Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vieillissement des batteries'
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Edouard, Clément. "Vieillissement des batteries Li-ion de traction : des mécanismes vers le vieillissement accéléré." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2221/document.
Full textDue to their high power and energy densities, Li-ion batteries are the leading systems for the new generations of electric vehicles, for which an optimum cell design, management and configuration is essential. Modeling provides tools to perform complex analysis of the performance of Li-ion batteries and reduces the amount of time spent on experimental testing. The aim of our research is to propose a physics-based model that can predict battery behavior and aging under various conditions during the entire lifespan. A simplified electrochemical and thermal model that can predict both physicochemical and aging behaviors of Li-ion batteries has been studied. A sensitivity analysis of all its physical parameters has been performed in order to find out their influence on the model outputs based on simulations under various conditions. The results gave hints on whether a parameter needs particular attention when measured or identified and on the conditions under which it is the most sensitive. A specific simulation profile has been designed for parameters involved in aging equations in order to determine their sensitivity. Finally, a step-wise method has been followed to limit the influence of parameter values when identifying sorne of them. This sensitivity analysis and the subsequent step-wise identification method show very good results, such as a better fitting of the experimental data with simulated cell voltage. Beyond advanced comprehension and prediction, this physical model opens new possibilities to define accelerated aging tests
Juston, Maxime. "Suivi du vieillissement des batteries lithium embarquées, en usage ferroviaire." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2596.
Full textThe classical electrical model of a cell considers it as a homogeneous whole With unique characteristics (resistance, capacitance). On the contrary, we consider that a cell can be subdivided into a certain number of volumes which are considered as homogeneous from the point of view of electrical properties. The modelling of a cell is then carried out by a set of electrical circuits, one per volume. Once this construction is completed, we seek to characterise each of the parameters of the electrical circuits by means of experimental measurements. A new method of determining the parameters for cells with a non-linear open circuit voltage is proposed, which makes possible to solve many of the difficulties encountered in our work and in previous ones. The variations of the parameters with temperature and current are also determined. A second determination, this time by optimization, allows to introduce a difference of the parameters values in order to model the heterogeneity. Experimental comparisons allow to validate the relevance of the heterogeneous model and its performances. The parameters modelling the heterogeneity are representative of the cell internals and the monitoring of these parameters during the life of the cell, and therefore its ageing, allows a diagnosis of the latter to be made. An application on a pack of two cells, one new and one artificially aged, allows a qualitative discrimination of the cells. This validates the potential of this representation as a diagnostic tool
Safari, Mohammadhosein. "Vieillissement des batteries à ions lithium : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0106.
Full textThe focus of this dissertation is on aging and life prediction of lithium-ion batteries under different modes of operation. To this end, two different approaches are demonstrated in this thesis: the application of an empirical methodology derived from concepts used in mechanical fatigue and analysis of experimental aging data assisted by physics-based simulation. In a physics-based model, the behavior of the cell is described using a set of relevant governing equations. The cell performance can readily be simulated under different modes of operation and moreover, the explicit inclusion of aging phenomena in the set of governing equations might be used to simulate the performance fade of the cell. An originality of our work is to evaluate the prediction capability of the empirical approach using such a physics-based model of a graphite/LiCoO2 cell experiencing a single source of aging [i. E. , the growth of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the graphite electrode] as a dummy battery. We show that the empirical Palmgren-Miner rule (PM), well-known in the field of mechanical fatigue, is a valid and accurate damage-accumulation law for our case study. Additionally, we propose and validate another relationship for the loss accumulation over time. We demonstrate that the two developed methodologies can successfully predict the life of the cell under a given complex current profile with slightly better prediction ability for the case of the PM rule. The power of simulation-based analysis in aging study of Li-ion batteries is demonstrated for analyzing experimental aging data of a commercial graphite/LiFePO4 cell. Performance decay of this cell during either open-circuit-potential storage or under cycling conditions at 25 and 45°C during one year is monitored by non-destructive electrochemical techniques and is analyzed with the aid of post-mortem analyses and simulations of the cell performance over the course of aging. Data analysis reveals that the aging manifests itself more in terms of capacity loss rather than in terms of impedance increase, regardless of cycling or storage conditions and of temperature. The capacity fade is larger at 45 than at 25°C, regardless of cycling or storage conditions, and at a same temperature, cycling conditions are always more detrimental to capacity fade than storage conditions. An in-depth understanding of capacity-loss mechanism under both storage and cycling conditions is gained by refining some parameters of a mathematical model of the cell at different extents of aging. To do so, first, a simple while accurate model of the cell (without aging) is developed and validated that is able to properly account for the experimental charge/discharge (from C/10 to 1C) and path-dependence effects of the cell. In this model, the LiFePO4 electrode is treated based on a resistive-reactant concept with multiple particles whereas a single-particle approach is used to model the graphite electrode. The simulation-based analysis of the aging data reveals that the capacity fade during cell storage only results from the loss of cyclable lithium because of side reactions whereas the loss of graphite active material is an additional source of aging for the cells under cycling conditions. A simple kinetic analysis of electrode/electrolyte interactions is provided for the cells under storage conditions. Moreover, the growth of SEI at the graphite electrode under storage conditions is simulated in order to refine the solvent-reduction kinetic parameters and solvent diffusion coefficient in the SEI layer. From the analysis, it is shown that the SEI growth during storage is under mixed kinetic/diffusion control
Dudezert, Christophe. "Fatigue des batteries Li-ion dans le cadre d'une utilisation véhicule électrique : impact des conditions d'utilisation sur le vieillissement." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112350.
Full textThe development of Li-ion, in recent decades has contributed to the establishment of standards in terms of mobility. The demand for miniaturization and performance then favored the develpment of secure storage systems and high autonomy, rather than sustainable. The use of these batteries, as part of an automotive appliaction, for which cycle life are defined for periods of 6 to 15 years, pushes the standards. For this application, aging has become a leading criterion in choosing a technology. From this observation arises the need to develop theorical and experimental tools able to assess and ensure a long service life of the battery. Given the diversity of uses in automotive domain, the need for rapid characterization and complexity inherent in the Li-ion systems, the aging problem of a "vehicle powertrain" has been addressed by an elctrochemical "fatigue" approach inspired from mechanical fatigue studies
Cailliez, Sylvain. "Modélisation du comportement et du vieillissement d'une batterie utilisée en propulsion automobile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0006.
