Relevant bibliographies by topics / Victoria Population

Academic literature on the topic 'Victoria Population'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Victoria Population"

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Lee, Tristan, Kyall R. Zenger, Robert L. Close, and David N. Phalen. "Genetic analysis reveals a distinct and highly diverse koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) population in South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 1 (2012): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10035.

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Population genetics can reveal otherwise hidden information involving a species’ history in a given region. Koalas were thought to have been virtually exterminated from the Australian state of Victoria during the koala fur trade of the late 1800s. Koalas in the South Gippsland region of Victoria were examined using microsatellite markers to infer population structure and gene flow and to locate a possible remnant gene pool. The results indicate that the South Gippsland koala population had higher genetic diversity (A = 5.97, HO = 0.564) than other published Victorian populations, and was genetically distinct from other koala populations examined. South Gippsland koalas, therefore, may have survived the population reductions of the koala fur trade and now represent a remnant Victorian gene pool that has been largely lost from the remainder of Victoria. This paper illustrates that historic anthropogenic impacts have had little effect on reducing the genetic diversity of a population in the South Gippsland region. However, the South Gippsland population is now subject to threats such as logging and loss of habitat from housing and agriculture expansion. Our results suggest that the South Gippsland koalas require an alternative conservation management program.
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STOTHARD, J. R., B. L. WEBSTER, T. WEBER, S. NYAKAANA, J. P. WEBSTER, F. KAZIBWE, N. B. KABATEREINE, and D. ROLLINSON. "Molecular epidemiology ofSchistosoma mansoniin Uganda: DNA barcoding reveals substantial genetic diversity within Lake Albert and Lake Victoria populations." Parasitology 136, no. 13 (July 23, 2009): 1813–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200999031x.

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SUMMARYRepresentative samples of UgandanSchistosoma mansonifrom Lake Albert and Lake Victoria were examined using DNA barcoding, sequence analysis of two partially overlapping regions – ASMIT (396 bp) & MORGAN (617 bp) – of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1). The Victorian sample exhibited greater nucleotide diversity, 1·4%vs. 1·0%, and a significant population partition appeared as barcodes did not cross-over between lakes. With one exception, Lake Albert populations were more mixed by sampled location, while those from Lake Victoria appeared more secluded. Using statistical parsimony, barcode ASMIT 1 was putatively ancestral to all others and analysis of MORGAN cox1 confirmed population diversity. All samples fell into two of five well-resolved lineages; sub-lineages therein broadly partitioning by lake. It seems that barcode ASMIT 1 (and close variants) was likely widely dispersed throughout the Nilotic environment but later diversifiedin situ, and in parallel, within Lake Albert and Lake Victoria. The genetic uniformity of UgandanS. mansonican no longer be assumed, which might better explain known epidemiological heterogeneities. While it appears plausible that locally evolved heritable traits could spread through most of the Lake Albert populations, it seems unlikely they could quickly homogenise into Lake Victoria or amongst populations therein.
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Riley, Merilyn. "Population Prevalence Rates of Birth Defects: A Data Management and Epidemiological Perspective." Health Information Management 34, no. 3 (September 2005): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830503400307.

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The Victorian Birth Defects Register (VBDR) is a population-based surveillance system with a primary function of monitoring trends in birth defects. This paper outlines the processes undertaken in Victoria, Australia, to obtain population prevalence rates of birth defects and investigates the effect on the prevalence rates of variations in collection and processing tasks. It includes all birth defects that were notified to the VBDR by 31 December 2004. The overall prevalence rate of birth defects in Victoria for 2003 was 4.0%, with an overall accuracy rate of 88%. However, this proportion varied according to what birth defects were included, the age by which birth defects were diagnosed, changes to sources of ascertainment, inclusion of terminations of pregnancy, or reporting by cases rate (infants affected) or birth defect rate (individual birth defects). Taking all of these factors into consideration, we are confident that 4.0% is an accurate population prevalence rate of birth defects in Victoria for 2003.
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Klanten, O. Selma, Michelle R. Gaither, Samuel Greaves, Kade Mills, Kristine O’Keeffe, John Turnbull, Rob McKinnon, and David J. Booth. "Genomic and morphological evidence of distinct populations in the endemic common (weedy) seadragon Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (Syngnathidae) along the east coast of Australia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): e0243446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243446.

