Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vie sexuelle – France – 18e siècle'
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Philip, Marion. "La sexualité légitime comme privilège. Masculinités parisiennes à l’époque moderne (1600-1750)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL065.
Full textThe Catholic Reformation in the 17th century is well known for its promotion of the sacrament of marriage. The State also conducted a policy of regulating sexuality and marriage, thereby protecting and asserting paternal authority over the matrimonial destiny of its dependents. This austerity sharply contrasts with the “sexual liberation” of the 18th century, which mainly benefited men. Sexuality would then gradually escape the moral constraints and legitimacy of marriage. These developments shaped men's relationship with sexuality between 1600-1750. This study establishes a clearer chronology for this shift. It mainly relies on Parisian’s Church Court’s archives, which documented the sexuality of Parisians from various social backgrounds: from clerics and lay people, to single and married men. These archives are looked at in correlation to a set of medical, moral and legal texts, pornographic writings, songs, proverbs and iconography. Three lines of inquiry are considered. Firstly, whilst marriage was an attractive ideal in the 17th century, because it gave people access to a legitimate sexuality which did not affect the chances of salvation, we argue that the patriarchal figures (such as father, master and captain) gradually increased their control of it. Secondly, by scrutinising the fragility of conjugal masculinities, we demonstrate how domestic power is indexed to the exercise of exemplary sexual conduct. Finally, the study delves deep into lay and ecclesiastical single men’s relation to illegitimate sexuality, and what it reveals about their relationship to women, but also to other men
Gonzalez-Quijano, Lola. "Filles publiques et femmes galantes : des sexualités légitimes et illégitimes à l'intérieur des espaces sociaux et géographiques parisiens (1851-1914)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0163.
Full textBased on a important corpus of prostitutional literature, novels, memories, and police archives, this thesis in history questions tensions and draws links between legitimate and illegitimates sexualities. During the second half of the 19th, the diversity of the practices and discourses about sexuality shows the plurality of prostitution's representations in the social imagination. Along a deep process of transformation of the Parisian society, this diversity also sheds light on the oppositions and confrontations between various social groups wich were trying to establish their conception of prostitution, sexuality, marriage and conjugality. The first part tackles the various paths of the prostitutes and the "femmes galantes", the "demi-monde", the student's sexuality and the rise of abolitionism. It demonstrates that the contestation of arranged marriages and the process of love marriages had transformes illegitimate sexualities before influencing marital and familial strategies. A phenomenon wich explains the multiplication of the "femmes entretenues" (kept women) and "parallel couples". The second part focusses on the evolution of the prostitutional activities with the emergence of Modern Paris. Thus, brothel's decline and prostitution's metamorphosis appear to be less linked to an evolution of the male sexual desire than to the rise of leisure and entertainment spaces to the extroversion of the Bourgeois lifestyle, as a consequence of the changes in the public space
Fleury, Aude. "Les parlementaires bordelais de 1750 à 1793 : vie publique, vie privée." Bordeaux 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR40041.
Full textIn the first part, to improve our knowledge of the members of this parliament and the world they lived in, we have studied their cultural, economic and family background, as well as their office and their work. Judging from the documents we have been able to study, the members chose this particular office not because of the financial advantages they might obtain from it, but mainly for the prestige that came along with it. Indeed not anybody could accede to this station, and informal barriers as well as inviaible bridges were set up to maintain a certain level of cooptation, all the more so as the office thus acquired and fulfilled allowed the member to get acceed to nobility. The parliament is therefore socially quite homogeneous, all the more as it is strongly endogamous. It emerges that this group had a strengthh and coherence that must have helped it in its ambitions. That is why the second part consists of an appraisal of the relations between the compagnie and the various agents of power -both local and national-, to figure out their actual authority, and an analysis of the compagnie's specific functions. It appears that from the point of view of the royal administration, the parliament should have had no more than the rank of a departmental court accompanied with limited powers to make regional regulations and an optional counselling function. Yet, this is not what its members expected their functions to be. This explains why they developped "democratic" theories which undermined the french monarchic organisation but at the same time eroded the parliament's own legitimacy. Neither the members of the parliament nor their citizens seem to have been aware of this process which resulted in an escalation of affairs, each leading to more and more contestation and ending in the demand for the meeting of the states general. To conclude, it makes no doubt that the failure of the members and of the parliament of bordeaux is due to their opposition to the forces that were to gradually influence and dominate the course of french history. This institution was both too old and too sclerosed to get over the hurdle of 1789, which is also a revolution in intellectual thought. From that point, society came back to an elitism based upon individual merit. The buying of offices, and therefore wealth and family ties were no longer relevant in this new system. At that point
Paré, Magalie. "L’intendant d’Auvergne et la vie locale au XVIIIème siècle." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF10268.
Full textDinet, Dominique. "Réguliers et vie régionale dans les diocèses d'Auxerre, Langres et Dijon (fin 16e siècle - fin 18e siècle)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010629.
Full textConsiderable place of monks and muns (all the orders and congregations) in three dioceses of burgundy and champagne during the modern age (between 1598 and 1790) revealed by complex and multiple relations (legal, economical, social, cultural, religious. . . ) with the people and local authorities
Gallinato, Bernard. "Les corporations à Bordeaux à la fin de l'ancien régime : vie et mort d'un mode d'organisation du travail." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D013.
