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Academic literature on the topic 'Vieillissement magnétique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vieillissement magnétique"
Genoud, F., M. Nechtschein, R. Racine, MF Planche, and JC Thiéblemont. "Conductivité, susceptibilité magnétique et relaxation nucléaire, en fonction du vieillissement dans le polypyrrole." Journal de Chimie Physique 92 (1995): 995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1995920995.
Full textBelaich, R. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle cérébrale : concept BOLD et compréhension théorique du vieillissement neurocognitif." NPG Neurologie - Psychiatrie - Gériatrie 19, no. 111 (June 2019): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.npg.2019.02.002.
Full textYoung-Bernier, Marielle, Annick N. Tanguay, François Tremblay, and Patrick S. R. Davidson. "Age Differences in Reaction Times and a Neurophysiological Marker of Cholinergic Activity." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 34, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980815000409.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Vieillissement magnétique"
Young-Bernier, Marielle. "Marqueurs neurophysiologiques de la cognition et du vieillissement : Études par stimulation magnétique transcrânienne." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31905.
Full textGenet, Sébastien. "Etude des mécanismes de vieillissement physique des polyréthanes : application aux Propergols solides." Mulhouse, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MULH0757.
Full textThe aim is to study the mechanisms of the physical aging of propellants based on polyuréthanes made with a soft polybutadiene phase and a hard phase of urethane clusters. This system tends to relax during aging with a phenomenon of phase séparation that corrupts burning properties. "Spin echo" and "spin diffusion" solid state NMR investigations give access to the clusters diameter, the width of the interphase and, to the proton partition and the hardness of the two phases and of the interphase. These analyses indicate a macroscopic and a nanoscopic rigidification of the two phases and of the interphase. They show a stability of the clusters diameter and of the width of the interphase during aging. The behaviour of polyuréthanes in function of additives such as dioctylazelate plasticizer points out a sélective plasticization of the soft phase and a rigidification of the two phases in presence of charge. These behaviours are modelized for each case
Onen, Fannie. "Apport des technologies récentes d'IRM à l'étude du vieillissement cérébral." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA132002.
Full textChennabasappa, Madhu. "Etude du vieillissement de matériaux magnétocaloriques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14970/document.
Full textMagnetic refrigeration has gained lot of importance and attention as they are highlighted to be environmental friendly, energy efficient. Presently, though at research stage, the magnetic refrigerators are pushed towards realization in domestic application with extensive work on materials and with few working models. One critical issue, the potential resistance to corrosion in case of different class of magnetocaloric materials (Gd6Co1.67Si3, Ni2Mn0.75Cu0.25Ga and Pr0.66Sr0.34MnO3) against the heat transport fluid is addressed. To better understand and improve the observed magnetocaloric properties in Heulser alloys Ni2Mn0.75Cu0.25Ga and to elaborate the same with the magneto-structural relation, studies on (i) cation distribution with in crystal structure and/or (ii) microstructural dependence are presented. Nuclear and magnetic phase diagram based on detailed neutron diffraction and magnetism studies for magnetocaloric perovskite oxide Pr1-xSrxMnO3 (0.25≤x≤0.45) is also presented
Lemaître, Hervé. "Marqueurs et facteurs de risque du vieillissement neuroanatomique : étude de la cohorte EVA-IRM." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2006.
Full textBarnouin, Yoann. "Développement d’un indicateur de sarcopénie à partir de critères IRM." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066467.
Full textSarcopenia is the inevitable decrease in muscle mass with advancing age, but its development can be accelerated through pathological and behavioural factors. However there is no consensus on the adoption of a true sarcopenia diagnostic criterion essential in a clinical practice. While some authors have decided to include the notion of physical performance (strength and/or mobility) in their criterion, others have standardized their quantitative criterion of muscle mass with indicators of stature evolving with age which may be confounding factors. Our work is part of the European project intituled “MyoAge”. One of the objectives is the assessment of neuromuscular changes during healthy ageing. It aims to develop a new indicator of sarcopenia using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data with one hundred young and elderly participants. Thanks to this gold standard technique to estimate body composition, we proposed a standard method of segmentation of different MRI slices of the quadriceps femoris (QUAD) in order to estimate the volume as accurately as possible based on anatomical landmarks. Then our work has shown that, by segmenting slices every 5 cm along the muscle group, it was possible to estimate accurately the volume through the cylindrical calculation method. After that, our work showed that segmenting one MRI slice at mid-femur length, it was possible to obtain a robust indicator of muscle volume normalized by femur length. Because intramuscular fat infiltration (IMF) increases significantly with age, our sarcopenia criterion proposes to consider it. The results of our study have also shown that IMF within the ACSA at mid-femur length was representative of IMF in the overall volume of the QUAD. Therefore, we chose to use the slice of the QUAD at 50 % of the femur length. Because QUAD muscle ACSA is independent of the height of the subject, the sarcopenia criterion or the muscle mass index is as follows: QUAD muscle ACSA – QUAD IMF ACSA. Subsequently, we tested our sarcopenia criterion by comparing to those generally available to check our assumptions and analyse its association with physical performance. The results indicate that: (1) the prevalence of sarcopenia greatly depends on the used diagnostic criterion which causes a real problem for the detection of sarcopenic individuals in a clinical setting and thus their medical care, and (2) there is an association between a "poor" muscle mass and a "poor" strength in our elders. However, no association with mobility parameters was observed. These results are consistent with those recently reported in the literature which doesn’t show a direct link between muscle mass and motor performance. Dynapenia, which is characterized by a decrease in muscle strength with advancing age, is more likely to be associated with physical limitations. The establishment of a dynapenia diagnostic criterion considering in parallel the evaluation of muscle strength and the muscle mass (as one of the possible causes of dynapenia) seems to be essential to detect people with an exaggerated loss of muscle strength (whether or not due to an exaggerated decrease in muscle mass that could be assessed through our sarcopenia criterion in order to prevent an increased risk of functional impairment and thus avoid the vicious circle of the dependence. Finally, our criterion of sarcopenia or "muscle mass" could be used on a larger scale beyond the scope of gerontology
Harand, Caroline. "Etude en imagerie cérébrale fonctionnelle du rôle du sommeil dans la consolidation de souvenirs épisodiques chez le sujet jeune et au cours du vieillissement normal : thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1713.
