transition to a new economic model will provide foreign direct investment, especially from highly developed countries. Tasks . Explore the factors and conditions of Vietnam's transition to a new economic model. Methodology. The methods of scientific knowledge of the main features and characteristics of the transition to a new high-tech model in the XXI century are used. Results. The high volume of Vietnam’s trade relations with highly developed countries of the world is proved, as one of the decisive factors for accumulating the resources for the transition to a new model, FDI received in Vietnam in the first two decades of the 21st century, its volume structure, investing countries, FDI, etc. are considered. Conclusions. Vietnam was able in a short historical time, passing the warriors and American aggression to create a solid foundation for the transition to a highly developed country in Southeast Asia. Vietnam received considerable assistance during this transition period from Russia.
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Nguyen, Quoc Hunga, and T. V. Lezhenina. "Economic Models of Mongolia and Vietnam: Common and Distinctive Features." Economics and Management 26, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-1-16-22.
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New economic models began to develop in Mongolia and Vietnam after the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), when former Soviet republics formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Further development after the USSR’s dissolution was especially difficult for Mongolia, which almost entirely relied on the economic aid from the USSR. The US and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) immediately took advantage of the crisis in Mongolia. They offered tranches to Mongolia under the condition of complete democratization of political power and establishment of market-based development institutions within the framework of a standby arrangement. Vietnam embarked on a course of destroying the socialist model in 1986, i.e. before the USSR’s collapse, and its transition to a market economy was peculiar, yet significantly different from Mongolia’s.Aim. The presented study aims to examine the benefits and drawbacks of the economic models of Vietnam and Mongolia as well as their common and distinctive features.Methods. The study uses general methods of analyzing the international experience of transforming economic models.Results. The authors prove the efficiency of the current Mongolian and Vietnamese models in the context of global instability and crises. Emergence of new, highly efficient technological paradigms and absence of internal political protests in Mongolia and Vietnam ensure economic sustainability and high growth rate. Russia’s military aid to these countries also plays an important role.Conclusions. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia received substantial assistance from the United States and was able to maintain state independence and develop its economy under the market conditions of economic activity. Relying on cooperation with Russia and China, in the 21st century Mongolia engaged in the processes of integration in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). The Vietnamese model was forming during the country’s participation in the ASEAN free trade zone and cooperation with the developed economies of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States. Unlike Mongolia, Vietnam retained full political leadership of the Communist party, the unity of its people, and support for the development of market economy. In confronting difficult challenges, Vietnam receives assistance from the Donor Club.
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Gordienko, Elena. "Vietnamese Tutelary Spirits (Thành Hoàng): History Of the Cult and its Current State." Человек и культура, no. 5 (May 2022): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2022.5.38950.
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This article discusses the cult of the tutelary spirits (thành hoàng) in Vietnam. These are spirits venerated as patrons of villages, rural communities and urban areas in Vietnam are expected to protect area against calamities, disasters, epidemics, wars, etc. These are mythical, historical and pseudo-historical characters who have merits to the area and its inhabitants. The veneration of them is rooted in the traditional culture. It is an integral part of the Vietnamese folk religion (tín ngưỡng dân gian Việt Nam). The spirits of the area are included in the pantheon of numerous deities and spirits (thần) worshipped by the Vietnamese nowadays despite the anti-religious policy of the Communist Party of Vietnam (in the second half of the 20th century). The article describes reconstruction of the history of the cult and a description of its current state. The milestones of its development are considered: the formation of the cult during the Late Lê dynasty (1428–1788), development trends during the Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1945), which included the period of colonization of Vietnam by the French, the decline of the cult in the second half of the 20th century in socialist Vietnam, the revival of the cult and the entire religious system with the beginning of economic reforms and the democratization of public life in the 1980-90s, and finally, the modern flourishing of the cult and the features of its adaptation to modern conditions. The definition of the historical forms of the cult allows to identify the dynamics in its development and describe the inevitable transformations of the cult in the 21st century, which often are not realized by the bearers of culture, who perceive the cult as an ancient unchanging tradition. The cult has not previously been studied by Soviet and Russian orientalists. I propose the first systematic description of the history of the cult and an assessment of its current state.
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Bao Ngoc, Tran, and Le Thi Thanh Thuy. "Teaching staff development by using competency-based human resource management approach: analyzing cases of Saigon University and University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, no. 1 (April 4, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i1.533.
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The competency-based human resource management is a trend in the context of higher education reform in the 21st century. The quality of education is increasingly focused, and the improvement of the quality of educational managers and teaching staff becomes a goal in a university’s strategic plan. This leads to a necessary for universities to identify core competencies and build competency frameworks that are consistent with the institutions’ strategy to promote the implementation of innovation of all aspects of universities (Vakola, M., Soderquist, KE, Prastacos, GP, 2007). Depending on the socio-economic context and conditions of each institution, educational managers choose or combine paradigms of human resource management to enhance the efficiency in the development of quality of teaching staff, contributing to boosting universities’ capacity adapting for new requirements of education innovation. Based on the theory of human resource management, the paper analyzes the situation of human resource management, especially the development and training of teaching staff at two departments of 2 public universities in Ho Chi Minh City. Thereby, the paper proposes some suggestions for the implementation of human resource management based on competencies to improve the universities’ teaching quality and meet the requirements of fundamental and comprehensive innovation in the field of Viet Nam education and training in the 21st century.
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Huyen, Bui Thi, and Luu Van Quyet. "Russia’s Pivot to Asia and Russia-Vietnam Economic Relations in the Early 21st Century." Emerging Science Journal 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 1492–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2022-06-06-017.
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Russia began to refocus its attention on the Asia-Pacific region in 1994, but the policy of pivoting toward Asia was implemented dramatically in the second decade of the 21st century. Adjustments made by Russia to its foreign policy and practical activities carried out by Russia in the region have impacted Russia-Vietnam relations generally and their economic ties in particular. Based on a qualitative approach and analysis of secondary data collected from previously conducted research works, this paper focuses on the following issues: (1) Adjustments made by Russia to its foreign policy towards Asia-Pacific over the first two decades of the 21st century; (2) Position of Vietnam in Russia’s foreign policy towards Asia–Pacific; and (3) Impacts of Russia’s new foreign policy on the economic ties between Russia and Vietnam over the first two decades of the 21st century. Based on the results of the analysis and evaluation, Russia's Asia-Pacific policy has been adjusted, particularly in the second decade of the 21stcentury, when the country turned its attention to Southeast Asia. Due to the importance of this region, Russia is implementing a comprehensive Asia policy and promoting Russia's interests in this region. The Russian Federation considers Vietnam an important partner in its "Look to the East" policy and plays a leading role because Vietnam is a country with an important geostrategic position to connect both land and sea between Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia. This is reflected in the Russian Federation's upgrading of its strategic partnership with Vietnam from 2001 to a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2012. The adjustment of the Asia-Pacific policy of the Russian Federation has positively affected the relationship between Vietnam and Russia in the economic fields (trade and investment). Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-06-017 Full Text: PDF
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Travkin, Pavel, and Elizaveta Marutina. "Brunei-Chinese Relations in the 21st Century." South East Asia Actual problems of Development, no. 3 (52) (2021): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-3-3-52-190-202.
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In the 21st century China is intensively penetrating the region. Beijing promotes its geopolitical agenda in the region through various methods – military, political, and economic methods. In the region, in addition to large states such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines, there are also small states like Singapore, Brunei, and East Timor. They are also greatly influenced by China, but they cannot resist China to the same extent as their larger neighbors do. Therefore, these countries are trying to seek mutual benefit in cooperation with China. If Singapore successfully builds its mutual cooperation with Beijing, while East Timor has long been a puppet of PRC. This article aims to analyze Brunei-China relations and answer the question: "Is Brunei a partner for the Celestial Empire or a new conductor of China's interests in the region."
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A. A., Elaev. "BURYAT ETHNOS IN THE 21st CENTURY." Human research of Inner Asia 3 (2022): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/2305-753x-2022-3-6-16.