Full textThe present context calls for an accelerated transition from internal combustion engines to zero-emission alternatives. In the short term, the battery electric vehicle is the most likely alternative, but its limited range, lifespan, flexibility and reliability are slowing down its full deployment.Optimising the energy management of the battery pack is a key factor in improving the performance of battery electric vehicles. However, the battery is a complex component evolving within an equally complex environment with multiple interactions. Modelling is therefore the most powerful tool to achieve the best possible synergy within the vehicle system.The objective of this study is to develop a general methodology combining experimental characterisation of batteries and calibration of an electrochemical model at the cell scale.The work allows to characterise and model the electrical and thermal behaviors and the aging of "pouch" batteries extracted from an battery electric vehicle, and the multiphysical interactions between these different phenomena.The model is developed within the GT-Suite environment, which will allow the integration of the cell model in a more global model representing the whole vehicle system
Chamas, Mohamad. "Électrodes négatives pour batteries Li-ion à base de FeSn2 : performances, Mécanismes et Vieillissement." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20189.
Full textLi-ion batteries are rechargeable energy storage systems with high energy density. However, new electrode materials are needed in order to improve the electrochemical performances. This thesis is devoted to a tin based intermetallic compound as negative electrode for Li-ion batteries: FeSn2. Different synthesis methods were used in order to obtain microsized particles and nanostructured materials. The study of the electrochemical mechanisms shows that for both types of materials the first discharge is an essential restructuring step leading to the in situ formation of a Fe/Li7Sn2 nanocomposite. This transformation is due to a conversion reaction that was quantitatively characterized by Mössbauer spectroscopy from in situ and operando measurements. A new cheap and reliable electrochemical cell was developed for these measurements. Other techniques have also been used: in situ XRD and impedance spectroscopy, XPS and SQUID. By combining these tec hniques we have shown that the charge/discharge cycles were based on a reversible reaction between Li7Sn2 and tin-rich LixSn without back reaction with iron nanoparticles. This result is rather surprising because it differs from the mechanisms observed for CoSn2 and Ni3Sn4 but could explain the progressive loss of capacity usually observed with FeSn2. However, interesting performances were obtained with a capacity of 400-500mAh/g for 50 cycles and lithium rates between C/10 and 10C. Finally, we have identified aging process for the electrode at the end of discharge that causes irreversible delithiation
Mohajer, Sara. "Stratégies de charge rapide de batteries lithium-ion prenant en compte un modèle de vieillissement." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0027.
Full textA physics-based battery model is developed for an accurate state-detection of batteries in the automotive industry. In order to use the model for the purpose of fast charging control an aging observer is designed and integrated to the battery model. In a subsequent step a robust fast charging control is introduced to design a controller able to deal with large parametric uncertainties of the battery model while achieving the fast charging target. Finally some simplifications in the battery model structure, in the optimization technique and in the definition of fast charging profiles are proposed and evaluated to make the whole model applicable for an onboard battery management system
Redondo, Iglesias Eduardo. "Étude du vieillissement des batteries lithium-ion dans les applications "véhicule électrique" : combinaison des effets de vieillissement calendaire et de cyclage." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1203/document.
Full textStudying the ageing of batteries is necessary because the degradation of their features largely determines the cost, the performances and the environmental impact of electric vehicles, particularly of full electric vehicles. The chosen method in this thesis is divided in two distinct phases, namely characterisation and modelling. The first phase is based on accelerated ageing testing of battery cells. Despite being accelerated, ageing test campaigns are expensive in terms of workforce and equipments: an a priori knowledge of ageing factors is necessary, either by the means of bibliographic studies or by performing preliminary test campaigns. These initial studies lead to an experimental design setup including a certain number of ageing tests. The obtained results may reveal the influence of use conditions on the degradation of batteries. In the second phase, the battery ageing is modelled applying the knowledge acquired in the first phase. Here, the ageing laws are generalised to predict the performance degradation of a battery subjected to variable use conditions. The resulting ageing model can be used to optimally design and use the battery in a vehicle by minimising both energy and natural resources consumption. Given that battery degradation occurs in a different way if the battery is in rest condition or if a current flows through, a major challenge is to determine how calendar and cycling ageing effects combine together. In electric vehicle applications, batteries are not used (in rest condition) most of the time and current levels are relatively low when they are used. The results from accelerated ageing tests which have been carried out during this thesis confirm the non-linearity of the combination of calendar and cycling ageing when usage profiles are applied to the batteries. The usage profiles are similar to the considered application: the electric vehicle. In the last chapter of this manuscript a simple but effective ageing model is proposed. It lies in a low number of equations (2) and parameters (6) and enables to simulate the capacity fade of a battery cell subjected to ageing conditions combining cycling and rest periods. The application examples prove the usefulness of this model for the development of battery use strategies for the purpose of extending their lifespan
Cugnet, Mikael Georges André. "Intégration du vieillissement à la gestion d'une batterie plomb automobile." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13583.
Full textUgalde, Juan Miguel. "Modélisation semi-empirique du comportement électro-thermique des batteries lithium-ion et de leur vieillissement." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF013.
Full textThe automotive industry has been undergoing rapid changes for several years. Indeed, the global warming and its collective awareness give rhythm to these evolutions via increasingly restrictive regulations. To meet these new requirements, manufacturers are investing in low carbon emission technologies and in particular the electrification of powertrains. This necessarily involves improving energy storage systems, particularly lithium batteries, at all levels (autonomy, durability, safety and cost).To achieve these improvements, it is necessary to master the upstream design and the downstream optimal management of the batteries with the help of robust modeling. The latter is complex because the behavior of batteries is highly non-linear, it includes coupled multiphysics concepts such as electrochemistry, thermal and aging. It is therefore essential to take into account these phenomena and their interactions in order to better predict the loss of energy and accessible power throughout the service life of the vehicle. This knowledge then enables manufacturers to adequately size battery systems, thus improving benefits by reducing warranty risks. As part of this work, a semi-empirical approach is proposed to predict the ageing of high-energy lithium-ion batteries. The development of ageing laws was carried out following a campaign of accelerated ageing tests. It has been shown during this campaign that temperature is a key factor in ageing. Therefore, an electro-thermal model was designed to estimate the internal temperature of the batteries in order to be as representative as possible during usage. These two models were then coupled in a simulation environment to model and validate the loss of capacity under different operating conditions representative of the automotive use. The second part of the thesis concerns the study of internal temperature and battery ageing using characterization and diagnostic methods based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and measurement of entropy variation. Indeed, entropy profiles are measured during ageing to better quantify heat generation in order to improve thermal modeling. The latter has been estimated in a non-intrusive way using a transfer function developed from impedance spectra
Pierre, André Albert Bernard. "Etude des mécanismes de vieillissement des interfaces de batteries Lithium-ion appliquées aux énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3001/document.