Full textNumerous studies indicate that sleep favors episodic memory consolidation, leading to the functional reorganization of cerebral networks supporting this process. If the role of sleep in memory consolidation has been largely investigated in young healthy subjects, little is known about this process in aging. Using fMRI, this thesis aimed at better understanding the effect of sleep on memory consolidation in older adults. Studies were conducted in young and old healthy subjects who slept after learning emotional and neutral pictures and in young subjects who were sleep-deprived after learning. Sleep was recorded in older adults. All these subjects performed an fMRI recognition task 3 days and 3 months after learning to assess mid-term and long-term memory consolidation respectively. The first study demonstrated the role of the hippocampus in memory consolidation according to the episodic or semantic nature of memories. The second and third studies assessed the role of sleep in emotional memory consolidation. Despite the lack of obvious behavioural differences, we showed that sleep deprivation and increasing age are two conditions that may hinder this process. More precisely, we reported that this impairment is associated with decreased coupling between the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, disruption of slow-wave activity disruption in older subjects may also compromise this process
Samaille, Thomas. "Segmentation automatique des anomalies de la substance blanche du sujet âgé." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066162.
Full textLémeret, Sabrina. "Etude de la relation entre le métabolisme lipidique et les marqueurs de vieillissement cérébral en imagerie par résonance magnétique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0063.
Full textIncreasing longevity and improved management of cardiovascular diseases has led to an increase in the frequency of age-related neurological diseases, especially stroke and dementia. MRI markers of vascular brain injury (white matter hyperintensities [WMH], silent infarcts and microbleeds) are powerful predictors of stroke and dementia, very frequent in the elderly, and can be measured easily. We studied the association between some components of lipid metabolism (plasma lipid levels, Apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε genotype) and MRI markers of vascular brain injury. We found in a systematic review with meta-analysis that the ε4 allele of the APOE gene is associated with larger WMH volume and a higher frequency of cerebral microbleeds, and that the APOEε2 allele is associated with larger WMH volume and a higher frequency of silent brain infarcts. We also report in the 3C-Dijon Study and in the EVA study that higher triglyceride levels are associated with an increased WMH volume and with a higher frequency of silent lacunar (small subcortical) brain infarcts. Finally, we investigated the clinical significance of these associations the 3C Study. We observed that higher triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels, were associated with an increased risk of all dementia and its subtypes, in community persons aged 74 years at baseline and followed for up to 12 years. We conclude that lipid metabolism is associated with MRI-markers of cerebrovascular aging and dementia
Maillard, Pauline. "Vieillissement et hypersignaux de la substance blanche : Détection automatique et application à l'analyse de grandes cohortes." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2041.
Full textThe increase of life expectancy during the last century has led to a growing number of dementia cases in the aging population. This incidence has reinforced the importance of characterizing the mechanisms of the normal brain aging. Among them, White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) are a strong marker of vascular diseases and explain, in parts, cognitive decline observed in individuals aged 65 years and over. We have developed an automated algorithm for the detection, quantification, localization and mapping WMH using T1-, T2- and PD- (proton density) weighted MRI. This algorithm was applied to the analysis of two large MRI databases: EVA (Etude du Vieillissement Artériel) and 3C (Etude des 3 Cités). The reliability of the whole procedure was assessed by the comparison of WMH load estimated with a conventional visual inspection approach and by investigating whether previously reported associations still hold with the WMH load detected by our algorithm. We finally tested the inter-centre reproducibility the method by comparing WMH distributions and loads in the two samples and its robustness to different MRI parameters. In order to apply to longitudinal data, the method has been optimized to study individually the emergence of new WMH between the two trials and the development of WMH already existing at baseline. This study suggested that load of deep WMH was constant between the two sessions, contrary to juxtaventricular or periventricular WMH underlying that dichotomization of WMH based on physiological determinants has an etiological relevance. The results also indicated that development of existing WMH was larger with age, particularly in men, contrary to the emergence of new WMH that kept constant with aging. This original approach offer new possibilities to investigate the aetiology of WMH, still largely unknown, and to make their cognitive and motor consequences on aging population clearer