Academic literature on the topic 'Vietnam – Economic conditions – 21st century'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vietnam – Economic conditions – 21st century"
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Lezhenina, Tatiana V. "INVESTMENT COOPERATION OF VIETNAM WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES, INCLUDING RUSSIA AT TRANSITION TO THE NEW HIGH-TECH MODEL OF ECONOMICS IN THE XXI CENTURY." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, no. 1-2 (2020): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2020-1-2-10.
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In the 21st century, a breakthrough in the global economy has come to transition to a new stage in the development of high technologies in the economy, social environment and strengthening the ties between countries along the path to new progress and cooperation. Vietnam has already emerged from the state of a medium-developed economy and gained experience for the transition to a highly developed economy, using the best practices and knowledge of the USA, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and China. Vietnam’s interaction with Russia has grown, using its experience in introducing into the economy and life new methods of using and transmitting information of universal scale and significance. For Vietnam, the transition to a new economic model will provide foreign direct investment, especially from highly developed countries. Tasks . Explore the factors and conditions of Vietnam's transition to a new economic model. Methodology. The methods of scientific knowledge of the main features and characteristics of the transition to a new high-tech model in the XXI century are used. Results. The high volume of Vietnam’s trade relations with highly developed countries of the world is proved, as one of the decisive factors for accumulating the resources for the transition to a new model, FDI received in Vietnam in the first two decades of the 21st century, its volume structure, investing countries, FDI, etc. are considered. Conclusions. Vietnam was able in a short historical time, passing the warriors and American aggression to create a solid foundation for the transition to a highly developed country in Southeast Asia. Vietnam received considerable assistance during this transition period from Russia.
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Nguyen, Quoc Hunga, and T. V. Lezhenina. "Economic Models of Mongolia and Vietnam: Common and Distinctive Features." Economics and Management 26, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-1-16-22.
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New economic models began to develop in Mongolia and Vietnam after the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), when former Soviet republics formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Further development after the USSR’s dissolution was especially difficult for Mongolia, which almost entirely relied on the economic aid from the USSR. The US and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) immediately took advantage of the crisis in Mongolia. They offered tranches to Mongolia under the condition of complete democratization of political power and establishment of market-based development institutions within the framework of a standby arrangement. Vietnam embarked on a course of destroying the socialist model in 1986, i.e. before the USSR’s collapse, and its transition to a market economy was peculiar, yet significantly different from Mongolia’s.Aim. The presented study aims to examine the benefits and drawbacks of the economic models of Vietnam and Mongolia as well as their common and distinctive features.Methods. The study uses general methods of analyzing the international experience of transforming economic models.Results. The authors prove the efficiency of the current Mongolian and Vietnamese models in the context of global instability and crises. Emergence of new, highly efficient technological paradigms and absence of internal political protests in Mongolia and Vietnam ensure economic sustainability and high growth rate. Russia’s military aid to these countries also plays an important role.Conclusions. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia received substantial assistance from the United States and was able to maintain state independence and develop its economy under the market conditions of economic activity. Relying on cooperation with Russia and China, in the 21st century Mongolia engaged in the processes of integration in the Asia-Pacific region (APR). The Vietnamese model was forming during the country’s participation in the ASEAN free trade zone and cooperation with the developed economies of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States. Unlike Mongolia, Vietnam retained full political leadership of the Communist party, the unity of its people, and support for the development of market economy. In confronting difficult challenges, Vietnam receives assistance from the Donor Club.
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Gordienko, Elena. "Vietnamese Tutelary Spirits (Thành Hoàng): History Of the Cult and its Current State." Человек и культура, no. 5 (May 2022): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2022.5.38950.
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This article discusses the cult of the tutelary spirits (thành hoàng) in Vietnam. These are spirits venerated as patrons of villages, rural communities and urban areas in Vietnam are expected to protect area against calamities, disasters, epidemics, wars, etc. These are mythical, historical and pseudo-historical characters who have merits to the area and its inhabitants. The veneration of them is rooted in the traditional culture. It is an integral part of the Vietnamese folk religion (tín ngưỡng dân gian Việt Nam). The spirits of the area are included in the pantheon of numerous deities and spirits (thần) worshipped by the Vietnamese nowadays despite the anti-religious policy of the Communist Party of Vietnam (in the second half of the 20th century). The article describes reconstruction of the history of the cult and a description of its current state. The milestones of its development are considered: the formation of the cult during the Late Lê dynasty (1428–1788), development trends during the Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1945), which included the period of colonization of Vietnam by the French, the decline of the cult in the second half of the 20th century in socialist Vietnam, the revival of the cult and the entire religious system with the beginning of economic reforms and the democratization of public life in the 1980-90s, and finally, the modern flourishing of the cult and the features of its adaptation to modern conditions. The definition of the historical forms of the cult allows to identify the dynamics in its development and describe the inevitable transformations of the cult in the 21st century, which often are not realized by the bearers of culture, who perceive the cult as an ancient unchanging tradition. The cult has not previously been studied by Soviet and Russian orientalists. I propose the first systematic description of the history of the cult and an assessment of its current state.
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Bao Ngoc, Tran, and Le Thi Thanh Thuy. "Teaching staff development by using competency-based human resource management approach: analyzing cases of Saigon University and University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, no. 1 (April 4, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i1.533.
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The competency-based human resource management is a trend in the context of higher education reform in the 21st century. The quality of education is increasingly focused, and the improvement of the quality of educational managers and teaching staff becomes a goal in a university’s strategic plan. This leads to a necessary for universities to identify core competencies and build competency frameworks that are consistent with the institutions’ strategy to promote the implementation of innovation of all aspects of universities (Vakola, M., Soderquist, KE, Prastacos, GP, 2007). Depending on the socio-economic context and conditions of each institution, educational managers choose or combine paradigms of human resource management to enhance the efficiency in the development of quality of teaching staff, contributing to boosting universities’ capacity adapting for new requirements of education innovation. Based on the theory of human resource management, the paper analyzes the situation of human resource management, especially the development and training of teaching staff at two departments of 2 public universities in Ho Chi Minh City. Thereby, the paper proposes some suggestions for the implementation of human resource management based on competencies to improve the universities’ teaching quality and meet the requirements of fundamental and comprehensive innovation in the field of Viet Nam education and training in the 21st century.
