Journal articles: 'Victorian government secondary schools'

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Pardy, John, and Lesley F. Preston. "The great unraveling; restructuring and reorganising education and schooling in Victoria, 1980-1992." History of Education Review 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-03-2014-0025.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to trace the restructure of the Victorian Education Department in Australia during the years 1980-1992. It examines how the restructuring of the department resulted in a generational reorganization of secondary schooling. This reorganization culminated in the closure of secondary technical schools that today continues to have enduring effects on access and equity to different types of secondary schooling. Design/methodology/approach – The history is based on documentary and archival research and draws on publications from the State government of Victoria, Education Department/Ministry of Education Annual Reports and Ministerial Statements and Reviews, Teacher Union Archives, Parliamentary Debates and unpublished theses and published works. Findings – As an outcome the restructuring of the Victorian Education Department, schools and the reorganization of secondary schooling, a dual system of secondary schools was abolished. The introduction of a secondary colleges occurred through a process of rationalization of schools and what secondary schooling would entail. Originality/value – This study traces how, over a decade, eight ministers of education set about to reform education by dismantling and undoing the historical development of Victoria’s distinctive secondary schools system.

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Allen, Kelly-Ann, Margaret L. Kern, Dianne Vella-Brodrick, and Lea Waters. "Understanding the Priorities of Australian Secondary Schools Through an Analysis of Their Mission and Vision Statements." Educational Administration Quarterly 54, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x18758655.

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Purpose: The vision or mission statement of a school outlines the school’s purpose and defines the context, goals, and aspirations that govern the institution. Using vision and mission statements, the present descriptive research study investigated trends in Australian secondary schools’ priorities. Research Methods: A stratified sample of secondary school vision and mission statements across 308 schools from government, independent, and Catholic sectors in Victoria, Australia, was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Findings: Academic achievement was the most common theme, with school belonging and mental health promotion themes cited by over half of the schools. School belonging was emphasized more often by Catholic schools compared with independent and government schools, and by rural schools compared with urban schools. Implications: Australian schools are seemingly adopting a dual purpose: to be academic institutions and well-being enhancing institutions. Understanding the priorities of schools using vision and mission statements may guide researchers, administrators, and teachers about how to better meet the academic and psychological needs of the students. The priorities of schools also have implications for how research in this area is communicated to schools, and this study provides a method for capturing these priorities.

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Cain, Thomas, and John Hattie. "Attitudes to school and reading achievement among secondary school students." Australian Journal of Education 64, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004944119890139.

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This study analysed students’ attitudes towards school and the relationship between these attitudes and reading performance. Using a sample of 57,572 Year 7 and 9 students from 306 Victorian government schools, the analysis combined two de-identified data sets – students’ responses to the Student Attitudes to School Survey and their performance in NAPLAN reading assessments – from a single year (2017). The findings of this study demonstrate that a re-organisation of survey items into six new factors may represent student attitudes more usefully than the current 20-factor structure. Each of the six factors was found to relate to a set of demographic moderators. The results yielded statistically significant relationships between each attitude factor and reading achievement and growth. This study proposes a four-cluster model that groups schools with similar profiles across the six attitude factors. This model may improve the ability of the education system to interpret and analyse relative data and use these findings more effectively.

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Gannon, Rosalie. "Meeting students' needs through a whole school approach to pastoral care." Queensland Journal of Guidance and Counselling 4 (November 1990): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1030316200000248.

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Pastoral care is defined as being that element of the teaching process which centres around the individual needs and environmental forces which either facilitate or impede the all-round development of the individual child. Present Victorian State Government policy endorses the establishment of effective pastoral care systems in schools. Three hundred students in Years 7 and 10 in three Victorian secondary schools were surveyed in order to find out how well these schools were meeting the non-academic needs of their students. A two-way ANOVA indicated that the way in which students perceive their needs will be met differs across schools, and between year levels. The functional differences in pastoral care teachers' roles across the three schools are considered and support is given for the inclusion of the “Student Welfare Coordinator” role in the pastoral team. The conclusion reached suggests that an effective pastoral system provides for meeting the needs of individual students, but in doing so, teaches problem solving skills that will be of use outside the classroom.

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Reupert, Andrea, Joanne M. Deppeler, and Umesh Sharma. "Enablers for Inclusion: The Perspectives of Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder." Australasian Journal of Special Education 39, no. 1 (December 18, 2014): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jse.2014.17.

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Although home–school collaborations are important for inclusive education, most studies have identified the problems experienced by parents whose children have additional special needs. The aim of this study was to present the views of Australian parents, with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, regarding what they considered to be the enablers for inclusion, within the context of their experiences of a program of support in inclusive schools (a Victorian State Government initiative called the Inclusion Support Program). Four focus group interviews were conducted, within a phenomenological, qualitative paradigm, with 14 mothers, in rural and urban primary and secondary public schools. Parents identified various innovations including the provision of a safe space, structured school and free time, flexibility around timetable, curriculum and staffing and the provision of socially attractive activities. Another theme was the potential for schools to be a ‘catalyst point’ to bring together parents, teachers and community agencies. The importance of eliciting parental expertise is highlighted here.

