Academic literature on the topic 'Vieillissement du riz'

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Santé publique France, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France. Background Earlier studies, have reported sex differences in clinical presentation, management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) which have prompted the medical community to take actions to erase these differences. To our knowledge, there has been no recent analysis of sex difference trends in ACS management, to assess whether these differences have been attenuated over time. Aim To assess recent sex differences trends in ACS characteristics, management and associated mortality. Methods We assessed all men and women (aged 35-74) hospitalized for an incident (first) ACS, in the 3 distinct geographical areas covered by the MONICA registries in the north, east and south-west of France, during a 12-month period in 2006 and a 6-month period in 2016. We analyzed the patients’ clinical, biochemical, electrocardiographic and care-related data, and their vital status 12 months after the ACS. Results We analyzed 2023 incident ACSs in 2006 and 1173 in 2016. The proportion of men was three times higher than that of women in both periods. In 2016, women were younger (62.0 y in 2006 and 60.4 y in 2016; p=0.06) and men were older (57.6 y in 2006 and 59.0 y in 2016; p<0.01). Women had no longer more atypical symptoms than men in 2016. In both men and women, the proportion of patients with NSTEMI increased from 26% in 2006 to 39% in 2016 (p<0.0001), whereas the proportion of patients with unstable angina decreased from 14% in 2006 to 7% in 2016 (p<0.0001). Between 2006 and 2016, the proportion of thrombolysis fell from 10% to 1% (p<0.0001); conversely, the proportion of patients receiving angioplasty increased from 67% to 75% (p<0.001). However, men were still more likely than women to receive revascularization therapy (+19% in 2006 and +18% in 2016). Between 2006 and 2016, prescriptions of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors at discharge decreased from 68% to 64% (p< 0.01), and prescriptions of statins increased from 89% to 91% (p=0.02), as did prescription of functional rehabilitation from 34% to 40% (p<0.0001). Despite these trends, platelet aggregation inhibitors, statins and functional rehabilitation were still less prescribed in women than men in 2016 (p<0.01), independently of confounders. Finally, the 12-month case fatality rate was 11% in 2006 and 10% in 2016 (p=0.15), without sex differences. Conclusions The results of the present study evidenced an improvement over time in the management of ACS. However, although there were no longer sex differences in the patients’ age and clinical presentation, women with ACS were still less likely than men to receive revascularization and pharmacological treatments in 2016.

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Santé Publique France, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France. Background The prognosis of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is strongly affected by the clinical, biological, and angiographic features of the event. However, few studies have characterized long-term recurrences of ACS after an incident (first) event. Aim The goals of this study were (i) to estimate the long-term (9 years) risk of ACS recurrence, including fatal ACS recurrence, among survivors of a first-ever ACS, according to its diagnosis subtype (STEMI / NSTEMI / Unstable angina (UA)) and (ii) to identify factors associated with these risks. Methods We assessed all men and women (aged 35-74) hospitalized between January 2009 and December 2016 for an incident (first-ever) ACS, in the 3 distinct geographical areas covered by the MONICA registries in the north, east and south-west of France, and still alive at discharge (Index event). ACSs were classified as STEMI, NSTEMI and UA. Patients were followed-up until December 2017. Recurrent events were defined as the first non-fatal or fatal ACS occurring after hospital discharge from the index event. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess the relationships between recurrent ACS and variables of interest. Results A total of 15,739 incident ACSs were included. The study comprised a total of 63,777 patients-years and a median duration of follow-up of 3.8 [1.6-6.0] years. There were 1,963 (12,4%) recurrent ACSs of which almost half (1,046; 53%) occurred during the first year. The 1-, 5- and 9- year cumulative probabilities of recurrent ACS were 6.7% [6.3-7.1%], 13.4% [12.8-14.0%] and 18.4% [17.4-19.5%], respectively, and those of fatal recurrent ACS were 1.4% [1.2-1.5%], 2.7% [2.3-3.0%] and 4.3% [3.6-4.9%], respectively. Annual 1-year recurrence rates decreased between 2009 and 2016, from 7.4% to 4.0% (p Cochran-Armitage test <0.001). After an index STEMI and NSTEMI, the most frequent form of recurrent event was a NSTEMI, whereas UA was more likely event after an index UA. The age at the time of the event, the geographical region (North to South gradient), the presence of a major event (i.e. resuscitated cardiac arrest, acute pulmonary oedema or cardiogenic shock), and an impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were significantly associated with the risk of recurrence and fatal recurrence. ACS subtype was not associated with recurrent risk after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions In conclusion, after an incident ACS the recurrence rate remained elevated, with one in five patients experiencing a recurrent ACS during a 9-years follow-up. Half of recurrent events occurred within the first year after the index event and NSTEMI was the most frequent form of recurrent event. Age at the time of the event, region, major event and impaired LVEF are factors associated with a higher risk of recurrence, the most important one being an LVEF <35%.