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Huyen, Bui Thi, and Luu Van Quyet. "Russia’s Pivot to Asia and Russia-Vietnam Economic Relations in the Early 21st Century." Emerging Science Journal 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 1492–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2022-06-06-017.
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Russia began to refocus its attention on the Asia-Pacific region in 1994, but the policy of pivoting toward Asia was implemented dramatically in the second decade of the 21st century. Adjustments made by Russia to its foreign policy and practical activities carried out by Russia in the region have impacted Russia-Vietnam relations generally and their economic ties in particular. Based on a qualitative approach and analysis of secondary data collected from previously conducted research works, this paper focuses on the following issues: (1) Adjustments made by Russia to its foreign policy towards Asia-Pacific over the first two decades of the 21st century; (2) Position of Vietnam in Russia’s foreign policy towards Asia–Pacific; and (3) Impacts of Russia’s new foreign policy on the economic ties between Russia and Vietnam over the first two decades of the 21st century. Based on the results of the analysis and evaluation, Russia's Asia-Pacific policy has been adjusted, particularly in the second decade of the 21stcentury, when the country turned its attention to Southeast Asia. Due to the importance of this region, Russia is implementing a comprehensive Asia policy and promoting Russia's interests in this region. The Russian Federation considers Vietnam an important partner in its "Look to the East" policy and plays a leading role because Vietnam is a country with an important geostrategic position to connect both land and sea between Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia. This is reflected in the Russian Federation's upgrading of its strategic partnership with Vietnam from 2001 to a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2012. The adjustment of the Asia-Pacific policy of the Russian Federation has positively affected the relationship between Vietnam and Russia in the economic fields (trade and investment). Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-06-017 Full Text: PDF
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Travkin, Pavel, and Elizaveta Marutina. "Brunei-Chinese Relations in the 21st Century." South East Asia Actual problems of Development, no. 3 (52) (2021): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-3-3-52-190-202.
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In the 21st century China is intensively penetrating the region. Beijing promotes its geopolitical agenda in the region through various methods – military, political, and economic methods. In the region, in addition to large states such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines, there are also small states like Singapore, Brunei, and East Timor. They are also greatly influenced by China, but they cannot resist China to the same extent as their larger neighbors do. Therefore, these countries are trying to seek mutual benefit in cooperation with China. If Singapore successfully builds its mutual cooperation with Beijing, while East Timor has long been a puppet of PRC. This article aims to analyze Brunei-China relations and answer the question: "Is Brunei a partner for the Celestial Empire or a new conductor of China's interests in the region."
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A. A., Elaev. "BURYAT ETHNOS IN THE 21st CENTURY." Human research of Inner Asia 3 (2022): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/2305-753x-2022-3-6-16.
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The article discusses the prospects for preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the Buryat people in the 21st century. Under the conditions of the transformation of Russian society over the past twenty years and the impact of global integration processes taking place in the world the opportunities for preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the Buryat ethnic group and its language are rapidly declining. Based on the analysis of vari-ous environmental factors, we have considered the possible scenarios for the development of the Buryat ethnos in the conditions of the socio-economic crisis and in the economic stability and growth, and summed up the total prospects for preserving its ethno-cultural identity in the 21st century. The “negative” scenario for the development of the Buryat ethnic group covers the crisis period of the 1990s and early 2000s. Predictive assessments are based on an analysis of the impact of crisis phenomena on the agricultural sector and the social sphere of the village, which led to the outflow of the Buryat population from the village to the city. The economic crisis has a negative impact on the institutions of reproduction and transmission of the Buryat culture: it leads to a reduction in funding and commercialization of their ac-tivities and separation from the needs of the bulk of the ethnic group. Thus, the socio-economic crisis accelerates the process of de-ethnization and acculturation of the ethnos. The “positive” scenario reflects the development of the ethnic group in the context of eco-nomic growth, however, its consequences also negatively affect the preservation of ethnic identity and language, since the needs of the economic development of the ancestral terri-tory of the Buryat ethnic group will entail an influx of labour resources, that is, a popula-tion of other ethnicities, which will reduce the demographic power of the Buryat ethnic group. Thus, the economic growth, as well as the economic crisis will contribute to the ac-culturation and assimilation of the Buryats. In the context of global integration processes taking place in the world and the current policy of Russia, the opportunities of preserving the ethno-cultural identity of the Buryat ethnos and its language due to objective reasons will gradually decrease in the 21st century.
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Nguyen, Tac An. "Marine economy - the new development trend of mankind in the \(21^{st}\) century." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 21, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/16858.
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The article introduces the basic understanding of the marine economy and why humankind has to turn to the sea and the ocean in the 21st century, sea and ocean use, and approaches to exploitation and governance of ocean, marine, coastal and island economy for sustainable development. It also analyses international and regional lessons learned, the actual situation of marine economic growth in Vietnam in the past 30 years, some management and exploitation solutions (integrated management, ecological security, international cooperation,...) for socioeconomic development, sovereignty protection and territorial security in the East Vietnam Sea in the current complex context.
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Tran, Tuan. "The First Annual National Vietnam Medical Education Conference “Preparing the 21st Century Physician”." MedPharmRes 2, no. 1 (April 2, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.32895/ump.mpr.2.1.1/suffix.