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McLeod, Julie. "Experimenting with education: spaces of freedom and alternative schooling in the 1970s." History of Education Review 43, no. 2 (September 30, 2014): 172–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-03-2014-0019.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore philosophies of progressive education circulating in Australia in the period immediately following the expansion of secondary schools in the 1960s. It examines the rise of the alternative and community school movement of the 1970s, focusing on initiatives within the Victorian government school sector. It aims to better understand the realisation of progressive education in the design and spatial arrangements of schools, with specific reference to the re-making of school and community relations and new norms of the student-subject of alternative schooling. Design/methodology/approach – It combines historical analysis of educational ideas and reforms, focusing largely on the ideas of practitioners and networks of educators, and is guided by an interest in the importance of school space and place in mediating educational change and aspirations. It draws on published writings and reports from teachers and commentators in the 1970s, publications from the Victorian Department of Education, media discussions, internal and published documentation on specific schools and oral history interviews with former teachers and principals who worked at alternative schools. Findings – It shows the different realisation of radical aims in the set up of two schools, against a backdrop of wider innovations in state education, looking specifically at the imagined effects of re-arranging the physical and symbolic space of schooling. Originality/value – Its value lies in offering the beginnings of a history of 1970s educational progressivism. It brings forward a focus on the spatial dimensions of radical schooling, and moves from characterisation of a mood of change to illuminate the complexities of these ideas in the contrasting ambitions and design of two signature community schools.

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Keynton, Janice. "Classroom learners of Chinese in senior secondary school." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 41, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 280–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.17087.key.

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Abstract This study looks at the Chinese-learning experiences of six classroom learners who continued to the end of secondary school in Victoria, Australia, through in-depth interviews. Various systemic deterrents to continued Chinese language study are identified by the participants, including: (1) the schooling journey, including transition between primary and high school and disruption from uninterested students in compulsory classes; (2) the curriculum and the learning demands dictated by the form of assessment; (3) the risk of poor assessment results prejudicing post-school study options, in particular because the cohort includes large numbers of home speaker learners. In Victoria, Australia, a large part of what schools provide is dictated by the metasystem of education and the assessments at which it aims. Thus the structural deterrents to Chinese classroom learner continuation identified are within the power of government agencies to change, in order to enable more of these students to continue.

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Thomas, Ian. "Australian Tertiary Environmental Courses: A Status Report." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 9 (1993): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600003232.

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During the 1970s and 1980s there has been a growing awareness of the environment. This has been particularly evident in the general community through:• passing of environmental legislation;• growth in status of environment groups;• media coverage of environmental issues.As a result the direction of formal education has been influenced. For example, through the Victorian State Conservation Strategy, the community has indicated the direction for tertiary institutions, where one of the objectives of this strategy is to:promote and strengthen inter-disciplinary environmental education programs in schools and tertiary institutions. (Victorian Government, 1987, p.89)Similarly, the Australian Government's Ecologically Sustainable Development process (ESD) has proposed the incorporation of ESD, in tertiary curricular (Ecologically Sustainable Development Steering Committee, 1992).Linke (1979) has described the development of environmental education curricula during the 1970s whereby consideration of aspects of the environment became more common. Most activity was noted to be in primary and secondary sectors, however, at tertiary level a range of subjects focussing on the environment were apparent, as were several courses which were specifically designed to provide training in environmental understanding.

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Evans, Melissa, Leanne Lester, Richard Midford, Helen Walker Cahill, David Foxcroft, Robyn Waghorne, and Lynne Venning. "The impact of gender, socioeconomic status and locality on the development of student patterns of alcohol consumption and harm." Health Education 119, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-08-2018-0037.

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Purpose The consequences of problematic alcohol consumption fall heavily on Australian adolescents, with this population at increased risk of death, serious injury and other harm. Research regarding whether gender, socioeconomic status (SES) or locality play a role in young people’s alcohol consumption and related harm is limited in Australia. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether Victorian students’ patterns of alcohol uptake, consumption and related harm differed between gender, SES and locality. Design/methodology/approach The study involved secondary analysis of student data from the Drug Education in Victorian Schools harm minimisation drug education programme, undertaken in 21 Victorian government schools over three years The initial cohort of 1,752 students was followed during Years 8, 9 and 10, when their average age would have, respectively, been 13, 14 and 15 years. Findings There were no gender differences in drinking uptake, consumption or harm. Students with low SES were more likely to have consumed a full drink of alcohol and also experienced more alcohol-related harm. Students living in a regional/rural area were more likely to have engaged in high alcohol consumption. Originality/value The findings of this study highlighted that different student demographics have an impact on patterns of alcohol consumption, vulnerability and harm. Students with low SES, living in a regional/rural area, are more at risk than students with higher SES living in a fringe metro/major regional or metro area. Future school harm minimisation drug education programmes should consider the needs of students with demographics that make them more susceptible to higher consumption and harm.

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Iacono, Teresa, Carol McKinstry, Elena Wilson, Kerryn Bagley, and Amanda Kenny. "Designing and Rating Options for Special School Expertise to Support Mainstream Educational Inclusion." Australasian Journal of Special and Inclusive Education 44, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsi.2019.16.

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AbstractThe Victorian Government, Australia, committed to deliver recommendations from a review of the Program for Students with Disabilities. We report on the implementation of Recommendation 7: to explore options for how special schools could become ‘centres of expertise’ to support inclusion in mainstream schools. Informed by evidence reviews of inclusive education practices and interviews of special and mainstream staff and parents, stakeholders were engaged in a forum to develop a range of options. A larger sample of stakeholders then completed a survey to evaluate them. Forum attendees were parents, education staff, and allied health professionals from special and mainstream schools. They worked in small groups to develop options, which were later grouped into 5 categories. These options were entered into an online survey for distribution to a wider group of stakeholders. Survey respondents were 142 stakeholders from special (71%) and mainstream primary and secondary schools (parents, education staff, and allied health professionals). They rated each option, such that 8 with high ratings for feasibility and acceptability were recommended to support inclusive mainstream education through utilisation of special school expertise. The final list of options focused on collaboration, development, and coordination of networks of special and mainstream schools, and building capacity and leadership to support mainstream schools to meet diverse student need.

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Murphy, Steve. "The Impact of School Disadvantage on Senior Secondary Science: a Study of Patterns of Participation and Achievement in Government Secondary Schools in Victoria, Australia." Research in Science Education 50, no. 4 (June 29, 2018): 1603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11165-018-9745-4.