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The common or weedy seadragon, Phyllopteryx taeniolatus, is an iconic and endemic fish found across temperate reefs of southern Australia. Despite its charismatic nature, few studies have been published, and the extent of population sub-structuring remains poorly resolved. Here we used 7462 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify the extent of population structure in the weedy seadragon along the temperate southeast coast of Australia. We identified four populations, with strong genetic structure (FST = 0.562) between them. Both Discriminant Analysis of Principle Components (DAPC) and Bayesian clustering analyses support four distinct genetic clusters (north to south: central New South Wales, southern NSW, Victoria and Tasmania). In addition to these genetic differences, geographical variation in external morphology was recorded, with individuals from New South Wales shaped differently for a few measurements to those from the Mornington Peninsula (Victoria). We posit that these genetic and morphological differences suggest that the Victorian population of P. taeniolatus was historically isolated by the Bassian Isthmus during the last glacial maximum and should now be considered at least a distinct population. We also recorded high levels of genetic structure among the other locations. Based on the genomic and to a degree morphological evidence presented in this study, we recommend that the Victorian population be managed separately from the eastern populations (New South Wales and Tasmania).
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Horyniak, Danielle, Mark Stoové, Keflemariam Yohannes, Alan Breschkin, Tom Carter, Beth Hatch, Jane Tomnay, Margaret Hellard, and Rebecca Guy. "The impact of immigration on the burden of HIV infection in Victoria, Australia." Sexual Health 6, no. 2 (2009): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08088.

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Background: Accurate estimates of the number of people diagnosed and living with HIV infection within a health jurisdiction provide the basis for planning of clinical service provision. Case reporting of new diagnoses does not account for inwards and outwards migration of people with HIV infection, thereby providing an inaccurate basis for planning. Methods: The Victorian passive surveillance system records all cases of HIV diagnosed in Victoria and distinguishes between new Victorian diagnoses (cases whose first ever HIV diagnosis was in Victoria) and cases previously diagnosed interstate and overseas. In order to gain an understanding of the impact of population movement on the burden of HIV infection in Victoria, we compared the characteristics of people first diagnosed in Victoria with those previously diagnosed elsewhere. Results: Between 1994 and 2007 there were 3111 HIV notifications in Victoria, including 212 (7%) ‘interstate diagnoses’ and 124 (4%) ‘overseas diagnoses’. The proportion of cases diagnosed outside Victoria increased from 6.4% between 1994 and 2000 to 13.8% between 2001 and 2007. Compared with ‘new diagnoses’, a larger proportion of ‘interstate diagnoses’ reported male-to-male sex as their HIV exposure, were Australian-born and diagnosed in Victoria at a general practice specialising in gay men’s health. Compared with ‘new diagnoses’, a larger proportion of ‘overseas diagnoses’ were female, reported heterosexual contact as their HIV exposure, and were diagnosed in Victoria at a sexual health clinic. Conclusions: Between 1994 and 2007 more than 10% of Victorian HIV diagnoses were among people previously diagnosed elsewhere. Characteristics of both interstate and overseas diagnoses differed from new diagnoses. Service planning needs to be responsive to the characteristics of people moving to Victoria with previously diagnosed HIV infection.
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Honan, JA, and BD Mitchell. "Reproduction of Euastacus bispinosus Clark (Decapoda:Parastacidae), and trends in the reproductive characteristics of freshwater crayfish." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 2 (1995): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950485.

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The reproductive biology of Euastacus bispinosus populations was studied in a river and a creek of the Glenelg River system in south-western Victoria, and a small coastal creek in south-eastern South Australia. Females produced eggs in the first breeding season after maturation of their gonopores. At the Victorian sites, E. bispinosus spawned in early May, carrying eggs for about seven months before hatching and juvenile release in October-December. At least 95% of mature females at each Victorian site carried eggs during the breeding season. Mature females had relatively broader abdomens than did males and carried between 63 and 812 eggs. The number of eggs carried was linearly related to both occipital carapace length and abdomen width. The South Australian population differed from the Victorian populations in having a smaller mean size at sexual maturity for females (occipital carapace length 58 mm compared with 85-86 mm in Victoria), a higher proportion (17%) of gonopore abnormalities (< 1% in Victoria), and relatively wider abdomens (which continued to broaden after maturity). Euastacus bispinosus is a winter brooder and has a long generation time and low potential reproductive rate, characteristics it shares with Astacopsis and Parastacoides species, and members of the Astacidae. Other crayfish species (e.g. Cherax species and members of the Cambaridae) are summer brooders and tend to have a high potential reproductive rate and short generation time.
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Martin-Kerry, Jacqueline M., Martin Whelan, John Rogers, Anil Raichur, Deborah Cole, and Andrea M. de Silva. "Addressing disparities in oral disease in Aboriginal people in Victoria: where to focus preventive programs." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 4 (2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18100.