Full textDevelopment of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic or wind energy is limited by the intermittent nature of these energy sources. This intermittent nature results in the mismatch between production and consumption peaks. As a result, the storage of electrical energy plays an essential role to manage this mismatch. To this aim, lithium-ion technology appears as a good candidate among other ways of electrochemical storage of energy. However the targeted applications require much greater life span than those commonly admitted for portable electronics or electric vehicles. Battery performances, e.g. rechargeable capacity, should be preserved over 15 or 20 years. This PhD thesis aims at studying the long-term aging mechanisms of Li-ion batteries made up of lamellar oxides Li(NixMnyCo1 x y)O2 at the positive electrode and graphite at the negative electrode. We focused on the electrode/electrolyte interfaces which are the major place of aging processes. The work has been performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), two complementary techniques especially adapted to the study of interfaces, the former giving access to the chemical environments of atoms at the surface, the latter giving the answer of a system to a sinusoidal electric current with various frequencies. An important technical constraint was the difference between the targeted life span for the application (20 years) and the duration of the thesis (3 years). In order to simulate long-term aging the batteries were submitted to electrochemical stress in much harder conditions than in normal use. XPS and EIS characterizations were constantly related to evolution of electrochemical performances of batteries. This study allowed us during the duration of the project to bring improvements to batteries in order to obtain a better response to aging mechanisms regarding retention of electrochemical performances: e.g. change of electrodes or electrolyte formulation, change of active materials composition, etc
El, mejdoubi Asmae. "Diagnostic de l’état de vieillissement des systèmes de stockage de l'énergie électrique : application : véhicule électrique." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2021.
Full textThis thesis presents a diagnosis and aging study for electrical energy storage systems used in vehicular applications. It develops different online diagnosis methods for supercapacitors and Lithium-ion batteries state of health and state of charge estimation. A large aging storage systems database was elaborated under various stress conditions using a test bench developed in our laboratory. The storage systems characterizations were also taken at each aging step and under different constraints. This work has implemented a prediction aging model for supercapacitors calendar life. Unlike other aging models, where the supercapacitor capacity loss is assumed linear with the aging time, the proposed model takes advantage of the chemical reaction showing the parameters causing the aging process. Based on the experimental data, a comparison between the experimental results of the different aging models presented in the literature highlights the precision of the proposed calendar aging model in various operating conditions. Then, different models are proposed for the diagnosis of the state of charge and the state of health of supercapacitors and Lithium-ion batteries. Indeed, three online supercapacitors aging diagnostic models are presented. The proposed strategies capitalize the estimation capabilities of three observers, well-known tools for theirs particularities and performances to study nonlinear parameters estimation, namely: - The extended Kalman filter, - The sliding mode observer, - The adaptive observer. On the other hand, a hybrid diagnostic model for the diagnosis of the state of charge and the state of health of the Lithium-ion batteries is proposed considering the variation of the surface temperature. The proposed strategy is based on the performance of the extended Kalman filter to estimate the state of charge, while the adaptive estimation technique is used to a robust estimation of the state of health
Montaru, Maxime. "Contribution à l'évaluation du vieillissement des batteries de puissance utilisées dans les véhicules hybrides selon leurs usages." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426932.
Full textBadey, Quentin. "Étude des mécanismes et modélisation du vieillissement des batteries lithium-ion dans le cadre d'un usage automobile." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693344.
Full textBadey, Quentin. "Étude des mécanismes et modélisation du vieillissement des batteries lithium-ion dans le cadre d’un usage automobile." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112052/document.
Full textThis scientific piece of work aims at modeling the aging of lithium-ion batteries, depending on the vehicle stress (electric or hybrid type). More specifically, this study intends to optimise the design of battery packs for vehicle and power management strategies. A original mechanical fatigue approach has been selected as potentially able to model complex and varied demands. This approach was developed for a specific graphite / NCA lithium-ion battery. It appears that a simple damage accumulation is not entirely relevant, and that two contributions to aging are ongoing: one based on charge throughput and the other based on time. Multiple aging tests were performed and have shown the important influence of temperature, current power and state of charge for each contribution. They led to the establishment of equations linking each of these parameters to battery degradation rate. Thanks to these equations, a computer model for aging prevision has been built, able to take into account both cycling and calendar ageing. The model gives, for slightly to moderately complex solicitations, a very small predicting error. Postmortem analyses were also performed on the batteries to understand the mechanisms involved. Several analytical techniques (physicochemical and electrochemical, impedance spectroscopy) make possible to connect the main mechanisms of ageing to the contributions: an alteration of the crystalline structure of the positive electrode active material for the fatigue contribution, passivation of the negative electrode active material for the time contribution. These analyses provide a more complete view of aging and justify the hypothesis made during the implementation of the model. These electrochemical results allow us to consider a generalisation to other lithium-ion battery technologies. Indeed, an attempt to generalise the model to another commercial battery has made possible to check the reliability and to detect limits of this approach
Pilipili, Matadi Bramy. "Etude des mécanismes de vieillissement des batteries Li-ion en cyclage à basse température et en stockage à haute température : compréhension des origines et modélisation du vieillissement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI118/document.
Full textIn order to deepen the understanding of the aging mechanisms of Li-ion batteries, post-mortem investigations were performed on C/NMC Li-ion commercial cells. These autopsies revealed unexpected degradations that question current knowledge about the aging mechanisms of these cells. Thus, it appears that the parasitic reaction of Li metal depositions on the graphite electrode, nowadays associated in the literature with charging at low temperature and / or high C-rates, would have various origins depending on the chemistry and conditions of use of the battery. In this thesis work, local Li deposits were observed on cells aged in calendar at high temperatures, due to the apparition of dry areas. Paradoxically, under low temperature cycling conditions, this Li resulted from anode porosity hindrance. Besides, a semi-empirical aging model, taking into account cycling losses as well as those caused by the SEI growth and the biphenyl polymerization, is proposed. Finally, a method of identifying degradation modes using incremental capacity measurements has been undertaken, based on the potential shifts of each of the electrodes
Bodenes, Lucille. "Etude du vieillissement de batteries lithium-ion fonctionnant à haute température par Spectroscopie Photoélectronique à rayonnement X (XPS)." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3050/document.
