Academic literature on the topic 'Victorian era – diseases'
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Journal articles on the topic "Victorian era – diseases"
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Mathers, John C. "Impact of nutrition on the ageing process." British Journal of Nutrition 113, S1 (November 21, 2014): S18—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514003237.
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Human life expectancy has been increasing steadily for almost two centuries and is now approximately double what it was at the beginning of the Victorian era. This remarkable demographic change has been accompanied by a shift in disease prevalence so that age is now the major determinant of most common diseases. The challenge is to enhance healthy ageing and to reduce the financial and social burdens associated with chronic ill health in later life. Studies in model organisms have demonstrated that the ageing phenotype arises because of the accumulation of macromolecular damage within the cell and that the ageing process is plastic. Nutritional interventions that reduce such damage, or which enhance the organism's capacity to repair damage, lead to greater longevity and to reduced risk of age-related diseases. Dietary (energy) restriction increases lifespan in several model organisms, but it is uncertain whether it is effective in primates, including humans. However, excess energy storage leading to increased adiposity is a risk factor for premature mortality and for age-related diseases so that obesity prevention is likely to be a major public health route to healthy ageing. In addition, adherence to healthy eating patterns, such as the Mediterranean dietary pattern, is associated with longevity and reduced risk of age-related diseases.
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Spicer, Chrystopher J. "Weep for the Coming of Men: Epidemic and Disease in Anglo-Western Colonial Writing of the South Pacific." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 20, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.20.1.2021.3783.
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During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, epidemics ravaged South Pacific islands after contact with Westerners. With no existing immunity to introduced diseases, consequent death tolls on these remote islands were catastrophic. During that period, a succession of significant Anglo-Western writers visited the South Pacific region: Herman Melville, Robert Louis Stevenson, Louis Becke, Jack London, and Fredrick O’Brien. In a remarkable literary conjunction, they each successively visited the Marquesas Islands, which became for them a microcosm of the epidemiological disaster they were witnessing across the Pacific. Instead of the tropical Eden they expected, these writers experienced and wrote about a tainted paradise corrupted and fatally ravaged by contact with Western societies. Even though these writers were looking through the prism of Social Darwinism and extinction discourse, they were all nevertheless appalled at the situation, and their writing is witness to their anguish. Unlike the typical Victorian-era traveller described by Mary Louise Pratt as the “seeing-man”, who remained distanced in their writing from the environment around them, this group wrote with the authority of personal felt experience, bearing witness to the horrific impact of Western society on the physical and mental health of Pacific Island populations. The literary voice of this collection of writers continues to be not only a clear and powerful witness of the past, but also a warning to the present about the impact of ‘civilisation’ on Pacific Island peoples and cultures.
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Njuangang, Stanley, Champika Liyanage, and Akintola Akintoye. "The history of healthcare facilities management services: a UK perspective on infection control." Facilities 36, no. 7/8 (May 8, 2018): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-07-2016-0078.
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Purpose The history of the development of non-clinical services in infection control (IC) dates back to the pre-modern era. There is evidence of health-care facility management (HFM) services in Roman military hospitals. With the fall of the Roman Empire, Christian beliefs and teaching shaped the development of HFM in monastic hospitals. It was not until the late Victorian era that the link between HFM services and diseases caused by “miasma”, or bad air, became established. The discovery of bacteria in the modern scientific era reduced the level of importance previously attached to non-clinical causes of infections. Today, in the NHS, HFM services continue to be treated as though they had no real role to play in IC. This paper aims to collate historical and epidemiological evidence to show the link between HFM and IC. Design/methodology/approach The evidence gathered in this research paper is primarily based on an in-depth review of research from a wide range of sources. A “within-study literature analysis” was conducted to synthesise the research materials. This involved the application of “between-source triangulation” to verify the quality of the information contained in the studies, and “between-source complementarity” to provide an in-depth elaboration of the historical facts. Findings Historical and epidemiological evidence shows that HFM services such as cleaning, waste management, catering, laundry and maintenance continue to play a crucial role in IC. This is corroborated by evidence gathered from the work of renowned pioneers in the field of IC. However, reforms in the NHS have failed to consider this, as HFM services have been largely fragmented through different partnership arrangements. Practical implications Among many other things, this research raises the profile of HFM staff in relation to the issue of IC in hospitals. It presents convincing evidence to show that the relationship between the clinical and non-clinical domains in controlling infections in hospitals has a long history. The findings of this research give HFM staff invaluable information about the significant role of their profession in the control of infections in hospitals. Originality/value This is one of the few studies examining the historical development of HFM services, as well as their contribution to IC. Other work in this area has mainly been framed from a clinical health-care perspective.