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Thielking, Monica, and Shane R. Jimerson. "Perspectives Regarding the Role of School Psychologists: Perceptions of Teachers, Principals, and School Psychologists in Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.16.2.211.

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AbstractSchool psychologists have a unique and multifaceted role within schools and must work with a variety of stakeholders. Therefore, it is important to explore and understand the perspectives of other educational professionals regarding the roles of school psychologists. This study examined the perspectives of principals (N = 21), teachers (N = 86), and school psychologists (N = 81) regarding what they believe should be the role of school psychologists. Participants were working in Catholic, Independent, and Government primary and secondary schools across Victoria, Australia. Results revealed both similarities and differences between the three groups regarding perspectives about school psychologists' role. For instance, the three groups shared similar perspectives that school psychologists should: (a) conduct research on issues relevant to the school, (b) be up-to-date on relevant research, (c) conduct psychological assessments, (d) provide counselling to students, (e) organise group programs for students, (f) organise workshops and provide information to teachers on issues of students' welfare and (g) inform primary students' parents of their child's participation in counselling. However, the three groups also differed in their perspectives about some aspects of the school psychologists' role. It was notable that each of the differences in perceptions between the groups had implications for potential ethical dilemmas, for instance: (a) boundaries, (b) dual relationship, (c) confidentiality/who is the client? and (d) informed consent. Implications for practice and scholarship in the field of school psychology are discussed.

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Merkes, Monika. "Examples of Exemplary Practice in Adolescent Primary Health Care." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 1 (1998): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98004.

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As one of seven projects funded by the Victorian Government Department of Human Services to investigate exemplary practice in adolescent health, a study was undertaken in the Department's office in the Northern Metropolitan Region that examined two existing primary health projects: the Keeping in Touch with Schools (KITS) Project, auspiced by the Eltham Community Health Centre and Diamond Valley Secondary College in the City of Nillumbik, and the Youth Counselling Awareness and Support (YCAS) Project, auspiced by Kildonan Family Services in the City of Whittlesea. Proiect features that were explored included elements and type of service, referral pathways and linkages, consumer satisfaction and other service outcomes, elements critical to success, obstacles, supervision and staff training, standards and guidelines, planning and evaluation, promotion of the service, and organisational structure. The study found that a combination of characteristics contributed to the success of the two projects that were examined. These pertain to skills and expertise of staff, flexibility of the service, cost, the type of service model, co-location with other services, linkages and partnerships, outputs and outcomes, feedback, management structure, standards and guidelines, planning processes, and evaluation.

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Thompson, Emma J., Miriam H. Beauchamp, Simone J. Darling, Stephen J. C. Hearps, Amy Brown, George Charalambous, Louise Crossley, et al. "Protocol for a prospective, school-based standardisation study of a digital social skills assessment tool for children: The Paediatric Evaluation of Emotions, Relationships, and Socialisation (PEERS) study." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e016633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016633.

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BackgroundHumans are by nature a social species, with much of human experience spent in social interaction. Unsurprisingly, social functioning is crucial to well-being and quality of life across the lifespan. While early intervention for social problems appears promising, our ability to identify the specific impairments underlying their social problems (eg, social communication) is restricted by a dearth of accurate, ecologically valid and comprehensive child-direct assessment tools. Current tools are largely limited to parent and teacher ratings scales, which may identify social dysfunction, but not its underlying cause, or adult-based experimental tools, which lack age-appropriate norms. The present study describes the development and standardisation of Paediatric Evaluation of Emotions, Relationships, and Socialisation(PEERS®), an iPad-based social skills assessment tool.MethodsThe PEERS project is a cross-sectional study involving two groups: (1) a normative group, recruited from early childhood, primary and secondary schools across metropolitan and regional Victoria, Australia; and (2) a clinical group, ascertained from outpatient services at The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne (RCH). The project aims to establish normative data for PEERS®, a novel and comprehensive app-delivered child-direct measure of social skills for children and youth. The project involves recruiting and assessing 1000 children aged 4.0–17.11 years. Assessments consist of an intellectual screen, PEERS® subtests, and PEERS-Q, a self-report questionnaire of social skills. Parents and teachers also complete questionnaires relating to participants’ social skills. Main analyses will comprise regression-based continuous norming, factor analysis and psychometric analysis of PEERS® and PEERS-Q.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained through the RCH Human Research Ethics Committee (34046), the Victorian Government Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (002318), and Catholic Education Melbourne (2166). Findings will be disseminated through international conferences and peer-reviewed journals. Following standardisation of PEERS®, the tool will be made commercially available.

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Hind, Ian. "School Global Budgeting in Victorian Government Schools." Australian Economic Review 29, no. 4 (October 1996): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.1996.tb00948.x.

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Faulkner, Michael. "J. R. McLeod: An innovating school psychologist, in Victorian government schools." Melbourne Studies in Education 41, no. 1 (May 2000): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17508480009556346.

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Wheeler, Peter, Lee Gordon-Brown, Jim Peterson, and Marianne Ward. "Geographical information systems in Victorian secondary schools: current constraints and opportunities." International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education 19, no. 2 (June 8, 2010): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2010.482229.

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Doyani, Illiya Babaraus, Inusa Musa, Buhari Ayuba, Sammuel Jenom Bulus, and Emmannuel Sammuel Danjuma. "ANALYSIS OF GEO-SPATIAL DATABASE AND DISTRIBUTION OF GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS’ USING GIS IN CHIKUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 3 (September 12, 2020): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-275.

