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Nguyen, Geoffrey, Jamie Palmer, Emilie Ludeman, Moran R. Levin, Ramya Swamy, and Janet Alexander. "Evaluating the Efficacy of Microsurgical Training Methods in Ophthalmology Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Academic Ophthalmology 13, no. 02 (July 2021): e216-e227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740066.
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Abstract Objective The objective of our paper is to review all of the relevant literature in ophthalmology microsurgical education and identify which teaching methodologies were most effective. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted. Electronic databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and EMBASE, were searched with preset terms. The search was through December 11, 2019. Eligibility criteria included studies with sufficient data for analyzing associations between surgical teaching techniques and success rates in surgical skills and the organization of the intervention as a microsurgical skills course, curriculum, or program. The articles were independently reviewed by two authors. Each included study was evaluated for quality using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing bias. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data extraction was performed by two reviewers and disagreements were checked by a third reviewer. A random-effects analysis was used to pool the outcomes of studies. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes included time for completion of surgical task, level of preparedness, competency score, and number of surgeries with complications. Results A total of 439 studies were reviewed and 13 studies (n = 8,790 surgical cases; n = 115 trainees) were included in the meta-analysis. Excluded articles studied cataract simulation training as the primary intervention or were not related to ophthalmology. All pooled results demonstrated a positive association with surgical outcomes; however, video-based education (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 2.49 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36–4.63]; four effects [four studies]; n = 69; I 2 = 90%) and stepwise teaching method (odds ratio [OR = 3.84 [95% CI: 2.66–5.55]; six effects [six studies]; n = 6,968; I 2 = 39%) interventions were the most favorable. Conclusion and Relevance The following five interventions evaluated in this paper were found to be effective methods of improving performance outcomes in ophthalmic microsurgery: (1) didactic lectures, (2) video-based education, (3) surgical wet-laboratory, (4) stepwise method, and (5) direct supervision and feedback. Our meta-analysis concludes that video-based education and stepwise teaching interventions are the most effective methods for a microsurgical ophthalmology training curriculum. Combining the strengths of the interventions analyzed in this study should be considered when implementing and adjusting ophthalmic surgical skills curriculums.
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Cermak, G. W., S. Wolf, E. P. Tweedy, M. H. Pinson, and A. A. Webster. "Validating Objective Measures of MPEG Video Quality." SMPTE Journal 107, no. 4 (April 1998): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/j06401.
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Tiotsop, Lohic Fotio, Florence Agboma, Glenn Van Wallendael, Ahmed Aldahdooh, Sebastian Bosse, Lucjan Janowski, Marcus Barkowsky, and Enrico Masala. "On the Link Between Subjective Score Prediction and Disagreement of Video Quality Metrics." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 152923–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127395.
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Dumic, Emil, Sonja Grgic, and Mislav Grgic. "Comparison of HDTV formats using objective video quality measures." Multimedia Tools and Applications 49, no. 3 (January 29, 2010): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-009-0441-2.
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Charles, Pajarita, Jill Spielfogel, Deborah Gorman-Smith, Michael Schoeny, David Henry, and Patrick Tolan. "Disagreement in Parental Reports of Father Involvement." Journal of Family Issues 39, no. 2 (April 20, 2016): 328–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x16644639.
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Despite agreement on the value of father involvement in children’s lives, research has been limited due to the exclusion of fathers in studies, questionable validity of mothers’ reports on father involvement, and simple measures of fathering behavior. Our study extends previous research by comparing reports of father involvement using robust, multidimensional father involvement measures. Data from 113 fathers and 126 mothers reporting on 221 children were used to assess father involvement. Results indicate that fathers reported significantly higher levels of involvement than mothers reported. Findings from hierarchical linear models suggest that race/ethnicity and mothers’ reports of positive relationship quality were associated with smaller discrepancies in reports of father involvement, whereas nonmarried partnerships, older children, father residence, and biological status predicted larger discrepancies. Our study demonstrates the importance of obtaining father involvement reports directly from fathers and why father involvement should be assessed as a multidimensional construct to examine fathering behavior.
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Stanojevic, Danilo, Boban Bondzulic, Boban Pavlovic, and Vladimir Petrovic. "The impact of quality of service parameters to the subjective and objective video quality assessment." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 15, no. 1 (2018): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1801097s.
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This paper deals with the delay, delay variation - jitter, packet loss rate and bandwidth as quality of service parameters, in the form of four types of video quality degradations. The impact of defined levels of degradation on subjective impressions (given as mean opinion scores) is analyzed. ReTRiEVED video dataset with publicly available subjective scores is used in the analysis. Three full-reference measures are used for objective assessment of video quality. The degree of consistency of subjective and objective quality scores is shown through scatter plots and quantitative measures (linear correlation coefficient and correlation of the ranks). Based on the interpolation functions, quality of service parameters are mapped to subjective experience. We show that jitter is a much more destructive effect than other degradation types.
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Nasrollahi, K., and T. B. Moeslund. "Complete face logs for video sequences using face quality measures." IET Signal Processing 3, no. 4 (2009): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-spr.2008.0172.
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Abdel-Meguid, Ahmed M., Guy D. Fernando, Richard A. Schneible, and SangHyun Suh. "Differential Interpretations and Earnings Quality." Accounting Horizons 33, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-52435.
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SYNOPSIS We investigate the association between earnings quality and investor disagreement regarding the valuation consequences of earnings announcements. A primary purpose of financial reporting, including periodic earnings releases, is to convey useful information to investors. However, earnings may be of low quality due to an inherent failure in the accounting process to accurately represent the economic entity, unintentional errors, or intentional manipulation on the part of management. We argue that low-quality earnings will be associated with more divergent opinions regarding the implication of the earnings signal (i.e., differential interpretations) and, thus, be reflected in their trading activity. We use two abnormal accrual measures and an earnings persistence measure as proxies for earnings quality. We proxy for differential interpretations using abnormal trading volume unrelated to returns and analyst forecast jumbling. Our results show that low earnings quality is associated with more differential interpretations of earnings announcements measures.
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vom Lehn, Dirk, Helena Webb, Christian Heath, and Will Gibson. "Objective Measures and Subjective Reports." International Review of Qualitative Research 10, no. 2 (August 2017): 128–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2017.10.2.128.
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The paper discusses how visual research methods that draw on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis can help sociologists to reveal how optometrists’ assess the clarity of their clients’ distance vision. It argues that the detailed analysis of video-recorded interactions in optometric consultation rooms can help reveal the practical organization of the ‘routine’ work through which optometrists examine and assess their clients’ sight. Save for the contribution of the paper to methodological discussions about the use of visual data for the analysis of the practical work of optometrists, the paper also demonstrates how video-based research can add to recent debates in organizational sociology, workplace studies, and practice theory as well as to discussions about service quality and quality of care in health-service settings.
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Jiang, Jack, Emily Lin, and David G. Hanson. "Effect of Tape Recording on Perturbation Measures." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 5 (October 1998): 1031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4105.1031.