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Sominina, Anna, Daria Danilenko, Andrey Komissarov, Ludmila Karpova, Maria Pisareva, Artem Fadeev, Nadezhda Konovalova, et al. "Resurgence of Influenza Circulation in the Russian Federation during the Delta and Omicron COVID-19 Era." Viruses 14, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091909.
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Influenza circulation was substantially reduced after March 2020 in the European region and globally due to the wide introduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against COVID-19. The virus, however, has been actively circulating in natural reservoirs. In summer 2021, NPIs were loosened in Russia, and influenza activity resumed shortly thereafter. Here, we summarize the epidemiological and virological data on the influenza epidemic in Russia in 2021–2022 obtained by the two National Influenza Centers. We demonstrate that the commonly used baseline for acute respiratory infection (ARI) is no longer sufficiently sensitive and BL for ILI incidence was more specific for early recognition of the epidemic. We also present the results of PCR detection of influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses as well as antigenic and genetic analysis of influenza viruses. Influenza A(H3N2) prevailed this season with influenza B being detected at low levels at the end of the epidemic. The majority of A(H3N2) viruses were antigenically and genetically homogenous and belonged to the clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2 of the vaccine strain A/Darwin/9/2021 for the season 2022–2023. All influenza B viruses belonged to the Victoria lineage and were similar to the influenza B/Austria/1359417/2021 virus. No influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B/Yamagata lineage was isolated last season.
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Lazareva, N. B. "Influenza in the COVID-19 era: principles of modern pharmacotherapy." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 16 (October 30, 2021): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-16-100-108.
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Influenza is one of the most common infectious diseases and a significant public health problem. Every year, the influenza virus causes 3–5 million severe cases, millions hospitalizations and approximately 650,000 deaths. According to WHO four new influenza strains are projected to circulate in the 2020–2021 epidemic season. Influenza A and B strains are: A/Guangdong-Maonan/ SWL1536/2019 (H1N1) pdm09, A/Hong Kong/2671/2019 (H3N2), B/Washington/02/2019 (Victoria lineage), B/ Phuket/3073/2013 (Yamagata lineage). In this context, the problem of prescribing rational antiviral therapy is particularly importance. COVID-19, along with influenza, is a group of respiratory viral infections, but important differences exist in terms of viral agents and the spread of infection. Important differences include the rate of transmission. The average incubation period and generation time (the time between infecting one person and infecting another) for influenza are shorter. COVID-19 may be more severe, causing complications and deaths in 3–4% of cases. The estimated generation time for COVID 19 is 5-6 days, while for influenza it is 3 days. According to the latest data, the reproductive number, i.e., the number of people who can be infected by one patient, is in the range of 2 to 2.5 in COVID 19, which is higher than in influenza. Only a laboratory test can accurately identify the type of pathogen and distinguish it from influenza and other respiratory viruses. Neuraminidase inhibitors are currently first-line drugs recommended by WHO for the treatment and prevention of influenza.
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Rawlings, L. "54. CAPITALISING ON THE UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY OF THE HPV VACCINE, FOR A CERVICAL SCREENING PROGRAM." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab54.
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The medical advancement of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine and it's swift addition to the National Immunisation Program, caused a sudden surge in the public's awareness and interest in HPV. The challenge for PapScreen Victoria, a state based cervical screening program, was to react quickly and strategically to ensure that this new knowledge did not prevent women from having Pap tests. PapScreen pre-empted that the vaccine would have a huge impact on the current program, and undertook an educational journey to identify issues. The program sought expert opinions, formulated new partnerships in the immunisation sector and examined the current research. The program identified that its role was to inform women about HPV and the importance to continue screening in this new era of HPV vaccination. In the prevention of cervical cancer, there was also a role to inform health professionals, parents and young women about the benefits of the vaccine. The challenge was capatilising on the unique opportunity that the vaccine created. Developing and implementing strategies quickly was paramount in the program's success on capitalising this interest. Across three main areas - community, communications and research - the program implemented a range of strategies, including new resources, media opportunities, formative research and education, among others. PapScreen's aim was to remain the prime source of information for the prevention of cervical cancer in Victoria. The success of these strategies has been profound and immunisation messages are now included in all program messages across a range of sectors. The program was able to capitalise on this unique occasion by being flexible, proactive and strategically adaptable to the public health environment.