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Provision of education as a global social service is champion by the public sector. Where these education facilities are located influences their utilization and efficiency. Proximity to these facilities also influences decisions to seek and patronize them. The study analyzes the geo-spatial database and distribution of Government Secondary Schools, using GIS in Chikun Local Government Area. 28 Government Secondary Schools were identified. Their geographic coordinates were established by the use of GPS device and mapped out. The data generated from the field was used to create geo-database of Government Secondary Schools. From the study, 51.4% of registered students were enrolled in the Government Junior Secondary Schools cadre while 58.6% was in Government Senior Secondary Schools. 79% of the student’s enrolments were concentrated in three communities. Nasarawa community was 43.3%, Sabo-Tasha community was 19.4% and Narayi community was 16.5%. These communities form part of Kaduna metropolis with evidence of high population concentration. Queries from the database show only 21.4% of the Schools were with fenced, 7.1% of the schools were with school halls, 25% of the schools were with school libraries and 14.3% of the schools were with computers. The distribution pattern was found to be appearing not different than random using the ArcGIS auto-correlation analysis tool. Government Secondary Schools in the study area appear to be poorly equipped for conducive learning experience. Therefore, the study recommends schools expansion, provision of new schools and upgrading existing schools to standard by all stakeholders.

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Mulcahy, Dianne. "Policy matters: de/re/territorialising spaces of learning in Victorian government schools." Journal of Education Policy 31, no. 1 (October 12, 2015): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2015.1099077.

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Hooper, Carole. "Access and exclusivity in nineteenth-century Victorian schools." History of Education Review 45, no. 1 (June 6, 2016): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-02-2014-0010.

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Purpose – In the mid nineteenth-century Victorian government-aided schools were patronised by a broad spectrum of the community, many of whom sought a higher, or “middle-class”, education for their children. The various educational boards responsible for the administration of the public system, while not objecting to the provision of advanced tuition, were determined to ensure it was not offered on a socially selective basis. The purpose of this paper is to examine how accusations that some schools had engaged in socially selective practices led to the eventual removal of higher subjects from the curriculum. Design/methodology/approach – Documentary evidence, particularly the correspondence between the central educational boards and the local school committees, is examined to assess the validity of the claims and counter claims made by those involved. Findings – It appears that administrators used accusations of social exclusion to justify the removal of advanced subjects from the curriculum; with the result that it was not until state high schools were established early in the twentieth century that a higher education was again offered in the public sector. Originality/value – The paper looks at an area of educational provision that has attracted little attention from researchers.

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Wataba, Hellen Kabasinguzi, and Nafiu Lukman Abiodun. "Boards of Governors' Roles and Management of Government Aided Secondary Schools in Kyenjojo District, Uganda." INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF EDUCATION (IJE) 1, no. 2 (December 26, 2018): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53449/ije.v1i2.61.

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This study sought to establish the relationship between boards of governors' (BOGs) roles and management of government aided secondary schools in Kyenjojo District. The objectives were to establish the relationship between BOGs' planning role and management of government aided secondary schools, to establish the relationship between BOGs' supervisory role and management of government aided secondary schools, to establish the relationship between BOGs' control role and management of government aided secondary schools; and to determine the major predictor of management of government aided secondary schools out of the three aspects of BOGs' roles. A correlational research design was used. A total of 90 respondents drawn from 108 BOGs and nine head teachers were selected as sample for the study using stratified random sampling and census inquiry respectively. The instruments used were questionnaire and interview guide. Quantitative data was analysed using Pearson product-moment correlation and regression, while thematic analysis was used on qualitative data. The study found a statistically moderate positive and significant relationship between BOGs' planning role and management of government aided secondary schools (r=.626, p=.000); a statistically moderate positive and significant relationship between BOGs' supervisory role and management of government aided secondary schools(r=.591, p=.000); and a statistically weak positive and significant relationship between BOGs' control role and management of government aided secondary schools(r=.280, p=.015). All the three aspects of BOGs roles account for 38.4% of the influence on management of government aided secondary schools in Kyenjojo district (adjusted r2=0.384, p=.000). The researchers recommend that BOGs should be well trained in management of schools in order to be effective in their work. Head teachers should not be dictators but create a conducive climate for planning, supervision and control by the BOGs.

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Dorman, Jeffrey P., Barry J. Fraser, and Campbell J. Mcrobbie. "Classroom Environment in Australian Catholic and Government Secondary Schools." Curriculum and Teaching 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7459/ct/12.1.02.

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Higginson, Joanne, Julie McLeod, and Fazal Rizvi. "Globally mobile middle class lives in government secondary schools." Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 40, no. 5 (February 1, 2019): 633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2019.1573887.

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Wong, Marina WY. "Developing Macau’s junior secondary schools music curriculum." International Journal of Music Education 36, no. 4 (June 15, 2018): 574–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0255761418774907.

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For centuries, Macau’s schooling has embraced laissez-faire market principles, a stasis that from AY2016/17 is being changed by the government offering schools tuition coupons conditional on their adoption of a common school curriculum. A study of part of this new common curriculum, the development of a music curriculum for junior secondary schools in Macau, addresses three research questions: (a) What are music teachers’ perceptions and how do these frame the implementation of Macau’s common music curriculum? (b) Do music teachers’ expectations align with those of the central government? (c) Do music teachers perceive that they impact on or are impacted by this innovation? Discussion of the findings highlights a controversy about the role of teachers within curriculum development – should teachers be center staged (Lawton (2012 [1980]) or is this view an oversimplification based on false assumptions of a social democratic tradition (Whitty (1985, 2012 [1981])?

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Alonge, Bolarinwa Dapo, Onajite Godwin Onnoh, Ogunmilade Johnson Olusesean, Olaoye Ajiboye Ojo, and Olaniyi Oladele Nathaniel. "Working Conditions and Salary as Correlates of Teachers’ Productivity in Government-Owned Secondary Schools in Emure Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria." Journal of Educational Issues 6, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v6i1.16400.