Full textThe french revolution made a clean sweep of the centuries old institutions of the old france. One of them : the guilds or corporations is considered here in the last decades of the old regime in one of the most important ports of the epoch : bordeaux. How dynamic were the guilds at a time when commercial capitalism was making bordeaux's fortune? what was their actual place at the heart of the working world? after having presented the guilds by describing their regulations which show the permanent institutional characteristics of the corporations, the author studies the other types of work in this great trading city; he takes an interest in the behaviour of man at work and analyses the economic choices of the urban authorities. In doing this he sets out to prove that the guilds only slightly encompassed the economic activity and that they projected the image of the dying old regime
Depoutot, René. "La vie musicale en Lorraine (Metz, Nancy et Toul, 1770-1810) : de l'originalité provinciale à l'uniformité française." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Depoutot.Rene.LMZ9713_1.pdf.
Full textThis research studies music in three cities of unequal importance but geographically close, and covers a period of forty years including the french revolution. All sectors of activity have been observed (the second volume is made up of written proofs), during three successive political stages: the "ancien regime", the revolution and the post-revolutionary period. The first part describes the institutions - choirs, "concert", comedies, band of the "garde nationale", "conservatoire"- and then analyses their structures, the musical personnel as well as their works: some lists concerning metz and nancy can be found in the third volume. The second part deals with the most varied daily aspects of musical life : commerce, songs, dance, teaching, instrument making, festivals concerts and artists. The third part is devoted to the composers themselves and the works they wrote during their sojourn. The elaboration of biographies on sound bases gives permanent points of reference and enriches the catalogue of works assembled in the fourth volume, entitled anthology of music and catalogue. The revolution had a destructive effect: choirs disappeared, an entire instrumental heritage was ruined, established fortune were shattered, the future became uncertain, all of which hindered a natural evolution. However, this comment does not conflict with the observation of continuity and links with the past in any change or innovation. Musical life in toul did not outlive the suppression of the cathedral choir, in nancy, it waned after two successive political shocks - stanislas's death and the revolution - whereas metz, thanks to its active bourgeoisie, absorbed for a while the "spectacle" of nancy and created dynamic philarmonic societies. However, in 1810, the three cities were no longer centres of musical creation
Lilti, Antoine. "Le monde des salons : la sociabilité mondaine à Paris dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010570.
Full textPlénet, Michel. "Catholiques et protestants en Vivarais aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : modes de vie, modes de croire." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/plenet_m.
Full textThe aim of this work is to compare two communities living in Vivarais, the Catholics and the Protestants, through their ways of life and their ways of believing. The frame of the study is Vivarais defined as a civilian diocese of the Ancien Regime. However three sites are particularly taken into account : Annonay, Villeneuve-de-Berg and Privas. The period studied includes the 17th and 18th century, more precisely from 1629, the year of the Peace treaty of Alès, to the edict of 1787. The comparison has enabled us to show that the two denominations have many things in common in both ways of believing and ways of life. Several ways of coexistence have been highlighted through the three sites studied : either with a watertight or an open denominational boundary
Clavilier, Catherine. "Physiocratie, sciences de la nature et expression artistique de la ruralité en France dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010543.
Full textSeichepine, François. "Livres et cloîtres : les bibliothèques religieuses de Bourgogne au XVIIIe siècle." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOL034.
Full textThat study shows the connection between monasteries and their libraries in Burgundy in the Eighteenth century. At first, we check the purchases, the preserving of books and estimate librarians’s aptitudes. Then, we are interested in valuables and understand the consequences of Revolution’s confiscations. The second part is primarily a statistical one. The book’s collections are listed according to their vocations and receptions of Mabillon’s project to reform studies. A lot of lists hand back their sizes and tittles. A third part shows the relations between religious libraries and French Enlightenment’s century. Legacies accross history and religion are expounded. A special part describes the impact of jansenistic controversy. Then we learn the ecclesiastics’s efforts of modernization and openmindedness for erudites, consumers, scientific news and philosophical writings. Finally, we check the balanced results of libraries’s state and take notice of their holders’s skills assessment
Crepin, Elisabeth. ""la vie paroissiale dans le royans aux 17e et 18e siecles pour une contribution a l'etude des sensibilites religieuses. "." Grenoble 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE29024.
Full textThis thesis is the study of parochial history of the "royans" throughout two centuries. Benefitting from lessons drawn from religious sociology and serial analysis, i describe the history of the ecclesiastical action as well as that of the "chretien quelconque" taking into account the evolution of the faithful's attachment to religion between the 17th and the 18th centuries. The material and moral destruction which could be witnessed up to 1670-1680, which i depict, gave way to an era of reconstruction. Moreover the religious authorities made it a point to recapture the minds of the faithful aiming at imposing unanimity, conversion and adhesion. The aforementioned programme of action seemed to come to fulfilment between 1730 and 1750; the faithful seemed ripe enough. Nevertheless the analysis of their behaviour at the approach of thesacred, enables us to evaluate beyond an apparent conformism the lukewarmness which precedes hostility and anticlericalism, obvious about 1760. The setting of a pre-industrial production undoubtedly contributed to this evolution of the society while the religious fervour remains even after the revolution. We notice the internalization of religion and of religious feelings reveals a change in people's frame of minds. A study of people's religious consciousness in the 19th century should show that the effects of the catholic reform are postponed while religious militantism and political commitment come into conflict
Yang, Yan-Bin. "Les récits de voyages et le développement des sciences de la vie en France au XVIIIe siècle : l'exemple des "nègres blancs"." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0098.
Full textDuring the XVIIIth century the existence of so-called "white negroes" roused the curiosity of scientists. Most of their sources came from travelogues in which the strange phenomenon of "white" children born of black parents was first mentioned. Scientists tried to formulate their own theories about the causes of albinoism, based on these accounts which were very difficult to prove. One such theory held that albinos were a white race living in the centre of Africa. Another saw albinoism as an illness. Other theories claimed it was a side-effect of leprosy or even resulting from a flaw in the sperm of some black-people. In spite of these conflicting opinions, which appear ridiculous today, the scientists of the enlightenment began the study of the phenomenon of heredity
Koufinkana, Marcel. "Esclaves et esclavage dans la France d'Ancien régime (1600-1794) : nombre, provenance, conditions et statuts, représentations dans la société, vie quotidienne." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20064.