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Nott, Rohini, Trevon L. Fuller, Patrícia Brasil, and Karin Nielsen-Saines. "Out-of-Season Influenza during a COVID-19 Void in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Temperature Matters." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050821.
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An out-of-season H3N2 type A influenza epidemic occurred in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during October–November 2021, in between the Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 surges, which occurred in July–October 2021 and January–April 2022, respectively. We assessed the contribution of climate change and influenza immunization coverage in this unique, little publicized phenomenon. State weather patterns during the influenza epidemic were significantly different from the five preceding years, matching typical winter temperatures, associated with the out-of-season influenza. We also found a mismatch between influenza vaccine strains used in the winter of 2021 (trivalent vaccine with two type A strains (Victoria/2570/2019 H1N1, Hong Kong/2671/2019 H3N2) and one type B strain (Washington/02/2019, wild type) and the circulating influenza strain responsible for the epidemic (H3N2 Darwin type A influenza strain). In addition, in 2021, there was poor influenza vaccine coverage with only 56% of the population over 6 months old immunized. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, we should be prepared for out-of-season outbreaks of other respiratory viruses in periods of COVID-19 remission, which underscore novel disease dynamics in the pandemic era. The availability of year-round influenza vaccines could help avoid unnecessary morbidity and mortality given that antibodies rapidly wane. Moreover, this would enable unimmunized individuals to have additional opportunities to vaccinate during out-of-season outbreaks.
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Demochko, Hanna. "P.І. Shatilov as a public actor, scientist, fighter with epidemic diseases: to the centenary of death." Inter Collegas 8, no. 2 (July 22, 2021): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ic.8.2.69-73.
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Prerequisites. The relevance of the study is caused by the fact that the personality of P. Shatilov does not have a sufficient scientific reflection in the literature from the standpoint and with the use of methods of studying medical local lore. In particular, historical research methods are neglected, however, they can be used to study the work of P. Shatilov in Kharkov in more detail during the epidemics that engulfed the city in 1919-1921. Today, when the whole world suffers from coronavirus infection, it is extremely important to give an example of medical struggle in emergencies, the victories of P. Shatilov not only as a physician but also as a citizen, because such examples instill responsibility to society. Task was to provide an updated biographical study of P. Shatilov for the centenary of his death, taking into account the methods of historical research, which had not previously been used in works of this kind. After all, medical personnel require a wider use of methods than previously represented biographical studies on the figure of P. Shatilov. To reproduce the biography of a scientist on a historical background, highlighting not only personal data, but also depicting the era in which the scientist lived and worked. Materials and methods. The results of similar studies have indicated that it is necessary to rely on conceptually important general scientific epistemological principles: historicism, objectivity, a combination of both logic and historicity, systematicity. The same methods were used in this study. The methodological basis of this type of research is a specific group of approaches and methods that are used for systematic analysis of the general historical process and medical personalia as an integral part of historical and medical knowledge. The biographical approach, thanks to which the historical reality is considered in time and space, widely covers the problem in a large historical context is a leading one. Phenomenological and paradigmatic approaches provide the necessary scientific tools to reproduce the atmosphere of the time period, reconstruct the preconditions for the formation of worldviews of P. Shatilov, clarify the sources of influence on personality development, the formation of views and beliefs of the scientist, generalization of views and beliefs and his impact on the development of medical science. The high share of this innovative and traditional form of research is provided upon the condition of following the principle of historicism, objectivity of coverage of facts, adequacy in the use of all sources of information, as well as avoiding idealization of the provisions and ideas of the past, giving them a dogmatic status. Results. As a result of a comprehensive study, a medical personalia of P. Shatilov was created, which is based on the application of a comprehensive methodological approach. This is what distinguishes this study from previously created ones and provides an example to researchers for studying topics related to personalities. Conclusions. P.I. Shatilov's work in Kharkiv in recent years has been marked by difficulties in combating the plagues that have engulfed the city. However, the scientist tried to introduce a systematic action to combat plagues, based on the principles of contemporary scientific knowledge.