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The article discusses the prospects for preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the Buryat people in the 21st century. Under the conditions of the transformation of Russian society over the past twenty years and the impact of global integration processes taking place in the world the opportunities for preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the Buryat ethnic group and its language are rapidly declining. Based on the analysis of vari-ous environmental factors, we have considered the possible scenarios for the development of the Buryat ethnos in the conditions of the socio-economic crisis and in the economic stability and growth, and summed up the total prospects for preserving its ethno-cultural identity in the 21st century. The “negative” scenario for the development of the Buryat ethnic group covers the crisis period of the 1990s and early 2000s. Predictive assessments are based on an analysis of the impact of crisis phenomena on the agricultural sector and the social sphere of the village, which led to the outflow of the Buryat population from the village to the city. The economic crisis has a negative impact on the institutions of reproduction and transmission of the Buryat culture: it leads to a reduction in funding and commercialization of their ac-tivities and separation from the needs of the bulk of the ethnic group. Thus, the socio-economic crisis accelerates the process of de-ethnization and acculturation of the ethnos. The “positive” scenario reflects the development of the ethnic group in the context of eco-nomic growth, however, its consequences also negatively affect the preservation of ethnic identity and language, since the needs of the economic development of the ancestral terri-tory of the Buryat ethnic group will entail an influx of labour resources, that is, a popula-tion of other ethnicities, which will reduce the demographic power of the Buryat ethnic group. Thus, the economic growth, as well as the economic crisis will contribute to the ac-culturation and assimilation of the Buryats. In the context of global integration processes taking place in the world and the current policy of Russia, the opportunities of preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the Buryat ethnos and its language due to objective reasons will gradually decrease in the 21st century.
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Nguyen, Tac An. "Marine economy - the new development trend of mankind in the \(21^{st}\) century." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 21, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/16858.
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The article introduces the basic understanding of the marine economy and why humankind has to turn to the sea and the ocean in the 21st century, sea and ocean use, and approaches to exploitation and governance of ocean, marine, coastal and island economy for sustainable development. It also analyses international and regional lessons learned, the actual situation of marine economic growth in Vietnam in the past 30 years, some management and exploitation solutions (integrated management, ecological security, international cooperation,...) for socioeconomic development, sovereignty protection and territorial security in the East Vietnam Sea in the current complex context.
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Tran, Tuan. "The First Annual National Vietnam Medical Education Conference “Preparing the 21st Century Physician”." MedPharmRes 2, no. 1 (April 2, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.32895/ump.mpr.2.1.1/suffix.
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President of University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Department of Pediatrics - UMP We are delighted to introduce the Special Issue for the medical education derived from the 1st National Vietnam Medical Education Conference: “Preparing the 21st Century Physician”. The First Annual National Vietnam Medical Education Conference was held on 2-3 December, 2017, by the Vietnam Ministry of Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Ho Chi Minh City, and the Improving Access, Curriculum and Teaching in Medical Education and Emerging Diseases (IMPACT-MED) Alliance, which is supported by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by Partnership for Health Advancement Vietnam, a collaboration between Harvard Medical School, the Brigham & Women’s Hospital and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. It has attracted approximately 300 leaders in the medical education, faculties and students from Vietnam and around the world. This conference comes at an exciting time in the socio-economic development of Vietnam. The Vietnamese health sector has made enormous strides in the control of communicable diseases, increasing the life expectancy and increasing access to the health care for its population over the past 40 years since the reunification of the country. In July 2017, Vietnam became a middle-income country, and with this new status comes new health challenges, which if not addressed, will impede the continued development of the country. Non-communicable diseases, a rapidly aging population, emerge threats of pandemics, environmental pollution, and climate change are all at our doorstep. Additionally, an increasingly connected society that demands a high-quality healthcare, the government’s plan for Universal Health Care, and the desire for regional and an international integration all represent the challenges and opportunities that we must tackle. Addressing these challenges and opportunities starts with transforming the health workforce. There is an urgent need to update the country’s system of health education including university curricula and transforming approaches to teaching and learning to train health professionals who can adapt and react to the health challenges and realize the opportunities that are presented. A comprehensive curriculum reform is difficult. However, we can build upon the experience of previous, smaller-scale reform projects, and capitalize on the investments and support from the highest level of government to transform our health education system. We have built strong partnerships among the network of universities and colleges in Vietnam to support each other, and we also have support from international partners. Education reform is a necessity for Vietnam. The conversations and discussions that we have at this inaugural conference will pave the way towards the transformation of our health education system. The conference aims to provide a forum for sharing innovations and advances in the medical education, stimulate discussions among medical education leaders, inspire further innovations, and foster a community of medical educators invested in advancing medical education research and quality improvement. This entire volume is devoted to select the manuscripts, which was generated from the conference. We hope that it will be productive, and you will be inspired, energized and motivated to continue the efforts towards health education reform for your university/college, and for the country of Vietnam.
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Binh, Ngo Xuan. "Main Characteristics of Vietnam–China Trade Relations, 2000–15." China Report 53, no. 3 (July 24, 2017): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445517711510.
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Entering the 21st century, trade relations between Vietnam and China have grown strongly, making positive contributions to the economic development of the two countries. However, the relationship in the period 2000–15 also witnessed a number of thorny issues such as a serious trade imbalance against Vietnam, the ‘North to South’ nature in the import and export structure of the two countries, Vietnam’s growing dependence on bilateral trade with China, and so on. These issues have affected negatively Vietnam’s economy. Based on data analysis, the author identifies the key characteristics of trade relations between Vietnam and China and highlights possible solutions for Vietnam to move its trade relations with China in a more balanced direction.
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Nguyen, Xuan Phuong, and Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen. "Strategies for Maritime Development: A case in Vietnam." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.12.986.
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Strategic assessors of the 21st century are "The Century of the Ocean," because, along with current economic and demographic growth, natural resources, especially non-renewable resources on land, will be exhausted after several decades. The world economy is increasingly dependent on the sea and the ocean. About 70% of the world's industrial potential is in the 500km wide area of the coast. The mineral, biological and marine resources of the oceans and oceans have an important implication for the world economy. Marine ecosystems are the most important resource with hundreds of thousands of animals, plants, and microorganisms. Sea is a diversified and abundant source of seafood, chemicals, salt, oil and gas, clean energy from the sea and oceans, wind, seawater, ocean currents, and the tide is being exploited for transportation, energy and countless other human benefits. The sea and the continental shelf are waterways that can develop tourism, sightseeing and recreation activities. The role of marine economics, including maritime economics, has become increasingly important and has been identified as a key sector for investment. This paper analyzes the advantages, limitations, and causes in maritime economic development, and draws on experiences to develop the maritime economy.
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Nguyen, Xuan Phuong, and Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen. "Strategies for Maritime Development: A case in Vietnam." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.12.986.
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Strategic assessors of the 21st century are "The Century of the Ocean," because, along with current economic and demographic growth, natural resources, especially non-renewable resources on land, will be exhausted after several decades. The world economy is increasingly dependent on the sea and the ocean. About 70% of the world's industrial potential is in the 500km wide area of ??the coast. The mineral, biological and marine resources of the oceans and oceans have an important implication for the world economy. Marine ecosystems are the most important resource with hundreds of thousands of animals, plants, and microorganisms. Sea is a diversified and abundant source of seafood, chemicals, salt, oil and gas, clean energy from the sea and oceans, wind, seawater, ocean currents, and the tide is being exploited for transportation, energy and countless other human benefits. The sea and the continental shelf are waterways that can develop tourism, sightseeing and recreation activities. The role of marine economics, including maritime economics, has become increasingly important and has been identified as a key sector for investment. This paper analyzes the advantages, limitations, and causes in maritime economic development, and draws on experiences to develop the maritime economy.
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Binh An, Nguyen. "Regulations of CSR and status of the global environmental health in the 21st century." International journal of health sciences 6, S1 (March 20, 2022): 1552–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.4888.