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Tape recorders have been shown to affect measures of voice perturbation. Few studies, however, have been conducted to quantitatively justify the use or exclusion of certain types of recorders in voice perturbation studies. This study used sinusoidal and triangular waves and synthesized vowels to compare perturbation measures extracted from directly digitized signals with those recorded and played back through various tape recorders, including 3 models of digital audio tape recorders, 2 models of analog audio cassette tape recorders, and 2 models of video tape recorders. Signal contamination for frequency perturbation values was found to be consistently minimal with digital recorders (percent jitter=0.01%–0.02%), mildly increased with video recorders (0.05%–0.10%), moderately increased with a high-quality analog audio cassette tape recorder (0.15%), and most prominent with a low-quality analog audio cassette tape recorder (0.24%). Recorder effect on amplitude perturbation measures was lowest in digital recorders (percent shimmer = 0.09%–0.20%), mildly to moderately increased in video recorders and a high-quality analog audio cassette tape recorder (0.25%–0.45%), and most prominent in a low-quality analog audio cassette tape recorder (0.98%). The effect of cassette tape material, length of spooled tape, and duration of analysis were also tested and are discussed.
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Roos, Carla A., Tom Postmes, and Namkje Koudenburg. "The microdynamics of social regulation: Comparing the navigation of disagreements in text-based online and face-to-face discussions." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 23, no. 6 (September 2020): 902–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430220935989.
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This study explores how people navigate the field of tension between expressing disagreement and maintaining social relationships in text-based online as compared to face-to-face discussions. In face-to-face discussions, differences of opinion are socially regulated by introducing ambiguity in message content coupled with instant responding on a relational level. We hypothesized that online messages are less ambiguous and less responsive, both of which may hinder social regulation. Thirty-six groups of three unacquainted students discussed politically controversial statements via chat, video-chat (nonanonymous), and face-to-face, in a multilevel repeated measures Graeco-Latin square design. Content coding revealed that online discussions were relatively clear and unresponsive. This related to participants experiencing reduced conversational flow, less shared cognition, and less solidarity online. These results suggest that ambiguity and responsiveness enable people to maintain social relationships in the face of disagreement. This emphasizes the key role that subtle microdynamics in interpersonal interaction play in social regulation.
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Wright, Barry, Melissa Barry, Ellen Hughes, Dominic Trépel, Shehzad Ali, Victoria Allgar, Lucy Cottrill, et al. "Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions for children with severe attachment problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Health Technology Assessment 19, no. 52 (July 2015): 1–348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta19520.
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Background and objectivesServices have variable practices for identifying and providing interventions for ‘severe attachment problems’ (disorganised attachment patterns and attachment disorders). Several government reports have highlighted the need for better parenting interventions in at-risk groups. This report was commissioned to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions for children with severe attachment problems (the main review). One supplementary review explored the evaluation of assessment tools and a second reviewed 10-year outcome data to better inform health economic aspects of the main review.Data sourcesA total of 29 electronic databases were searched with additional mechanisms for identifying a wide pool of references using the Cochrane methodology. Examples of databases searched include PsycINFO (1806 to January week 1, 2012), MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations (1946 to December week 4, 2011) and EMBASE (1974 to week 1, 2012). Searches were carried out between 6 and 12 January 2012.Review methodsPapers identified were screened and data were extracted by two independent reviewers, with disagreements arbitrated by a third independent reviewer. Quality assessment tools were used, including quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies – version 2 and the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of parenting interventions was undertaken. A health economics analysis was conducted.ResultsThe initial search returned 10,167 citations. This yielded 29 RCTs in the main review of parenting interventions to improve attachment patterns, and one involving children with reactive attachment disorder. A meta-analysis of eight studies seeking to improve outcome in at-risk populations showed statistically significant improvement in disorganised attachment. The interventions saw less disorganised attachment at outcome than the control (odds ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.65;p < 0.00001). Much of this focused around interventions improving maternal sensitivity, with or without video feedback. In our first supplementary review, 35 papers evaluated an attachment assessment tool demonstrating validity or psychometric data. Only five reported test–retest data. Twenty-six studies reported inter-rater reliability, with 24 reporting a level of 0.7 or above. Cronbach’s alphas were reported in 12 studies for the comparative tests (11 with α > 0.7) and four studies for the reference tests (four with α > 0.7). Three carried out concurrent validity comparing the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) with another assessment tool. These had good sensitivity but poor specificity. The Disturbances of Attachment Interview had good sensitivity and specificity with the research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for attachment disorders. In our supplementary review of 10-year outcomes in cohorts using a baseline reference standard, two studies were found with disorganised attachment at baseline, with one finding raised psychopathology in adolescence. Budget impact analysis of costs was estimated because a decision model could not be justifiably populated. This, alongside other findings, informed research priorities.LimitationsThere are relatively few UK-based clinical trials. A 10-year follow-up, while necessary for our health economists for long-term sequelae, yielded a limited number of papers.ConclusionsMaternal sensitivity interventions show good outcomes in at-risk populations, but require further research with complex children. The SSP and RDC for attachment disorders remain the reference standards for identification until more concurrent and predictive validity research is conducted. A birth cohort with sequential attachment measures and outcomes across different domains is recommended with further, methodologically sound randomised controlled intervention trials. The main area identified for future work was a need for good-quality RCTs in at-risk groups such as those entering foster care or adoption.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42011001395.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Yang, Chun Ting, Yang Liu, and Jing Yu. "Research on Video Sequences Quality Based on Motion Intensity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 20-23 (January 2010): 1476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.20-23.1476.
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Perception video sequences quality metrics are of great potential benefit to the video industry, as they promise the means to evaluate the performance of acquisition, display, coding and communication systems. Many researchers have focused on developing digital video sequences quality metrics which produce results that accurately emulate subjective responses. However, to be widely applicable a metric must also work over a wide range of quality, and be useful for in-service quality monitoring. We have developed novel video distortion metrics for video sequences. The temporal correlations of video frames and the visual interest feature are considered in this method. Meanwhile the metrics are capable of capturing spatial distortions in video sequences. The metrics correlate well with subjective video transmission quality measures because perception distortions of human were took account of. Results are presented that demonstrate our perceptual quality metric performs better than existing methods.
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Dumic, Emil, and Anamaria Bjelopera. "No-Reference Objective Video Quality Measure for Frame Freezing Degradation." Sensors 19, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 4655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214655.
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In this paper we present a novel no-reference video quality measure, NR-FFM (no-reference frame–freezing measure), designed to estimate quality degradations caused by frame freezing of streamed video. The performance of the measure was evaluated using 40 degraded video sequences from the laboratory for image and video engineering (LIVE) mobile database. Proposed quality measure can be used in different scenarios such as mobile video transmission by itself or in combination with other quality measures. These two types of applications were presented and studied together with considerations on relevant normalization issues. The results showed promising correlation values between the user assigned quality and the estimated quality scores.
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Zhou, Tong. "A 3D Video Quality Assessment Method Based on the Disparity Map." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 1061–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.1061.
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3D video quality assessment is a hot spot in the market of TV industry. Most Research work are based on the DIBR. However in TV industry the main form of 3DTV is side by side.Up to now there have been very few video quality measures to deal with this situation.This paper proposes a 3D video quality method based on the disparity map to deal with this situation.The method comes out with the broadcast of CCTV3D on Jan 1st 2012.