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Krishnan, Lakshmi, and Kari Nixon. "Introduction—Outbreak: Contagion and Culture in the Victorian Era." Journal of Victorian Culture, April 26, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jvcult/vcac014.
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Abstract One can hardly read a Victorian text without encountering contagious diseases, those striving against them, or those marked by them: from the tuberculous resonances in Dracula (1897) to Jonathan Hutchinson’s (1828–1913) syphilography, Mary Seacole’s pioneering nursing and treatment of cholera in Panama (Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands, 1857), and finally Bleak House’s Esther, disfigured by smallpox. This Roundtable asks how the Victorians approached contagion, examining the ways in which it became such a central preoccupation for a society already fixated upon health and illness and the transactions between life and death. Through our analysis of the long nineteenth century, we hope to illuminate our own contagious transformations. As the novel coronavirus pandemic continues to reveal our individual and communal interdependence, complicated navigation of information, panic, sickness, harm, and isolation, and as it underscores tensions between individual liberty and the collective good, Victorian understandings of contagion acquire fresh relevance to us. In Victorian studies, these interpretations remain a critical touchstone for thinking about medicine, history, narrative, and social and public policy.
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Shah, M. Z., G. Mustafa, M. Iqbal, M. Qasim, K. Abbas, M. Umair, and H. M. A. Baig. "Prevalence of Gram positive bacteria in the affected individuals of Otitis media with effusion from the indigenous population of Southern Punjab, Pakistan: first report." Brazilian Journal of Biology 84 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.267874.
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Abstract Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a type of otitis media (OM) characterized by the presence of fluid behind intact tympanic membrane and is one of the most common diseases of early childhood. It is an infectious disease associated with the presence of many pathogenic bacteria in the middle ear of affected individuals. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria from the middle ear of OME patients in the population of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The incidence of OME under comprehensive healthcare setting was investigated in patients who consulted at the department of ear, throat and nose, Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), Bahawalpur, from December, 2019 to May, 2021. Ear swabs were taken from affected and normal individuals. After culturing bacteria from the ear swabs, microscopic analysis and biochemical tests were performed to characterize the cultured Gram-positive bacteria. Out of 352 patients examined, 109 (30.9%) patients had OME. Age of the participants ranged from 14 to 50 years; individuals between the ages of 14 and 22 years had the highest infection rates, while individuals between 40 and 50 years had the lowest rate of infection. Tympanic membrane perforation, fever, cough, sore throat, ear pain and hearing problem showed association with symptoms of OME. Microscopic analysis and biochemical characterization showed the presence of streptococci and staphylococci in all the studied samples. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus with percentage of 53.3%, 20% and 13.3% respectively. Enterococcus faecalis (6.6%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (6.6%) were also identified in the studied samples. This study will help in the better medical administration of OME affected individuals.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Victorian era – diseases"
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Norrie, Philip Anthony. "An Analysis of the Causes of Death in Darlinghurst Gaol 1867-1914 and the Fate of the Homeless in Nineteenth Century Sydney." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1862.
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This thesis examines a ledger which listed all the causes of death in Darlinghurst Gaol, Sydney’s main gaol, from 1867 to 1914 when the gaol was closed and all the prisoners were transferred to the new Long Bay Gaol at Maroubra. The ledger lists the name of the deceased prisoner, the date of their death, the age of the prisoner at the time of their death and the cause of death along with any special comments relevant to the death where necessary. This ledger was analysed in depth and the death rates and diseases causing the deaths were compared to the general population in New South Wales and Australia as well as to another similar institution namely Auburn Prison, the oldest existing prison in New York State and the general population of the United States of America (where possible). Auburn Prison was chosen because it was the only other prison in the English speaking world (British Empire and United States of America) that had a similar complete list of deaths of prisoners in the same time frame – in this case beginning in 1888. The comparison showed that the highest death rates were in the general population of the United States of America (statistics on New York State alone could not be found) followed by Auburn Prison followed by the general population of Australia then the general population of New South Wales (the latter two were very similar) and the lowest death rates were in Darlinghurst Gaol. The analysis showed that individuals were less likely to die in the main prison, compared to the relevant general population in New South Wales and New York State despite the fact that 8 – 9% of these prison deaths were due to executions, a cause of death not encountered in the general population. This thesis explores the reasons why mortality rates were lower in prison despite the popular perception was that Victorian era gaols were places of harshness, cruelty and death (think of the writings of Charles Dickens, the great moralist writer who was the conscience of the era) compared to the general free population.