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The aim of this study is to determine where Aboriginal people living in Victoria attend public oral health services; whether they access Aboriginal-specific or mainstream services; and the gap between dental caries (tooth decay) experience in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. Analysis was undertaken on routinely collected clinical data for Aboriginal patients attending Victorian public oral health services and the distribution of Aboriginal population across Victoria. Approximately 27% of Aboriginal people attended public oral health services in Victoria across a 2-year period, with approximately one in five of those accessing care at Aboriginal-specific clinics. In regional Victoria, 6-year-old Aboriginal children had significantly higher levels of dental caries than 6-year-old non-Aboriginal children. There was no significant difference in other age groups. This study is the first to report where Aboriginal people access public oral health care in Victoria and the disparity in disease between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal users of the Victorian public oral healthcare system. Aboriginal people largely accessed mainstream public oral healthcare clinics highlighting the importance for culturally appropriate services and prevention programs to be provided across the entire public oral healthcare system. The findings will guide development of policy and models of care aimed at improving the oral health of Aboriginal people living in Victoria.
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Heilbrunn-Lang, Adina Y., Lauren M. Carpenter, Seona M. Powell, Susan L. Kearney, Deborah Cole, and Andrea M. de Silva. "Reviewing public policy for promoting population oral health in Victoria, Australia (2007–12)." Australian Health Review 40, no. 1 (2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15013.

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Objective Government policy and planning set the direction for community decisions related to resource allocation, infrastructure, services, programs, workforce and social environments. The aim of the present study was to examine the policy and planning context for oral health promotion in Victoria, Australia, over the period 2007–12. Methods Key Victorian policies and plans related to oral health promotion in place during the 2007–12 planning cycle were identified through online searching, and content analysis was performed. Inclusion of oral health (and oral health-related) promotion initiatives was assessed within the goals, objectives and strategies sections of each plan. Results Six of the 223 public health plans analysed (3%) included oral health ‘goals’ (including one plan representing nine agencies). Oral health was an ‘objective’ in 10 documents. Fifty-six plan objectives, and 70 plan strategies related to oral health or healthy eating for young children. Oral health was included in municipal plans (44%) more frequently than the other plans examined. Conclusion There is a policy opportunity to address oral health at a community level, and to implement population approaches aligned with the Ottawa Charter that address the social determinants of health. What is known about the topic? Poor oral health is a significant global health concern and places a major burden on individuals and the healthcare system, affecting approximately 50% of all children and 75%–95% of adults in Australia. The Ottawa Charter acknowledges the key role of policy in improving the health of a population; however, little is known about the policy emphasis placed on oral health by local government, primary care partnerships and community health agencies in Victoria, Australia. What does this paper add? This is a review of oral health content within local government (municipal) and community health plans in Victoria, Australia. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings identify several opportunities for public health and community health practitioners and policy makers to place greater emphasis on prevention and improvement of the oral health of Victorians through policy development.
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Lee, CK, HA Eagles, NM McFarlane, and KB Kelly. "Genetic variation within white clover (Trifolium repens L.) populations from north-central Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 3 (1993): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930333.

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A collection of regional white clover (Trifolium repens L.) populations in north-central Victoria was made from 42 farms sown to cv. Irrigation 20-55 years ago. The collection was evaluated for characters known to be associated with productivity and persistence, with the objectives of assessing the extent of genotypic variation within the collection and determining its suitability for a long-term population improvement program for Victoria. Some regional populations of cv. Irrigation have reduced leaf and stolon sizes compared with recently sown and commercial seed farm populations. In a broadbased population derived from this collection, genetic variances and broad sense heritability estimates were high for leaf length and width, and for stolon length, characters related to productivity and persistence. These populations of cv. Irrigation may form the basis of a population improvement program to develop more productive, persistent cultivars for Victoria.
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Murray, Margaret, Emily Bonnell, Sharon Thorpe, Jennifer Browne, Liza Barbour, Catherine MacDonald, and Claire Palermo. "Sharing the tracks to good tucker: identifying the benefits and challenges of implementing community food programs for Aboriginal communities in Victoria." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 4 (2014): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py14038.