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Tiotsop, Lohic Fotio, Antonio Servetti, and Enrico Masala. "Investigating Prediction Accuracy of Full Reference Objective Video Quality Measures through the ITS4S Dataset." Electronic Imaging 2020, no. 11 (January 26, 2020): 93–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.11.hvei-093.
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Large subjectively annotated datasets are crucial to the development and testing of objective video quality measures (VQMs). In this work we focus on the recently released ITS4S dataset. Relying on statistical tools, we show that the content of the dataset is rather heterogeneous from the point of view of quality assessment. Such diversity naturally makes the dataset a worthy asset to validate the accuracy of video quality metrics (VQMs). In particular we study the ability of VQMs to model the reduction or the increase of the visibility of distortion due to the spatial activity in the content. The study reveals that VQMs are likely to overestimate the perceived quality of processed video sequences whose source is characterized by few spatial details. We then propose an approach aiming at modeling the impact of spatial activity on distortion visibility when objectively assessing the visual quality of a content. The effectiveness of the proposal is validated on the ITS4S dataset as well as on the Netflix public dataset.
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Karim, Sajida, Hui He, A. R. Junejo, and Mariyam Sattar. "Measurement of Objective Video Quality in Social Cloud Based on Reference Metric." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (January 13, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5028132.
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This paper explores the objective of the present video quality analysis (VQA) and measures the full reference metrics keeping in view the quality degradation. During the research work, we conduct experiments on different social clouds (SCs) and low-quality videos. Selected videos are uploaded to SC to assess differences in video service and quality. WeChat shows that the average of all videos (Avg = 100), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), has no impact on other indicators. Therefore, we believe that WeChat provides the best video quality and multimedia services to their users to meet Quality of Service (QoS)/Quality of Experience (QoE).
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Nguyen, Viet Hung, Ngoc Nam Pham, Cong Thang Truong, Duy Tien Bui, Huu Thanh Nguyen, and Thu Huong Truong. "Retina-based quality assessment of tile-coded 360-degree videos." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems 9, no. 32 (June 21, 2022): e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eetinis.v9i32.1058.
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Nowadays, omnidirectional content, which delivers 360-degree views of scenes, is a significant aspect of Virtual Reality systems. While 360 video requires a lot of bandwidth, users only see visible tiles, therefore a large amount of bitrate can be saved without affecting the user’s experience on the service. The fact leads to current video adaptation solutions to filter out superfluous parts and extraneous bandwidth. To form a good basis for these adaptations, it is necessary to understand human’s video quality perception. In our research, we contribute to building an effective omnidirectional video database that can be applied to study the effects of the five zones of the human retina. We also design a new video quality assessment method to analyze the impacts of those zones of a 360 video according to the human retina. The proposed scheme is found to outperform 22 current objective quality measures by 11 to 31% in terms of the PCC parameter.
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Moiron, Sandro, Rouzbeh Razavi, Martin Fleury, and Mohammed Ghanbari. "Intelligent Bandwidth Allocation of IPTV Streams with Bitstream Complexity Measures." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 4, no. 3 (July 2013): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2013070103.
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IPTV video services are increasingly being considered for delivery to mobile devices over broadband wireless access networks. The IPTV streams or channels are multiplexed together for transport across an IP core network prior to distribution across the access network. According to the type of access network, prior bandwidth constraints exist that restrict the multiplex data-rate. This paper presents a bandwidth allocation scheme based on content complexity to equalize the overall video quality of the IPTV sub-streams, in effect a form of statistical multiplexing. Bandwidth adaptation is achieved through a bank of bit-rate transcoders. Complexity metrics serve to estimate the appropriate bandwidth share for each stream, prior to distribution over a wireless or ADSL access network. These metrics are derived after entropy decoding of the input compressed bit-streams, without the delay resulting from a full decode. Fuzzy-logic control serves to adjust the balance between spatial and temporal coding complexity. The paper examines constant and varying bandwidth scenarios. Experimental results show a significant overall gain in video quality in comparison to a fixed bandwidth allocation.
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Aldahdooh, Ahmed, Enrico Masala, Olivier Janssens, Glenn Van Wallendael, Marcus Barkowsky, and Patrick Le Callet. "Improved Performance Measures for Video Quality Assessment Algorithms Using Training and Validation Sets." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 21, no. 8 (August 2019): 2026–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2018.2882091.
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Al Shamsi, Hilal, Abdullah Ghthaith Almutairi, and Sulaiman Salim Al Mashrafi. "Implications of Disagreement Between Self-Reporting and Objective Measures: A Scoping Review." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 6 (May 24, 2018): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n6p199.
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INTRODUCTION: Researchers and health specialists generally collect data and information about chronic diseases from self-reports. However, the accuracy of self-reports has been questioned as they depend on the respondents' ability to recall information and their understanding of pathological conditions. Therefore, an objective diagnosis is usually regarded as a more accurate indication of the presence of diseases.OBJECTIVE: A scoping review will examine the extent of the disagreement between self- reports and objective measures, focusing on the implications of this disagreement in terms of indicators of physical and emotional health as well provision and planning of health services.METHOD: There are few publications on the impact of disagreements between self-reporting and objective measures. In this case, a scoping review was chosen as an efficient tool to explore the issue, due to the limited amount of available evidence. This review was conducted in two major research databases: Scopus and Medline databases. The criteria of the study included all genders, age groups, and geographic areas. The source of information for the scoping review included existing literature such as guidelines, letters, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and primary research studies.RESULT: In the 12 studies, the total participants were 155,939 and each study’s sample size ranged from 77 to 118,553. Four out of twelve studies showed a significant difference between self-reported ailments and objective diagnosis for (kappa=0.17 to 0.3), whereas the agreement was moderate for the utilization of health services and quality of ambulatory care (kappa=0.43 to 0.5), however, the agreement on whether counselling and referrals were needed was low (kappa= 0.3, 95% CI [0.3-0.3]). The disagreements between self-report and objective measures had implications regarding prevalence of diseases (20% less by self-reported) or risk factors (such as physical activity [PA]), costs of treatments (15 EUR high by reports), risk factors such as car accidents for elderly (useful field of view in elderly drivers was a risk over four times larger than obtained from self-reported [OR= 13.7 vs OR=3.4]), and utilization of health services (34.1% higher by reported).CONCLUSION: In most health domains, we found there was low to moderate disagreement between self-reporting and objective measures for diagnosing illnesses and utilization of health services. The prevalence of disease was lower when self-reported, while the utilization of health services and cost of health services were higher when self-reported than when objectively measured. This disagreement has implications regarding the increasing the cost of health services and provides a misleading basis for health planning.
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Christopher, Prayline Rajabai, and Sivanantham Sathasivam. "Quality Assessment of Dual-Parallel Edge Deblocking Filter Architecture for HEVC/H.265." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 12952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412952.