Full textNowadays, lithium-ion batteries occupy a prominent place in the field of energy storage. Phenomena involved in their aging mechanisms are quite well known for operating temperatures close to room temperature. However, their use at high temperatures for applications such as oil drilling, "in situ" sterilization or freight tracking requires some technical issues to be improved: stability of the electrolyte and electrode binders, compatibility electrolyte / separator, aging of active materials and changes of the interfaces. The batteries selected for this thesis consist of a Li(Ni,Mn,Co)O2 lamellar material at the positive electrode and graphite at the negative electrode. To describe aging phenomena related to high temperature, surface analyzes were carried out by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy on the electrodes of batteries cycled at 85 and 120°C. These analyzes reveal the degradation of the positive electrode’s binder, and the changes of electrodes/electrolyte’s interfaces at high temperature compared to ambient temperature
Eddahech, Akram. "Modélisation du vieillissement et détermination de l’état de santé de batteries lithium-ion pour application véhicule électrique et hybride." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14992/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on the reliability of lithium batteries used for automotive applications. For this purpose, electric and thermal characterization methodologies as well as aging tests under several modes (calendar, power cycling, calendar/power cycling) are carried out.In a first part of the work, battery modeling and battery state estimation (state-of-charge and state-of-health) are considered.Then, based on periodic characterization from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, calendar aging is investigated. Next, we proposed an original process for precise battery state-of-health determination that exploits a full recharge and mainly constant-voltage charge step which allows easily its integration within a battery management system. Our experimental results, up to two years real-life data, confirm effectiveness of our technique.Finally, we study the capacity recovery phenomenon occurring due to combined battery aging (calendar/power cycling). This final part is almost dedicated to introduce strategies for battery use presenting at the same time a thermal behavior study
EDDAHECH, Akram. "Modélisation du vieillissement et détermination de l'état de santé de batteries lithium-ion pour application véhicule électrique et hybride." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957678.
Full textPlattard, Tiphaine. "Modélisation du vieillissement d'une batterie Lithium-ion : couplage d'un modèle de fatigue avec un modèle comportemental." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS323.
Full textReliable development of LIBs requires accurate aging studies. The objective of the thesis is to clarify on a new cell chemistry (NMC) the impact of the parameters on aging, namely the temperature, the rated current intensity and the state of charge, and to implement it in a predictive and updatable model.A test campaign makes it possible to quantify the unit impact of the aging parameters on the loss of capacity of each battery cell. We integrate the results into a fatigue model. The latter modulates the impact of an exchanged ampere-hour by the exchange conditions of this ampere-hour by means of weighting functions. This model is then implemented in a software, equipped with its man/machine interface. It allows the user to become familiar with aging and to make prediction calculations of loss of battery capacity.This model can drift with time due to repeated solicitation, so its parameters need to be updated by on-field measurements, to remain accurate. These on-field measurements are submitted to the so-called Incremental Capacity Analysis method (ICA), consisting in the analysis of dQ/dV as a function of V. We have shown that the evolution of the peaks observable on the ICA can be correlated with the kinetics of the first fatigue model. This measurement makes it possible to couple with the fatigue model. Finally, application tests validate the method developed
Toussaint, Gwenaëlle. "Amélioration du comportement électrochimique des batteries plomb-acide à usage photovoltai͏̈que." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10162.
Full textIn an isolated photovoltaic system, the accumulator is the weak point of the device. His charge capacity is closely related to the conduction properties of the grid/PAM interface, interface which evolves according to the state of charge. The positives grids, made with a PbCaSn alloy, play the role of both collector of current and support of the positive active mass. At ambient temperature, these alloys are prone to metallurgical transformation, which is followed by a drop of the mechanical properties and by a reduction of the corrosion resistance whatever the charge conditions are. The use of a heat treatment makes it possible to durably maintain alloy in the state in which the best behaviors are observed. The addition of tin in the alloy, associated to the heat treatment, allows to improve the properties of material more. Moreover the tin, like silver and rare earth, plays an essential role in the formation and the growth of the lead oxides, but on the properties of adherence of the corrosion layer during the tests of cycling too
Abada, Sara. "Compréhension et modélisation de l'emballement thermique de batteries Li-ion neuves et vieillies." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066684/document.
Full textLi-ion secondary batteries are currently the preferred solution to store energy since a decade for stationary applications or electrical traction. However, because of their safety issues, Li-ion batteries are still considered as a critical part. Thermal runaway has been identified as a major concern with Li-ion battery safety. In this context, IFPEN, INERIS and LISE launched a collaboration to promote a PhD thesis so called « understanding and modeling of thermal runaway events pertaining to new and aged Li-ion batteries ». To achieve this goal, a double approach with modeling and experimental investigation is used. A 3D thermal runaway model is developed at cell level, coupling thermal and chemical phenomena, and taking into account the growth of the SEI layer as main ageing mechanism on negative electrode. Advanced knowledge of cells thermal behavior in over-heated conditions is obtained particularly for commercial LFP / C cylindrical cells: A123s (2,3Ah), LifeBatt (15Ah), and NMC / C pouch cells: PurePower (30 Ah). The model was calibrated for LFP / C cells, and then it was validated with thermal abuse tests on A123s and LifeBatt cells. This model is helpful to study the influence of cell geometry, external conditions, and even ageing on the thermal runaway initiation and propagation. This study opens up new possibilities for improving the prediction of various events taking place during Li-ion batteries thermal runaway, at various scales for further practical applications for safety management of LIBs
Wakem, Fankem Walter. "Outils diagnostiques pour l’étude du LiFePO[indice inférieur 4] dans les batteries au lithium." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10501.
Full textDevie, Arnaud. "Caractérisation de l’usage des batteries Lithium-ion dans les véhicules électriques et hybrides : application à l’étude du vieillissement et de la fiabilité." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10231.
Full textLithium-ion batteries are being used as energy storage systems in recent electric and hybrid electric vehicles coming to market. Current cycle-life estimation techniques show evidence of discrepancy between laboratory results and real-world results. This work is aimed at characterizing actual battery usage in electrified transportation applications. Factors such as temperature, State Of Charge, Depth Of Discharge, current and voltage have to be carefully considered for accurate cycle-life prediction within a given application. Five electrified vehicles have been studied (two electric bicycles, one light EV, one mainstream HEV and one Heavy-Duty trolleybus). These vehicles have been equipped with sensors and data-logger and then test-driven on open roads under real-world conditions. Large amounts of data have been stored and later processed through an innovative method for analysis of actual usage. This method relies on data mining based on K-means clustering and synthetic duty cycle generation based on Markov chain modeling. Resulting synthetic cycles exhibit features similar to those observed on the large original datasets. This enables accurate prediction of cycle-life through realistic ageing trials of Lithium-ion batteries. Several experimental results are presented in order to assess the fitness of this method
Devie, Arnaud. "Caractérisation de l'usage des batteries Lithium-ion dans les véhicules électriques et hybrides. Application à l'étude du vieillissement et de la fiabilité." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783338.
Full textPrada, Eric. "Modélisation du vieillissement et optimisation de la durée de vie des batteries Li-ion de technologie LiFePO4-graphite suivant l'usage du véhicule." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066592.