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"Corporate social responsibility" (CSR) is often related with environmental issues, and is referred to as "green CSR." It's an idea that's gaining traction throughout the world. It is regarded as one of the most efficient measures in the business domain by hierarchies in the business domain. It's worth noting that the researchers used a secondary qualitative strategy to obtain data in this situation. It enables academics to quickly access vast amounts of data. Using peer-reviewed publications, the researchers were able to maintain the article's integrity in this circumstance. In this study, the result of the research has been displayed through the means of thematic analysis. The themes were made out of the most common observations made from the analysis of the secondary data and proper references have been put to support the observations made by the researcher. The outcome reveals that Vietnam is dealing with its own set of issues. Vietnam has huge challenges as a result of its linear economy. As a result, the government is working tirelessly to enact new environmental legislation in order to alter the economic curve. The government must integrate with both domestic and international commercial entities.
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Erkan, Hakan Sezgin. "Transformation of Migration Rules from Local to Global." BORDER CROSSING 8, no. 2 (December 11, 2018): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v8i2si.657.
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In the 21st century, the scope and the size of migration are more different than previous centuries. The reason behind this is that there are no more global wars or conflicts between states and the economic developments reached the highest levels for some of the countries. Moreover, states try to increase their industrial level. Hence, the conflicts and the economic development level shape migration routes and the destination country. In this context, I will utilize geopolitics and economic development levels to classify countries. As a result of the end of global conflicts and global war, economic conditions became main determinant for migrations in the globalized world in the 21st century. In the 20th century, the scope of migration was small compared to 21st century because of various reasons. Standardized education and high level industrialization are of two main reasons. In the 21st century, the industrialization hit the top level of the world history and education took standardized structure among particular countries. In this research, all countries will be examined in detail with respect to UN Data. Furthermore, the following questions are targeted to be answered: Does migration flow from less developed countries to developed countries? Do developed countries accommodate more immigrants in their borders?
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Whalen, Brian. "Introduction." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 9, no. 1 (August 15, 2003): vii—x. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v9i1.112.
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This volume of Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad offers a wide variety of approaches and topics in international education research. First, readers will note the geographic diversity that the articles represent; they examine study abroad topics in Africa, Argentina, Costa Rica, France, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Second, the articles cover a wide-range of issues, including language acquisition, risk management, recruitment of minority students for study abroad, evaluation of cultural integration, and financial inequities in study abroad. Third, this volume contains articles by a variety of authors, including U.S.-based study abroad administrators, faculty members, and on-site resident directors. Finally, the modes of inquiry are as varied as the topics and authors. Research approaches in this volume include survey instruments, interviews, participant observation, case studies, literature review, as well as analytical essays.
This diversity of geography, issues, authors, and modes of inquiry has from the beginning characterized the content of Frontiers and been one of its chief strengths. When the first volume of Frontiers appeared in 1995, one was hard pressed to find many research-based and analytical studies in the field, let alone the diversity of such work that this volume represents. In this regard, Frontiers has matured along with the field of international education, and today, almost ten years later, this volume reflects the growing importance being placed on research on the critical aspects of our work.
The opening article by Lilli Engle and John Engle, “Study Abroad Levels: Toward a Classification of Program Types,” offers a revolutionary perspective by which international educators may categorize and judge study abroad programs. Their proposed typology makes qualitative distinctions between study abroad program models based on their view of a spectrum of cultural immersion. Frontiers readers will find their analysis provocative, stimulating study abroad professionals to examine programming in useful ways.
In “Women and Cultural Learning in Costa Rica: Reading the Contexts,” Adele Anderson reviews research on Costa Rica’s cultural context, student adjustment and tourism theory, relating them to American student experiences, and she includes data from ethnographic observations and interviews collected during three years as a resident director of short-term programs. Anderson introduces a tool that may be used by resident directors to guide student cultural adjustment more systematically.
Mark Ritchie, an on-site resident director in Thailand, provides a very useful analysis of study abroad risk management in his article, “Risk Management in Study Abroad: Lessons from the Wilderness.” Ritchie draws upon the principles of wilderness education, especially as it is conducted in developing countries, in offering recommendations for study abroad risk management. Readers will appreciate his suggestions for reducing risk by applying the experiential techniques of wilderness education.
J. Scott Van Der Meid’s study, “Asian Americans: Factors Influencing the Decision to Study Abroad,” examines the factors that influence Asian American students’ decision to study abroad, and provides useful suggestions for considering ways to increase study abroad participation among this population. As the field of study abroad continues to seek ways to increase minority participation in study abroad, Van Der Meid’s study offers a model for examining this question among all ethnic groups.
In their analysis of an innovative Vietnam study abroad program, “History Lived and Learned: Students and Vietnam Veterans in an Integrative Study Abroad Course,” Raymond Scurfield, Leslie Root, and Andrew Wiest et al, analyze the collaborative learning experience of students and Vietnam veterans in a program that combined the teaching of Vietnam culture and military history with an exploration of the mental health aspects of combat and post-war recovery of the veterans. This article discusses the lessons learned from the experience of designing and implementing a study abroad program that integrates history education with therapeutic objectives. Jennifer Coffman and Kevin Brennan analyze the economic imbalance of African educational exchange with the United States in their article, “African Studies Abroad: Meaning and Impact of America’s Burgeoning Export Industry.” Coffman and Brennan recommend developing more equitable models of reciprocity by examining the economics of U.S. – African exchanges, and by reconsidering the ways in which African study abroad programs are conceived and implemented in light of their social and intellectual impact.
“Development of Oral Communication Skills Abroad” by Christina Isabelli-Garcia examines the impact of a semester study abroad program in Argentina on the second language acquisition of three American university Spanish learners. Isabelli-Garcia’s study measures the development of two aspects of communications skills: first, fluency and performance in the oral functions of narration, and, second, description and supporting an opinion. Her study provides insight into the conditions of a study abroad program that best promote the acquisition of improved oral communication skills in a target language.
In “Studying Abroad in Nepal: Assessing Impact,” Patricia Farrell and Murari Suvedi present the perceived impact of studying in Nepal on students’ academic program, personal development, and intellectual development. Using a survey instrument as well as interviews and case studies, the authors link the reported outcomes to the objectives of the study abroad program.
We are pleased to include in this volume of Frontiers an essay by Patti McGill Peterson, “New Directions for the Global Century.” McGill Peterson’s analysis of the changing and challenging context for global education inspires us to meet the demands of the 21st century with determination, creativity, and enhanced global collaboration.
This volume of Frontiers concludes with reviews of books of interest to international educators, each relating to diverse intellectual foundations of the field: Jean-Philippe Mathy’s Extrême-Occident: French Intellectuals and America, Louis Menand’s The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America, and First Great Triumph: How Five Americans Made Their Country a World Power by Warren Zimmermann. We encourage our readers to continue to suggest books of interest, and to submit reviews for consideration.
The update on the Forum on Education Abroad that appears at the back of this volume reflects the continuing fruitful collaboration between Frontiers and the Forum. Together with the Forum, Frontiers will continue to encourage and support research studies on study abroad topics, and to disseminate this research as widely as possible.
The next volume of Frontiers, due to be published in November, 2004, will be our tenth anniversary volume. It is appropriate that this anniversary volume will be a Special Issue that focuses on the assessment of the learning outcomes of study abroad, a topic that reflects the maturation of a field that is now beginning to document the results of its activity. Other Special Issues that are in the planning stages include: curriculum integration and study abroad, the arts and study abroad, and student development and study abroad.
Finally, I want to thank the new sponsors of Frontiers who, together with our existing sponsors, make the publication of this journal possible. The sponsors of Frontiers are institutions with a strong commitment to international education, and we are proud to be supported by them. The editorial board takes seriously its responsibility to provide the very best writing about and research on study abroad to our readers, and the support of our sponsors makes this mission possible.
Brian J. Whalen
Editor
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SOLODOVNIKOV, S. "PROPERTY AS A POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CATEGORY IN THE 21ST CENTURY." Экономическая наука сегодня, no. 10 (December 11, 2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-6667-2019-10-5-14.