Full textFrom the remost days, the domination of man by man represents one the fundamental characteristics of the history of humankind. Slavery is part it. Nantes was the capital of the French slave trade which then spred on the whole atlantic coast, specially in La Rochelle, Bordeaux, Saint-Malo, Le Havre, Lorient etc. . . To talk about slaves and slavery in France during the ancien regime period car be surprising and even really amazing. Unlike what we usually believe, west indies and americas were not the only destinations or settling places of black slaves at that time. They come over and stayed in metropolitan France during the French colonial slavery period. Our study will deal with the reactions of French people towards blacks and it will also make out the attitudes and stereotypes that are deeply hidden in french institutions and culture. Besides, we will study the social, political and juridical consequences resulting from the presence of blacks (free and slaves) in France from the XVII century until the collapse the ancien regime
Audisio-Poulin, Ghislaine. "Les négociants à Grasse dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle : "des parcours de vie" : thèse." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE2006.
Full textBianchi, Serge. "Vie, pratiques et sociabilité politiques en milieu rural dans le sud de l'Ile-de-France : Essonne et Val-de-Marne : de 1787 à 1800." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010649.
Full textThe political life of 240 villages and market towns in the Île-de-France region is studied in three autonomous and complementary parts. The first part deals with "power systems in the village" within the context of the composition of the first contemporary town telas regard to their daily life as well as their relationship with the authorities in charge of the supervision of their activities, and this, from the edict of june 1787 to the cantonal municipalities of the directoire. The concepts of "municipal mobility", autonomy and "administrative centralization trends" are successively defined. The second part analyzes all the elections which were held during the revolution decade, within the frame work of participation and abstention, the influence of towns on villages, and what was at stake during each election type : local, cantonal primary assemblies, district primary assemblies, ratifications of the constitutions of 1793, years III and VIII. The third part deals with the transition from traditionnal life in the village society to the new forms of life in the republican society. The political acculturation of the Île-de-France countryside is related on the basis of its ways (school, army, law) and basic structuring factors (subsistence and religion). This study leads on to a typology of the villages involved in the revolutionary process, from the "republicans" to the "resistants", by means of a cross referential network of thematic maps and actual features of politic life and pratice
Darras, Véronique. "La littérature pour violon au concert spirituel de 1725 à 1790 : étude et restitutions." Lyon 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO20076.
Full textThe violin literature at the concert spirituel of Paris was remarkable for its large variety : from 1725 to 1790 violonists of different nationalities came to present to the parisian public works as duets, sonatas and concertos for violin, an instrument which was present, in solo, in nearly all concerts of concerts spirituel. This one was therefore the witness of the evolution of the violin repertoire during the eighteenth century, evolution which is distinguished by the forsaking of sonata and baroque style on belhalf of concerto and classic, even preromantic style, for exemple in Jean-Baptiste Viotti's works
Geneste, Olivier. "Vie artistique et Réforme catholique en Périgord : mobilier et décors des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles dans les églises de Dordogne." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30005.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is to study the artistic life in the dioceses of Périgueux and Sarlat during the Ancien Regime, through the production of church furniture, in the context of the Catholic Reformation. It is therefore possible to understand the specific role of every social group in the restoration of the sanctuaries and in the different processes to order pieces of art. The documentation coming from the local archives provides us a lot of information about many artists and craftsmen who worked in the construction of altarpieces and tabernacles during this period, raising questions about the modes of production, structure and functioning of the workshops, but also the professional status of the provincial masters at a time when the concepts of art and craft are taking different ways. On the other hand, the study of the relations with major urban centers around, such as Bordeaux or Toulouse, and the mobility of artists working in Périgord, help us to determine the place of this province in the “artistic geography” of France. The analysis of forms and styles, and their evolution throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, based on a catalog of works preserved in the churches of Dordogne, highlights the influence of engraved models on the local productions. This asks the question of the own ability of creation of these artists and how, on the basis of images and forms used as models, each of them develops its own manner, with a surprising talent for interpretation. Finally, the comparison between productions visible in Périgord and the regions of the south-west and the centre of France, such as Limousin, Auvergne and Quercy, leads to the identification of common characteristics, both in the initiation and development of a “baroque art”, certainly local but whose authors have not ignored the great European art
Steinhauer, Alfred. "Le "parti" physiocratique et la formation de l'opinion publique dans la France pré-révolutionnaire (1756-1776)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA01A003.
Full textThis thesis is based on a hypothesis concerning the structural elements of the "ideological" crisis of the ancien regime in france (1750-1790). The physiocratic group, made up of theorists whose main concern was renovating and strengthening the judicial and economic order of the monarchy 30 years before the revolution, is examined as a possible source of influence. The analysis lies on two interconnected levels : 1) a detailed presentation of the topics and the evolution of the physiocratical discourse, 2) a look at the historical context of the two decades between its rise and fall. On the first level, we explore the scope of influences that link the intellectual commitment of the physiocrats to the enlightenment, in philosophical terms. The contextual analysis, on the other hand, defines the link between the theoretical stances of the physiocrats and the historical situations, clarifying the structural dimension of physiocratic ideology. From the latter we deduce the existence of an ideological "party", a social group influenced by their liberal and authoritarian discourse. The analysis focuses on the, often polemical, relations between the physiocrats and the philosophers before, during and after the grain war, a major popular upheaval. We thus present the evolution of a political program, its failures in 1770 and 1776 and evidence of this effort in pre-revolutionary literature
Duhamel, Jean-Marie. "Musique et sociabilité en France, de la Régence à la fin du règne de Louis XV : recherches sur l'histoire culturelle au siècle des lumières." Lille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL30015.