Full textSecondary batteries are the electrochemical systems that store electricity onboard of electrified vehicles. Understanding battery aging mechanisms impact on power/energy performances is of significant importance to design safe, cost-efficient and durable energy storage systems. This research and development approach relies on numerical models. In this PhD work, a simplified electrochemical and thermal battery model including aging mechanisms is developed for a commercial LiFePO4-graphite (LFP/C) Li-ion cell. Theoretical power and capacity fade correlations are developed and experimentally validated. Comparisons between model predictions and experimental data on various operating conditions point out the limits of the approach adopted in this work under high-load cycling tests. The model is nevertheless able to provide qualitative and quantitative information about the battery lifetime under various operating conditions until the End-Of-Life. Parametric studies on the negative electrode design parameters are performed to discuss the dispersion in the EOL state occurrence. Finally, simulations are performed to investigate the battery lifetime under calendar and fast charging operations. According to the vehicle usage, an optimum of the battery lifetime is numerically demonstrated
Ben, Hassine Mohamed. "Contribution de la microscopie électronique à la compréhension des mécanismes de vieillissement des matériaux de batteries lithium-ion associées aux énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0006.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is part of the ANR project VISION (fine Study of the Aging mechanisms Battery Li-ION associated with renewable energy). An arsenal of electron microscopy techniques allowing to do observations from the micrometer scale (SEM) to the atomic scale (HRTEM, HR-HAADF) coupled with spectroscopic techniques (X microanalysis and electron energy loss) has been implemented to identify the aging processes occurring in long cycled Li-ion batteries. The so-studied Li-ion batteries are using Li[Ni1-x-yMnxCoy]O2 (NMC) and graphitic carbon as positive and negative electrode materials, respectively. These studies allowed us, not only, to visualize and obtain a better understanding in the degradation modes in SAFT stationary batteries but also to perform innovative microscopy techniques (such HR-HAADF or FIB tomography) in order to reveal the texture and the structure of the active materials. In the same way, a fundamental study on model materials (Li2Ru1-ySnyO3…), having structural and electrochemical properties similar materials used in commercial batteries, has been achieved. Through this study, superstructures were observed, by TEM, during the cycling and the role of oxygen in redox processes, which are behind the high capacity delivered by the lithium-rich composites (such as: Li2MnO3-LiMO2, M = Ni, Co…), has been discussed
Baghdadi, Issam. "Prise en compte des modes de vieillissement dans la modélisation des performances de batteries lithium-ion pour l’évaluation de leur durée de vie en usage automobile." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0633/document.
Full textLithium batteries are key solutions as power storage systems for several applications including portable devices, aviation, space, and electrified vehicles. Their success is principally due to their high power and energy density. Therefore, several researchers are attempting to develop more powerful, cheaper, longer-lived and more secure batteries. One drawback of lithium batteries is their durability: lithium batteries’ energy and power capability decrease over time. The degradation rate is sensitive to operating conditions. A crucial step towards the large-scale introduction of electrified vehicles in the market is to reduce the cost of their energy storage devices.The aim of this study is to develop a simulation tool at the pack level able to reproduce its electro-thermal-aging behavior overtime. Thanks to an accelerated aging tests and experimental approach the models are calibrated and coupled with a usage scenario simulator at the vehicle level. The behavior of the pack is thus studied under different conditions and simulations were compared and discussed. Strategies of usage and charging were then proposed and validated by simulation
BLYR, ALEXANDRA. "Le systeme limn 2o 4/carbone dans les batteries a ions lithium : son optimisation a haute temperature au travers de l'etude des mecanismes de vieillissement." Amiens, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AMIE0106.
Full textBarré, Anthony. "Analyse statistique de données issues de batteries en usage réel sur des véhicules électriques, pour la compréhension, l’estimation et la gestion des phénomènes de vieillissement." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT064/document.
Full textDue to different reason The electrical vehicle market is undergoing important developments. However the limits associated with performance represent major drawbacks to increase the sales even more. The batteries performance and lifetime are the main focus of EV users. Batteries are subject to performance loss due to complex phenomena implying interactions between the different life conditions of the battery. In order to improve the understanding and estimation of battery aging, the studies were based on datasets from real use ev batteries. More precisely, this study consists in the adaptation and application of statistical approaches on the available data in order to highlight the interactions between variables, as well as the creation of methods for the estimation of battery performance. The obtained results allowed to illustrate the interests of a statistical approach. For example the demonstration of informations contained in the signals coming from the battery which are useful for the estimation of its state of health
Sadoun, Redha. "Intérêt d’une Source d’Energie Electrique Hybride pour véhicule électrique urbain – dimensionnement et tests de cyclage." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0009/document.
Full textCurrently, the main embedded storage system supplying the electric vehicles is composed of Li-ion batteries. This thesis is one of the common themes of work that ESTACA leads in collaboration with L2EP. The objective of this work is to study the interest of a hybrid source composed of Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors to supply an urban electric.Firstly, an energy management strategy based on deterministic rules is developed to control the power between the battery and supercapacitor. To demonstrate the combination utility, different Li-ion battery technologies (Li-ion high power, high-Li-ion energy) are used on the sizing step. Through this study, we could propose an optimal solution (masses, volumes, costs...) consisting of battery and supercapacitor. In the second part, we have followed the evolution of capacity and the internal resistance losses of high power and high energy batteries type in, respectively, single-source and hybrid configurations. For this study, a test bench, developed for cycling and characterization of storage systems, was used. The results obtained provide the opportunity to choose Li-ion battery technology that could be the most interesting for the supply of electric vehicles
Coron, Eddy. "Diagnostic d'état de santé des batteries au lithium utilisées dans les véhicules électriques et destinées à des applications en seconde vie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI017.
Full textRecent improvements in the properties of lithium-ion batteries, including their cyclability and specific capacity, have enabled the electrification of the vehicle fleet to begin. With few years, this development generates a large stock of used batteries. Along with their recycling, their reuse in a second life is of economic interest and can participate in the integration of intermittent energies into the electrical network. In this thesis work, the influence of the first life on the viability of the second life of Li-ion batteries is studied. Distinct degradation mechanisms are deliberately generated, by imposing different aging protocols on two types of 18650 cells. At the end of this first artificial life, various non-destructive diagnostic tools (impedance spectroscopy, resistance measurements, differential voltage analysis) are subjected to electrochemical characterisations of the electrodes in order to evaluate their accuracy. Some of these cells are then subjected to a second life, a reduced rate cycling protocol in the case of this study. Regardless of the first life, we observe that the generation of lithium plating affects the batteries during their second life. However, depending on the degradation caused in the first life, the kinetics of the appearance of plating are modified. The measurement of the internal resistance of batteries appears to be a first tool, easy-to-implement, for the prognosis of their second life. Depending on the type of cell used and the second life application chosen, the charging rate and the maximum voltage limit must be in line with the internal resistance measurement of the used cells. The importance of the state of health of cells, that is to say their residual capacity, also appears important and tools for rapid estimation of this are proposed, from capacity measurements on fractions of the cell voltage curve. Finally, after the issue of second life longevity, that of the safety of these batteries is assessed, revealing the deleterious impact of lithium plating and pointing out the need for effective thermal management
Mathieu, Romain. "Modélisation de l'influence de la rapidité de recharge totale ou partielle sur les performances électro-thermiques et la durée de vie des batteries pour applications automobiles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0026.