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The article systematically considers traditional and modern approaches to the definition of property as an economic phenomenon. The general and special in relation to property in the 21st century are shown. In particular, the author notes an increase in the value of ownership of functions and “dispersed” forms of ownership in the network economy, as well as a wide range of objects of property relations, which includes the entire set of economic goods — material means of production, the natural environment, and consumer values, information and social conditions of production, production and social abilities of individuals and the production and socio-economic functions themselves, information and knowledge. The definition of property as a political and economic category is given.
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Nguyen, Nga, and Nguyet Pham. "Knowledge Exchange between Poland and Vietnam in Mining and Geology – the Status Quo and Future Development." E3S Web of Conferences 35 (2018): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183506002.
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From the beginning of the 21st century, knowledge exchange between Poland and Vietnam in mining and geology has been focusing in technology, education and training. Since years, Polish academic and commercial partners have been developing a close collaboration with Vietnam National Coal – Mineral Industries Holding Corporation Limited. Major outcomes of the collaboration are installations and operation of mining equipments and machines in Vietnamese mining companies, and excellent training programs for graduate and post graduate students and mining staff for both countries, etc. From aspects of knowledge management in globalization, the article highlights the outstanding outcomes of knowledge exchanges between the two countries, outlines cultural and economic challenges for the exchange and proposes some improvement in the future.
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Muñoz, Oscar González, and Milagros Cano Flores. "Basic principles of economic policy and public decision in the 21st century." Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS) 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.1.21.31.
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In the midst of the new contributions to economic theory and the new challenges that represent globality as a means of integrating markets through the economic policy of the neoliberal order, versus the consolidation of a neo-institutional system through the defense of the Sovereignty as a nationalism of attention to the conditions of political life, it is necessary to conduct a respectful analysis of the new scenario of international life through current economic theory. The objective of this paper is to carry out an analysis of the known economic policy models through the theoretical contribution of classical economists. It is a theoretical exercise and bases its result on the concretion of the complexity of the economic model currently known.
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Khilchevskyi, V. "GLOBAL WATER RESOURCES: CHALLENGES OF THE 21st CENTURY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 76-77 (2020): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2020.76-77.1.
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The article provides an analytical overview of the state of global water resources and their use in the world. The focus is on the most important component of water resources – freshwater, which on the planet is only 2.5 % of the total. The most accessible renewable water resources are river runoff, which is distributed unevenly on the surface of the planet: Asia (32 %), South America (28 %), North America (18 %), Africa (9 %), Europe (7%), Australia and Oceania (6 %). Along with the characteristics of the known components of freshwater resources (river runoff, groundwater, glaciers), attention is also focused on trends in attracting unconventional sources (recovered wastewater or gray water, desalinated, specially collected rainwater). The total use of fresh water in the world is only 9 % of the total river flow of the planet. At the same time, the problem of water scarcity was included in the list of the World Economic Forum 2015, as one of the global risks in terms of the potential impact on human society in the next decade. Among the causes of global water, scarcity are geographical and socio-economic. Geographical reasons are the spatial and temporal (seasonal) mismatch of the demand for fresh water and its availability. Socio-economic reasons are the growth of the world’s population, urbanization, improving living standards, changes in consumption patterns, and an increase in irrigated land. The latter has become key to the growth of global water demand. Experts forecast that the limited access to fresh water in 2050 can be felt by 3.3 billion more people than in 2000. The article gives examples of a methodology for the hydrological assessment of water scarcity (calculation of the ratio of the volume of annual renewable water resources to the population) and the methodology of economic and geographical assessment. Other approaches to assessing water resources by creating new paradigms (water – blue, green, virtual, water footprint) have been characterized. Throughout the history of mankind, there have been many conflicts related to water. Active water cooperation between countries today reduces the risk of military conflicts. This conclusion was made after studying transboundary water relations in more than 200joint river basins, covering 148 countries. The right to safe water and sanitation is a fundamental right of everyone (UN, 2010). Therefore, among the 17 sustainable development goals adopted by the UN for implementation for the period 2015-2030, Global Goal 6 “Clean Water and Good Sanitary Conditions” is aimed at ensuring sustainable management of water resources and sanitation for all. This will save people from diseases, and society will be given the opportunity to be more productive in economic terms.
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Puślecki, Zdzisław W. "Nowe zjawiska w stosunkach handlowo-ekonomicznych Unii Europejskiej z Chińską Republiką Ludową." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 1 (November 2, 2018): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2012.17.1.3.
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The topic of these considerations concerns the development of trade and economic relations between the European Union and the People’s Republic of China. Their purpose is to indicate new phenomena in these relations. Analysis has shown that mutual economic relations in the first decade of the 21st century expanded considerably on account of common interests. The economic crisis at the turn of the first decade of the 21st century inspired plans to stimulate the economies of both parties, and tighten mutual relations. On both sides there are the conditions and prerequisites to further develop and intensify broad economic cooperation. The Chinese competitive challenge, resulting from its dynamic development, is particularly topical and important for the prospects of the European Union’s global position.
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Terziev, Venelin, and Preslava Dimitrova. "SOCIAL POLICY DEVELOPLMENT AT THE BEGINNING OF 21ST CENTURY." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2801273t.
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The social policy of a country is a set of specific activities aimed at regulating the social relations between different in their social status subjects. This approach to clarifying social policy is also called functional and essentially addresses social policy as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality in society. It provides an opportunity to look for inequalities in the economic positions of individuals in relation to ownership, labor and working conditions, distribution of income and consumption, social security and health, to look for the sources of these inequalities and their social justification or undue application.The modern state takes on social functions that seek to regulate imbalances, to protect weak social positions and prevent the disintegration of the social system. It regulates the processes in society by harmonizing interests and opposing marginalization. Every modern country develops social activities that reflect the specifics of a particular society, correspond to its economic, political and cultural status. They are the result of political decisions aimed at directing and regulating the process of adaptation of the national society to the transformations of the market environment. Social policy is at the heart of the development and governance of each country. Despite the fact that too many factors and problems affect it, it largely determines the physical and mental state of the population as well as the relationships and interrelationships between people. On the other hand, social policy allows for a more global study and solving of vital social problems of civil society. On the basis of the programs and actions of political parties and state bodies, the guidelines for the development of society are outlined. Social policy should be seen as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality between different individuals and social groups in society. Its importance is determined by the possibility of establishing on the basis of the complex approach: the economic positions of the different social groups and individuals, by determining the differences between them in terms of income, consumption, working conditions, health, etc .; to explain the causes of inequality; to look for concrete and specific measures to overcome the emerging social disparities.
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Taylor, K. W. "The Literati Revival in Seventeenth-century Vietnam." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 18, no. 1 (March 1987): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400001223.
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Modern Vietnamese history is generally considered to begin with the seventeenth century. The final destruction of the Cham kingdom and the concurrent territorial expansion presided over by the Nguyễn lords of Hue increased the visibility of the Vietnamese people along the South China Sea and attracted the attention of refugees, merchants, and missionaries from China, Japan, and Europe. These foreign contacts were symptomatic of basic changes occurring in Vietnam; they were not the cause. From the decline of the Lê dynasty early in the sixteenth century, political life was dominated by militarized family alliances. By the second quarter of the seventeenth century, the two most successful families in the competition for power were locked in a grim testing of wills. Mutually aggressive policies remained inconclusive after half a century of warfare, however, and were eventually abandoned by both parties. This resulted from the rise of new interests tied to the internal social, political, and economic conditions of Vietnam. The rise of these new interests was the most significant development in the seventeenth century.
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Jacobson, Erik. "Workforce Development Rhetoric and the Realities of 21st Century Capitalism." Literacy and Numeracy Studies 24, no. 1 (March 18, 2016): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/lns.v24i1.4898.