Full textIn the 18th century, music had a fundamental position in france. Present in all ancient regime society, especially in the heart of urban life, it was a driving element in social life, and in the evolution of thought. In the spirit of academies whose contemporaties and heirs they were, opera and concert societies, gradually opening to the public, start to revolutionize the whole of cultural life in the kingdom. As artistic places and social haunts, they quickly grew into genwine withesses or mirrors for an elite in search of its own identity. But, benind the polish of elegance and affected attitudes in social life, we discovered bitter quarrels and violent squables. From mid-century, music not only became a gamble, but also reveales the tensions and struggles that shook and disturbed the whole of society
Pige, Frédéric. "Les seigneuries du Montargois au XVIIIe siècle : vie économique et rapports sociaux : les enseignements de la pratique notariale." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2046.
Full textAn investigation into the 18th century fiefdoms and estates of Montargois reveals their particularly diverse historical situation. Widely ranging rights and obligations are found, due to the varied customs of two separate jurisdictions: Lorris-Montargis and Orleans. These rights are ensured by the presence of two realities: a feudal tradition asserting the influence of the lord, and a financial dimension which makes land an instrument of production and wealth. A separate right to justice holds an important place as well. The variety of lords contributes to the diversity of fiefs and estates, as anyone may become the owner of an estate. Thus, the nobles’ goods market is chiefly driven by laic elites, seeking honours and/or pursuing real-estate investments. In contrast to what other sources have suggested, old nobility is not divested from its land, but it slowly dies out, leaving a vacant space to newly initiated members striving for integration. Lordly dwellings are brought in line with current tastes and fortified castles lose their defensive attributes when they do not altogether give up their place to mansions combining comfort and prestige. The exploitation of fiefs and estates experiences numerous changes too, which must be qualified. The general increase in income results to a large extent from the constant rise in the procurement prices for cereals during the entire 18th century, as technical innovations remain scarce. The diagnostic is different concerning feudal and seigniorial rights. In the second half of the 18th century, dedicated personnel pursue their former rights and dues. Their purpose is to reassert the eminent role of the lords, to insure the conservation of all their rights and to increase the lords’ as well as their tenants’ income. It is a difficult task to present a financial and human balance of these operations. However, it can be observed that these elements contributed to the lords’ tendency to dissociate themselves from village life
Champonnois, Cécile. "Regards croisés sur la vie lyrique en France et en Angleterre : analyse critique de témoignages français et anglais entre 1699 et 1776." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR2010.
Full textCross-cultural views on the lyric dramas in France and England: critical analysis of French and English accounts between 1699 and 1776. Accounts given by Frenchmen, after their travel in England, and by Englishmen, after their Grand Tour, gave information about practices of lyric dramas in France and England in eighteenth century. This thesis is based on the study of political, economic and social contexts surrounding the time of genesis of these texts. Each author is presented through his circle of friends and his artistic and cultural acquaintances. They knew very well their contemporaries’ works which they quoted or mentioned in their own works. Being subject to prejudices of their time, these writers gave precious information about lyric practices and testified of cultural differences between both countries. I have studied receptions of lyric practices in the Royal Academy of Music, in the Opéra-comique and in the Concert Spirituel at Paris, in the King’s Theatre, in minor theatres and pleasure gardens at London
Denys, Catherine. "Sûreté publique et sécurité personnelle dans les villes de la frontière entre les Pays-Bas et la France au XVIIIe siècle." Artois, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ARTO0001.
Full textThe aim of the study is to examine the conditions of security of people and policies of public safety of five towns on both sides of the french-belgian border in the 18th century. The first part deals with the organisation of the urban police. The power of the aldermen in the region allowed them to keep practically all their responsabilities intact over the police, thanks to the failure of the "lieutenants generaux de police" and the far-off control of the "intendant". The "sergents de ville", under the orders of the "lieutenants-prevots", make up the grassroot police forces, which were improved by major reforms in the middle of the century. Furthermore, the army set up an efficient police force which led the aldermen to collaborate daily with the local military commanders. This caused a decline in the police of the city dwellers, the watches et the guards. The second part looks at the measures that tended to improve the policies of urban security. The issue of security appears in various domaines : street policing, checks on foreigners, prevention and help in case of fire, etc. The major feature of the 18th century is based on three new factors : public lighting, rescuing of drowned people and theatre police. Thanks to these concerted efforts, the urban landscape becomes less dangerous by the end of the century. The third part attempts to establish the link between security and urban space, first, on the level of the house, the neighbourhood and the town, then by looking at the different solutions of police zoning, starting from forms of social self-regulation to the military grids set up by patrols and guardrooms. Finally, the conclusion stresses the importance of the military model in the development of the french police as opposed to other european models
Goujard, Philippe. "La vie religieuse dans les paroisses rurales de Haute-Normandie (1680-1789)." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010568.
Full textIn this thesis I try to describe and explain how the counter reformation contributed to modify the social structure of rural high Normandy, between the 1680 and 1789. After having studied the material and moral conditions of the clerks - which were good - I show that the church tried to control the attitudes of the population by being satisfied with a summary religious observance this policy got a lot of consequences. First form of a diversified devotion appeared : the majority of population only went to mass and received the sacrements. Above all the church allowed to rural notables to take possession of authority in the parishes. This prevented the majority of population to control the parochial life. So church enforced social structure. This produced some difficulties. Particularly the notables looked for depriving priests of their temporal power. One of the main effects of catholic reform was to accelerate a process of separation between spiritual and temporal affairs and of laicisation of the attitudes
Decoudun-Gallimard, Frédérique. "La vie féminine dans la peinture française au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100015.