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The poor performance of candidates in external examination between 2014 and 2018 could be an indication of low productivity of teachers. The research study examined the influence of working conditions and salary on teachers’ productivity in government owned secondary schools in Emure Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The descriptive research of the survey type was employed for the research study. The population for this research study was seven government-owned secondary schools while the sample was four government-owned secondary schools. The research study found out the relationship between working conditions and teachers’ productivity; salary and teachers’ productivity in government-owned secondary schools in Emure Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Validated instruments tagged, “Working Conditions and Salary Questionnaire” (WCSQ) and “Teachers’ Productivity Questionnaire” (TPQ) were used to collect data from sample of 80 respondents. Simple random sampling technique was used to select four secondary schools while, proportional sampling technique was used to select 80 teachers. The research study revealed that there was significant relationship between working conditions and teachers’ productivity; salary and teachers’ productivity. This research study has shown that working conditions and salary had influence on teachers’ productivity.

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Beytekin, Osman, and Hussein Chipala. "The Quality Standardization of Teachers in Malawi Government Secondary Schools." British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjesbs/2015/18207.

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Sharma, Anuradha, and Surbhi a. "PREVALENCE OF SCHOOL VIOLENCE IN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CHANDIGARH." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 05–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13368.

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Violence in schools is a pervasive problem and one that requires greater attention from educators, policy makers, and researchers. The present study aimed at finding the rate of prevalence of different types of violence such as student to student, teachers to the student, and student to teachers in government and private schools. For this data was collected from the students of government and private schools of Chandigarh. It was found that the rate of school violence was high in both government and private schools. The details of various forms of violence have been given in this paper. In the end, a few recommendations have been suggested to prevent it.

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Choudhury, Mehnaz Tazeen. "An Exploration of Classroom Practices in Secondary Schools." Shanlax International Journal of English 7, no. 4 (August 31, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v7i4.621.

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This study was undertaken in the secondary schools of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Students from Bengali medium schools of Bangladesh do not achieve even a minimal amount of proficiency in English even after completing high school. Moreover, they are seen to remain teacher dependent even at tertiary level. Learner autonomy is seen as a crucial need of the time in the context of Bangladesh. Either classroom practices or teacher beliefs, or both are responsible for this state of affairs. Therefore, it became imperative to research to find out the classroom practices of English language teachers and see whether they were autonomy supportive. This was exploratory qualitative research, and the participants were class VII English language teachers from five government and non-government Bengali medium schools. Classroom observations and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. Findings of this study have implications for teacher training programs and how they need to be redesigned to bring about a change in teacher beliefs and approaches.

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Tenbus, Eric G. "Defending the Faith through Education: The Catholic Case for Parental and Civil Rights in Victorian Britain." History of Education Quarterly 48, no. 3 (August 2008): 432–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2008.00158.x.

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The struggle to provide primary education for the Catholic poor in England and Wales dominated the agenda of English Catholic leaders in the last half of the nineteenth century. This effort occurred within the larger framework of a national educational revolution that slowly pushed the government into providing public education for the first time. Although state education grants at the elementary level began in 1833, lingering problems forced the government to establish a new era of educational provision with the controversial Education Act of 1870. This act created a dual education system consisting of the long-standing denominational schools operated by the different churches and new rate-supported board schools, operated by local school boards, providing no religious instruction or nondenominational religious instruction. In the closing years of the nineteenth century, the dual system grew intolerable for Catholics because local rates (property taxes) only supported the board schools and gave them almost unlimited funding while Catholic schools struggled to make ends meet on school pence and shrinking state grants, which Catholics had only had access to beginning in 1847.

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Ajadi, Olugbenga. "Teachers’ Characteristics and Instructional Quality in Public Secondary Schools in Nigeria." African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (May 16, 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v2i1.822.

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Worldwide, the importance of quality instruction in schools cannot be underestimated. However, over the years, the instructional quality in Nigerian public secondary schools seems persistently low, and worrisome based on the academic performance of students in external examinations. This has continued to be a subject of concern to individuals, the public, government, and other stakeholders. This study investigates teachers’ characteristics and the instructional quality in public secondary schools in Nigeria. A hypothesis was formulated and tested in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from teachers and principals, as well as to assess the instructional quality in Nigerian public secondary schools. A total of 2,222 respondents (1,548 teachers and 774 principals) were sampled using both simple random and census sampling techniques respectively across the 774 Local Government Areas in Nigeria. The results show that teachers’ characteristics have a significant influence on the instructional quality in public secondary schools in Nigeria. The study recommends that government should prioritise teacher professionalism and employ only certificated teachers to teach in secondary schools in Nigeria geared toward achieving an improved instructional quality.

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Ajadi, Olugbenga. "Teachers’ Characteristics and Instructional Quality in Public Secondary Schools in Nigeria." African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (May 16, 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v2i1.822.

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Worldwide, the importance of quality instruction in schools cannot be underestimated. However, over the years, the instructional quality in Nigerian public secondary schools seems persistently low, and worrisome based on the academic performance of students in external examinations. This has continued to be a subject of concern to individuals, the public, government, and other stakeholders. This study investigates teachers’ characteristics and the instructional quality in public secondary schools in Nigeria. A hypothesis was formulated and tested in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from teachers and principals, as well as to assess the instructional quality in Nigerian public secondary schools. A total of 2,222 respondents (1,548 teachers and 774 principals) were sampled using both simple random and census sampling techniques respectively across the 774 Local Government Areas in Nigeria. The results show that teachers’ characteristics have a significant influence on the instructional quality in public secondary schools in Nigeria. The study recommends that government should prioritise teacher professionalism and employ only certificated teachers to teach in secondary schools in Nigeria geared toward achieving an improved instructional quality.

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Juliana, Enemuo Chinwe, Anyaduba Obiagelijacquilin, and Dr Ezeaka Nonye Benedeth. "Impact of The Application of Audio-Visual Aids in Improving Teaching and Learning of Computer Science in Senior Secondary Schools in Awka North Local Government Area in Anambra State." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss8.1662.