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Increasingly, the provision of adult education (including literacy and training programs) is influenced by a rhetoric of workforce development that tasks education with closing a supposed ‘skills gap’ between the skills that workers have and what employers are looking for. This deficit model of education blames adult learners for their own condition, as well as for larger problems in the economy. In addition to arguing for broader goals for adult education, those in the field also need to question the economic premises of this rhetoric. A review of current economic conditions points to fundamental aspects of capitalism as the source of instability, which means that education and training programs have a limited ability to move large numbers of people out of poverty. For this reason, students and teachers in adult education should focus on developing structural analyses of the situation and push for substantive changes in the economy.
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Binh, Nguyen Tuan. "The “rise” of China in the early years of the twenty-first century and its impacts on Viet Nam." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, no. 4 (December 13, 2020): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i4.610.
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The "rise'' of China is the most mentioned phrase in nearly the first two decades of the 21st century. The emergence of China in many fields (politics - diplomacy, economy, military security, etc.) is considered a prominent phenomenon which attracts the attention of Asian countries and of the whole world. In addition, this "rise'' has a strong influence on the development of the world, changing the distribution of global power. As a close neighbor and having many similarities with China, Vietnam bears significant impacts caused by the "rise'' of this Asian power. In the process of developing the country, Vietnam has favorable conditions to receive favorable factors and inevitably faces the challenges from China's "rise'' in many aspects. It can be affirmed that, from the strong development of China today, the relationship between China and Vietnam is an "asymmetric relationship''. The asymmetry in China - Vietnam relationship takes place in almost all major areas of cooperation, including politics, economy and military security. Within the scope of this article, the author mainly focuses on analyzing the basic issues surrounding China's "rise''; some of the major impacts of this issue are on security and development of Vietnam in recent years.
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Qureshi, Sarfraz Khan. "Economic Development: Pakistan's Policy Choices for the 21st Century (Presidential Remarks)." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4I (December 1, 1998): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4ipp.19-23.
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It is an honour for me as President of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists to welcome you to the 14th Annual General Meeting and Conference of th~ Society. As we prepare to enter the new millennium, we find ourselves at a crucial moment in history. It is time to take stock of our past achievements and to assess the new challenges. To deal with the future would require not only thorough knowledge of the evolving nature of development thinking but also a good sense of the policy choices available to a country in its national, international and regional position. What are the main challenges that require our urgent attention? A few words are in order at the very outset about Pakistan's current difficult economic situation. The slow-down in export expansion, capital inflows and foreign direct investment was an expected consequence of the imposition of sanctions. The pessimistic assessment of Pakistan's prospects is based largely on the recent negative trends of these economic parameters. The optimists are of the view that Pakistan has survived the imposition of sanctions rather well. Economic growth has remained positive and inflation has been kept under reasonable control. The optimists further maintain that Pakistan's current economic situation is no worse than that of the East Asian countries when. they started their economic climb and engineered major institutional and policy changes. Lessons from the initial years of the East Asian miracle clearly show that development is decidedly possible no matter what adverse initial conditions obtain in any developing country. Sustained, rapid and equitable growth is possible through the implementation of wide-ranging social and economic reforms. Lessons from'the recentEast Asian Crises are also before us-guiding us on what not to do and how best to protect ourselves in these rapidly changing times.
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Kuok, Hung Nguyen. "COOPERATION OF RUSSIA WITH VIETNAM." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, no. 1-2 (2020): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2020-1-2-09.
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Russia is developing cooperation with Vietnam in the format of a comprehensive strategic partnership and in conditions of mutual understanding and trust of the heads of state. Military and economic cooperation began in 1946 during the first Indochina war, strengthened and expanded in 1966-1973. during the Second Indochina war. Vietnam received tremendous help in rebuilding the national economy and industrialization from the USSR until its collapse in 1991. Restructuring in post-Soviet Russia affected the sharp reduction in military assistance and economic relations with Vietnam. In the XXI century, the rapid development of Russian-Vietnamese cooperation began as part of the RF’s strategy for the “return to Asia” brand. Tasks. Explore the current trends in relations between Russia and Vietnam in the face of global instability, new threats and challenges of the XXI century. Methodology. The use of scientific methods of cognition and study of factors affecting interstate relations. Results. The results of military-technical cooperation and trade are analyzed. Personal participation of the President of the Russian Federation in the restoration of a comprehensive strategic partnership. Conclusions. Vietnam, relying on Russia, successfully solves economic problems and has a reliable military shield to repel any aggression in the turbulent and explosive atmosphere of confrontation with China due to the military conflict in the South China Sea.
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Hoang Hai, Ha, and Thai Nguyen Duy. "DEFENSE DIPLOMACY: VIETNAM’S NEW APPROACH FOR NATIONAL SECURITY." Journal of Science Social Science 63, no. 7 (July 2018): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1067.2018-0052.
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The paper examines how Vietnam’s defense diplomacy following a multidirectional and diversified approach works in order to maintain and increase national security and strategic interests since the beginning of the 21st century. In doing so, it aims to clarify conceptual and practical aspects of military diplomacy. In the area of national defense policy, Vietnam strives to ensure stability not only of bilateral relations but also of the strategic environment of the region for the national security and territorial integrity. Furthermore, Vietnam’s defense diplomacy aims to deal with the traditional security issue of sovereignty over the East Sea, thereby maintaining economic development and regime legitimacy. This paper concludes that Vietnam seeks to use defense diplomacy in order to preserve its strategic autonomy in facing security challenges caused by major international powers.
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Robert, Pierre C. "643 Site-specific Management for the 21st Century." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 558D—558. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.558d.
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The new agricultural system called soil/site specific crop management (SSCM), now more generally named precision agriculture (precision farming) is the start of a revolution in natural resource management based on INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND CONTROL: it is bringing agriculture in the digital and information age. New technologies in the early 80s, particularly the microprocessor, made possible the development in the United States of farm machinery computers and controllers, the electronic acquisition and process of spatial field data to build farm geographic record keeping systems, the production of soil/site specific condition and management maps using GIS, the positioning of machines using GPS, and the development of real-time soil and crop sensors, particularly yield sensors. The concept of precision agriculture originated from a better awareness of soil and crop conditions variability within fields. The variability of soil conditions within parcels in the U.S. has been demonstrated in many ways (soil survey, soil sampling, and remote sensing) for both soil nutrients and soil physical properties (e.g., available water and compaction). It is progressively found that the concept of precision agriculture can be applied to a variety of crops and practices; management technological levels; and farm types and sizes. For example, in addition to grain crops (corn, soybeans, and wheat), applications are now developed for sugar beet and sugar cane, potato, cotton, peanut, vegetables, turf, or- chard, livestock, tree plantation, etc. Precision agriculture is still in infancy but it is the agricultural system of the future because it offers a unique variety of potential benefits in profitability, productivity, sustainability, crop quality, food safety, environmental protection, on-farm quality of life, and rural economic development.
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Et al., Dr Pham Ngoc Tram. "Experiences in the Blue Economy Development of Northeast Asia Countries in the Context of Industrial Revolution 4.0 – Implication for Vietnam." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (April 5, 2021): 2167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.4821.
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In the 21st century, in addition to the growing population and the depletion of land-based mineral and energy resources, the development of coastal economic sectors has become a new global concern. Therefore, all marine countries in the world consider the development and use of marine resources an essential part of their national development strategy. The marine economy gradually stimulates competition among nations. This article is based on the synthesis of documents to learn and analyze experiences of coastal development in some Northeast Asian countries in the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. From there, draw reference lessons for Vietnam.
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Pakhar, Lyudmila I. "«Superfluous people» as social and philosophical problem of the 21st century." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 3 (2020): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2020-3-448-458.