Full textThe dissertation entitled "women's life through the french painting of eighteenth century" develops three essential parts : the pratical life, the private life and the professional life, and leans on contemporaneous pictural works in order to justify its assertions. It treats in its first part of women's diverse society activities, deals with the salon phenomenon, describes through the example of madame de pompadour the place of the theatre and the fine arts in women's universe (painting, pieces of china), and deals then with the theme of pleasures (games, love). In its second part, the private life of these women is related, the relations between the latter with their children during different periods of existence (feeling, raising, marrying) are evocated and the major social which rests of them is brought to the fore. Moreover it evocates the purely selfish activities to which these women give themselves over (wash, moments of oblivion, minor activities), and insists on the importance of the intimate pleasure. Finally, the third and last part is devoted to the theme of labor, where a very clear distinction is made between degrading tasks with which the majority of the female population is concerned (servants, workers) and rewarding and fulfilling occupations that have the artists, the craftswomen or the teachers. It deals lastly with the oldest profession in the world : the prostitution. To conclude, it notices the extreme diversity of women's life at that time, and insists on the very ambivalent position that they hold in the society
Provost, Audrey. "Les usages du luxe : formes et enjeux des publications sur le luxe en France dans la seconde moitié du dix-huitième siècle (vers 1760-1789)." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040216.
Full textBetween 1760 and 1789, luxury became a topic of written publication. Many authors strategically chose to publish on luxury and attempted to define its nature and meaning. This intensive investment proved ambitious writers with a way to advance through the Republic of Letters. At stake in the debate over the meanings of "luxury" was not only the linguistic competence and literary talent of the authors concerned, but also their authority to establish common values, an authority which competed with the power of the monarchy to fix the terms of political discourse
Samsel, Agnieszka. "Les réseaux culturels de la reine Marie Leszczyńska à la cour de Versailles. La vie musicale de la reine." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS009S.
Full textThe dissertation entitled ‘Manifestations of Marie Leszczyńska’s cultural activity at the court of Versailles. The Queen’s musical life’ consists of six chapters and an epilogue. The first part concerns the genealogy of the Leszczyński house and the cultural traditions of the family passed down from generation to generation from the 16th to the 18th century. The second chapter is devoted to the youth and education of Marie Leszczyńska and the marriage of young Polish noblewoman to the king of France and of Navarre – Louis XV. The third chapter presents the organization and functioning of queen Marie’s court – Maison de la Reine. It also includes an attempt to compare its personnel to that of Marie Leszczyńska’s predecessor, Maria-Theresa of Spain, the wife of king Louis XIV. Another part of the dissertation deals with the cultural aspects of court entertainments in which Leszczyńska took part as the queen of France. It enumerates and describes the court balls, theatre, extraordinary feasts connected with, e. G. Weddings of the royal children or parties organized by the queen in her apartments. The fifth part presents Marie Leszczyńska’s passion for music, the role and position of music at the court of Versailles, the rhythm and repertoire of the concerts organized by the queen. The last chapter of the dissertation is devoted to the musical education of Marie Leszczyńska’s and Louis XV’s children, for whom music was a real life passion. The thesis ends with an epilogue, describing the circumstances of the death of Marie Leszczyńska, queen of France and of Navarre, in 1768. The dissertation also contains an abundant appendix based on 18th century source materials
Rozprawa zatytułowana Przejawy kulturalnej działalności Marii Leszczyńskiej na dworze w Wersalu. Życie muzyczne królowej składa się z sześciu rozdziałów i epilogu. W pierwszej części przedstawiona została genealogia rodu Leszczyńskich i tradycje kulturalne tejże rodziny przekazywane z pokolenia na pokolenie od XVI do XVIII wieku. Kolejny rozdział poświęcony jest młodości i edukacji Marii Leszczyńskiej, oraz zaślubinom szlachcianki polskiej z królem Francji i Nawary – Ludwikiem XV. W rozdziale trzecim przedstawiono organizacje i funkcjonowanie dworu królowej Marii – Maison de la Reine, a także podjęto próbę porównania jego personelu do poprzedniczki Leszczyńskiej Marii Teresy hiszpańskiej, żony Ludwika XIV. Kolejny fragment rozprawy opisuje aspekty kulturalnych rozrywek dworskich, w których Leszczyńska uczestniczyła jako królowa Francji. Wymienione zostały i opisane dworskie bale, teatr, święta nadzwyczajne związane np. Z zaślubinami królewskich dzieci, czy też organizowane przez królową salony tzw. Apartamenty. W piątej części przedstawiono zamiłowanie Marii Leszczyńskiej do muzyki. Rola i miejsce muzyki na dworze w Wersalu, rytm i repertuar organizowanych przez królową koncertów. Ostatni rozdział rozprawy poświęcony został edukacji muzycznej dzieci Marii Leszczyńskiej i Ludwika XV, dla których muzyka była prawdziwą życiową pasją. Praca kończy się epilogiem, przedstawiającym okoliczności śmierci Marii Leszczyńskiej, królowej Francji i Nawary w 1768 roku. Do rozprawy dołączony został bogaty aneks bazujący na XVIII-to wiecznych materiałach źródłowych
Lefeuvre, Olivier. "Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg (1740-1771) : vie et oeuvre." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040153.