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President of University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Department of Pediatrics - UMP We are delighted to introduce the Special Issue for the medical education derived from the 1st National Vietnam Medical Education Conference: “Preparing the 21st Century Physician”. The First Annual National Vietnam Medical Education Conference was held on 2-3 December, 2017, by the Vietnam Ministry of Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Ho Chi Minh City, and the Improving Access, Curriculum and Teaching in Medical Education and Emerging Diseases (IMPACT-MED) Alliance, which is supported by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by Partnership for Health Advancement Vietnam, a collaboration between Harvard Medical School, the Brigham & Women’s Hospital and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. It has attracted approximately 300 leaders in the medical education, faculties and students from Vietnam and around the world. This conference comes at an exciting time in the socio-economic development of Vietnam. The Vietnamese health sector has made enormous strides in the control of communicable diseases, increasing the life expectancy and increasing access to the health care for its population over the past 40 years since the reunification of the country. In July 2017, Vietnam became a middle-income country, and with this new status comes new health challenges, which if not addressed, will impede the continued development of the country. Non-communicable diseases, a rapidly aging population, emerge threats of pandemics, environmental pollution, and climate change are all at our doorstep. Additionally, an increasingly connected society that demands a high-quality healthcare, the government’s plan for Universal Health Care, and the desire for regional and an international integration all represent the challenges and opportunities that we must tackle. Addressing these challenges and opportunities starts with transforming the health workforce. There is an urgent need to update the country’s system of health education including university curricula and transforming approaches to teaching and learning to train health professionals who can adapt and react to the health challenges and realize the opportunities that are presented. A comprehensive curriculum reform is difficult. However, we can build upon the experience of previous, smaller-scale reform projects, and capitalize on the investments and support from the highest level of government to transform our health education system. We have built strong partnerships among the network of universities and colleges in Vietnam to support each other, and we also have support from international partners. Education reform is a necessity for Vietnam. The conversations and discussions that we have at this inaugural conference will pave the way towards the transformation of our health education system. The conference aims to provide a forum for sharing innovations and advances in the medical education, stimulate discussions among medical education leaders, inspire further innovations, and foster a community of medical educators invested in advancing medical education research and quality improvement. This entire volume is devoted to select the manuscripts, which was generated from the conference. We hope that it will be productive, and you will be inspired, energized and motivated to continue the efforts towards health education reform for your university/college, and for the country of Vietnam.
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Binh, Ngo Xuan. "Main Characteristics of Vietnam–China Trade Relations, 2000–15." China Report 53, no. 3 (July 24, 2017): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445517711510.
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Entering the 21st century, trade relations between Vietnam and China have grown strongly, making positive contributions to the economic development of the two countries. However, the relationship in the period 2000–15 also witnessed a number of thorny issues such as a serious trade imbalance against Vietnam, the ‘North to South’ nature in the import and export structure of the two countries, Vietnam’s growing dependence on bilateral trade with China, and so on. These issues have affected negatively Vietnam’s economy. Based on data analysis, the author identifies the key characteristics of trade relations between Vietnam and China and highlights possible solutions for Vietnam to move its trade relations with China in a more balanced direction.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vietnam – Economic conditions – 21st century"
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Mok, Wai-man Karina. "Planning for Hong Kong : a world city moving into the 21st century /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14799844.
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Lee, Ka-yan Vivian, and 李家欣. "Who will be hercules in the 21st century?: economic and social development : a comparative study of Hong Kongand Singapore." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953116.
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Casey, Ciarán Michael. "The failure of dissent : public opposition to Irish economic policy, 2000-2006." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e1c69c29-cc6a-4550-941d-465a4ee1d2b3.
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The Irish crash that began in 2008 has been described as one of the most dramatic economic reversals ever experienced by an industrialised country. There is a strong consensus about the economic roots of the crisis: the country experienced a classic asset bubble. Much more difficult to explain however, is how a mature democracy sleep-walked into a crisis that had so much precedent and in retrospect seems to have been so apparent. The policy decisions made in the boom period must shoulder much of the blame, but they were not created in a vacuum. This thesis systematically examines the discourse on the Irish economy from a broad range of commentators in the years prior to the crash, including international and domestic organisations, academics, the newspapers, and politicians. It demonstrates that key mainstream analysts anticipated how the property boom would end on the basis of estimated fundamental house prices and demand levels. This implicitly assumed that these fundamentals would remain strong as the boom abated, and ignored the potential for a market panic. By contrast, the most prescient analysts relied heavily on international precedent, and recognised that property price falls would be closely correlated with the increase observed during the boom. A key dimension of the discourse was therefore how the lessons of financial history were applied or disregarded. The Irish crash that began in 2008 has been described as one of the most dramatic economic reversals ever experienced by an industrialised country. There is a strong consensus about the economic roots of the crisis: the country experienced a classic asset bubble. Much more difficult to explain however, is how a mature democracy sleep-walked into a crisis that had so much precedent and in retrospect seems to have been so apparent. The policy decisions made in the boom period must shoulder much of the blame, but they were not created in a vacuum. This thesis systematically examines the discourse on the Irish economy from a broad range of commentators in the years prior to the crash, including international and domestic organisations, academics, the newspapers, and politicians. It demonstrates that key mainstream analysts anticipated how the property boom would end on the basis of estimated fundamental house prices and demand levels. This implicitly assumed that these fundamentals would remain strong as the boom abated, and ignored the potential for a market panic. By contrast, the most prescient analysts relied heavily on international precedent, and recognised that property price falls would be closely correlated with the increase observed during the boom. A key dimension of the discourse was therefore how the lessons of financial history were applied or disregarded.
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Lee, Ka-yan Vivian. "Who will be hercules in the 21st century? : economic and social development : a comparative study of Hong Kong and Singapore /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425714.
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Suchorski, Alicia. "Socio-economic and physical development influences on water use in Barbados." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116060.
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Water scarcity has gained increasing awareness globally, and the small island developing states of the Caribbean, including Barbados, are not exempt from this global crisis. There is a large amount of variation to be found between Barbados' 11 parishes demographically, economically, and socially, with tourism encapsulating an especially significant sector for both the economy and water use, emphasized in certain parishes most prevalently.Surveys were carried out in four coastal parishes and respondents were asked various water-related questions for their household. The survey addressed a myriad of issues such as water availability, quality, categorizing responsibilities of water-related tasks, as well as a number of other topics. The number of surveys conducted was equivalent to one per cent of each parish population. The chi-square test for the analysis of a two-way contingency table was conducted to determine the influence of development and gender on parish households in differential water use, access, and perceptions of water. Surveys were completed to provide clarity to the objectives of the research which were twofold: to determine whether the amount of economic, social, and physical development of a parish influences the access and distribution of domestic water to households; and to uncover gender perceptions related to water use and determine how water use patterns and water consumption vary between genders in households.