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The article deals with the problem of «superfluous people» in the contemporary socio-cultural reality. This term appeared in Russian literature and journalism in the middle of the 19th century to describe people who, with all their external well-being, were dissatisfied with their own life. In contrast to this interpretation, the English economist T. Malthus defined «superfluous people» as the population that consumes resources with minimal profit. The author of the article is in search for the answer to the question why in the contemporary world there is an increase in the number of «superfluous people» in the Malthus’s sense, that is the outcasts, the unemployed, and people who do not fit the standards of consumer society. According to the author, the reason is the distortion of social attitudes in developed countries of the West. The global economic crisis, especially in the context of COVID-19, requires a change in the liberal economic course. The author suggests adjusting the Russian economic policy taking into account the constant sanctions imposed by the West against the Russian Federation. In these conditions, the most appropriate option is the mobilization economic policy. The government should ensure the creation of enterprises for manufacturing import-substituting products, which would protect the country’s economy from the inevitable collapse. Significant attention and support should also be given to the social sphere, which would provide the population with a sufficient number of jobs. These actions of the government would support the country’s economic and social stability, thus making it possible to avoid mass unemployment.
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Feng, Lin, Longfang Liu, and He Zhang. "Game Theory-Based Pathway Selection for Fair and Reciprocal Cooperation among Ports along the Maritime Silk Road." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (October 23, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2812418.
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The transport infrastructure connection is the fundamental base for the promotion of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative. Ports, as the core elements in the connection, contribute to the practical infrastructure connections along the maritime road. A multihierarchical cooperation framework in between the ports and based on the fair and mutual benefit concept is the cornerstone of constructing the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and the engine fuelling the updation of Chinese seaports and growth. This paper first defines the port cooperation along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and analyses the opportunity and challenges from the perspectives of the port-industrial and the port-region interaction. Then, it develops research into port cooperation, path selection, cooperation mechanisms, and application conditions in analysing port FDI, BOT, port alliances, multimode transport, and the institutional innovation of China’s ports. In conclusion, we develop a game theory selection analysis to study multiwin cooperation for port FDI in host countries along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.
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Hanasaki, N., S. Fujimori, T. Yamamoto, S. Yoshikawa, Y. Masaki, Y. Hijioka, M. Kainuma, et al. "A global water scarcity assessment under shared socio-economic pathways – Part 1: Water use." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2012): 13879–932. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-13879-2012.
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Abstract. A novel global water scarcity assessment for the 21st century is presented in a two-part paper. In this first paper, water use scenarios are presented for the latest global hydrological models. The scenarios are compatible with the socio-economic scenarios of the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs), which are a part of the latest set of scenarios on global change developed by the integrated assessment, IAV (climate change impact, adaptation, and vulnerability assessment), and climate modeling community. The SSPs depict five global situations based on substantially different socio-economic conditions during the 21st century. Water use scenarios were developed to reflect the key concepts underpinning each situation. Each scenario consists of five factors: irrigation area, crop intensity, irrigation efficiency, industrial water withdrawal, and municipal water withdrawal. The first three factors are used to estimate agricultural water withdrawal. All factors were developed using simple models based on a literature review and analysis of historical records. The factors are grid-based at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° and cover the whole 21st century at 5-yr intervals. Each factor displays a wide variation among the different global situations depicted: the irrigation area in 2085 varies between 270 and 450 km2, industrial water between 246 and 1714 km3 yr−1, and domestic water withdrawal between 573 and 1280 km3 yr−1. The water use scenarios can be used for global water scarcity assessments by identifying the regions vulnerable to water scarcity and analyzing the timing and magnitude of scarcity conditions.
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Caldararo, Niccolo. "Fear of China: Economic and Political Challenge in the 21st Century: A Pacific Society, Weapons, Roots and Trends." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 2, no. 4 (November 28, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v2i4.227.
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While the world has been distracted since the American war in Vietnam and the Soviet and western adventures in Afghanistan, as well as a rising tide of rebellion directed against symbols of the west by Islamic fundamentalists, a curious contest has appeared on two fronts: Russia and China. At the same time the west is distracted by populist movements whose theme is focused on immigrants from former colonial nations or non-whites in a context, as in America, where aboriginal peoples have been slaughtered and marginalized. The specific nature of this conflict is economic in general form, yet political in rhetoric, especially from western sources. From the Ukraine to the Pacific a kind of “Phoney War” has crept along in starts and stops with overtures of friendship interrupted with threats of violence and minor acts of aggression. Investigation of some of the underlying factors in the East illuminate potential trends for the future. At the same time a new revitalization movement is reshaping the Anglo-American west, one that challenges the role of China in trade and policy.
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Wijaya Tjoek, Patrick, and Pei-Ing Wu. "Exploring the environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 and SO2 for Southeast Asia in the 21st century context." Environmental Economics 9, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.09(1).2018.01.
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This study aims to investigate the relationships between economic development and environmental degradation regarding the emissions of CO2 and SO2 in Southeast Asia (SEA). The pooling data consist of 10 countries, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, in the period 2003-2012. Furthermore, income elasticity of CO2 and SO2 emissions is computed for each country to observe the sensitivity of environmental degradation through the emissions of CO2 and SO2 brought by economic development. The results indicate that CO2 displays an inverted U-shape pattern, whereas SO2 has decreased at an increasing rate since 2003. It is expected that SO2 will increase as the SEA economies further develop. The turning points for both CO2 and SO2, indicate that the current SEA income level has not reached the turning point. The income elasticities show that income elasticities for CO2 are positive for all 10 countries. Both Singapore and Malaysia are classified as countries with high income. However, Singapore, with 0.64%, has the highest income elasticity, and Malaysia, with 0.15%, has the second lowest. There is no indication that wealthy countries have a significant impact on CO2 through economic development. Income elasticities for SO2 of each country are all negative. This suggests that SO2 is an inferior good. Brunei, with 8.41%, has the most sensitivity toward change in SO2 emissions, whereas Myanmar, with only 0.58%, is the least sensitive to SO2 emissions.
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Warrich, Haseeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Rehman, and Sahrish Jamil. "World Domination Games and its Impact on the 21st Century." Global Mass Communication Review II, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2017(ii-i).03.
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No other element impacted the historical conditions of the preceding 100 years to such an extent as the war to secure and control the world's reserves of petroleum. Sustainable economic growth after 1873, that discouraged British Empire, arose mechanical economies in Europe. Central Asia remained the object of rivalries and machination by the giant countries of the Europe. World Domination Games started from Pillage Games that lead towards many “Games” such as Great Game, New Great Game, Game Changer and New Game Changer. All prefect countries desire to have a control over the world for the last two centuries. Their efforts turn into numerous clashes and clashes led towards wars. In the twentieth century wars transformed not only their names but also their genetics that has profound impact on the 21st Century. This laid foundation of the emerging new superpowers in every century.
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Tuan Anh, Luu. "Tourism and event organization in the promotion of Vietnamese culture to Japan." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 3, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v3i4.530.
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In the current integration as deep, cultural promotion is an indispensable trend of most countries in the world in the strategy of expanding international relations and developing countries in all aspects. Cultural promotion is capable of addressing the great challenges of the era towards sustainability, such as challenges of poverty, backwardness, instability, and conflict. When the cultures of countries are in contact with each other, the promotion of culture is really necessary. For Vietnam, cultural promotion is an effective means of cultural globalization and a positive measure for Vietnam to build and expand Vietnam's soft power to the world. In recent years, Vietnam has had many activities to promote international cooperation relations with Japan, especially in the early years of the 21st century. This article confirms in the context of the promotion strategy of Vietnamese culture to Japan, tourism activities, and event organization as important channels to attract mutual understanding between the two countries. It also helps promote the image of the country, people, and culture of Vietnam to Japan. Since then, this will create a strong international relationship between the two countries and create favorable development conditions for Vietnam in the world.
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Hanasaki, N., S. Fujimori, T. Yamamoto, S. Yoshikawa, Y. Masaki, Y. Hijioka, M. Kainuma, et al. "A global water scarcity assessment under Shared Socio-economic Pathways – Part 1: Water use." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 2375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2375-2013.