Full textFast charging of batteries is a major challenge for the development of electric vehicles. A deployment of high power chargers is underway. These high power levels motivate research on batteries, with the aim of significantly reducing their charging times.For a battery cell of given characteristics, the charging power is limited by electrical, thermal and lifetime considerations. This thesis then wishes to make a contribution to the reduction of the charging time, by taking a numerical approach including modeling, simulation and optimization. It also compares 4 cell references of different materials and different energy densities.First, models of the electrical, thermal and aging behavior of a cell are developed separately, then coupled. In a systematic way, the models are presented, their calibration procedures are described, and they are compared with experimental data. Particular attention is paid to the effect of high current regimes under different thermal conditions. This made it possible to extend their respective domains of validity.Then, an accelerated aging campaign is carried out on 3 cell references. It compares the effect of the charging current, the end-of-charge voltage and different thermal conditions on the degradation, within the framework of a reference charging protocol. The results made it possible to identify several strategies for reducing the charging time, regarding the choice of a cell reference, thermal management, and the optimization of the charging protocol.This last strategy is finally studied. A method of definition of a charge protocol, containing several stages of constant current, is developed based on numerical optimization. The method makes uses the electro-thermal model implemented. It is then used to define 5 optimized charging protocols which are subjected to accelerated aging tests. The degradation is compared to that observed for the reference charging protocol. Under comparable conditions with the reference protocol, the optimized protocols make it possible to reduce the charging time and/or the degradation
Fleury, Benoît. "Comportement des supercondensateurs en environnement sévère et conception optimale d’alimentations hybrides embarquées aérospatiales." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0004/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop an hybrid power supply using the complementarities between batteries and supercapacitors in order to improve the mass of electrical storage systems on aircrafts and spacecrafts.The study is divided into three parts: In the first part, a decision-making tool to develop a hybrid power supply given a mission profile is presented. Thanks to this tool, an estimation of the optimal mass of the hybrid power supply is done based only on the specific energy and the specific power of the sources.The second part is firstly composed of a synthesis of bibliography results on the internal behavior of supercapacitors; secondly an experimental test campaign is described. Its aim is characterizing, modeling and identifying the multiphysics behavior and ageing of supercapacitors on several commercial references. Those models are required for the fine sizing optimization of the hybrid power supply. Basing on the internal model of the sources, the aim of the third part of this study is to present the development of an hybrid architecture battery/supercapacitors which fulfills the electrical need for a specific application. This hybrid power supply takes dynamically advantage of the electrical sources at the maximum of their possibilities, but without overstressing them at the same time. Thanks to that, the aging rate of the sources and the failure rate of the system are limited
Mawonou, Kodjo. "Développement d’algorithmes adaptatifs embarqués et débarqués du système de gestion batterie pour l’estimation des états de la batterie en usage automobile." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC028.
Full textEnvironmental issues are increasingly concerning to public opinion and authorities. Accordingly, Automobile manufacturers have to propose more environmental friendly vehicles. This thesis project goes to the general scope of battery-driven vehicles. The energy of the electric and hybrid vehicles is stored in batteries pack made of numerous electrochemical cells. Lithium-ion cells are the most commonly used, and are one another connected in series and parallel. These batteries packs, require an enhanced surveillance assured by a dedicated controller called Battery ManagementSystem (BMS).The first part of the work deals with computational burden reductionin the BMS when several battery cells are utilized in battery packs. To improvethe precision of batteries state of charge (SoC) estimation, we have studied and implemented a fractional order model (FOM) based state estimator for Li-ionbatteries.The second part of the study is dedicated to Li-ion batteries health management. First, new state of health (SoH) indicators were designed. Furthermore, a datadriven SoH predictor was designed using EVs data collected over time. The model training was conducted based on extracted user’s behaviors. Finally, a tool is provided for ageing factors ranking
Dillenseger, Guillaume. "Caractérisation de nouveaux modes de maintien en charge pour batteries stationnaires de secours." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008901.
Full textNous avons mené différentes études sur les batteries de démarrage, les moins chères du marché : cinétiques d'autodécharge des électrodes, influence des surtensions sur les états de charge et la corrosion, aptitude à la recharge.
Il en résulte des considérations sur les notions mêmes de fem d'un accumulateur au plomb, de charge complète, et un modèle de perte de capacité des matériaux actifs dans le temps. Une nouvelle technique de maintien en charge est proposée, réduisant au moins d'un facteur deux les quantités d'électricité fournies. Cette technique associe de longues périodes sous faibles courants de maintien, inférieurs d'un ordre de grandeur aux courants de floating habituels, et des phases courtes à régime plus élevé. Elle vise à réduire les coûts de service en conjuguant : batteries bon marché, peu ou pas d'entretien et durée de vie élevée.
Al, jed Habib. "Influence de la recharge rapide sur les performances des accumulateurs lithium des véhicules électriques dans le cadre de l'utilisation postale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0290/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the influence of fast charging on the aging of lithium batteries, and its impact on the performances of electric vehicles as part of a postal use. The first part is devoted to the modeling of lithium batteries with an equivalent electric circuit model, whose parameters could be identified using linear characterization tests. The second part is dedicated to the study of aging, and results in an aging estimator using data collected from accelerated aging tests programs. Then the postal usage is studied, and a power profile representative of the actual load on the battery is provided. The latter was used to validate the model of the battery in the field of postal use. Then the postal use is studied, and a current profile representative of the real behavior of the battery is provided. This profile was used to validate the model of the battery in the postal use domain. Then a model of electric vehicles is presented, it integrates the battery model, which can simulates the aging state of the battery using the ageing estimator. Finally, the various possible strategies of recharge are listed and compared, which leads to conclusions about their influences on aging of batteries, and the vehicles performance
Karoui, Fathia. "Optimisation de stratégies de gestion des batteries au plomb utilisées dans les systèmes photovoltaïques." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723068.
Full textSteyer, Philippe. "Influence des éléments d'alliage sur les propriétés mécaniques, la résistance à la corrosion et la passivation de grilles positives des batteries au plomb destinées au véhicule électrique (Ca, Sn, Ag et dans une moindre mesure, In et Ge)." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0146_STEYER.pdf.
Full textSchlasza, Christian. "Analysis of aging mechanisms in Li-ion cells used for traction batteries of electric vehicles and development of appropriate diagnostic concepts for the quick evaluation of the battery condition." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0155.