Les balles de céréales, à savoir l'enveloppe autour du grain, ont récemment retenu l'attention des scientifiques afin d'entrer dans la formulation de biocomposites. En effet, ces sous-produits de l'agriculture ont un coût négligeable, sont perpétuellement renouvelables et disponibles en volume important dans le Monde et leur fin de vie est assurée par leur biodégradabilité. Leurs compositions chimiques et leurs propriétés thermiques et mécaniques sont similaires à celles des fibres naturelles.Dans cette thèse, deux types de balles de riz et deux types de balles de Petit Epeautre ont été étudiées à travers leur microstructure, leur composition chimique, leurs propriétés mécaniques et thermiques. Les balles ont été incorporées dans une matrice bio-sourcée et biodégradable, à savoir le poly(acide lactique) (PLA) pour donner des biocomposites dont les propriétés d'usage ont été étudiées. Il apparaît que les balles céréalières peuvent devenir un candidat potentiel intéressant pour le renforcement du PLA moyennant une amélioration de l'adhésion à l'interface entre les balles et le PLA.Afin d'améliorer cette interface, les balles ont été traitées par une solution alcaline (NaOH) et par des agents de couplage de type organosilane (3-aminopropyltriéthoxysilane et 3- glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane). Le traitement alcalin a permis de retirer une grande partie des hémicelluloses, de la lignine, de la cire et de la silice présentes dans les balles. La dissolution de ces constituants a provoqué une plus forte hygroscopicité des balles et se traduit par de plus faibles propriétés mécaniques des biocomposites. Le couplage traitement alcalin/traitement silane semble apporter une amélioration des performances plus importantes que le traitement silane seul. Ce traitement de surface a davantage d'impact sur la balle de Petit Epeautre que sur la balle de riz.L'évolution des propriétés d'usage des biocomposites à base de balles de riz au cours de différents vieillissements (thermique, hydro-thermique, cyclages hygro-thermiques, UV) a été étudiée. Les résultats montrent que l'évolution microstructurale induite par les vieillissements influence significativement les propriétés des biocomposites. La dégradation des biocomposites se traduit par une diminution de la masse moléculaire moyenne du PLA. La réorganisation de ces macromolécules augmente sensiblement le taux de cristallinité du matériau. Ceci induit un changement de la couleur, de la stabilité dimensionnelle des pièces et des propriétés mécaniques du PLA et des biocomposites qui dépend essentiellement de la température de vieillissement par rapport à la température de transition vitreuse du PLA. Il apparaît que l'ajout de balles accélère la dégradation du PLA. Dans le cas d'un vieillissement hydro-thermique au-dessus de la température de transition vitreuse du PLA, une réduction de cette dégradation a été mise en évidence par l'utilisation de certains traitements de surface des balles
The cereal husks, namely the envelope around the grain, have recently attracted the attention of scientists for biocomposites development, because they are low-cost, renewable, biodegradable, and available in abundant volume throughout the world. Their chemical composition and their thermal and mechanical properties are similar to the natural fibers.In this work, two types of rice husk and two types of Einkorn wheat husk were studied through their microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical and thermal properties. The husks have been incorporated into a bio-sourced and biodegradable matrix, namely poly (lactic acid) (PLA) to produce biocomposite which functional properties were studied. It appears that the husks can be good candidates for strengthening the PLA through improved adhesion at the interface between the husks and the PLA.To improve the husks/PLA interface, the husks were treated with an alkaline solution (NaOH) and organosilane coupling agents, such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3 - glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The alkaline treatment has removed much of hemicelluloses, lignin, wax and silica present in the husks. The dissolution of these components resulted in a higher hygroscopicity of husks and lower mechanical properties of biocomposites. The coupling between an alkaline treatment and a silane treatment seems to provide better properties than the silane treatment alone. This surface treatment has a greater impact on the Einkorn wheat husks than on rice husksThe variations of the functional properties of rice husks based biocomposites during different ageings (thermal ageing, hydro-thermal ageing, hygro-thermal cycled ageing, UV ageing) was studied. The results show that the microstructural changes induced by ageing significantly influence the properties of biocomposites. Biocomposites degradation results in a decrease of the average molecular weight of PLA. The reorganization of these macromolecules significantly increases the degree of crystallinity of the material. This causes a change in color, dimensional stability of devices and mechanical properties of PLA and biocomposites which essentially depends on the ageing temperature regards to the glass transition temperature of PLA. It appears that the addition of husks accelerates the degradation of PLA. In the case of a hydro-thermal ageing performed above the glass transition temperature of the PLA, a reduction of this degradation was demonstrated by the use of specific surface treatments of husks