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Preserving the visual quality is a major constraint for any algorithm in image and video processing applications. AVC and HEVC are the extensively used video coding standards for various video processing applications in recent days. These coding standards use filters to preserve the visual quality of the processed video. To retain the quality of the reconstructed video, AVC uses an in-loop filter, called the deblocking filter, while HEVC uses two in-loop filters, the sampling adaptive offset filter and the deblocking filter. These filters are implemented in hardware by adopting various optimization techniques such as reduction of power utilization, reduction of algorithm complexity, and consuming lesser area. The quality of the reconstructed video should not be impacted by these optimization measures. For the HEVC/H.265 coding standard, a parallel edge deblocking filter architecture is designed, and the effectiveness of the parallel edge filter architecture is evaluated using various quantization values for various resolutions. The quality of the parallel edge filter architecture is on par with the HEVC reference model.
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Aldahdooh, Ahmed, Enrico Masala, Glenn Van Wallendael, and Marcus Barkowsky. "Reproducible research framework for objective video quality measures using a large-scale database approach." SoftwareX 8 (July 2018): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2017.09.004.
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Benjak, Jakov, Daniel Hofman, Josip Knezović, and Martin Žagar. "Performance Comparison of H.264 and H.265 Encoders in a 4K FPV Drone Piloting System." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 6386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136386.
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With the rapid growth of video data traffic on the Internet and the development of new types of video transmission systems, the need for ad hoc video encoders has also increased. One such case involves Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), widely known as drones, which are used in drone races, search and rescue efforts, capturing panoramic views, and so on. In this paper, we provide an efficiency comparison of the two most popular video encoders—H.264 and H.265—in a drone piloting system using first-person view (FPV). In this system, a drone is used to capture video, which is then transmitted to FPV goggles in real time. We examine the compression efficiency of 4K drone footage by varying parameters such as Group of Pictures (GOP) size, Quantization Parameter (QP), and target bitrate. The quality of the compressed footage is determined using four objective video quality measures: PSNR, SSIM, VMAF, and BRISQUE. Apart from video quality, encoding time and encoding energy consumption are also compared. The research was performed using numerous nodes on a supercomputer.
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Calvert, Jay, James Asa Strong, Matthew Service, Chris McGonigle, and Rory Quinn. "An evaluation of supervised and unsupervised classification techniques for marine benthic habitat mapping using multibeam echosounder data." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 5 (December 12, 2014): 1498–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu223.
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Abstract Marine habitat mapping provides information on seabed substrata and faunal community structure to users including research scientists, conservation organizations, and policy makers. Full-coverage acoustic data are frequently used for habitat mapping in combination with video ground-truth data in either a supervised or unsupervised classification. In this investigation, video ground-truth data with a camera footprint of 1 m2 were classified to level 4 of the European Nature Information System habitat classification scheme. Acoustic data with a horizontal resolution of 1 m2 were collected over an area of 130 km2 using a multibeam echosounder, and processed to provide bathymetry and backscatter data. Bathymetric derivatives including eastness, northness, slope, topographic roughness index, vector rugosity measure, and two measures of curvature were created. A feature selection process based on Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc pairwise testing was used to select environmental variables able to discriminate ground-truth classes. Subsequently, three datasets were formed: backscatter alone (BS), backscatter combined with bathymetry and derivatives (BSDER), and bathymetry and derivatives alone (DER). Two classifications were performed on each of the datasets to produce habitat maps: maximum likelihood supervised classification (MLC) and ISO Cluster unsupervised classification. Accuracy of the supervised habitat maps was assessed using total agreement, quantity disagreement, and allocation disagreement. Agreement in the unsupervised maps was assessed using the Cramer's V coefficient. Choice of input data produced large differences in the accuracy of the supervised maps, but did not have the same effect on the unsupervised maps. Accuracies were 46, 56, and 49% when calculated using the sample and 52, 65, and 51% when using an unbiased estimate of the population for the BS, BSDER, and DER maps, respectively. Cramer's V was 0.371, 0.417, and 0.366 for the BS, BSDER, and DER maps, respectively.
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Al Shamsi, Hilal, and Abdullah Almutairi. "Disagreement Between Self-Reporting and Objective Diagnosis in Chronic Diseases Among Omanis 2008." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 5 (April 11, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n5p97.
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Background: Health specialists and researchers usually collect information about chronic diseases from self-reports. However, the accuracy of self-reports has been questioned as it relies on the respondents’ understanding of pathological conditions and their ability to recall information. Accordingly, an objective diagnosis is generally regarded as a more precise indication of the presence of disease.Objective: The study objectives were to determine the extent of disagreement between self-reporting and objective diagnosis, identify contributory factors to the discrepancy, and examine the effects of the incongruity on quality of healthcare services and health status.Methods: Secondary data from the most recent Oman World Health Survey (OWHS), for which data were readily available (2008), were analysed in the current study. This was the most recent survey conducted in Oman to date as collection of the data for the subsequent survey only commenced in February 2017 and is still in progress. Agreement between the self-reporting of chronic disease (diabetes mellitus and hypertension) and the results of medical examinations was calculated using kappa (ϰ) statistics. Sociodemographic risk factors for the self-reported and objective measurement of disease were identified (second objective). Univariate analysis was measured initially to determine associations between the variables and the outcome. Thereafter, significant variables were included in multivariate analysis performed using logistic regression. The impact of disagreement on quality of healthcare service and health status (third objective) was also examined using the chi-square test in relation to health service quality and health status variables.Results: Of 3524 Oman adults, aged ≥ 20 years (48% males), agreement between the self-reported and objective measurement of chronic disease was found to be poor to moderate (ϰ = 0.001-0.141). The highest agreement was observed for diabetes mellitus (ϰ = 0.402) and the lowest was found for asthma (ϰ = 0.000). Socioeconomic or demographic characteristics were not significantly associated with the degree of agreement attained between the methods used to measure chronic disease (p = > 0.050), except for sex, age and region. The discrepancy did not significantly impact on familial support (i.e., financial, social, health, physical and personal), the responsiveness of the health system, and household income or expenditure. However, the disagreement was associated with significant effects for other healthcare service and health status variables, i.e., quality of life and health service utilisation (p = < 0.050). It was found that people with the chronic disease and aware of their health status (positive agreement), and those with negative objective measure but positive self-reported disease (negative disagreement), were more likely to access healthcare services (83% of who had a positive agreement for chronic lung disease) and to be satisfied with the quality of care provided (82% of who had a negative disagreement for hypertension), compared to those who assumed they were healthy but had a chronic disease.Conclusions and Recommendations: Although agreement between the self-reported and objective measurement of chronic disease was found to be poor to moderate, we found that some socioeconomic demographic characteristics, such as educational and economic level, did not affect the agreement of measure tools for hypertension and diabetes, except for sex, age and region. Contrary to our expectations, disagreement between objective and self-reported measures in chronic diseases appears not to significantly impact on the quality of healthcare services and health status. The high use of health care services in participants with positive disagreement may result in unnecessary healthcare service costs required to treat chronic diseases. The implications on health services use and planning of this disagreement in the diagnosis of chronic diseases have been scarcely addressed in the literature, therefore, the results from our study need to be taken as a first approximation to this issue. Provided the unexpected results, we recommend examining closely the integrity of the dataset before giving full value about the validity of them.
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Tyukhtyaev, Dmitry. "Researching Video Conference Services on IEEE 802.11x Wireless Networks." NBI Technologies, no. 4 (December 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2021.4.2.