Parish development was a much stronger indicator for water usage and distribution rather than gender. All questions compared across parishes yielded at least one statistically significant response with the exception of determining whether water shortages affected lifestyles. Parish water use was highest in St. Philip (898.1 L/week/capita) and lowest in St. Lucy, (729.9 L/week/capita). The gender analysis provided statistically insignificant results except for the total respondents' water quality, and a household's satisfaction with their water situation, which were only significant for the total population and St. Lucy categories. Regarding division of labour within households, women still occupy the majority of tasks relating to water by spending on average 12.6 hrs/week on water-related domestic tasks; while males and children spend almost 5.6 hrs/week and 1.70 hrs/week respectively.
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Schwegler, Stefan. "Derivatives in emerging markets: a South African focus." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1401.
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This research focused on derivative instruments which are financial securities whose values are derived from the values of underlying assets, such as shares, bonds, currencies or interest rates. Derivatives are predominantly used to manage risks in portfolios (hedging) and trading (speculation). Derivatives have been used for centuries and have developed into one of the largest global financial markets. The most common derivative instruments available to investors are options, futures, swaps and contracts for difference, as they are fairly easy to understand and apply. During the 2008/2009 global financial crisis derivatives, especially credit derivatives, made headlines and although they did not cause the crisis, they accelerated it. Furthermore, the 2008/2009 financial crisis also increased the negative sentiments many investors have towards derivatives. As a result of the crisis the growth in the global derivatives market came to a halt for the first time in decades. In light of the above, the primary objective of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of derivatives trading in emerging markets, especially in the South African context, as these financial securities are very useful portfolio management tools. The aim of this study was to describe the current state of the South African derivatives market; to investigate the role that derivative instruments played in the 2008/2009 global financial crisis; and to identify the variables influencing investors’ decisions whether or not to include derivatives in their portfolios. Given the nature of the problem stated a qualitative or phenomenological research paradigm was adopted. This paradigm was deemed suitable given the exploratory nature of the research. Primary and secondary data for this study were obtained through semi-structured personal interviews with 21 experts in the South African financial services industry and through an extensive literature review, respectively. A research instrument, based on the literature review was developed to facilitate the interviewing process. The results of the empirical investigation show that although the majority of respondents use derivative instruments in managing their portfolios, the South African derivatives market is still in its development phase. Many investors do not use derivatives frequently as they lack knowledge about derivative instruments, receive uncompetitive prices, are restricted by rules and regulations as well as investment mandates. Fourteen variables were identified as having a possible impact on investors' decisions whether or not to use derivatives in their portfolios. The five variables identified in the empirical investigation as being the most important, were the level of information available and the transparency of price determination; investor’s knowledge of different derivative instruments; investor’s level of risk tolerance; the level of liquidity in the market; and investor's knowledge and familiarity with financial markets. The findings of this study suggest that financial institutions, selling and trading derivative instruments, should concentrate on these five variables to make derivatives more attractive investment alternatives for investors. In order for South African investors to consider derivatives as suitable investments more often, it is strongly recommended to educate investors better about these products and decrease the negative sentiments investors have towards derivatives. This should be done by showing and explaining to investors that derivatives are useful hedging and portfolio management tools. It is necessary to state the dangers and benefits of derivatives, as well as the features differentiating them. Financial institutions trading derivative instruments, local education facilities (e.g. universities) and financial markets related organisations should educate investors by providing various educational tools, such as online courses, booklets, seminars or presentations about derivative products on offer. Furthermore, it is highly recommended to make derivative markets more transparent through adequate and appropriate regulations. In that, investors are better protected from counterparty risks and trade in a safer environment due to clearing houses.
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Jolosheva, Aida A. 1984. "Entrepreneurship and Microfinance: Economic Development and Women's Empowerment in Kyrgyzstan." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10650.
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xi, 105 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This thesis focuses on microfinance in Kyrgyzstan as a response to the initiation of economic, social and political reforms following Kyrgyzstan's independence in 1991. These reforms accelerated Kyrgyzstan's transition from a centrally-planned to a liberal market-based economy. Microfinance became a favored mechanism for encouraging individual entrepreneurship and thus economic development. Based on field research I conducted in Kyrgyzstan during the summer of 2009, this thesis examines the economic impact of these reforms on women entrepreneurs, as women were particularly vulnerable to the social fallout from such reforms. Through participatory observation, small focus groups and semi-structured interviews, I analyze myriad aspects of the lives of women entrepreneurs who have participated in a microfinance project. I argue that microfinance provides an empowering, sustainable path for them. However, the historical occupational divisions encouraged by the Soviet Union affect how people use microcredit. I conclude with suggestions on improving microfinance practices in Kyrgyzstan.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Anita M. Weiss, Chair; Dr. Laura Leete; Dr. Shankha Chakraborty
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Booi, Lusu. "Millennium development goals: lessons from Brazil and Venezuela (2000-2015)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14675.
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This research looks at social policy making in Venezuela and Brazil with the objective of alleviating poverty, with special focus on meeting Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that were set in 2000. Considering the leftist democratic governments that have been established in Latin America since Hugo Chávez was elected president in 1998, and later with Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in 2002, the research seeks to understand and illustrate what nuances exist in strategy, ideas and implementation of social policy that would positively affect the underprivileged for a more equal and just society. The two countries have deep historical and structural inequalities from slavery, colonialism, imbalanced distribution of resources and like most developing nations of the Global South, have had to endure structural adjustments that have entrenched poverty levels further. Arguments in the past have been made for economic prosperity and economic growth as good indicators for development, however, the research takes a comparative analysis on how Venezuela (through Barrio Adentro and multiple state driven Missions) and Brazil (state supported Bolsa Familia and Universal Health System), have targeted health and education as the primary sectors not just to transform society but also because it is through these sectors that the most effective and efficient manner to measure human development which has thus far been neglected. The research also examines the leadership of the countries which speaks to the differing approaches adopted, style, rhetoric and political realities; and how they have been received not just domestically, but also internationally. The outcomes of the research illustrate a good link between literacy, education and health and a healthy level of state intervention that requires reciprocal social participation for programmes to succeed. Brazil and Venezuela have shown notable creativity and effectiveness in this regard.
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Fleury, Nicholas James 1978. "Economic Impact of Undocumented Workers in Oregon Counties with Concentrated Hispanic Populations." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10001.