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Food insecurity is a significant issue in the Victorian Aboriginal population, contributing to the health disparity and reduced life expectancy. Community food programs are a strategy used to minimise individual level food insecurity, with little evidence regarding their effectiveness for Aboriginal populations. The aim of this study was to explore the role of community food programs operating for Aboriginal people in Victoria and their perceived influence on food access and nutrition. Semistructured interviews were conducted with staff (n = 23) from a purposive sample of 18 community food programs across Victoria. Interviews explored the programs’ operation, key benefits to the community, challenges and recommendations for setting up a successful community food program. Results were analysed using a qualitative thematic approach and revealed three main themes regarding key factors for the success of community food programs: (1) community food programs for Aboriginal people should support access to safe, affordable, nutritious food in a socially and culturally acceptable environment; (2) a community development approach is essential for program sustainability; and (3) there is a need to build the capacity of community food programs as part of a strategy to ensure sustainability. Community food programs may be an effective initiative for reducing food insecurity in the Victorian Aboriginal population.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Victoria Population"

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Tumwebaze, Rhoda. "Hydroacoustic abundance assessment and population characteristics of Rastrineobola argentea in Lake Victoria." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397879.

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Wu, Lizhao. "Molecular population genetic analyses of Lake Victoria Cichlid Fishes using microsatellite DNA markers /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488190595940009.

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Cufos, Nádia Soraia Segredo Spiro. "Genetic analysis of Theileria orientalis population in cattle following a theileriosis outbreak in Victoria, Australia." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4992.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Bovine theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by one or more haemoprotozoan parasites of the genus Theileria. In the past, Theileria infection in cattle in Australia was largely asymptomatic and recognized to be associated with Theileria buffeli. However, in the recent years, outbreaks of theileriosis have occurred in beef and dairy cattle in subtropical climatic regions (New South Wales) of Australia. There is also one published report of a recent theileriosis outbreak on a beef farm near Seymour in the south-eastern state of Victoria. In order to gain an improved insight into the genetic composition of Theileria populations following this outbreak, we undertook herein an integrated PCR-coupled mutation scanning-sequencing-phylogenetic analysis of sequence variation in part of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene within and among samples from cattle involved in the outbreak. Theileria DNA was detected in 89.4% of 94 cattle on the Seymour farm; the genetic analysis showed that the ikeda and chitose genotypes representing the Theileria orientalis complex were detected in 75% and 4.8% of 84 infected cattle, respectively, and that mixed populations of these two genotypes were found in 20.2% of infected cattle. Given unpublished reports of a significant increase in the number of outbreaks in Victoria, future investigations should focus sharply on elucidating the epidemiology of Theileria to subvert the economic impact on the cattle industry in this state. Although used here to explore genetic variation within the T. orientalis complex in Australia, a mutation scanning-based approach has broad applicability to other species of Theileria in other countries.
RESUMO - ANÁLISE GENÉTICA DE POPULAÇÕES DE THEILERIA ORIENTALIS, EM BOVINOS, APÓS UM SURTO DE THEILERIOSE EM VITORIA, AUSTRÁLIA - A teileriose é uma doença transmitida por carraças e causada por hemoprotozoários pertencentes a uma ou mais espécies do género Theileria. Historicamente, a infecção de gado na Austrália, com este parasita, é considerada assintomática e associada especificamente à espécie Theileria buffeli. Contudo, nos últimos anos, surtos de teileriose têm ocorrido tanto em explorações de carne como de leite em regiões de clima subtropical da Austrália (Nova Gales do Sul). Recentemente foi publicado um relatório, correspondente a um surto de teileriose perto de Seymour, Victoria, um estado a sudeste do país. A fim de obter uma melhor compreensão sobre a composição genética das populações de Theileria envolvidas neste surto, foi levado a cabo um sistema de análise integrada de PCR - análise de mutações – sequenciação– filogenia, das variações existentes na sequência de parte do gene codificador da principal proteína de superfície do piroplasma (major piroplasm surface protein – MPSP), dentro e entre diferentes amostras provenientes de animais residentes na exploração envolvida no surto. O ADN do parasita foi detectado em 89,4% de 94 bovinos testados, na exploração de Seymour e a subsequente análise genética mostrou que os genótipos Ikeda e Chitose, representativos do complexo formado por diferentes estirpes pertencentes à espécie Theileria orientalis, foram detectados em 75% e 4,8% de 84 animais infectados, respectivamente, e que populações mistas compostas por ambos os genótipos foram detectadas em 20,2% desses mesmos animais. Dado que, relatórios não publicados apontam para um aumento significativo do número de surtos de teileriose em Victoria, futuras investigações deverão centrar-se fortemente na elucidação da epidemiologia deste parasita, a fim de avaliar o impacto económico que este poderá ter sobre a indústria bovina neste Estado. Ademais, apesar de usados neste estudo para explorar a variação genética das populações de T. orientalis na Austrália, uma abordagem baseada na análise de mutações tem ampla aplicabilidade para outras espécies de Theileria presentes em outros países.
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Getabu, Albert. "A combined hydro-acoustic and bottom trawling study on the biomass distribution and population dynamics of the Nile perch, Lates niloticus in Lake Victoria, East Africa." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397069.