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The purpose of the study was to determine the dependence of the quality of video conferencing services on the characteristics of wireless communication channels and the number of users in a given network. The characteristics of the signal strength in a wireless network, measured in decibels (dB) were described in this article. The article discusses subjective and objective methods for assessing video. The PSNR and VQM metrics and the MSU Video Quality Measurement Tool software, created by the computer graphics laboratory of the Moscow State University, were used as an objective method for assessing video. For the subjective method, the DSCQS method was used. The PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) metric is one of the most commonly used metrics. PSNR measures the peak signal-to-noise ratio between the original signal and the signal at the output of the system. PSNR does not measure all video-specific parameters, as the fidelity of the image is constantly changing depending on the visual complexity of the image, the available bit rate and even the compression method. The Video Quality Measurement (VQM) metric is described in Recommendation ITU-R BT.1683. The test results show that VQM has a high correlation with subjective methods for assessing video quality and claims to become the standard in the field of objective quality assessment.
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Hota, Bala, Thomas Webb, Avanthi Chatrathi, Elizabeth McAninch, and Omar Lateef. "Disagreement Between Hospital Rating Systems: Measuring the Correlation of Multiple Benchmarks and Developing a Quality Composite Rank." American Journal of Medical Quality 35, no. 3 (June 28, 2019): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860619860250.
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In the United States, hospital rating system usefulness is limited by heterogeneity and conflicting results. US News Best Hospitals, Vizient Quality and Accountability Study, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Star Rating, Leapfrog Hospital Safety Grade, and the Truven Top 100 Hospitals ratings were compared using Spearman correlations. Rank aggregation was used to combine the scores generating a Quality Composite Rank (QCR). The highest correlation between rating systems was shown between the Leapfrog Safety Grade and the CMS Star Rating. In a proportional odds logistic regression, a greater discordance between the CMS Star Rating, Vizient rank, US News, and Leapfrog was associated with a lower overall rank in the QCR. Lack of transparency and understanding about the differences and similarities for these hospital ranking systems complicates use of the measures. By combining the results of these ranking systems into a composite, the measurement of hospital quality can be simplified.
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Kowalczyk, Paweł, Jacek Izydorczyk, and Marcin Szelest. "Evaluation Methodology for Object Detection and Tracking in Bounding Box Based Perception Modules." Electronics 11, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081182.
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The aim of this work is to formulate a new metric to be used in the automotive industry for the evaluation process of software used to detect vehicles on video data. To achieve this goal, we have formulated a new concept for measuring the degree of matching between rectangles for industrial use. We propose new measure based on three sub-measures focused on the area of the rectangle, its shape, and distance. These sub-measures are merged into a General similarity measure to avoid problems with poor adaptability of the Jaccard index to practical issues of recognition. Additionally, we create method of calculation of detection quality in the sequence of video frames that summarizes the local quality and adds information about possible late detection. Experiments with real and artificial data have confirmed that we have created flexible tools that can reduce time needed to evaluate detection software efficiently, and provide more detailed information about the quality of detection than the Jaccard index. Their use can significantly speed up data analysis and capture the weaknesses and limitations of the detection system under consideration. Our detection quality assessment method can be of interest to all engineers involved in machine recognition of video data.
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Kong, Lingchao, Ademola Ikusan, Rui Dai, Jingyi Zhu, and Dara Ros. "A No-Reference Image Quality Model for Object Detection on Embedded Cameras." International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2019010102.
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Automatic video analysis tools are an indispensable component in imaging applications. Object detection, the first and the most important step for automatic video analysis, is implemented in many embedded cameras. The accuracy of object detection relies on the quality of images that are processed. This paper proposes a new image quality model for predicting the performance of object detection on embedded cameras. A video data set is constructed that considers different factors for quality degradation in the imaging process, such as reduced resolution, noise, and blur. The performances of commonly used low-complexity object detection algorithms are obtained for the data set. A no-reference regression model based on a bagging ensemble of regression trees is built to predict the accuracy of object detection using observable features in an image. Experimental results show that the proposed model provides more accurate predictions of image quality for object detection than commonly known image quality measures.
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Alhaisoni, Majed, Mohammed Ghanbari, and Antonio Liotta. "Scalable P2P Video Streaming." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 6, no. 3 (July 2010): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2010070103.
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P2P networks are a technology able to deliver real time and video-on-demand services over IP networks. Layered video coding techniques are being introduced due to their ability to deliver streams at different scales (temporal, spatial and SNR) that solve the heterogeneity problem. This eases transmission in the case of limited bandwidth, as the devices can pick and decode the minimum bit rate base layer. Existing work examines layered video in client-server scenarios. In contrast, this paper analyzes scalable coding H.264/SVC over P2P networks based on an SNR-temporal Codec. Due to the interdependency between the different SVC layers, issues of reliability and quality of experience arise unless proper measures are taken to protect the base layer. The authors explore the effectiveness of a combination of P2P strategies, for example, hybrid P2P architecture, P2P locality, and P2P redundancy, to assess the viability and benefits of scalable video coding over P2P. The resulting performance is compared with a state-of-the-art P2P TV platform.
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Chetty, Raj, John N. Friedman, and Jonah E. Rockoff. "Measuring the Impacts of Teachers I: Evaluating Bias in Teacher Value-Added Estimates." American Economic Review 104, no. 9 (September 1, 2014): 2593–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.9.2593.
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Are teachers' impacts on students' test scores (value-added) a good measure of their quality? One reason this question has sparked debate is disagreement about whether value-added (VA) measures provide unbiased estimates of teachers' causal impacts on student achievement. We test for bias in VA using previously unobserved parent characteristics and a quasi-experimental design based on changes in teaching staff. Using school district and tax records for more than one million children, we find that VA models which control for a student's prior test scores provide unbiased forecasts of teachers' impacts on student achievement. (JEL H75, I21, J24, J45)
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Dodsworth, Emily, Catherine Kelly, and Caroline Bond. "Video Interaction Guidance with families: A systematic review of the research." Educational and Child Psychology 38, no. 3 (September 2021): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2021.38.3.48.
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Aim:There is a growing evidence-base for the effectiveness of Video Interaction Guidance (VIG) in enhancing communication within relationships. Existing meta-analyses and systematic reviews include VIG within wider evaluations of similar interventions. This paper reviews the use of VIG within families, with a focus on its longer-term effectiveness.Method:A systematic literature review (SLR) was structured using PRISMA. It evaluated studies’ methodological quality, appropriateness and relevance of focus, as well as reported outcomes.Findings:The SLR identified nine high-or medium-quality studies, of which six included follow-up measures. The review found that there is emerging evidence of positive outcomes being maintained beyond families’ final shared reviews. Increased attunement and attachment in parent-child relationships were reported up to 20 months post-intervention.Limitations:Most studies used very small samples. Studies also varied in their descriptions of how VIG was carried out, potentially compromising intervention fidelity. Twenty-two outcome measures were used across nine studies, highlighting the need for more homogeneity in the conceptualisation and measurement of outcomes. Inconsistency in samples, outcomes measures and time points for data collection means that conclusions drawn from this review are done so tentatively.Conclusions:Increased attunement and attachment were reported consistently across a range of samples, indicating support for the proposed mechanisms for the effectiveness of VIG. However, long-term effectiveness studies are needed to demonstrate maintenance of these effects.