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The purpose of the study is to identify the impact of the application of audiovisual aids in improving teaching and learning of computer science in Senior Secondary School in Awka North Local Government Area of Anambra State. Out of 1500 Secondary Schools in Awka North Local Government Area. Seventy (70) Students from Senior Secondary School (SS1) students were selected using random sampling technique to serve as the sample. Structured questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Mean and percentage were employed for data analysis. The major findings are that, Audio visual materials are not usually available for teaching and learning of computer science in senior secondary schools. Using audio visual materials in teaching and learning of computer science has positive effects on students’ academic performance. Audio visual aids have a lot of benefits in improving qualitative computer education in senior secondary schools. Government and other citizens should provide audio visual materials to secondary schools in Nigeria. Experienced and qualified computer science teachers at least with Nigeria Certificate in Nigeria (NCE) should be employed to teach in secondary schools in Nigeria. School authorities should always checkmate whether teachers make use of audio visual aids in teaching.

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Meiklejohn, Sarah, Tammie Choi, Anna Peeters, Lisa Ryan, and Claire Palermo. "Policymakers’ perspectives on designing school-based health initiatives for Victorian adolescents." Health Promotion International 35, no. 6 (March 10, 2020): 1462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daaa020.

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Abstract Initiatives based on the Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework have previously been successful in improving health and well-being yet there is little evidence of how these findings translate into policy. This study therefore aimed to analyse the political considerations that underpinned policymakers’ decisions for the design and implementation of a programme based on HPS in middle and high schools in Victoria, Australia. Interpretive policy analysis was undertaken using interviews with a purposive sample of government and non-government policy actors. Interviews explored factors influencing programme design and implementation and were analysed using thematic analysis. Ten in-depth interviews, including 11 participants, were conducted. The analysis revealed four themes. The Achievement Program was designed through (i) the establishment of strategic collaborations and good governance, involving people that made valuable and diverse contributions to the design process while acknowledging their (ii) positions of power, (iii) ensuring careful attention was paid to evidence-informed programme design and (iv) incorporation of real-time feedback from other settings. Policymakers believe this approach has the potential to improve policy adoption. There is a need to explore if this approach to policy development influences adherence and improves health outcomes.

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Zayim-Kurtay, Merve, and Chang Zhu. "School leaders’ perspectives on government-initiated changes in Flemish secondary schools." Journal of Educational Administration and History 51, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 352–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220620.2019.1605342.

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Osagie, Roseline O. "FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION POLICY IN PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN EDO STATE." Sokoto Educational Review 16, no. 1 (June 28, 2015): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35386/ser.v16i1.59.

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The government policy directive to secondary schools has been to diversify their programs to include vocational and technical education in the 6-3-3-4 system in order to make provision for students with varying aptitudes. This article explores the impact of this policy by examining some factors affecting the implementation of the policy in private secondary schools in Edo state. Subjects for the study were fifty (50) students, fifty (50) teachers and five (5) principals randomly drawn from five(5) private secondary schools in Edo State. The study utilized interviews, observations and a questionnaire to assess the implementation of government policy onvocational and technical education in private secondary schools in Edo State. The findings showed that there was a dearth of qualified teachers for vocational and technical subjects, poor infrastructure, lack of equipment, instructional materials and books. The schools were not adequately financed. It was observed that the federal government did not make adequate preparations before it issued directives for the take off of the programs in the schools. Recommendations were made for the federal government to sensitize the public on the importance of vocational and technical education, as it plays a vital and indispensable role in the economic and technological development of the country.

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Babie, Paul. "Religious Freedom and Education in Australian Schools." Laws 10, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10010007.

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This article examines the constitutional allocation of power over primary and secondary education in Australia, and the place of and protection for freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) in Australian government and religious non-government schools. This article provides both an overview of the judicial treatment of the constitutional, legislative, and common law protection for FoRB and a consideration of emerging issues in religious freedom in both government and religious non-government schools, suggesting that the courts may soon be required to provide guidance as to how the available protections operate in both settings.

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Ms. Minakshi Rabha, Dr Moyuri Sarma,. "An Investigation on Attitude Towards Learning Mathematics Among Higher Secondary School Students." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 6393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.3165.

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While assessing mathematics performance, attitude towards mathematics and Mathematics learning are frequently cited as factors contributing to success. The present study has been conducted to investigate students’ attitude towards learning mathematics in the higher secondary schools of Assam, India. It is sought to understand the influence of Gender and School Environment (Government and Private) in the study of the subject Mathematics. ATMS (Attitude Towards Mathematics Scale), developed by Dr. S. C. Gakhar, and Dr. Rajni was used to find out the attitude of students towards learning mathematics and their achievement in mathematics both in terms of gender as well as school management pattern. Out of a population of 340 students studying at the higher secondary (10+1) level in the Balijana Block of Goalpara District, a sample of 102 students (56 boys and 46 girls) were selected through Stratified Random sampling technique. One Provincialized, one Government and two Private schools were selected based on purposive sampling technique. The achievement of the students in Mathematics at higher secondary level depends on the gender of the students. The study revealed that achievement level of the male students in Mathematics at higher secondary level is more than that of their female counterparts. The achievement of the students in Mathematics at higher secondary level depends on the school environment. The achievement level of the students in private schools is better than the Government schools. The male students show more positive attitude towards learning Mathematics than the female students. Among the eight components, in few components students of Government schools show more positive attitude than Private schools. Whereas, in some components students of Private schools show more positive attitude than students of Government schools. Therefore, attitudes towards mathematics can be developed through encouraging students and motivating them for learning through constructivism and innovations. Teachers, school environment and home environment should be conducive and shouldn’t hamper students’ mathematical performance throughout their schooling

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Humaira Akram, Prof. Dr. Samina Malik, and Prof. Dr. Nabi Bux Jumani. "Comparison of the Knowledge of Technology, Pedagogy and Content of Educators at Secondary Level." sjesr 4, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol4-iss1-2021(164-171).