Cette étude vise à développer des capteurs de gaz à haute performance à base d'oxydes métalliques pour la détection à température ambiante de biomarqueurs générés dans le processus de vieillissement du riz. Trois oxydes métalliques ayant des défauts structuraux tels que W18O49, CeO2-x et ZnO/ZnSnO3 ont été préparés avec succès grâce à une stratégie combinant une méthode hydrothermale simple avec différentes modifications de surface, y compris le dopage avec métaux précieux et le conditionnement structurel. La topographie et la composition de phase des oxydes métalliques obtenus ont été étudiées à l'aide de la microscopie électronique à balayage par émission de champ (FE-SEM), de la Diffraction des rayons X (DRX), de la microscopie électronique à transmission à haute résolution (HRTEM) et du spectromètre photoélectronique à rayons X (XPS). Les performances de détection des gaz à température ambiante, notamment la sensibilité, le temps de réponse/récupération, la sélectivité et la stabilité de ces oxydes métalliques dans la détection des biomarqueurs générés lors du vieillissement du riz, ont été étudiées en profondeur afin d'explorer l'influence du dopage en Ru, du post-traitement et du débit d'hydrogène sur les propriétés de détection de gaz, se traduisant par la réduction de la température de fonctionnement et l'amélioration de la sensibilité.La caractérisation du matériau a montré que des oxydes métalliques de morphologie et de structure différentes ont été préparés avec succès par hydrothermie et projection plasma de solution de précurseurs (SPPS). Leur évolution microstructurale est contrôlée avec précision respectivement par l’incorporation de Ru, le recuit sous différentes atmosphères et la régulation du débit d'hydrogène. L'étude des performances de détection de gaz a montré que les oxydes métalliques obtenus présentaient d'excellentes propriétés de détection de gaz à température ambiante pour des biomarqueurs caractéristiques tels que le nonaldéhyde, le Linalol et la 2 - undécanone, incluant une sensibilité élevée, des temps de réponse/récupération rapides et une faible limite de détection. L'amélioration des propriétés de détection de gaz à température ambiante est principalement due à l'effet synergique de leur structure unique et à l'incorporation de défauts, y compris les lacunes en oxygène et les défauts cristallins. De plus, les résultats expérimentaux montrent que le recuit atmosphérique (5%H2+95%Ar) du W18O49 et du CeO2 dopé en Ru permet de différencier le riz Indica du riz Japonic. Alors que ZnO/ZnSnO3, préparé avec un débit d'hydrogène de 3L/min, est exposé aux deux variétés de riz, un comportement de conductivité inverse est observé. Plus important encore, la projection plasma de solution de précurseur (SPPS) se démarque en résolvant les limitations, telles que la croissance lente des particules et l'insuffisance des défauts dans le cristallin, qui existaient dans les méthodes mentionnées ci-dessus (dopage de métaux nobles et post-traitement). Grâce à ses propriétés intrinsèques, le SPPS permet d'introduire efficacement des défauts très concentrés dans les oxydes métalliques, mais aussi de construire des hétérostructures grâce aux différents taux de volatilisation des sources métalliques, en particulier dans la fabrication d'oxydes métalliques ternaires, renforçant conjointement les propriétés de détection de gaz des oxydes métalliques
This study aims to develop high-performance metal oxide-based gas sensors for room-temperature detection of biomarkers in rice aging by incorporating oxygen vacancies. Three metal oxides, namely W18O49, CeO2-x, and ZnO/ZnSnO3 are successfully fabricated through strategies that combined a simple hydrothermal method with different surface modifications including noble metal loading, and structural regulation. The morphologies and phase compositions of the obtained metal oxides are investigated using a field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). The room-temperature gas-sensing performance, including sensitivity, response/recovery time, selectivity, and stability, of these metal oxides in detecting biomarkers in rice aging, is comprehensively investigated to explore the influence of Ru loading, post-treatment, and hydrogen flow on the enhanced gas-sensing properties, represented by the reduction of working temperature