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R.Bulli Babu, Dr, SK Shahid Afridi, and S. Satya Vasavi. "A new enhancement to avoid video distortion in wireless multihop networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.10608.
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The protocols of typical routing algorithms which are designed for the wireless networks long back are specifically application oriented. Taking consideration at present, with the increase in the usage of the wireless networks the problem we are facing is video traffic. The very important thing is to maintain a good quality of video. At present users are opting videos in high quality that are to be delivered smoothly into their devices. The nature of video is changed due to 1) Because of the compression distortion occurs at the source. 2) With both interference and the errors induced on wireless channels distortion occurs. Hence, in this paper we work for the reduction of the distortion that occurs in video traffic. In order to overcome this problem we opted a wireless network in which the flow of application contains video traffic. For the clients the reduction of the distortion is very difficult. We cannot minimize the video distortions by using the link quality based routing measures. To understand this we construct an analytical framework first, then on the video distortions for accessing the impact. By using an analytical framework we design a routing measure for the reduction of distortion. With our experiment results we evaluate that our protocol is best for the reduction of video distortion and also for the reduction of the experience of user de-gradations.
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Raunig, David, Gregory V. Goldmacher, and James J. Conklin. "Adjudication rate as an indicator of read quality in clinical trials using progression-related endpoints assessed by imaging." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e13082-e13082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e13082.
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e13082 Background: Progression-free survival determined by serial tumor burden assessments is a common oncology trial endpoint. Images are often assessed by two reviewers, with disagreement on progression date resolved by an adjudicator. Adjudication rate (AR) is a widely used metric of read quality, with AR > 40% thought to indicate poor data. We examined factors that determine AR and the potential impact of overreliance upon it as a measure of data quality, using a statistical model of independent blinded review. Methods: Reads were simulated as a binary series of progression assessments with an underlying Gaussian decision process. Tumor burden increased in a linear fashion, with true progression at 21 weeks. Tumor measurement variability was constant, while visit frequency varied from 2 to 16 weeks. 1,000 runs of 100 patients were performed. For each run, AR and the variance and bias of time to progression were computed. Results: See table. Decreasing the visit interval relative to the progression rate increased AR but increased the accuracy and precision of the time to progression estimate. AR was less sensitive than other statistical tests of asymmetry for detection of reader bias. Conclusions: AR is affected by biological, image, and reader variability, progression rate, and visit interval. Frequent visits relative to progression increase AR, but lower bias and variance in time to progression estimates. High AR may occur even with strong readers, while very low AR may indicate loss of reader independence and data integrity. High ARs should be investigated to determine the effect on the progression endpoint. AR is not itself an endpoint, and is not a reliable indicator of read quality. Blindly attempting to minimize AR without understanding the cause may waste resources, divert attention from critical factors such as bias, and decrease a trial’s ability to detect differences between treatment arms. Other reader metrics, such as measures of asymmetrical disagreement, are recommended as alternative measures of read quality for oncology trials. [Table: see text]
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Vetro, Anthony, Derek Schwenke, Toshihiko Hata, and Naoki Kuwahara. "Scalable Video Streaming Based on JPEG2000 Transcoding with Adaptive Rate Control." Advances in Multimedia 2007 (2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/62094.
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This paper describes a scalable video streaming system based on JPEG2000 with various modes of streaming. A core function of the proposed system is a low-complexity transcoding technique that adapts the quality and resolution of the scene based on available bandwidth. One key feature of this technique that is important for surveillance applications is that interesting regions of the scene are assigned higher quality than background regions. To cope with varying network conditions, we also present a rate control algorithm that adaptively transcodes stored JPEG2000 frames. The proposed algorithm is designed to improve overall quality over a uniform rate control method by increasing bandwidth utilization, while satisfying buffer constraints and maintaining consistent quality over time. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system and rate control algorithm in terms of both objective measures and subjective evaluation. Complexity is also evaluated.
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Barber, Claire E. H., Karen L. Then, Victoria Bohm, Marc Hall, Deborah A. Marshall, James A. Rankin, Cheryl Barnabe, et al. "Development of a Patient-centered Quality Measurement Framework for Measuring, Monitoring, and Optimizing Rheumatoid Arthritis Care in Canada." Journal of Rheumatology 48, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.200688.
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Objective.The aim of this study was to develop a patient-centered quality measurement framework to address a predefined vision statement and 7 strategic objectives for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) care that was developed in prior qualitative work with arthritis stakeholders.Methods.One hundred forty-seven RA-related performance measures (PMs) were identified from a systematic review. A candidate list of 26 PMs meeting predefined criteria and addressing the strategic objectives previously defined was then assessed during a 3-round (R) modified Delphi. Seventeen panelists with expertise in RA, quality measurement, and/or lived experience with RA rated each PM on a 1–9 scale based on the items of importance, feasibility, and priority for inclusion in the framework during R1 and R3, with a moderated discussion in R2. PMs with median scores ≥ 7 on all 3 items without disagreement were included in the final set, which then underwent public comment.Results.Twenty-one measures were included in the final framework (15 PMs from the Delphi and 6 published system-level measures on access to care and treatment). The measures included 4 addressing early access to care and timely diagnosis, 12 evidence-based care for RA and related comorbidities, 1 addressing patient participation as an informed partner in care, and 4 on patient outcomes.Conclusion.The proposed framework builds upon existing measures capturing early access to care and treatment in RA and adds important PMs to promote high-quality RA care and outcome measurement. In the next phase, the authors will test the framework in clinical practice in addition to addressing certain areas where no suitable PMs were identified.
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Kumar, S. Pravin, and Jan G. Švec. "A Simple Method to Obtain Basic Acoustic Measures From Video Recordings as Subtitles." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 2196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0472.
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Purpose Sound pressure level (SPL) and fundamental frequency (f o ) are very basic and important measures in the acoustical assessment of voice quality, and their variation influences also the vocal fold vibration characteristics. Most sophisticated laryngeal videostroboscopic systems therefore also measure and display the SPL and f o values directly over the video frames by means of a rather expensive special hardware setup. An alternative simple software-based method is presented here to obtain these measures as video subtitles. Method The software extracts acoustic data from the video recording, calculates the SPL and f o parameters, and saves their values in a separate subtitle file. To ensure the correct SPL values, the microphone signal is calibrated beforehand with a sound level meter. Results The new approach was tested on videokymographic recordings obtained laryngoscopically. The results of SPL and f o values calculated from the videokymographic recording, subtitles creation, and their display are presented. Conclusions This method is useful in integrating the acoustic measures with any kind of video recordings containing audio data when inbuilt hardware means are not available. However, calibration and other technical aspects related to data acquisition and synchronization described in this article should be properly taken care of during the recording.
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Bennetts, Shannon K., Fiona K. Mensah, Elizabeth M. Westrupp, Naomi J. Hackworth, Jan M. Nicholson, and Sheena Reilly. "Establishing Agreement between Parent-reported and Directly-measured Behaviours." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 42, no. 1 (March 2017): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.1.12.