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The innovative trends in 21st-century instruction have altered the entire landscape of pedagogy. Hence, this worldview move requires technological information and expertise from educators along with knowledge of instructional content. The main topic of the research work is based on a new, interdisciplinary framework for educators' knowledge of technological integration, the professed knowledge of modern equipment, art of teaching, and material. This structure is centered on Shulman's concept of knowledge of instructional material i.e. PCK to comprise information about modern equipment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to; assess and compare the technical instructional and material understanding (TPACK) of IT educators in government and non-government schools. This study has followed a quantitative research approach. The target population comprised of all IT educators working in government and non-government high schools in the urban area of Islamabad. Using a proportionate stratified random sampling technique, 32 IT educators (from government schools) and 40 IT educators (from non-government schools) were selected for sampling. Data were collected using a self-developed research tool. Data analysis was steered using descriptive & inferential statistics. Outcomes of the study specified a noteworthy variance of government with non-government CS educators -about Technological Knowledge (TK), Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Technical Pedagogic Know-how (TPK) nevertheless, non-noteworthy variance regarding Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) and TPACK.

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Mulcahy, Dianne. "Re/assembling spaces of learning in Victorian government schools: policy enactments, pedagogic encounters and micropolitics." Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 36, no. 4 (November 10, 2014): 500–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2014.978616.

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Gibson, Dianne, Louise Paatsch, and Dianne Toe. "An Analysis of the Role of Teachers’ Aides in a State Secondary School: Perceptions of Teaching Staff and Teachers’ Aides." Australasian Journal of Special Education 40, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jse.2015.11.

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In Victoria, Australia, one of the major roles of the teachers’ aide (TA) is to assist students with disabilities to access their education. Researchers have identified the inconsistencies in defining the roles of the TA, in a variety of settings, by TAs, teachers, parents, and other research participants. Four main themes that have been frequently reported in educational research related to the role of TAs formed the basis for this study: (a) inclusion in the school community, (b) curriculum, (c) classroom management, and (d) student support.Drawing on the results of a questionnaire administered to teachers and TAs at a government nonselective secondary school in Victoria, Australia, data were collected to explore the differing perspectives on the role of the TAs by the teaching staff and the TAs. In all, 65 individuals participated in this study. The participants formed 3 groups: TAs (n = 10), teachers (n = 49), and T/TAs (n = 6; participants in this group had worked as both a teacher and TA). The results of the study showed a diversity of views across the 4 themes. In 3 of the 4 themes that included inclusion, classroom management, and student support, the 3 groups agreed on the role of the TA. In the remaining theme, curriculum, opinions varied significantly. The results of the study reveal that a concerted effort to clarify the role of TAs would be beneficial to all stakeholders.

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Burke, Harry. "Marching backwards into the future: the introduction of the English creative music movement in state secondary schools in Victoria, Australia." British Journal of Music Education 31, no. 1 (September 2, 2013): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051713000235.

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In 1910, Victoria established an elite form of state secondary education that remained essentially unchanged until the introduction of a progressive curriculum during the late 1960s. This radical and voluntary curriculum introduced child-centred learning and personal development skills to state secondary schools. Many state secondary music teachers took advantage of the reform and introduced the English creative music movement (Rainbow, 1989). As music teachers were unfamiliar with progressive education they would require extensive retraining. Continual disruption to state secondary education during the 1970s, together with the lack of expertise in progressive music education in the Victorian Education Department led to music teachers being given little assistance in developing strategies for teaching creative music. No rationale was developed for creative music education until the late 1980s. As research in music education was in its infancy in Australia during the late 1960s, teachers had little understanding of the difficulties faced by many creative music teachers in England in regard to students developing traditional skills, for example music notation and performance-based skills. Dissatisfaction with progressive education led to the introduction of standards-based education in 1995. Progressive educational theories were no longer considered an important goal. Similar to the late 1960s Victorian education reforms, music teachers received little assistance from the Victorian Education Department. The introduction of standards-based Arts education has seriously reduced the teaching of classroom music throughout the state, leaving many classroom music programmes in a perilous position that is analogous to state music education before the introduction of progressive education in the late 1960s.

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Amatsimbi, Herberth Misigo, and D. Neville Masika. "Pioneer Friends Harambee Schools in Western Kenya." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol1.iss4.128.

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Friends African Mission (FAM) set forth an education department to train corps of African teachers- evangelists. The pioneer teacher-evangelists formed the basis of a new Luhyia elite that helped transform Luhyia society. And as education became more relevant in the emerging colonial structure, African Christians began to demand for more schools, learning in English and higher education, at a pace that neither the government nor the missionaries could match. Consequently, African Christians began thinking of establishing government and missionary supported independent schools. The case of the proposed Mbale School and the successive establishment of Chavakali day secondary school illustrate this point. The influence of the Chavakali experiment on secondary education in Kenya was deep and lasting, because it revealed what local self-help could achieve.

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Caleb, Onah. "ONAH, C. IMPACT OF CULTISM ON MANAGEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN MAKURDI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BENUE STATE." Matters of Behaviour 8, no. 9 (March 25, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26455/mob.v8i9.49.

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This research examined the Impact of Cultism on Management of Secondary Schools in Makurdi Local government areas of Benue State. Three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated and tested. 1375 teachers from 10 public secondary schools in Makurdi L.G.A were selected. A well-structured questionnaire titled Cultism and Management of Secondary Schools Questionnaire (CMSSQ) was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Mean and standard deviations to answer the research questions, while chi-square (X2) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 levels of significances. The findings showed that cultism has an impact on the management of secondary schools in Makurdi Local Government Area. Based on the result of the findings, it was recommended that. Head teachers need to share their vision with other staff in the school as this improves primary school teachers’ levels of job satisfaction. Also, a mentoring program is strongly recommended for newly appointed and underperforming serving head teachers. Keywords: Management, Cultism, Benue State, Schools

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Mabula, Nkuba. "Career Services Provision to Secondary School Students in Tanzania: Is it a dream or Reality?" International Journal of Learning and Development 2, no. 2 (April 21, 2012): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v2i2.1674.