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xii, 59 p. : ill., col. maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Continued federal and state policies aimed at reducing the livelihood of undocumented workers may force these populations to move to other locations. With the loss of undocumented workers and their families, Oregon can expect to see losses in population, employment, industrial production and state and local revenue. As undocumented populations are unevenly distributed across the state similarly to Hispanic populations, this study expects six counties, Hood River, jefferson, Malheur, Marion, Morrow and Umatilla, will see more than an eightpercent population loss, double the expected state loss rate, and proportionally greater economic losses. By estimating the undocumented population in each of Oregon's 36 counties, this study further details potential economic losses in the six Oregon counties with concentrated Hispanic, and consequently, undocumented populations.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Laura Leete, Chair; Dr. Jean Stockard; Dr. Daniel HoSang
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Marquis, Danika Ewen. "Ties that bind: a critical discourse analysis of the coverage of the Millennium Development Goals in the Mail and Guardian." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015462.
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This study analysed the representation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in the Mail and Guardian from 2000 to 2007. It drew on perspectives from cultural studies, the constructionist approach to representation and the sociology of news production. Through the use of the quantitative and qualitative research methods, content analysis and critical discourse analysis, this study established first, that few significant changes have occurred within the newspaper's coverage of the MDGs during this period, and second, that the people most affected by the MDGs and affiliated programmes are seriously under-represented and that the manner of representation marginalises and subordinates them.
Books on the topic "Vietnam – Economic conditions – 21st century"
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Vietnam. Bộ kế hoạch và đầu tư. and Vietnam. Tổng cục thống kê., eds. Đầu tư nước ngoài tại Việt Nam: 7 năm đầu thế kỷ XXI = Foreign direct investment in Vietnam : 7 years at the beginning of century 21st. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Thống kê, 2008.
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Vietnam. Bộ kế hoạch và đầu tư and Vietnam. Tổng cục thống kê, eds. Đầu tư nước ngoài tại Việt Nam: 7 năm đầu thế kỷ XXI = Foreign direct investment in Vietnam : 7 years at the beginning of century 21st. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Thống kê, 2008.
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Morshed, Khan M., and Bangladesh. Tathya Mantraṇālaẏa. Bahiḥ Pracāra Anubibhāga., eds. Bangladesh towards 21st century. [Dhaka]: External Publicity Wing, Ministry of Information, Govt. of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, 1994.
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Vyasulu, Vinod. Global Bengaluru: 21st century challenges. Bengaluru: Centre for Budget and Policy Studies, 2009.
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Jonathan, Lemco, ed. Asia's rise in the 21st century. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, 2011.
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Caroline, Sweetman, ed. Gender in the 21st century. Oxford: Oxfam, 2000.
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Keshav, Bhattar, ed. Nepal in the 21st century. Hauppauge NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.
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Owino, Joseph. Kenya into the 21st century. London: Pen Press Publishers, 2003.
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J, Rodriquez Louis, and Fukasawa Yoshikazu, eds. The Texas economy: 21st century economic challenges. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1996.
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J, Rodriquez Louis, and Fukasawa Yoshi, eds. The Texas economy: 21st century economic challenges. Wichita Falls, Tex: Midwestern State University Press, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Vietnam – Economic conditions – 21st century"
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Gabriele, Alberto, and Elias Jabbour. "Vietnam and China." In Socialist Economic Development in the 21st Century, 300–305. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003267355-30.
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Gabriele, Alberto, and Elias Jabbour. "Development of productive forces and modernization in Vietnam and China." In Socialist Economic Development in the 21st Century, 259–77. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003267355-27.
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Ragulina, Yulia V., Sergey V. Shkodinsky, Vitalii V. Mishchenko, and Yulia A. Romanova. "Scenarios of Development of Industry 4.0 in the Conditions of Knowledge Economy’s Formation and Their Consequences for Modern Economic Systems." In Industry 4.0: Industrial Revolution of the 21st Century, 227–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94310-7_23.
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Akopova, Elena S., and Natalia V. Przhedetskaya. "The Algorithm of Managing the Process of Formation and Development of Industry 4.0 in the Modern Economic Systems in the Conditions of Knowledge Economy’s Formation." In Industry 4.0: Industrial Revolution of the 21st Century, 201–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94310-7_20.
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Gnezdova, Julia V., Elena N. Rudakova, and Olga P. Zvyagintseva. "Systemic Contradictions of Modern Economic Systems That Hinder Formation and Development of Industry 4.0 in the Conditions of Knowledge Economy’s Formation and Methods of Overcoming Them." In Industry 4.0: Industrial Revolution of the 21st Century, 211–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94310-7_21.
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Gümüş, Arife. "Twenty-First-Century Teacher Competencies and Trends in Teacher Training." In Educational Theory in the 21st Century, 243–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9640-4_11.
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AbstractIn the context of digitalization, globalization, and internationalization, the twenty-first century has changed societies as well as their institutions and concepts, significantly affecting powerful communication technologies and the speed and forms of access to information. Being employable, coping with global competition, and having the appropriate equipment and skills for the professions of the future have become more important than ever in an information-intensive economic structure. The question of how education will function in adapting to the new work order and managing and categorizing knowledge has been important. Considering the success teachers have in achieving the purpose of education, what the skills of both the learner and the teacher should be in order to adapt to the rapidly changing world has become more important. Changing learning environments and styles, new student profiles, and transformations in social life and the business world are critical issues for the role of the teacher. This study discusses the skills teachers should have and tendencies toward teacher training within the scope of twenty-first-century standards. We make the following recommendations: having holistic goals for teachers’ pre-service, in-service, and professional development; providing opportunities for national and international mobility; promoting better salaries and working conditions; providing continuous professional development opportunities for teachers just starting their profession; lightening the curriculum while preserving wages; participating in guidance programs; facilitating access to resources; providing opportunities to systematically associate theory and practice; supporting consultation with colleagues; and encouraging the selection of mentors only from qualified and experienced specialist teachers in both in pre-service and in-service teacher training.
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Gory, Djénéba, Jayanti Bhatia, and Venkatesh Reddy Mallapu Reddy. "From Content Knowledge to Competencies and Exams to Exit Profiles: Education Reform in Zimbabwe." In Implementing Deeper Learning and 21st Education Reforms, 145–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57039-2_7.