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THE QUALITY AND ACCURACY OF research findings relies on the use of appropriate and sensitive research methods. To date, few studies have directly compared quantitative measurement methods in the early childhood field and the extent to which parent-reported and directly-measured behaviours agree is unclear. Existing studies are hampered by small sample sizes and the use of statistical techniques which quantify the magnitude of association between measures (e.g. correlations), but not agreement. Here we review the limitations of existing method comparisons and suggest how alternative statistical approaches such as the Bland-Altman Method and ordinary least products regression can be readily applied in the early childhood context. Understanding agreement (and disagreement) between measurement methods has potential to reduce research costs and improve data quality, with important implications for researchers, clinicians and policy-makers.
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Rajesh, G. R., and A. Shajin Nargunam. "Video Steganography Algorithm for Embedding Data into Raw Video Streams Using Discrete Cosine Transform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 626 (August 2014): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.626.58.
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This paper presents an algorithm for hiding information’s in raw video steams using art of steganography using discrete wavelet transform. While mostly applied to still images in the past, it has become very popular for video streams recently. When steganographic methods are applied to digital video streams, the selection of target pixels, which are used to store the secret data, is especially crucial for an effective and successful-embedding process; if pixels are not selected carefully, undesired spatial and temporal perception problems occur in the stegno-video. Typically, an irrecoverable steganography algorithm is the algorithm that makes it hard for malicious third parties to discover how it works and how to recover the secret data out of the carrier file. In this paper, a new embedding algorithm is proposed to hide the secret data in moving videos. The 2D-DCT of the video is taken and the secret message is embedded. The performance measures are evaluated for the quality of the video after the data hiding and show good results.
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Jofri, Muhamad Hanif, Mohd Farhan Md Fudzee, Mohd Norasri Ismail, SHAHREEN KASIM, and Jemal Abawajy. "Quality of Experience (QOE) Aware Video Attributes Determination for Mobile Streaming Using Hybrid Profiling." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i3.pp597-609.
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<p>Today, consumers use a smartphone device to display the media contents for work and entertainment purposes, as well as watching online video. Online video streaming is the main cause that consume smartphone’s energy quickly. To overcome this problem, smartphone’s energy management is crucial. Thus, a hybrid energy-aware profiler is proposed. Basically, a profiler will monitor and manage the energy consumption in the smartphone devices. The hybrid energy-aware profiler will set up a protocol preference of both the user and the device. Then, it will estimates the energy consumption in smartphone. However, saving energy alone can contribute to the Quality of Experience (QoE) neglection, thus the proposed solution takes into account the client QoE. Even though there are several existing energy-aware profilers that have been developed to manage energy use in smartphones however, most energy-aware profilers does not consider QoE at the same time. The proposed solution consider both, the performance of the hybrid energy-aware profiler is compared with the baseline energy models against a variation of content adaptation according to the pre-defined variables. Three types of variables were determined; resolution, frame rate and energy consumption in smartphone devices. In this area, QoE subjective methods based on MOS (Mean Opinion Score) are the most commonly used approaches for defining and quantifying real video quality. Nevertheless, although these approaches have been established to consistently quantify users’ amounts of approval, they do not adequately realize which are the criteria of video attribute that important. In this paper, we conducted an experiment with a certain devices to measures user’s QoE and energy usage of video attribute in smartphone devices. Our results demonstrate that the list of possible solution is a relevant and useful video attribute that satify the users.</p>
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Lu, Xu, Hong Wei Ding, Yong Wang, Jia Guo, Hai Jie Cheng, and Ran Zhai. "Study on Detection of Black Field and Static Frame in IPTV and Mobile TV’s Quality Supervision." Advanced Materials Research 1037 (October 2014): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1037.182.
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With the digital and networked development in information industry, people's requirements for video playback quality step up, and people put forward higher requirements to the regulatory work. After timely detecting factors which effect the quality of video playback, such as: mosaic, no sound, black field, supervision departments take corresponding measures to adjust the broadcast program which is beneficial to improve the playback quality. Among them, this article made some analysis on the static frame and black field which are important parts of the program content detection, and tells us the causes and characteristics of them. Then we design the detection method for these two kinds of phenomena by controlling the static frame and black field threshold size .Finally, we use the MATLAB program to realize the detection of the static frame and black field.
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Suminski, Richard R., Gregory M. Dominick, and Matthew Saponaro. "Comparing Counts of Park Users With a Wearable Video Device and an Unmanned Aerial System." Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2020-0063.
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Evidence suggests that video captured with a wearable video device (WVD) may augment or supplant traditional methods for assessing park use. Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) are used to assess human activity, but research employing them for park assessments is sparse. Therefore, this study compared park user counts between a WVD and UAS. A diverse set of 33 amenities (e.g., playground) in three parks were videoed simultaneously by one researcher wearing a WVD and another operating the UAS. Assessments were done at 12 p.m. and 7 p.m. on weekends, with one park evaluated on two occasions 7 days apart. Two investigators independently reviewed videos and reached consensus on the counts of individuals at each amenity. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to determine intra- and interrater reliabilities. A total of 404 (M = 4.7; SD = 9.6) and 389 (M = 4.5; SD = 9.0) individuals were counted in the UAS and WVD videos, respectively. Absolute agreement was 86% (74/86) and 100% when no individuals were using the amenity. Whether using all 86 videos or only videos having people (48 videos), ICCs indicated excellent reliability (ICC = .99; p < .001). The totals seen for the repeated measures were UAS = 146 and WVD = 136 for Day 1 and UAS = 169 and WVD = 161 for Day 2. Intrarater reliability was excellent for the UAS (ICC = .92; p < .001) and good for the WVD (ICC = .89; p < .001). Disagreement was mainly due to obstructions—people behind or under structures. This study provides support for the use of UASs for counting park users and future research examining the potential benefits of video analysis for assessing park use.
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Zi, Lingling, Junping Du, and Qian Wang. "Frame Interpolation Based on Visual Correspondence and Coherency Sensitive Hashing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/453278.
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The technology of frame interpolation can be applied in intelligent monitoring systems to improve the quality of surveillance video. In this paper, a region-guided frame interpolation algorithm is proposed by introducing two innovative improvements. On the one hand, a detection approach is presented based on visual correspondence for detecting the motion regions that correspond to attracted objects in video sequences, which can narrow the prediction range of interpolated frames. On the other hand, spatial and temporal mapping rules are proposed using coherency sensitive hashing, which can obtain more accurate predicted values of interpolated pixels. Experiments show that the proposed method can achieve encouraging performance in terms of visual quality and quantitative measures.
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Kies, Jonathan K., and Robert C. Williges. "Augmenting the Critical Incident Method to Evaluate Desktop Video Conferencing." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 37 (July 2000): 594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403713.
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Evaluating computer-mediated computer systems requires different usability engineering methods than those applied to traditional user interfaces. In this paper, the critical incident method was used in conjunction with communication performance measures, ethnographic analyses, and questionnaires to help understand the differences between face-to-face communication and desktop video conferencing applications as well as the effects of degraded video quality on communication. Four groups of students working on design projects were observed weekly for seven weeks. After each session, group members were interviewed and asked to discuss communication problems associated with the conferencing system. The combination of analyses resulted in the identification of several usability themes: conversation fluidity problems, lack of effective task support tools, the impact of work activity organization, the effects of time, group size problems, and problems associated with video quality. Combining the critical incident method with other methods yielded insights not attainable through traditional usability engineering metrics.