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Career services provision include all actions which deal with giving students information and psychological assistance that may directly affect their decisions and choices which these individuals are about to make on their schooling and employment. The purpose of this study was to examine the status of career services provision and its role on career decision making among high school students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania by comparing career services provision in government and international schools. Specifically, the study intended to identify the career programs available to students in schools, students’ career knowledge and the contribution of career programs and career knowledge to students’ career decision making. The study was conducted in six secondary schools using a sample of 322 students. The data from students were collected through a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions. The results revealed that students in international schools had access to many career programs and they have better knowledge on careers as compared to students in government schools. It was therefore concluded that, career services provision in international schools is to some degrees a reality as opposed to government schools where career services provision is still a dream. It is suggested that, future research can observe the role of career services provision in secondary schools to students’ ability to make relevant course choices in higher learning institutions.

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Watson, Louise, and Chris Ryan. "Choosers and Losers: The Impact of Government Subsidies on Australian Secondary Schools." Australian Journal of Education 54, no. 1 (April 2010): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494411005400107.

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Yi, Hongmei, Linxiu Zhang, Chengfang Liu, James Chu, Prashant Loyalka, May Maani, and Jianguo Wei. "How Are Secondary Vocational Schools in China Measuring up to Government Benchmarks?" China & World Economy 21, no. 3 (May 2013): 98–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-124x.2013.12024.x.

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Mohammed, Mohammed A., and Saeed M. Al-Qashbri. "Actuality of Out Classrooms Activities in the Secondary Schools in Aden Government." Journal of Educational & Psychological Sciences 11, no. 04 (December 4, 2010): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/jeps/110402.

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Felix, Omemu. "Correlates of Effective Instructional Supervision in Bayelsa State Secondary Schools." World Journal of Education 7, no. 4 (August 14, 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wje.v7n4p40.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the correlates of effective instructional supervision in secondary schools inBayelsa State. A critical examination of all the policies and personnel put in place by the government to achieve theaim of supervision of instruction in secondary school in Bayelsa State were elucidated. The study involved empiricaldesign with the stratified population of fifteen (15) secondary schools, comprising three hundred (300) teachers andsixty (60) supervisors (Principals) randomly selected from three geo-political zones (Sub divided into: Riverine,Upland and Midland). The research instrument used for the study was rating scale consisting of five (3) researchquestions. The analysis involved the use of mean and standard deviation, why the hypotheses were analyzed usingZ-test at 0.05 level of significance.The results of the analysis indicated that: demography, status/personality and perceptions are not a major factor thatinfluences supervision of instruction in schools, but quality and number of teachers, incentives and motivation,quality and number of supervisors, and school location are the correlates factors that influence supervision ofinstruction in schools. Conclusively, the researcher recommends that supervision is very important for effectiveinstruction in secondary schools and that government should provide all it takes to motivate teachers as to enhanceregulation of supervision of instruction.

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Mutea, Harun Kaumbuthu, Thomas Anyanje Senaji, and Nancy Gacheri Rintari. "Influence Of Regulative Pressures On Strategy Implementation In Public Secondary Schools In Selected Counties In Kenya." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 4 (April 24, 2021): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.84.9987.

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Preparation of strategic plans and their implementation in public secondary schools is mandatory for all schools in Kenya. However, the implementation is a challenge to the majority of the schools hence the need to investigate the factors that influence it. Being a relatively new management practice in public secondary schools, empirical studies in this area are limited. Drawing from the institutional theory, we conducted a descriptive structured self-administered questionnaire survey to determine the influence of regulative pressures on strategy implementation in public secondary schools. We further, examined the moderating effect of mimetic pressures on this relationship. We found that public secondary schools experienced moderate regulative pressures from the government to implement strategies and that through binary logistic regression model, regulative pressure significantly predicted the probability of successful strategy implementation (Wald = 13.682, df = 1, p < .001, exp (B) = 3.393). However, mimetic pressures did not significantly moderate the relation between regulative pressure and strategy implementation (Wald = .098, df = 1, p = .754 > .05, exp (B) =.737). Theoretically the study contributes to the scarce empirical literature on strategy implementation from the institutional theory perspective compared to strategy formulation. Practically, the study draws attention of stakeholders to the less investigated factors that influence strategy implementation namely: the regulative pressures. These findings have implications for government to strengthen the monitoring of public secondary schools to increase the likelihood of successful strategy implementation in public secondary schools.

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Pawlak, Robert. "School Reforms and Educational Inequalities in Post-Communist Poland." Filosofiya osvity. Philosophy of Education 19, no. 2 (December 23, 2016): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2016-19-2-189-205.

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The paper is devoted to the presentation of the results of a study about stratification in the school system in Poland. The research was conducted in Krakow, the former capital of Poland, in 2011-2012. The data come from statistics on local education system, individual in-depth interviews with school masters and teachers from lower secondary schools as well as politicians representing the local government. Special attention was paid to school recruitment policies, unequal access to education for students from different backgrounds, and the local government strategy for education. As a result, three types of lower secondary schools were identified: 1) elite non-public schools; 2) the best public lower secondary schools and 3) schools for students from poor families, facing enormous problems and substantial educational needs. We concluded that the education policy of the local authorities of Krakow is not effective in terms of equalization of opportunities of the children and youth from socially neglected and marginalized communities.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Victorian government secondary schools'

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