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Abstract For over two decades, Zimbabwe has been embroiled within a complex web of economic, political, and financial challenges. In 2013, the country embarked on an ambitious journey of overhauling its education system by moving from content knowledge to a competency-based curriculum. The theory of change, in particular, was that, if the curriculum is entirely overhauled from outdated knowledge-based to twenty-first-century skills and competencies, then in the long-term, students would ultimately be able to meet the economy and labor market demands. The reform was phased from 2015 to 2022 and at the time of writing is in its last leg of implementation; there is much to appreciate and learn from the progress thus far. The chapter begins with an overview of the country’s education system and conditions that shaped the reform, followed by a more detailed description of the reform. It then analyzes the reform stages through Reimers’ five perspectives of educational change (Reimers, Educating students to improve the world. Springer, Singapore, 2020), and concludes by presenting the results and challenges at the time of writing. The success of such reform requires a systemic collaboration and stable conditions, and at this stage, it remains to be seen, which direction the reform takes.
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Xuan, Phan Thi Hong, Phan Hieu Nghia, Le Nguyen Ai Huyen, Kang Min Soo, and Vo Phan My Tra. "Research Overview on the Life of Families with Foreign Elements in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 701–9. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_88.
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AbstractHo Chi Minh City is considered a safe land of perching birds, where diverse and colorful cultures converge. Experiencing many difficulties throughout history, Ho Chi Minh City has been growing and developing to affirm the country’s leading position. Alongside the city’s economic and social development, the cultural environment has been significantly diversified. For instance, the imprints of families with foreign elements as the result of transnational marriages - have become the trend of the 21st century. The article summarizes, discusses, and analyzes related articles, including theories, regarding the topic: “The Life of families with foreign elements in Ho Chi Minh City” with the literature review approach.
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Palka, Eugene J. "Military Geography." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0044.
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In the benchmark publication American Geography: Inventory and Prospect (1954), Joseph Russell reported that military geography had long been recognized as a legitimate subfield in American geography. Despite the occasional controversy surrounding the subfield since his assessment (Association of American Geographers 1972; Lacoste 1973), and the general period of drought it experienced within American academic geography during the Vietnam era, military geography displays unquestionable resilience at the dawn of the twenty-first century. The subfield links geography and military science, and in one respect is a type of applied geography, employing the knowledge, methods, techniques, and concepts of the discipline to military affairs, places, and regions. In another sense, military geography can be approached from an historical perspective (Davies 1946; Meigs 1961; Winters 1998), with emphasis on the impact of physical or human geographic conditions on the outcomes of decisive battles, campaigns, or wars. In either case, military geography continues to keep pace with technological developments and seeks to apply geographic information, principles, and tools to military situations or problems during peacetime or war. Throughout the twentieth century, professional and academic geographers made enormous contributions to the US Military’s understanding of distant places and cultures. The vast collection of Area Handbooks found in most university libraries, serves as testament to the significant effort by geographers during wartime. Although some of the work remains hidden by security classification, a casual glance at Munn’s (1980) summary of the roles of geographers within the Department of Defense (DOD) enables one to appreciate the discipline’s far-reaching impact on military affairs. The value of military geography within a theater of war can hardly be disputed. The subfield has also been important during peacetime, however, providing an important forum for the continuing discourse among geographers, military planners, political officials, and government agencies, as each relies upon geographic tools and information to address a wide range of problems within the national security and defense arenas. Despite the subdiscipline’s well-established tenure, the Military Geography Specialty Group is in its infancy. The time-lag is attributable to the subfield’s tumultuous experience during the Vietnam era and the associated demise that ensued.
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Hongoh, Joseph. "Interventions and the Limits of the Responsibility to Protect: Regional Organisations and the Global South." In Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention in the 21st Century, 192–215. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423816.003.0009.
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In Chapter Eight, Sovereignty versus Responsibility to Protect, Joseph Hongoh argues that the struggle in navigating the tension surrounding sovereignty as responsibility to protect actually obscures rather than enables productive engagements with the concept and practice of intervention. Referring to case studies from Africa, Hongoh suggests that integrating regional organizations (ROs) within the international-regional-national axes of R2P potentially restricts the broader conception of intervention. In undertaking this examination, he begins by providing an alternative reading of sovereignty as a responsibility. In this regard, he demonstrates how regional organizations in Africa have perennially engaged with the questions of sovereignty, responsibility, protection and human solidarity within the broader frames of political and economic empowerment and emancipation. In the last two sections of his chapter, Hongo shows how the broader conception of intervention has the potential effect of producing transnational sovereignty, and in ways that are not imagined within R2P. The result, he suggests, may lead to implementation of R2P within the conditions of sovereignty that are determined by ROs.
Conference papers on the topic "Vietnam – Economic conditions – 21st century"
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O'Lawrence, Henry. "The Worforce for the 21st Century." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3655.
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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology] Aim/Purpose: In today’s changing economy, economic growth depends on career and technical programs for skill training. Background: This study discusses the key area in promoting individual learning and skill training and discusses the importance of career education and training as a way of promoting economic growth. Methodology: This study uses a qualitative study approach to investigate and report on the status and influence of Workforce Education and Development and its economic importance. Contribution: This report contributes to the knowledge base common to all work settings that can solve many human performance problems in the workplace. Findings: This study also justifies and validates the ideas on the importance of workforce education and development in the 21st century as a way of developing economic growth and providing learning to make individuals competitive in the global economy. Recommendations for Practitioners: For practitioners, this study suggests that we must always have discussions of what leads to career success and understanding that there is not enough high-skill/high-wage employment to go around. Therefore, developing these skills requires a decision about a career or related group of jobs to prepare to compete for them; we have to provide training needed in order to be competitive in global economy. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers have to develop strategies to promote career direction with willingness to evaluate the level of academic interest, level of career focus and readiness for life away from home (attitudes, skills and knowledge of self). Impact on Society: Institutions must regularly evaluate curriculum to reflect the rapid technological changes and the globalization of world markets that reflect their mission and develop students’ mindset to always think big and think outside the box in order to be competitive in the global market. Change is external, transition is internal. It is important that the change agent communicate both the reasons for change and the probable consequences that people will experience during the time of this change, which is transition – a change people go through when they become unemployed or face a major employment obstacle in their lives. Future Research: New research should focus on career assessment materials and related academic programs and career directions that will promote success.