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Ahmed, Adel A., and Omar Barukab. "Autonomous framework simulation tools for real-time multimedia streaming over wireless ad-hoc networks." SIMULATION 96, no. 2 (July 2, 2019): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549719859065.
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Real-time video communication has become one of the most significant applications extensively used by homogeneous/heterogeneous wireless network technologies, such as Wi-Fi, the Internet of things, the wireless sensor network (WSN), 5G, etc. This leads to enhanced deployment of multimedia streaming applications over wireless network technologies. In order to accomplish the optimal performance of real-time multimedia streaming applications over the homogeneous/heterogeneous wireless network, it is therefore necessary to develop a simulation tool-set that effectively measures the quality of service (QoS) for different multimedia streaming applications over transport layer protocols. This paper proposes an autonomous simulation tool (AST) that is entirely independent from the source code of transport layer protocols. Furthermore, the AST is integrated into NS-2 to evaluate the QoS of real-time video streaming over numerous transport layer protocols and it uses new QoS measurement tools to test the video delivery quality based on I-frames to speeds up the assessment of multimedia streaming quality and ensure high accuracy of performance metrics. The simulation results show that using the AST to simulate real-time multimedia stream results in between 13% and 36% higher delivery ratio and 150–250% less cumulative jitter delay compared with using baseline simulation tools. Also, the AST guarantees an optimal QoS performance measurements in terms of the peak signal-to-noise Ratio and visual quality of the received video.
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Klonek, Florian, Theresa Will, Patrizia Ianiro-Dahm, and Simone Kauffeld. "Opening the Career Counseling Black Box: Behavioral Mechanisms of Empathy and Working Alliance." Journal of Career Assessment 28, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072719865159.
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Many individuals who struggle with career decisions seek professional guidance from career counselors. However, little is known about how to ensure that career guidance sessions are of high quality. Vital factors for a successful counseling process include a positive working alliance and empathy of the counselor. This study investigates how counselors’ behaviors, measured with a behavioral coding instrument, related to positive working alliances and empathy. We introduce a video-based instrument that measures microbehaviors and skills during career counseling sessions. Psychometric analyses were conducted on the basis of 53 video recordings. Double-coded sessions ( N = 18) showed excellent interrater reliabilities for the coded microbehaviors. By using a multitrait-multimethod approach, we established construct validity with another coding instrument, whereas criterion validity was established with respect to counselors’ empathy and working alliance ratings. We discuss theoretical implications of using video-based methods in career sessions to advance process research and present practical applications in terms of assessing quality assurance in career interventions.
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Alsnes, Ingvild Vatten, Morten Munkvik, W. Dana Flanders, and Nicolas Øyane. "How well did Norwegian general practice prepare to address the COVID-19 pandemic?" Family Medicine and Community Health 8, no. 4 (December 2020): e000512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2020-000512.
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ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the quality improvement measures made by Norwegian general practice (GP) during the COVID-19 pandemic, evaluate the differences in quality improvements based on region and assess the combinations of actions taken.DesignDescriptive study.SettingParticipants were included after taking part in an online quality improvement COVID-19 course for Norwegian GPs in April 2020. The participants reported whether internal and external measures were in place: COVID-19 sign on entrance, updated home page, access to video consultations and/or electronic written consultations, home office solutions, separate working teams, preparedness for home visits, isolation rooms, knowledge on decontamination, access to sufficient supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE) and COVID-19 clinics.ParticipantsOne hundred GP offices were included. The mean number of general practitioners per office was 5.63.ResultsMore than 80% of practices had the following preparedness measures: COVID-19 sign on entrance, updated home page, COVID-19 clinic in the municipality, video and written electronic consultations, knowledge on how to use PPE, and home office solutions for general practitioners. Less than 50% had both PPE and knowledge of decontamination. Lack of PPE was reported by 37%, and 34% reported neither sufficient PPE nor a dedicated COVID-19 clinic. 15% reported that they had an isolation room, but not enough PPE. There were no geographical differences.ConclusionsNorwegian GPs in this study implemented many quality improvements to adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the largest potentials for improvement seem to be securing sufficient supply of PPE and establishing an isolation room at their practices.
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Mashima, Pauline A., Deborah P. Birkmire-Peters, Mark J. Syms, Michael R. Holtel, Lawrence P. A. Burgess, and Leslie J. Peters. "Telehealth." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 12, no. 4 (November 2003): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2003/089).
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Telehealth offers the potential to meet the needs of underserved populations in remote regions. The purpose of this study was a proof-of-concept to determine whether voice therapy can be delivered effectively remotely. Treatment outcomes were evaluated for a vocal rehabilitation protocol delivered under 2 conditions: with the patient and clinician interacting within the same room (conventional group) and with the patient and clinician in separate rooms, interacting in real time via a hard-wired video camera and monitor (video teleconference group). Seventy-two patients with voice disorders served as participants. Based on evaluation by otolaryngologists, 31 participants were diagnosed with vocal nodules, 29 were diagnosed with edema, 9 were diagnosed with unilateral vocal fold paralysis, and 3 presented with vocal hyperfunction with no laryngeal pathology. Fifty-one participants (71%) completed the vocal rehabilitation protocol. Outcome measures included perceptual judgments of voice quality, acoustic analyses of voice, patient satisfaction ratings, and fiber-optic laryngoscopy. There were no differences in outcome measures between the conventional group and the remote video teleconference group. Participants in both groups showed positive changes on all outcome measures after completing the vocal rehabilitation protocol. Reasons for participants discontinuing therapy prematurely provided support for the telehealth model of service delivery.
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Soares, Rebecca R., Melissa R. Sieber, Katherine E. Talcott, Allen Chiang, and Sunir J. Garg. "A Comparative Analysis of Use of Google Glass versus. GoPro Intraoperative Video Recording of Scleral Buckle Surgery." Journal of Academic Ophthalmology 13, no. 02 (July 2021): e124-e128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733931.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Importance The scleral buckle technique is difficult to teach, given a decrease in the frequency of its use and the challenges of its video recording. Background This study compares two different modalities for recording intraoperative videos of scleral buckle surgery. Design Present study is a cross-sectional survey conducted in an academic hospital. Participants A total of 36 medical students, ophthalmologic residents, and vitreoretinal surgery fellows participated in this survey. Methods Five scleral buckle surgeries were filmed simultaneously using Google Glass and GoPro. Single-masked survey of trainees comparing video and audio quality of 38 10-second clips from each device, and listing the steps of scleral buckle surgery. Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Main Outcome Measures Trainees were asked for grading the video device with respect to audio and video quality as favorable or unfavorable. Results GoPro clips had more favorable ratings of video (73.3%) and audio (75.9%), compared with Google Glass (36.7 and 58.5%, respectively; p < 0.005). A total of 2.8% respondents listed the correct order of surgical steps in pretest, compared with 55.6% in posttest (p < 0.005). Conclusion and Relevance Wearable recording devices can allow for video recording of scleral buckle surgery which has high utility in teaching trainees. GoPro and Google Glass each have distinct advantages.