Full textIn this thesis, the aging mechanisms withing Li-ion cells are analyzed on a theoretical level, supported by an FMEA(Failure ode and Effects Analysis). The focus lies on the group of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells used fortraction batteries in electric vehicles. Scope of the experimental part of the thesis is the development of a diagnosticconcept for the quick battery state determination. A group of high capacity LFP cells (70Ah) designed for tractionpurposes in electric vehicles is aged artificially and investigated afterwards by impedance measurements in the timeand frequency domain. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is found to reveal interesting information onthe battery's State-of-Health (SOH).For the interpretation of the measurement results, battery models are employed. Different equivalent circuit models(ECMs) are compared and an appropriate model is chosen, which is used for the SOC (State-of-Charge)determination and extended for the SOH (State-of-Health) determination. An SOH determination concept isdeveloped, which allows the approximation of the cell capacity in less than 30s, if the battery and environmentalconditions, such as the temperature and the cell's SOC, are known
Sadoun, Redha. "Intérêt d'une Source d'Energie Electrique Hybride pour véhicule électrique urbain - dimensionnement et tests de cyclage." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980484.
Full textKuntz, Pierre. "Evolution du comportement sécuritaire de batterie lithium-ion pendant leur vieillissement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI069.
Full textLithium-ion battery technology is more and more widespread due to its high energy density and good cycleability. Today electric vehicles runs with Lithium-ion technologies. Despite Lithium-ion technology has numerous advantages, it has been proved that lithium-ion battery are the cause of many accidental car fires. Thereby battery safety is a key issue to continue to develop more performant and enduring vehicle, but also to ensure the user’s safety. Depending on the condition of use, different aging mechanisms inside the cell could be activated and induce physical and chemical modifications of the internal components. Therefore, aging of a cell has a strong influence on its safety behavior. Three references of commercial 18650-type lithium-ion cells are investigated using BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle) representative aging at various temperatures (-20°C, 0°C, 25°C, 45°C) according to the international standard IEC 62-660. Ante-mortem and post-mortem analyses (half coin cell at the electrode level, SEM, EDX, GD-OES, XRD, GCMS, DSC, FTIR…) are performed on internal components in order to identify clearly, which aging mechanism occurs in accordance to the cell characteristics and the aging conditions. Then safety test are performed (ARC, short-circuit and overcharge) to evaluate the safety behavior of each cell. By comparing safety behavior of fresh cell vs. aged cells, it will be possible to understand the impact of each aging mechanism on cell safety behavior
Zhang, Yuanci. "Performance and ageing quantification of electrochemical energy storage elements for aeronautical usage." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0029/document.
Full textIn the context of progress in the electrochemical energy storage systems in the transport field, especially in the aeronautics, the issues of performance, reliability, safety and robustness of these elements are essential for users. This thesis is focused on these issues for the more electric aircraft. The technologies studied correspond to the latest generation commercial elements of Lithium-ion batteries (NMC/ graphite + SiO, NCA/graphite, LFP/graphite, NMC/LTO), Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S), Supercapacitor and Lithium-ion capacitors. The first part of this manuscript is dedicated to the performance quantification of the different electrochemical energy storage elements in aeronautical environment [-20°C, 55°C] and usage. An efficient and accurate electro-thermal model is developed and validated. The second part is devoted to the calendar and power cycling ageings as well as to the presentation of abuse testing results. A State Of Health (SOH) estimation based on incremental capacity analysis method is proposed. Finally, the robustness of the storage elements during accelerated ageing tests with a specific profile for the aeronautical usage is evaluated. The ageing models and SOH estimation methods proposed in the previous sections are used here to evaluate the impact of temperature on the degradation rate and to estimate the SOH of the cells with this aeronautical profile
Mesbahi, Tedjani. "Influence des stratégies de gestion d’une source hybride de véhicule électrique sur son dimensionnement et sa durée de vie par intégration d’un modèle multi-physique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0004/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the improvement of hybrid embedded source performances supplies an electric vehicle. The studied solution is composed of Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors hybridization, with an aim to achieve improved performances in terms of weight and lifetime over traditional solutions. Our main goal is to take the best advantage of new energy management strategies of the hybrid embedded source and quantify obtained improvements. A multi-physic model including electric, thermal and aging behaviors is developed and integrated into the algorithm of energy management in order to evaluate the gradual degradation of storage components performances during driving cycles and implemented control strategy. New energy management strategies intended to act on the lifetime of hybrid embedded source have been evaluated. Their impact on the performances of the source in terms of weight, cost and lifetime has been quantified and clearly shows that it is possible to make better use of hybrid embedded source thanks to a good power sharing, thus opening the way to new approaches of energy management for these systems
Ozawa, Yasunori. "Etude du vieillissement des matériaux d'électrode positive pour la batterie lithium ion." Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0148.
Full textThe thermal aging kinetics of two positive electrode materials for lithium ion batteries; hexagonal LiCoO2 and cubic (spinel) LiMn2O4 was carried out in the 60ºC-75ºC temperature range by electrochemical measurements and crystal structure investigations. Two different mechanisms are at the origin of reversible and irreversible capacity losses: 1) lithium re-intercalation due the electrolyte instability for the reversible part and, 2) phase transformations due to the electrode material instability for the irreversible one. Empirical kinetics laws allowed the corresponding activation energy to be determined. A comparison with a new material with hexagonal structure LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 showed enhanced performances due to a higher structural stability
Ouedraogo, Sarah. "Développement de Stratégies Optimisées de Gestion de l’Energie Intermittente dans un Micro Réseau Photovoltaïque avec Stockage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CORT0008.
Full textMicrogrids are considered as the future of energy production and distribution in electrical grid. Many of them incorporate photovoltaic generation and storage, mostly in the form of batteries, to power various loads. The main objective of this thesis is to propose energy management strategies designed to optimize the operating costs of a photovoltaic microgrid with battery while respecting specific constraints. This microgrid powers residential buildings and electric vehicles.To achieve this, five energy management strategies based on rules, with increasing complexity, were developed. These strategies were compared to an optimization using linear programming in terms of energy and economic performance. The results indicate that the most optimal strategy achieved a performance level close to the linear programming, which is considered "optimal." However, some limitations were observed for the initial strategies, including power cuts, which are not acceptable. To improve these strategies, the seasonal effect, particularly in photovoltaic production, was taken into account, eliminating power cuts. Depending on the chosen strategy, the batteries are more or less stressed, so it was necessary to consider the varying battery aging and its impact on performance. Suitable battery aging models were thus implemented. The results showed that the profitability of batteries depends on their installation cost and they remain economically viable for costs below approximately 175 €/kWh. The most effective rule-based control strategy considers variations in electricity costs, photovoltaic production forecasting, seasonal variation in PV production, and battery degradation in its decision-making process. This strategy improves financial gain by approximately 68 % compared to the simplest rule-based strategy, which is similar to a self-consumption strategy.An analysis of the influence of different parameters, such as electricity purchase tariffs, battery capacity, power exchanged with the main grid and consumption profiles was conducted through simulations. It was found that the electricity pricing model has a significant effect on energy distribution and financial gain. The influence of battery size, limitation of power exchange with the main grid, and consumption profile strongly depends on the strategy used, as well as the electricity pricing model.This work highlights the importance of integrating the characteristics of photovoltaic energy into energy management strategies through the use of various tools such as photovoltaic production forecasting. This information is valuable for investment and operational decision-making
Bellache, Kosseila. "Caractérisation Multi-physique des éléments de stockage électrochimique et électrostatique dédiés aux systèmes Multi sources : Approche systémique pour la gestion dynamique d'énergie électrique." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH21.