Full textPhilippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg, born in 1740, died in London in 1812 was a multi-facetted artist with numerous passions. Above all a landscape painter, he was also a history painter, stage designer, inventor of a show that was a precursor of the Dioramas, but also a man who was passionate about the occult who abandoned painting for a time in order to become a healer. Trained in France by an Italian artist, Francesco Giuseppe Casanova, he began his career in Paris before settling permanently in London and all his life had a considerable reputation which disappeared quickly after his death. Despite several attempts at a rehabilitation, Loutherbourg is today forgotten. The reconstitution of his painted output and the establishment of an accurate biography has allowed the author to asses more fairly his place in the history of painting in the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries. In considering his contemporaries’ attitude to his work, in particular his favourite genre, landscape painting and his approach to the art market of his time, the author has attempted to understand better this individual who in his time was considered to be essential
Vernet, Thomas. ""Que leurs plaisirs ne finissent jamais" : spectacles de cour, divertissements et mécénat musical du Grand Siècle aux Lumières : l'exemple des princes de Bourbon-Conti." Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE4036.
Full textSince the early twentieth century, the interest of the French aristocracy in the musical life has ceased to hold the attention of music historians. But the historiography on the subject based mainly on research around a personality or clamped between chronological boundaries close. Our project was different because it was to be a comprehensive look at more than two centuries of family history of the princes of Conti, and question their taste and artistic practices. We have tried to highlight, from literary sources, musical and pictorial material that provided this broad summary, the continued interest of these princes malcontents for visual art but also for dance, theater and music, the arts, which were likely to meet the requirement imposed by their magnificence row to establish their legitimacy, but also to satisfy their passion and curiosity. Inspired by the monarchical model, the patronage of Conti participated in the movement for emancipation of progressive elites from Versailles to Paris and helps to qualify the traditionally assumed dichotomy between these two poles of creation. Beyond the family environment is thus the evolution of musical patronage of the aristocracy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries it has been allowed to approach. Let us hope that this study will arise and disappear artistic heritage family can contribute to a better definition of "climate sensitivity" and would better understand the place occupied by music and the arts in the elite culture in the modern era
Charles, Olivier. "Les nobles dignités, chanoines et chapitres de Bretagne : chanoines et chapitres cathédraux de Bretagne au siècle des Lumières." Rennes 2, 2002. http://books.openedition.org/pur/17414.
Full text@At the heart of a well-documented secular Breton clergy, the 752 Canons of the nine Breton cathedrals of the Age of the Enlightenment, remain very much in the shadows. For, situated between the bishops and rectors, they led independent careers, as more than half of them occupied only on benefice : that of Canon. For the most part Breton, priests, university graduates and descended from the upper classes, they formed relatively homogenous chapters. Being clerics modelled by the rigours of Tridentine law, they carried out their duties in a serious manner. The Canons, who belonged to the poorer chapters of the kingdom, contributed towards the modernization of the Breton towns of the 18th century. Indeed, even if the revenues incurred by their holdings only guaranteed them a modest income, they gradually adopted the habits of the elite town-dwellers as far as housing, comfort and consumption were concerned. Their intellectual culture in itself bears by no means oblivious to changes taking place in the world in which they lived
Prudhomme, Marie-Claire. "Entre Saint-Saens et Cailly : territoires, relations et pouvoirs dans les campagnes normandes : XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUEL531.
Full textThis study on rural micro-history concerns a small territory in Haute-Normandie (from Saint-Saëns to Cailly), without morphological unity. It is in fact divided into two different parts belonging to two great rural countries in Haute-Normandie : the Pays de Caux and the Pays de Bray. The organization of the community will be studied, showing the coherence and divisions in the XVII-XVIIIth centuries. Our reflexion will focus on the type of economic development not only based on agricultural resources but on various complementary activities created by these small communities. They are integrated into a complex system of relationship including several levels. Finally, the outlines of the social structure will be highlighted
Berti, Michela. "La vie musicale à l’Ambassade de France près le Saint-Siège (1724-1791)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040233.
Full textDuring the 18th century, the French embassy to the Holy See was one of the most important production centres of music, soirée, masquerade and festivity. All this was to celebrate Monarchy's and “Roi Très-Chrétien”'s glory and greatness.The aim of this study is to examine the role of music in French Institutions in Rome during this period. In particular, this study provides large documentation to investigate the events in which the music was performed, the purpose of the use of music during these events and to characterize places, conditions and times of the musical performanceThe main contribution of this study is the analysis of the new music commissioned in honour of the french royal family by the French ambassadors in the Holy See.More complex is the analysis of the events in which music was traditionally “linked” to the french festivities: this is the case of the feasts organized for the 25th August in honor of St. Louis or the 13th December in honour of St. Lucia. In these two occasions festivity was traditionally commissioned by the ambassadors who also sustain the financial costs of the entire celebration.During the period between 1724 and 1791, the ambassadors of France in Rome made use of the musical art to promote themselves and gain appreciation for their principal duty: to represent their king with luxury and extraordinary generosity in order to acquire the consideration appreciation of the entire roman Court
Blumenfeld, Carole. "Marguerite Gérard et la peinture de genre de la fin des années 1770 aux années 1820." Lille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL30056.
Full textKriegel, Blandine. "La constitution de l'histoire savante aux XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO30000.
Full textVentrone, Giuseppe. "Tolérance et pluralité à l'âge des Lumières : Paris et Naples (1720-1785)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0034.
Full textThe enlightenment project of "enlightening" of society through Reason is bound up with the idea of the possibility to act on people's mentality, i. E. Exerting influence over classes, categories or social groups in order to determine a profound and persistent "conversion" of their representation of their own condition and, accordingly, of their behavioural pattern. This research, far from tackling the question of the actual political influence of the Philosophers, is devoted to a detection and description, drawing on the texts, of the presence in their ideas of different paradigms of minor influence like : plurality, utility, consistence, belonging. The research aims at showing the way in wich this paradigms can crystallise themselves in the idea of tolerance. The same phenomenological methodology will be used to test the spread of these paradigms in the neapolitan enlightenment
Zanconato, Alessandro. "La dispute du fatalisme entre 1730-1760 en France." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100079.