and the improvement of sensitivity. The room-temperature gas-sensing mechanism in the analysis of the characteristic biomarker is proposed. Furthermore, the practicability of the developed gas sensors is verified by two varieties of rice (Japonica rice and Indica rice).Material characterizations reveal that metal oxides with different morphologies and structures are successfully prepared by the hydrothermal and solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) methods. Their microstructure evolutions are precisely manipulated by Ru incorporation, annealing under different atmospheres, and adjusting the flow of hydrogen, respectively. The gas-sensing performance investigations exhibit that the obtained metal oxides displayed excellent room-temperature gas-sensing properties, including high sensitivity, rapid response/recovery time, and low detection limit, towards the characteristic biomarkers such as nonanal, linalool, and 2-Undecanone. The enhanced room-temperature gas-sensing performance is chiefly due to the synergistic effects of their unique structures, and the incorporation of oxygen vacancies. In addition, the experimental results show that Ru-loaded W18O49 and CeO2-x annealed under the atmosphere (5%H2+95%Ar) may be able to distinguish Indica rice from Japonica rice. Conversely reversal conducting behaviors can be observed when ZnO/ZnSnO3 fabricated with the hydrogen flow of 3 L/min is exposed to two varieties of rice. Most importantly, SPPS stands out in solving the limitations, such as slow particle growth and insufficient oxygen vacancies in crystals, which exists in the above-stated methods (noble metal loading and post-treatment). Because of its intrinsic characteristics, SPPS can effectively incorporate highly concentrated oxygen vacancies into metal oxides, and also construct heterostructures due to the different volatilization rates of metal sources, especially in the fabrication of ternary metal oxides, collectively enhancing the gas-sensing properties of metal oxides

Ce travail de thèse avait pour objectif d’étudier différents vieillissements des copolymères d’éthylène et de norbornène (ENC), utilisés comme conditionnement de produits pharmaceutiques. Grâce à la stratégie analytique adoptée qui a fait appel à différentes techniques de caractérisation, telles que les techniques séparatives comme la chromatographie d’exclusion stérique, la chromatographie liquide haute performance à polarité de phases inversée, les techniques spectrales dont la spectroscopie infra rouge à transformée de Fourier et la spectroscopie UV, les techniques d’analyse thermique à travers l’analyse thermogravimétrie et la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage, puis d’une étude de toxicité des produits de dégradations, nous avons pu mettre en évidence différents types de modifications dans le volume du matériau après vieillissement. La modification principale dans la masse du matériau, observée à la dose réglementaire de stérilisation (25 kGy), est la scission des chaînes du polymère qui s’accompagne de la création de composés de basses masses molaires, donc de migrants potentiels risquant d’influencer la sécurité d’emploi des ENC. Puis pour des doses élevées de rayonnement (150 kGy) et pendant 500h d’exposition UV, on a la réticulation des chaînes.La présence de l’additif (l’antioxydant phénolique l’Irganox 1010®) empêche la création des CBMM après vieillissements. Cependant, en absence d’additif, les vieillissements génèrent de nouveaux CBMM.Toutefois, l’étude de toxicité montre une certaine toxicité à 150 kGy du grade ENC
The aim of this thesis work was to study different ages of copolymers of ethylene and norbornene (ENC), used as packaging of pharmaceutical products. Thanks to the analytical strategy adopted using different characterization techniques, such as separation techniques such as size exclusion chromatography, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, spectral techniques including infrared spectroscopy transforming of Fourier and UV spectroscopy, thermal analysis techniques through thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, and then a toxicity study of degradation products, we were able to highlight different types of modifications in the volume of the material after aging. The main modification in the bulk of the material, observed at the prescribed sterilization dose (25 kGy), is the cleavage of the polymer chains, which is accompanied by the creation of compounds with low molar masses, and therefore potential migrants, which are likely to influence ENC job security. Then for high doses of radiation (150 kGy) and for 500h UV exposure, there is the crosslinking of the chains. The presence of the additive (the phenolic antioxidant Irganox 1010®) prevents the creation of MBMM after aging. However, in the absence of an additive, aging generates new CBMMs. However, the toxicity study shows some toxicity at 150 kGy of the ENC