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Hoványi, Gábor, Róbert Tésits, and B. Levente Alpek. "An in-depth survey of the factors causing dissatisfaction within the group of elderly workers in South Transdanubia." In The Challenges of Analyzing Social and Economic Processes in the 21st Century. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/casep21c.13.
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The currently still active age group (aged 50–64) faces a number of difficulties with the approaching retirement age, as their ability to work and adapt quickly to changing situations are constantly losing their effectiveness. With this, of course, we do not claim that an older worker will carry out his or her work less effectively than a younger worker, as the experience gained in a particular job can balance out the performance differences stemming from age. However, as we approach the retirement age, losing your job at an older age would pose serious challenges for those who would want to return to the group of economically active workers. It is unlikely that they will find a job that matches their qualifications, as their knowledge is less up-to-date and employers would prefer young people who could be relied on in the longer term, as opposed to those who need to be replaced within a few years. These potential difficulties are revealed by the widely distributed questionnaire, which seeks to identify the motivations and preparedness of different social strata for the changing challenges of a precarious age, based on the current economic situation and living conditions of the workers. Results: Through the questionnaire survey, we were able to gain insight into how aging workers are preparing for their approaching retirement years and what steps they can take to preserve their current labour market position, as well as what opportunities they might have for returning to the labour market after losing their jobs as a result of possible redundancies. Conclusion: Due to the aging national age structure, the situation of the aging workers is becoming an increasingly widespread problem, which, if we are not able to remedy in time, then will have to count on the degradation of the employability for the examined group in the near future. This will be mainly due to the constantly deteriorating health status of the individuals and the overwhelmed health care system that needs to provide for all age groups.
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Mestry, Raj, and Pierre du Plessis. "EMPOWERING PRINCIPALS TO LEAD AND MANAGE PUBLIC SCHOOLS EFFECTIVELY IN THE 21ST CENTURY." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end006.
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Globally, education systems have been affected by radical social, political and economic changes. Although school principals play a pivotal role in improving student learning and attaining educational outcomes, they work under strenuous conditions to deal with multifaceted transformational issues. Principals experience great difficulty in coping with numerous changes, partly because they are inadequately prepared for their leadership position, or simply lack the necessary skills, knowledge and attitudes to lead and manage schools effectively and efficiently. Fundamentally, principals should be empowered to effectively deal with challenges facing them in the 21st century. Using qualitative research, this study explored the importance of promoting a culture of professional development that will prepare principals to confront education challenges and obstacles facing them. Fifteen principals were selected to determine their perceptions and experiences of how they were prepared and professionally developed to lead and manage schools. Findings revealed that in South Africa, there is no formal preparation for aspiring or practicing principals taking on leadership and management positions, and very few in-service professional development programmes are available. There is a dire need for education authorities to introduce compulsory training and development programmes for aspiring and practicing school leaders to lead and manage their schools successfully.
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Aparin, Boris. "REHABILITATION AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS ON DEGRADED SOILS IN THE HUMID ZONE." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1670.978-5-317-06490-7/35-39.
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Most of the arable soils that became deposits at the turn of the 21st century have lowered their agroecological potential. This is due to degradation processes, which manifest in various forms depending on the structure of the soil cover, types of anthropogenic impact, and farming systems used. Assessing theagroecological potential of degraded soils is becoming more complicated due to global climate change. Thus, the problem arises of developing rehabilitation soil-conservation farming systems adapted to climate change and modern socio-economic conditions.
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Polyanskaya, Elina, Anna Golubkina, Lyubov Usacheva, and Tatiana Samarets. "Studying and applying the conceptual framework of competitiveness in the digital age." In "The Caspian in the Digital Age" within the framework of the International Scientific Forum "Caspian 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development". Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.ulzm4595.
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The global economic crisis of 2020, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, affected all areas of the economies of different countries and led to complete transformation of economic systems, including the soaring digitalization, and demonstrated an extreme need for revising many existing approaches to defining economic categories. Given the rapid development of the digital economy, the issue of defining the concept of competitiveness under such conditions is seen particularly topical. The paper aims to conduct a detailed analysis of the approaches of various researchers to the definition of competition and competitiveness both in Russian and international practice, to identify their strengths and weaknesses, to develop necessary criteria for this category and to present a definition of competitiveness relevant in the digital economy era. Within the framework of this paper, an effort was made to collect the existing notions of digital economy and digitalization, competition and competitiveness, to systematize them and analyse them in their entirety. The study resulted in a conclusion that there is no generally accepted definition of competitiveness that would correspond to the current digital realities of the 21st century among both Russian and foreign scientists, who define competitiveness on the basis of the specificity of their countries’ economic development. Findings were also made regarding the existing interpretations of this concept, the main aspects, which are typical to the digital age, were highlighted and a definition of competitiveness, reflecting the main properties in the digital economy, was given.
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Kostadinović, Ivana, and Sunčica Stanković. "Comparative Analysis of the Development of the Small and Medium Enterprises Sector in the Republic of Serbia and the European Union." In Seventh International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2021.1.
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In modern conditions, developed market economies base their growth and development on the small and medium enterprises sector and entrepreneurship, as the most efficient segment of the economy, which provides the greatest contribution to employment, GDP and turnover. Since SMEs significantly contribute to employment, competitiveness and exports, developed countries have taken a systematic and organized approach to encourage their development and successful functioning. Following the example of developed countries, developing countries, are increasingly basing their economic growth and development on the SME sector. In the Republic of Serbia, at the beginning of the 21st century, institutional changes were implemented, which resulted in the improvement of the business environment and significant progress in building a system for encouraging and supporting the development of SMEs. The paper aims to, through comparative analysis, explain the development of the SME sector in the Republic of Serbia and the European Union.
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Rodgers, C. "25-5 Kwe Microturbine Design Aspects." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0626.