Full textThis thesis reconstructs historically the "debate on fatalism" which originated with the publication of the "Essay on man" by Alexander Pope in France between the years 1730 and 1760. Translated for the first time in France in 1736, Pope's poem caused a long "querelle" as to the presumed fatalism of which his optimistic theodicy was accused within the ambience of French apologetics. The orthodoxy of "tout est bien" was soon the object of attacks aiming to put in the spotlight its incompatiblity with Christian doctrine : according to the apologists involved in the debate. , Pope was rehabiliting human nature, denying the dogma of original sin ; was celebrating self love and concupiscence and was inviting the belief in freely enjoying earthly pleasures
Bonnet, Jean-Claude. "Le culte des grands hommes : essai sur le panthéon littéraire et républicain." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040220.
Full textThe creation of the Pantheon in 1791 can be interpreted as the natural outcome of the celebration of great men, a literary and social practice which gathered momentum throughout the eighteenth century the formerly lesser genre of the academic eulogy, a truly lay kind of discourse, had by then superseded the funeral oration. A previous watershed was the year 1758, when the Academie proposed the eulogy of great men as the topic of its oratorical contest. This grave rises to a commemorative experience of the civic past which involved all the arts and developed its own visual representations. Eminent men of letters (Diderot, Rousseau, Voltaire) became the focus of public scrutiny, and the fact that they were both read and observed as individuals triggered radical changes in the public image of the writer. By the tue of the Pantheon, attention to great men was deflected from their learned psyche in favor of monumental fetish-like icons, with spectacular effects in the case of Marat. The Pantheon turned out to be a fragile and paradoxical institution, however, for in no way was the revolutionary time-experience attuned to the distant perspectives of the collective memory. And yet the cult of great men did not vanish with the Thermidor reaction, as the rehabilitation of men of letters and the Girondins testifies. Then Mme de Staël and Chateaubriand made this practice their own and even turned it against Napoleon in person
Blomac, Nicole de. "Le cheval, moyen et mode vie : l'œuvre du marquis de Voyer, militaire, philosophe et entrepreneur, (1722-1782)." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0007.
Full textMaurange, Xavier. "L' épiscopat bordelais à l'époque de Louis XV : la poursuite de la Réforme catholique à l'épreuve des Lumières (1719-1781)." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30069.
Full textAfter a first period of catholic Reformation in Bordeaux epitomized through a vivid spiritual breath and great archbishops, catholic Reformation was challenged by Bordeaux commercial development and by the uprising of philosophers' ideas. At that time, four great archbishops (Argenson, Maniban, Lussan, Rohan) proved to be respectful to their episcopal duties. Moreover, they shew how much they werre in charge of continuing catholic Reformation. Through years, they acquired a sharp knowledge of these new challenges - rising incredulity, growth of Protestantism, wealth and decay in the city. They kept up with a strong action all through the eighteenth century and particularly during the period from 1730 to 1769
Marasescu-Galleron, Ioana. "La frivolité dans la littérature de la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040201.
Full textDubois, Sylvie. "Métiers et société : artistes et artisans d'art à Dijon durant le second XVIIIe siècle." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL013.
Full textDijon in the late eighteenth century was hoisted to the rank of real artistic provincial capital through an embellishment of its space, accompanied by new connoisseurs. This world revolves around two main figures: the customer and the artists and craftsmen gathered in corporations. This study examines the functioning of corporation’s arts and crafts reserving a large spot in the trail of individuals within the traditional framework. This world is evoked in turn by its regulatory, educational, economic, commercial and social aspects, evoking a provincial city that shines in the heart of the "Age of Enlightenment. "
Artigas-Menant, Geneviève. "Les papiers de Thomas Pichon : recherches sur les manuscrits philosophiques clandestins au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040107.
Full textCordier, Samuel. "Tendances et particularismes des collections provinciales au XVIIIe siècle : l'exemple du nîmois Jean-François Séguier." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0059.
Full textHow do people build collections in the French province during the 18th century ? The study of Jean-François Séguier’s (1703-1784) biography and masterpiece, allows us to measure the contribution of a provincial collector in the age of Enlightenment to France and to the scientific European world. At a time when collections are less and less an object of curiosity and become increasingly rationally organised, exchanges between Paris and the scientific networks contribute to mutual enrichment. Known as for his works upon antiquities, Séguier is also a naturalist whose masterpiece accurately reflects the changing envision of nature during the 18th century. The link between collections and the state-of-the-art reflects the intensity of exchanges and constant information transfers between European botanists. In touch with Linnaeus, with the botanists of the “ King’s Garden ” in Paris, and with those in Montpellier, Séguier is a modern researcher of the 18th century. Testimonies from contemporary visitors enable us to reconstruct the setting up of the different rooms of an historical House, which clearly contrasts with the Cabinets of curiosities and where the cosmopolitism of the Enlightenment took its roots. By opening his door and proposing an unique image of his knowledge, Séguier attracts numerous visitors and invents new modes of socializing. Our study underlines the strong impact of those exchanges
Dorlin, Elsa. "Au chevet de la Nation : sexe, race et médecine : XVIIe-XVIIe siècles." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040214.