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Abstract. A novel global water scarcity assessment for the 21st century is presented in a two-part paper. In this first paper, water use scenarios are presented for the latest global hydrological models. The scenarios are compatible with the socio-economic scenarios of the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs), which are a part of the latest set of scenarios on global change developed by the integrated assessment, the IAV (climate change impact, adaptation, and vulnerability assessment), and the climate modeling community. The SSPs depict five global situations based on substantially different socio-economic conditions during the 21st century. Water use scenarios were developed to reflect not only quantitative socio-economic factors, such as population and electricity production, but also key qualitative concepts such as the degree of technological change and overall environmental consciousness. Each scenario consists of five factors: irrigated area, crop intensity, irrigation efficiency, and withdrawal-based potential industrial and municipal water demands. The first three factors are used to estimate the potential irrigation water demand. All factors were developed using simple models based on a literature review and analysis of historical records. The factors are grid-based at a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° and cover the whole 21st century in five-year intervals. Each factor shows wide variation among the different global situations depicted: the irrigated area in 2085 varies between 2.7 × 106 and 4.5 × 106 km2, withdrawal-based potential industrial water demand between 246 and 1714 km3 yr−1, and municipal water between 573 and 1280 km3 yr−1. The water use scenarios can be used for global water scarcity assessments that identify the regions vulnerable to water scarcity and analyze the timing and magnitude of scarcity conditions.
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TIMENKO, M. "21 ST CENTURY SKILLS IN SCHOOL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM." ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, no. 26 (April 7, 2021): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2020.26.227654.
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The author of the article considers and characterizes the main current trends in the development of school education in the UK. The author describes the necessary skills of the XXI century for students of secondary schools in Great Britain and the conditions of their formation. These are skills such as: joint problem solving, responsibility, critical thinking, creativity, emotional intelligence, cooperation, decision making, IT skills, self-regulation, communication, flexibility and adaptability, respect, information and economic literacy, etc. The author also describes the so-called soft skills (flexible) and hard skills (hard). The article notes the role of the 21st century teacher, which today cannot be limited to knowledge transfer, but to focus, discuss and, of course, evaluate students' progress so that they know when more support is needed, as today's innovative schools design classes for knowledge. , not its transportation.
It is argued that modern and relevant and key skills of the 21st century include: problem solving, critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, decision making, IT skills, self-regulation, communication, respect, information and economic literacy, which in turn require appropriate teaching methods of the 21st century. The role of teachers can no longer be limited to knowledge transfer, but should be well-guided, discussed and, of course, evaluated by students' progress so that they know when more support is needed. Today, innovative schools design classrooms for the pursuit of knowledge, not its transportation.
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Bush, Raymond C. "Making the twenty first century its own: Janus faced African (under) development." Afrika Focus 26, no. 1 (February 26, 2013): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02601005.
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This article critiques the idea that Africa under existing conditions of globalisation can take control of its own destiny in the 21st century. It does so by interrogating the empirical economic evidence for recent growth figures on the continent. It argues the optimism that Africa is on the verge of an economic breakthrough is misplaced and needs to be set in the historical context of recurrent optimism that quickly fades under the realities of exploitation and underdevelopment in the continent. Opportunities for sustainable growth and development lie not with greater integration with the world economy but with, among other things, local political and economic struggles in Africa for greater participation in local decision making and control of international capital.
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Lola, Yu. "Economic Content of the Potential to Overcome the Crisis." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 1 (67) (2022): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2022-1(67)-85-89.
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The global challenges of the 21st century are transforming people's lives, all socio-economic and political processes in the state and regions. Emphasis, composition and interrelationships are changing in the process of formation and use of the economic potential of the region in crisis conditions, which is primarily characterized by the ability of a person to adapt the use of available resources to new adverse factors and quickly rebuild the usual socio-economic systems. In conditions of uncertainty and constant upheavals, human, intellectual, innovative capital acquires leading importance, which largely depends on the level of education in the sciences in the country, which in times of crisis needs special attention and state support.
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Sukhoverkhov, Anton V., and Svetlana A. Kalitko. "The theory of happiness in the 21st century: In search of the socioeconomic foundations." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 478 (2022): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/478/6.
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The article considers the modern revision of the problem of happiness in philosophy, economics, social policy and architecture. It shows that in the 21st century interest has increased in studies of external socioeconomic, environmental and urban planning aspects of happiness. In the article, this view is called externalistic and is contrasted with the earlier internalistic approaches that searched for and developed the internal (mindset-dependent) foundations of happiness. Examples of effective social and economic policies aimed to design external conditions for social well-being and happiness are considered. In the context of modern socioeconomic research, relevant philosophical approaches to happiness and conditions for its achievement are revised. The article juxtaposes theories of happiness as peace of mind and happiness as the pursuit of a dream (self-realization). The second paradigm is actively popularized in the modern society and in business management; however, it gives rise to people's overestimated expectations from and impracticable requirements for themselves. The results of recent research in the field of “happiness economics” demonstrate that happiness has scaled up in recent years from a private task of an individual to a system task that needs to be solved by society and government. Happiness has become a criterion of political and economic efficiency, as well as a significant factor in the company's high productivity and popularity. The article shows that both external (economic, political, environmental) and internal (philosophical, psychological) factors of happiness are broadly used in modern economic “happiness management”. Special attention in the research is paid to new investigations that reveal the dependence of happiness, as well as others human qualities (like altruism or egoism), on reasonably or unreasonably arranged design of the ur-ban/rural environment. The article also stresses that, among Silicon Valley developers, millionaire entrepreneurs and founders of large companies in the United States, the ideas of Stoic philosophy have gained great popularity. This philosophy is used as an effective “operating system” in conditions of constant stress and as a “mental tool” to overcome the fear of death. Stoic ideas of “negative thinking” and “defensive pessimism” are given in the article as examples of such “antistress” methods. Finally, the article cites research that show unique cultures in the world in which happiness is not the highest social value. Such studies allow reconsidering the universality of the category of happiness as a common measure of social well-being.
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Zincenko, A., S. Petrovskii, and V. Volpert. "An economic-demographic dynamical system." Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 13, no. 3 (2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/2018035.
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Human population growth has been called the biggest issue the humanity faces in the 21st century, and although this statement is globally true, locally, many Western economies have been experiencing population decline. Europe is in fact homeland for population decline. By 2050 many large European economies are predicted to lose large parts of their population. In this work, we consider the dynamical system that corresponds to the model introduced by Volpert et al. [Nonlinear Anal. 159 (2017) 408–423]. With the help of this model, we illustrate scenarios that can lead, in the long-run, to sharp population decline and/or deterioration of the economy. We also illustrate that even when under certain conditions the population will go extinct, temporarily it might experience growth.
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Buono, R. A. Dello. "Technology and Development in Latin America: Urgent Challenges for the 21st Century." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 11, no. 3 (2012): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156914912x651523.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Capitalist globalization has accelerated technological development but the result has been to intensify global inequalities and reproduce the structures of underdevelopment in entire world regions. In Latin America, the era of Keynesian developmentalism sought to overcome foreign domination that prevailed in modernization-style development regimes. Advances made in that era were halted and later reversed through the imposition of neoliberalism throughout the region. Neoliberal development increased developing country dependency upon foreign technologies and reproduces the structures of underdevelopment. Anti-neoliberal alternatives are possible even under conditions of severe economic crisis as illustrated by the Cuban socialist model. Other countries will likewise need to pursue more endogenously oriented technology policies if they are to overcome the crippling impact of the neoliberal period.
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Guo, Yuhan. "Analysis of Enterprise Management Mode under Market Economy Condition." Journal of Business Theory and Practice 5, no. 3 (June 23, 2017): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v5n3p194.
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<em>Economic mode is the basis of the development of enterprise management mode. Ecotype circular </em><em>economic model is the most ideal model of 21st century, which mainly realizes management innovation </em><em>and management planning of modern enterprise under circular economy through evolution process </em><em>analyzing of modern enterprise management mode. Cross and amalgamation management model is the </em><em>objective requirement of circular economy development under enterprise economy conditions. With </em><em>social economic development and change of economic model, enterprise management mode must </em><em>achieve thorough revolution for further development. Therefore, effective management mode of </em><em>enterprise has become the only way to healthy develop 21st economy.</em>
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Ignatskaya, Marina A., and Daniyil R. Malykhin. "Extremely High Environmental Turbulence as a Challenge to 21st Century System Management." RUDN Journal of Public Administration 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2021-8-2-115-127.