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Norrie, Philip Anthony. "An Analysis of the Causes of Death in Darlinghurst Gaol 1867-1914 and the Fate of the Homeless in Nineteenth Century Sydney." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1862.
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Master of Arts (Research)This thesis examines a ledger which listed all the causes of death in Darlinghurst Gaol, Sydney’s main gaol, from 1867 to 1914 when the gaol was closed and all the prisoners were transferred to the new Long Bay Gaol at Maroubra. The ledger lists the name of the deceased prisoner, the date of their death, the age of the prisoner at the time of their death and the cause of death along with any special comments relevant to the death where necessary. This ledger was analysed in depth and the death rates and diseases causing the deaths were compared to the general population in New South Wales and Australia as well as to another similar institution namely Auburn Prison, the oldest existing prison in New York State and the general population of the United States of America (where possible). Auburn Prison was chosen because it was the only other prison in the English speaking world (British Empire and United States of America) that had a similar complete list of deaths of prisoners in the same time frame – in this case beginning in 1888. The comparison showed that the highest death rates were in the general population of the United States of America (statistics on New York State alone could not be found) followed by Auburn Prison followed by the general population of Australia then the general population of New South Wales (the latter two were very similar) and the lowest death rates were in Darlinghurst Gaol. The analysis showed that individuals were less likely to die in the main prison, compared to the relevant general population in New South Wales and New York State despite the fact that 8 – 9% of these prison deaths were due to executions, a cause of death not encountered in the general population. This thesis explores the reasons why mortality rates were lower in prison despite the popular perception was that Victorian era gaols were places of harshness, cruelty and death (think of the writings of Charles Dickens, the great moralist writer who was the conscience of the era) compared to the general free population.
Books on the topic "Victorian era – diseases"
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1944-, Baldwin Douglas, and Spira Thomas, eds. Gaslights, epidemics, and vagabond cows: Charlottetown in the Victorian era. Charlottetown, P.E.I: Ragweed Press, 1988.
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Goldman, Lawrence. Victorians and Numbers. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847744.001.0001.
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This book examines the influence of statistics on Victorian society and culture, from the methods of natural science and the struggle against disease, to the development of social administration and conflicts between social classes. A defining feature of nineteenth-century Britain was its fascination with numbers. The processes that made Victorian society, including the growth of population and industry and the increasing competence of the state, generated profuse numerical data. Numbers were gathered in the 1830s by newly-created statistical societies in response to this ‘data revolution’. Their collection and analysis became a regular feature of government, and inspired new ways of interrogating both the natural and social worlds. William Farr used them to study cholera: Florence Nightingale deployed them in campaigns for sanitary improvement; Charles Babbage was inspired to design and build his famous calculating engines to process them; the statistics of living standards inspired working-class protest. The mid-Victorians employed statistics consistently to make the case for liberal reform. In later decades, however, the emergence of the academic discipline of mathematical statistics—statistics as we use them today—became associated with eugenics and a contrary social philosophy. Where earlier statisticians subscribed to the unity of mankind, later practitioners, following Francis Galton, emphasised variation and difference within and between groups. In chapters on learned societies, government departments, international statistical collaborations, natural scientists and intellectuals, as well as statisticians, this book traces the impact of numbers on the era, and the relationship of Victorian statistics to ‘Big Data’ in our own age.
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M, Byers W. Gordon, ed. Quarterly report of the eye and ear clinic of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal. [S.l: s.n., 1986.
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M, Byers W. Gordon, ed. Quarterly report of the eye and ear clinic of the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal. [S.l: s.n., 1985.