Full textEarly modern medicine conceived female's temperament as cold and wet, imperfect and morbid. Women were ill all along their life, hysteria, nymphomania, pregnancies, labour, curse, prolapsus This gendered etiology has been the ambiguous subject of many treatises on Diseases of the women. This Corpus offers a valuable field of investigation to analyze the way in which the categories of healthy and unhealthy have been constituted as categories of power. This conception of the female body as a pathogenic body justified a natural inequality between the two sexes. Naturalists used the gender domination as a general pattern: Indians or slaves are perceived as having an effeminate and weak temperament. The temperament became a tool for naturalization and racialization of social relations. The concern with health and the fear of depopulation urged the physicians to define a concept of feminine health fit to promote the model of a healthy and vigorous woman, mother of the children of a strong Nation. The mother became the feminine type of health, opposed to the figures of a mutant or "degenerated" femininity, the hysteric, the sutler-woman, the "mannish woman", the prostitute or the african slave. The takeover of birth world allowed the authorities to discard midwives and nurses. In the colonies, this new management of reproduction was crucial for the plantocratic system: the wives transmit their vigorous temperament to theirs children along with their milk, despite of any climate influence. Their function was to guaranty the inthe integrity of national characters and the superiority of whites over blacks. They thus became a pattern and a weapon for the regeneration of the Nation
Ayad-Bergounioux, Soulef. "Bourgeoisie de Robe et esprit d'État : genèse sociale et historique de la domination symbolique institutionnalisée (1775-1815)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010616.
Full textSynowiecki, Jan. "Paris en vert. Jardins, nature et culture urbaines au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0123.
Full textThe public gardens of Paris from the eighteenth century provide study material through which various developments and the urban culture of the Enlightenment City can be understood. This study examines the apparent contradiction of creating natural spaces in the middle of a city, by studying their urban contexts, historic plant conservation practices, plant supplies, as well as the relationships between animal, people and plants. These various influences resulted in the creation of a special urban form of nature, full of negotiations, tensions and asymmetries. They are a field of study that is all the more interesting as the royal and princely authorities of the time were unable to impose their mark on these gardens without provoking resistance and protest. Against that background, a public garden policy was developed, which, for the first time, allowed the users and residents to fully participate in the creation of urban, green spaces. This study also aims to improve our understanding of the relationship between gardens and the cities that surround them, in a context where borders seem increasingly fluid, and to rethink urban culture, based on the nature of its green spaces
Deniel-Ternant, Myriam. "Écclésiastiques en débauche : la déviance sexuelle du clergé français au XVIIIe siècle, au crible des sources parisiennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100030.
Full textDuring the 18th century, thanks to the efforts of the post-tridentine catholic church, the Clergy seems to be better trained, more educated and have a more ethical conduct, as confirms the figure of the “Good Priest” in French literature. Various sources from the archives of the Bastille, parliament and ecclesiastical courts reveal that a substantial number of clergy members had a deviant behavior. Some Clerics transgress chastity rules and engage in casual or regular intercourse with servants, other men or prostitutes. They are subsequently closely kept under close surveillance by their parishioners, fellow priests, hierarchy or by the police. The corpus studied has permitted to highlight their sexual practices as well as the geography of the places of debauchery in the city. It also revealed the existence of several threshold effects and the ensuing scandals, court cases and repression, which were essential for society to be reconciled with its Clergy
Cuvelier, Laurent. "La ville captivée : affichage et économie de l’attention à Paris au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0034.
Full textParis in the XVIIIth century was characterized by important evolutions in consumerism and exchanges. In this context, commercial posters and personal ads started to compete with state public writings and libels on display in previous centuries. They were instrumental in creating a new form of urban attention, which was not only based on sounds and spoken langage, but also on visual and written signs. This attention economy caused a change in the printing trade, giving birth to professional bill-stickers or information entrepreneurs. It was also linked to typographic techniques and to street furniture designed to catch the Parisians’ attention and to occupy some city places. In that context, urban authorities took steps to control the walls to challenge the attention-seeking posters. In that respect, the XVIIIth century marks the origin of a long history of poster regulation in France. If today, bill-posting is linked to over-saturated urban landscapes and to alienating advertisements, when considered in the Parisian streets of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, they reveal how powerful posters were at the time. They were thought of as a device, a deceiving one indeed, but one structuring the urban experience, an educational device allowing to spread information about the rules and the law to as many people as possible, or a medium to get involved in the democratic public sphere which is gaining ground in 1789. This study will analyze the way citizens engage with the city and their use of the public sphere
Casta-Rosaz, Fabienne. "Le flirt : pratiques et représentations en France, de 1870 à 1968." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010725.
Full textLajaumont, Stéphane. "Un pas de deux : clercs et paroissiens en Limousin : vers 1660-1789." Limoges, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIMO2012.
Full textIn the Limousin, from 1660 to 1789, catholic Reform took off gently, in the devotional habits of the faithful. The demanding training, in the tradition of Saint Sulpice, of priests in the seminaries of Limoges (from 1660) and Tulle (from 1697) could easily have led to the rapid domination of the Church and a possible split with the population. This did not, however, happen. On the contrary, while puttting forward claims for the exceptional nature fo priesthood and maintaining a distance from the faithful, the Limousin clergy managed to pass on a renewed faith to a largely illiterate population, without causing the slightest religious breach. So it was that hope preached from the pulpit, in terms of possible salvation for all. In the same way, parish ground was only modified slightly, and mostly with the agreement of parishioners. The same was true of devotional practices during processions and in the life of brotherhoods. The Church favoured a community expression of belief, under the leadership of the clergy, without rejecting traditional practices, unless these were perceived as directyl harmful. The practices were simply given their proper place in the hierarchy of intercession to God. In the Limousin, from the second half of the 17th century until the Revolution, the church, then, made the choice of fitting its pastoral scheme into the framework of a society strongly influenced by collective references or commitments