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The article actualizes the challenges of developing the theoretical and methodological basis for managing environmental turbulence in the 21st century under the unprecedented changes that have taken place both in the interpretation of the category of turbulence itself and the ability to manage it between the end of 2019 and the present in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the analysis of the category of turbulence of the new type are presented, as well as its nature and content are determined. Conceptual approaches to the criteria for the effectiveness of turbulence management have been developed. The vector of the direction of the evolution of national systems of government in the era of total turbulence at the level of public policy has been defined. The experience of the best management practices at the beginning of 2021 is noted, which, however, shows that without the use of an arsenal of hard technologies it is not yet possible to curb the challenges of extremely high environmental turbulence. Based on the study, the authors made the conclusion about the key role of general civil consent and cooperation in the implementation of manual management regime under the conditions of extremely high environmental turbulence of the early twenties of the 21st century. The peculiarities of forming the international socio-economic context of the period of extremely high turbulence, its problems and contradictions are highlighted. The main features of this context of the newest period include the ongoing systemic crisis of the world economy, permanent structural financial and economic crises, as well as the characteristics of globalization and deglobalization processes as major long-term trends. The trend towards general deglobalization, expressed in the strengthening of national protectionism and manifested in the economic policy of nation-states, has become the most pronounced at the current stage. New international platforms have been sought to implement regulatory management actions in the face of new type of turbulence.
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Vo, Sen Van, and Tien Nam Tran. "Southern of Vietnam in the context of international integration era." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1400.
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The Southern part of the country is located directly in the Mekong sub-region with 3-side sea-contact. The location of the area can be considered the “heartland” of Southeast Asia which is very convenient for international trading activities of different countries, especially those from ASEAN including main land and maritime countries. The potentials of the area mentioned above have shown that the Southern part of Vietnam embraces strong geographical, biological and human resources as important conditions for the development of the country. The Southern part has long become great commodity economy area of the country which strongly focusing on exporting as well as contacting and integrating internationally at very early era. In the first decade of the 21st century, the Southern part of Vietnam still plays an important role in the context of international integration and development of the country in the era of industrializing and modernizing. This paper focuses on describing the process of integration of the Southern part of Vietnam in the context of industrialization and modernization era in Vietnam. Consequently, the paper concludes particular traits and foreseen issues regarding the development of the Southern part of Vietnam. Moreover, the role and contribution of this Southern part will be clarified during the common process of industrialization, modernization nation-wide in the new era.
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Rajib Mallik. "Regulated Agricultural Markets in 21st Century: An Outline of their Future Role in Tripura." Restaurant Business 118, no. 11 (November 21, 2019): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i11.11546.
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Agricultural regulated markets are immensely important for economic growth of a state and as well as for a country. In many India states, Government has taken several steps to streamline the regulated market system; however, improper functioning of most of the regulated markets and other handicaps has not changed the conditions noticeably. Yet, a major part of rural markets are working outside the frame of regulated market. As a matter of fact, many Indian states are mostly dominated by private traders causing a hassle in the overall development of the regulated markets. To improve the prevailing conditions of these markets, a study on market regulation becomes very essential. The paper overviewed the present status, growth and development, overall performances, problems and prospects of the regulated markets of Tripura. It provides few guidelines for the primary producers to get the best possible returns from the agricultural regulated markets. An outline of their (regulated markets) future role in 21st Century has also discussed in this paper.
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Bach, Thi Ngoc Trang. "Similarities of Vietnam and South Korea – Linking to the Strategy Cooperation Partnership and Its Future Direction." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 1, no. 3 (July 21, 2014): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i3.10573.
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The relationship of Vietnam and Korea was making by warmth, close friendship and understanding. On 22 December 1992, the two countries established the formal diplomatic relation, thus opening a new era in their bilateral ties. Since then, the friendship and cooperation between the two countries have been developing very dynamically in all areas. In 2001, during President of Vietnam Tran Duc Luong’s State visit to the Republic of Korea, both sides agreed to establish the “Comprehensive Cooperation Partnership in the 21st Century”. In October 2009, during President Lee Myung Bak’s State visit to Vietnam, relationship was upgraded to Strategic Cooperation Partnership, setting a new important landmark in Vietnam-Korea relations. The two countries are closely cooperating and developing in the fields of trade, investment, education and training, science and technology, culture and tourism, and through a wide spectrum of people-to-people contact. Vietnam and Korea shared many commonalities and similarities in the geographical and natural conditions as well as historical and cultural traditions. For example, Vietnam and South Korea have experienced thousands years in history and were much influenced by Confucianism. Both Vietnam and Korea from the ancient time were the poor agricultural countries with water rice production, which heavily depended on the natural conditions. Hence the peoples of the two countries have the same or very similar psychology, mentality and the way of life. With their basic characteristics, the two countries have plentiful literature treasures. The most important factor which has promoted the bilateral ties between the two countries is sharing the common interest of building a prosperous and happy country for its people in a peaceful, stable, friendly and cooperative environment in the region and the world over. The similarities between two countries shared interests in building a peaceful and stable world.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i3.10573 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol.1(3) 2014: 88-92
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Dr.P.Arunachalam. "Sustainable Development of LPG Policies of India." Journal of Development Economics and Management Research Studies 09, no. 14 (2022): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53422/jdms.2022.91403.
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Prof. Irma Glicman Adelman, an Irish Economist working in California University at Berkely, in her research work on ‘Development Over Two Centuries’, which is published in the Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 1995, has identified and concluded that India, along with China, would be one of the largest economies in this 21st Century. She has stated that the period 1700-1820 is the period of Netherlands (Holland), the period 1820-1890 is the period of England, the period 1890-2000 is the period of America and this 21st Century is the century of China and India. World Bank has also identified that India would be a one the leading players of this century after China and USA. India is the third largest economy in terms of Purchasing Power Parity with $7.277 trillion. India ($ 2. 936 trillion in nominal) will challenge the Global Economic Order in the next 15 years. India already overtook Italian economy ($ 2.078 trillion) this year (2019), and will overtake England economy ($ 3.002 trillion at present) in the year 2020, Japanese economy ($5.154 trillion, 2019) by 2025 and USA economy ($21. 239 trillion in 2019) in 2050. China with $14.140 trillion already overtook Japan economy and will overtake USA economy in 2024. India has the following advantages compared with other economies. India is 3th largest GDP in the world in terms of Purchasing Power Parity Criteria ($11.326 trillion in 2019). India is third fastest growing economy in the world after China and Vietnam. In this paper an attempt is made to bring out the major achievements and failures of economic reforms in India during the liberalisation period. It is mainly base on secondary information I read through government publications and reports and generally descriptive in nature. This paper has been divided into two sections (1) dealt with achievements of LPG policies and (2) dealt with the reasons for delay in achieving the proposed targets within the stipulated period.
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Kuznetsov, A. V. "Economic sustainability of Russia under the Conditions of Technological Transformations." Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University 9, no. 6 (February 10, 2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2019-9-6-45-52.
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Climate change and the development of digital technologies have prompted a rethinking of the dominated model of economic growth. In 2011 American publicist and economist Jeremy Rifkin has published the book “The third industrial revolution”, in which the author describes a new scientific picture of the world, which implies a transition from an “ownership economy” to a “sharing economy”. In 2016 the president of the World Economic Forum in Davos Klaus Schwab put forward the idea of a “fourth industrial revolution”, which, in his opinion, opens up new opportunities for collective innovation and the creation of shared value systems by connecting the physical, digital and biological worlds. The purpose of the article is to generalize the features of modern world technological transformations and determine the degree of Russia’s involvement in the development of the main directions of science and technology of the 21st century. The methods of analysis used include synthesis, abstraction, generalization and an integrated approach to cognition. The author considered the trajectories of modern technological transformations and discussed the role of the USSR in the design of techno-centric foundations of the sustainable development model. Also, the author analyzed the main provisions of state programs of Russia in the medium-term development of information, bio- and nanotechnologies.