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In concert with the growing emphasis placed on distributed power generation there will be a need, in the first decade of the 21st century, for a compact thermal energy system capable of providing the total energy needs of individual homes. A natural gas fueled cogeneration microturbine with ultra low emissions will meet this need. The results of a study to assess the thermal and economic aspects of microturbines in the 25 to 5 Kwe range are presented. It was determined that with current state of art component peak performance levels, and metallic materials, thermal efficiency goals of 27 and 22.5% respectively at sea level standard day conditions are attainable. Higher overall thermal efficiencies of 60% are attainable with a microturbine combined with a fuel cell, and approaching 80% combined with exhaust fired boilers. Development of a low cost natural gas combustor injection method, combined with a low cost high effectiveness recuperator were considered mandatory for market acceptance.
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Mazur-Kumrić, Nives. "POST-COVID-19 RECOVERY AND RESILIENCEBUILDING IN THE OUTERMOST REGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: TOWARDS A NEW EUROPEAN STRATEGY." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22443.
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The socio-economic environment of the outermost regions of the European Union was severely affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Due to their geographical and historical specificities, the outermost regions were significantly lagging behind the rest of the European Union in terms of economic indicators even in the pre-pandemic period. Expectedly, COVID-19-induced shocks additionally potentiated their development gap. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the multiple impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Réunion, Martinique, Mayotte, and Saint Martin (France), the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), and the Canary Islands (Spain), and the related legislative responses of the European Union aiming at eliminating adverse effects of the crisis and building more resilient societies. The factual assessment is carried out primarily through the prism of the European Commission’s 2021 Study on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Outermost Regions, which underlines the health, economic and social repercussions of the crisis as well as a recommended set of recovery and resilience-building measures in the outermost regions. The legal analysis focuses on the ongoing codification of the rules and measures regulating the governance of the outermost regions as integral parts of the European Union. Pursuant to Article 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), the European Union shall adopt specific measures for laying down the conditions for the development of the outermost regions, such as those in the area of fiscal policy, European Structural and Investment Funds, State-aid, agriculture and fisheries policies, and others. In that regard, the paper looks into the recently adopted regulations facilitating the use of EU funds and particular benefits (e.g. tax exemptions) in the outermost regions. Special emphasis is put on the currently tabled initiatives for an updated regulatory framework enabling the outermost regions to improve and strengthen their overall socio-economic position. That mainly refers to the forthcoming European strategy for the outermost regions, to be adopted in 2022. The respective strategy shall lay the foundations for a new strategic approach of the European Union to shaping a sustainable and resilient future for the outermost regions apt to face the challenges of the 21st century, notably those related to green, digital, and demographic transition.
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Yereli, Ahmet Burçin, and Tuncay Kara. "Turkish States' New Field Of Attack: Health Tourism." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00455.
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The lifetime of human being has lengthened out depending on the developing medical technology and the incredible development of life conditions in accordance with the past. Subject to the lengthening lifetime, high expenditures are excessively spent for the health service in order to keep and develop their health level by both the individuals and the states that reserve high shares for health from their budgets. Through the direct flow of foreign currency into the economies of the States, the field where the easiest money transfer is performed is tourism. In the 21st century, the name of the meeting field of health sector and tourism. The Turkish States located just in the middle of the European Economic Region and the Arabian Economies and the developing Chinese Economy, will have the inarguable advantages at the field of health tourism in the years 2030 intended for being the countries whose 65+ population will reach at the 25% level of their whole populations where the health expenses of the current powerful economies are carried out by their population structures, the short distance of flight which effects the healing process of the ones getting treated, and also by their magnificent geographies. Turkish States will be able to have a say in the market of health service in the world of future providing huge economic acquisition by creating new employment areas for their young ones through health tourism. Turkish States should develop the policies to encourage their investors in order to investon this field.
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Valantinaite, Ilona, and Živilė Sederevičiūtė-Pačiauskienė. "The Pros and Cons of Online Learning Environment from the Students’ Perspective." In 14th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2021.14.026.
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The country’s participation in the Bologna process obliges it to strategically develop lifelong learning. The internet network is a key to accessibility of studies to everybody. Technologization seems to be an integral part of the system of education in the 21st century. According to the researchers, technologization facilitates teaching/learning and makes it more attractive, accessible, individual and efficient. However, some researchers still doubt its effectiveness and efficiency. Therefore, what factors promote technologization? Do efforts and insights of politicians answer the students’ needs? The aim of the study is to reveal the attitude of students towards application of virtual learning environments in the study process and its compliance with the contemporary tendencies in study organisation. The article focuses on the development of lifelong learning in the Bologna process documents. The data of qualitative research are also presented: the students’ attitude towards advantages and disadvantages of applying virtual learning environments in the study process. The applied methods include analysis of scholarly literature and documents, qualitative research. The article presents the analysis of open-ended questions about the advantages and disadvantages of virtual learning environments. The research sample included 106 third year university students. Technically the accessibility of studies is developed but the personal individuality and exceptionality of individual needs are trivialized to convenience of learning when the place and time for learning can chose. If the main focus of studies is diverted from the personality growth, building up of individual's values and worldview to technologization exclusively, a passive consumer society, whose members are not ready to assume responsibility and do not justify the essential idea of higher education, is developed. Unbalanced workload of highly qualified specialists in higher education institutions does not create the anticipated economic value, economic and social wellbeing or added value. Appropriate distribution of responsibilities establishes conditions for development of culture and building up personalities.
Reports on the topic "Vietnam – Economic conditions – 21st century"
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Petrie, Christopher, Clara García-Millán, and María Mercedes Mateo-Berganza Díaz. Spotlight: 21st Century Skills in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003343.
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There is a wealth of conversation around the world today on the future of the workplace and the skills required for children to thrive in that future. Without certain core abilities, even extreme knowledge or job-specific skills will not be worth much in the long run. To address these issues, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and HundrED conducted this Spotlight project with the goal of identifying and researching leading innovations that focus on 21st Century Skills in Latin America and the Caribbean. The Spotlight program was supported by J.P. Morgan. The purpose of this project is to shine a spotlight, and make globally visible, leading education innovations from Latin America and the Caribbean doing exceptional work on developing 21st Century Skills for all students, teachers, and leaders in schools today. The main aims of this Spotlight are to: Discover the leading innovations cultivating 21st century skills in students globally; understand how schools or organizations can implement these innovations; gain insight into any required social or economic conditions for these innovations to be effectively introduced into a learning context; celebrate and broadcast these innovations to help them spread to new countries. All the findings of the Spotlight in 21st Century Skills are included in this report.