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Ashton, John. Practising Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743170.001.0001.
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This book is based on over 40 years work in public health at a time of unprecedented change and challenge. The emphasis is on the practical aspects of working at different levels of action, very much ‘how to do it and how it was done’. As such it is a personal account. This period marked a new era in which the previous medical paradigm, dating from the mid-nineteenth century, was replaced by a broader, multidisciplinary approach, grounded in social science, the humanities, ecology, and public engagement with the politics of health once more coming into focus. The author uses case studies, storytelling, and real-life experience of establishing a new and revitalized public health system in the North West of England to bring the subject alive for a new generation of students and practitioners. Building on historic insights and timeless lessons from the Victorian and early-twentieth-century pioneers, he traces the evolution of the new thinking and its translation into action. The volume offers a rich menu of examples of responses to an array of new challenges ranging from new infections, such as HIV/AIDS and Ebola, to the lifestyle diseases of the new age, and the application of public health thinking to mental health and the problems of an ageing population. The external threats to health from the environment and as a result of man-made disasters and emergencies are extensively covered. The author brings a fresh approach to public health and the communication of public health issues. This work is accessible and stimulating, speaking to a wide range of audiences and sharing his passion for the subject.
Book chapters on the topic "Victorian era – diseases"
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Goldman, Lawrence. "Medicine and Statistics at Mid-Century." In Victorians and Numbers, 211–38. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847744.003.0012.
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This chapter considers the impact of statistics on Victorian medicine, one of the most fertile academic combinations of the era, through three case studies. First, it examines the work of Dr William Farr, the creative force for four decades in the General Register Office, and the most prominent and famous Victorian statistician. Farr composed annual reports on the health of the nation that inspired successive waves of the public health movement, and was at the heart of every effort to institutionalize statistics from the late 1830s. He used various statistical approaches in the study of cholera, though they were all rendered redundant by the advent of microbiology and the isolation of bacterial pathogens in the 1880s. His friend, Dr William Augustus Guy, was the most prolific giver of papers to the Statistical Society of London, a leader in public health reform, and a proponent of the idea that statistics were, in themselves, the one and only social science. Finally, the chapter examines the work of Sir John Simon at the Privy Council Medial Office between 1858 and 1871, a golden era of research into environmental causes of disease undertaken by a cadre of distinguished young physicians who used statistical approaches reflexively. It is argued that medicine had an obvious affinity for statistical methods, and it was believed that by counting it would prove possible to understand and control disease. But in the event, it was biological science and not statistics that led in countering the epidemics of the nineteenth century
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Faragher, Megan. "Introduction." In Public Opinion Polling in Mid-Century British Literature, 1–20. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898975.003.0001.
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After staging the stakes of the mid-century turn towards psychography in W.H. Auden’s “The Unknown Citizen,” the Introduction provides a pre-history of “psychography,” a term coined in the Victorian Era to describe a series of disparate practices of recording and materializing individual psychology. These practices—including telepathic communication, automatic writing, and the literary methods of Stracheyan psychobiography—demonstrate “mind-writing” as an emergent literary concern long before the invention of modern polling. Even in this protean stage of psychography, writers worried these new practices might empower malignant actors to weaponize psychographic power against the nation. Invoking Bram Stoker’s Dracula as an exemplar of this phenomenon, I highlight that the vampire frightens not only because he will feed on London’s “teeming millions,” but also because his infectious power will “create a new and ever-widening circle of semi-demons.” In effect, Dracula weaponizes his telepathic power to execute psychological control over the masses. At the time Stoker was writing his novel, the science of public opinion was understood by sociologists only through such tropes of spiritualism, disease, and contagion. The chapter traces the transformation of this early modernist vision of psychographics to its reprisal in the mid-century institutionalization of public opinion polling, using Auden as a touchstone to demonstrate the radical and rapid institutionalization of group psychology into everyday discourse and institutions.
Conference papers on the topic "Victorian era – diseases"
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Hoy, R., D. Glass, D. Christina, S. Gwini, F. Hore-Lacy, M. Abramson, K. Walker-Bone, and M. Sim. "A major outbreak of artificial stone silicosis in Australia: Results from the Victorian Silica-associated Disease Registry." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.4363.
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