Full textThis thesis work is a continuation of the research activities of the GREAH laboratory on the issues of the management of electrical energy and improving the energy quality of production systems for renewable energy. Indeed, the coupling of several different nature sources entails the problems of dimension, quality of energy and the lifetime of the interconnected elements. The scientific approach is based on the characterization of the evolution of the resistances and capacitances of the batteries/supercapacitors cells according to the electrical and thermal constraints, followed by the modeling of accelerated cells aging. In this thesis, we propose improvements to the dynamic response of an electric propulsion fluvial boat by using the hybrid system of lithium-batteries and supercapacitors. We also propose an electrothermal approach for the multi-physical characterization and modeling of the batteries and supercapacitors aging, using combined constraints of the temperature and frequency of the DC current ripples. The experimental data has been collected to establish models of batteries and supercapacitors dedicated to multi-source systems including renewable energy sources (wind and tidal turbines). The results of the developed models shown high accuracy compared with experimental results. These models illustrated a good description of the aging phenomenon of batteries/ supercapacitors due to charging/discharging operations with a fluctuating continuous current combined with a variable temperature
Vichard, Loic. "Contribution à l’étude du vieillissement des composants batterie et pile à combustible en usage réel." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA018.
Full textThese thesis works are associated to the AsDeCoEUR project. This project is part of the current context of the development of new energy technologies for mobility and focuses more specifically on the study of battery and fuel cell components located in the heart of electric power train. The project is based on the work already carried out by the UTBM and IFSTTAR actors of the FCLAB research federation among the Mobypost project. Mobypost european project has allowed the experimentation of a fleet of 10 fuel cell electric vehicles under actual operating conditions on two postal platforms in the Franche-Comté region.During the Mobypost experiment, a deep monorting was performed on all the vehicles so numerous physical data of their power train were recorded. All of these information now constitutes a very rich database to exploit. Among the AsDeCoEUR project, we propose a scientific approach carried out around a thesis work wich aims at understanding dynamic behavior, studying aging and estimating the state of health of batteries and fuel cells in real use. This approach is based on the analysis of the data recorded on these components among the Mobypost project and is reinforced by specific experiments set up in the laboratory. The implementation of skills and digital analysis tools developed especially for batteries by the Ampère laboratory and IFSTTAR aims at understanding and reproducing the degradation phenomena. The works should finally allow, by combining the skills of UFC, UTBM, IFSTTAR and Ampère laboratory researchers, to contribute to the study of batteries and fuel cells aging and to estimate their state of health under actual operating conditions. This constitutes a remarkable advance in this field, particularly with a view to the industrialization of vehicles equipped with this type of component
Houbbadi, Adnane. "Optimisation multicritère de la gestion de la recharge d'une flotte de bus électriques." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1014.
Full textElectro-mobility is increasing significantly in the urban public transport and continues to face important challenges. Electric bus fleets require high performance and extended longevity of lithium-ion battery in highly variable temperature and operating conditions. On the other hand, bus operators are more and more concerned in reducing operation and maintenance cost, which is sensitive to battery aging cost and represents a significant economic parameter for the deployment of electric bus fleets. This thesis presents a methodological approach for optimizing the overnight charging of an electric bus fleet to the depot. This approach is based on both charging scheduling and power modulation in order to minimize a given criterion or several criteria at the same time (e.g. the charging cost, the effective power, battery aging ...). This approach uses an exact optimization methods or Metaheuristics methods according to the type of optimization (mono-objective or multi- objective) and according to the criterion while taking into account the constraints related to bus operating conditions, charging infrastructure and the power grid. This approach has been developed to take into account several battery’s technologies as well as different types of recharging. An electro-thermal and aging model of lithium-ion batteries was developed based on existing models, literature as well as experimental tests. This allowed us to take into account the dynamics of the battery and predict the evolution of its performance when it is subject to variable conditions of use. To illustrate this methodology, a case study was presented in the last chapter and allows a smart managing of large-scale fleet of electric buses that try to maximize in particular the battery lifetime
Gauthier, Nicolas. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des interfaces électrode/électrolyte dans les accumulateurs lithium-ion constitués d'une anode Li4Ti5O12, de leurs vieillissements et de leurs interactions : Analyse complémentaire par XPS, ToF-SIMS et AES." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3033.
Full textThe development of the Li-ion batteries and the adapted technological solutions for their improvement in terms of cyclability and safety will allow to generalize their use in electric vehicles in the future and to perpetuate their energy supply. The use of lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) as an alternative negative electrode to graphite (the most commonly used electrode in commercial systems) in Li-ion batteries can complete these requirements. Nevertheless, parasitic reactions occurring at the LTO electrode/electrolyte interface, during cells cycling, are responsible for a significant gas production and the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI), which highly impacts the batteries operation and performance. The SEI formed at the LTO electrodes, is of the order of a few nanometers thick. In fact, the work carried out involved the extreme surface sensitivity of three techniques suitable for the study of electrode/electrolyte interfaces and their interactions: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The results, presented in this manuscript, thus come from the physicochemical study of electrode/electrolyte interfaces in lithium-ion cells consisting of a Li4Ti5O12 anode, their aging and their interactions. The positive electrodes used in this work, composed of oxides such as LiFePO4, LiNi3/5Mn1/5Co1/5O2 and LiMn2O4, are those usually incorporated into commercial systems. Various parameters that have an influence on the electrochemical performances of the accumulator and on the properties of the SEI (thickness, chemical composition, dissolution) and in particular that formed at the LTO electrode/electrolyte interface have therefore been studied. In particular, the nature of the positive electrode has been modified, the cycling temperature, the operating regimes and the high (4.6 V) and low (0.0 V) potential cut-off voltages have been varied as well as the composition of the electrolyte (on the one hand the lithium salt and on the other hand the solvent) and the composition of the LTO electrode