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White, M. B. "Aspects of migration in Victorian Lincolnshire." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356408.

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Mooney, Graham. "The geography of mortality decline in Victorian London." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359013.

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Doherty, J. C. "Short-distance migration in Mid-Victorian Lancashire : Blackburn and Bolton 1851-71." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372536.

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Keerl, Victoria [Verfasser]. "A river runs through it - ancient DNA data on the neolithic populations of the Great Hungarian Plain / Victoria Keerl." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074309219/34.

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Banderas, Alvaro [Verfasser], and Victor [Akademischer Betreuer] Sourjik. "Population-parameter sensing in the mating system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Alvaro Banderas ; Akademischer Betreuer: Victor Sourjik." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1181244099/34.

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PEREIRA, Dayane Lucia Francisco. "Biologia populacional de Uca victoriana no manguezal de Itacuru??/Coroa Grande, Ba?a de Sepetiba, RJ." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1801.

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Uca victoriana von Hagen, 1987 is a crab belonging to the family Ocypodidae typical from intertidal zones, characterized by a strong sexual dimorphism. This current study was elaborate in order to evaluate the information about biology of the population, more specifically about population structure, spatial distribution, and reproductive aspects of U. victoriana from mangrove of Itacuru?? / Coroa Grande located in Sepetiba Bay, RJ. Three transects were established with three areas on the right bank of the Draga river, and each area containing 10 m long and 2.25 m wide. Crabs were collected monthly during the period of November 2010 to October 2011. The animals were collected using a quadrat of 30 x 30 cm, performing three random replicates in each plot. In laboratory, the animals were separated by sex and it were taken biometric measurements such as carapace width, carapace length, abdomen width, height of the larger chelipod, length of the larger chelipod and length of the gonopod. Sediment samples were collected in three transects to determine the granulometric composition. It was collected a total of 529 individuals in the study period, of which 89 were males, 97 females non-ovigerous, 16 ovigerous females and 327 juveniles. In the population structure the frequency distribution of males and females was unimodal. The average size of the female LC was 5,64 ? 1,73 mm and 4,97 ? 1,53 mm for males. The analysis of size comparison between sexes showed that females are significantly larger (U = 23741.5, p <0.001) than males. The overall sex ratio of population was 1,94:1, predominantly males. In spatial distribution, there was a greater abundance of animals in the area 2, where the predominance of juveniles, ovigerous females and non-ovigerous females was not superior to other transects. The average size of the ovigerous females was 6.67 ? 0.60 mm, ranging from 5.38 to 7.70 mm. Mean fecundity was 424 ? 186 eggs, with a range from 211 to 886 eggs. The average size of the eggs was 0.292 ? 0.011 mm, with a width 0.27 to 0.30 mm. Recruitment occurred in April. The morphological maturity of females was estimated for the size 5.0 mm and 5.9 mm for males. It follows that the U. victoriana population from mangrove studied, showed to be stable, showing juveniles during all of the months. The distribution of U. victoriana was not influenced by temperature or granulometric, suggesting that other factors, for example, the abundance of trees or biologic factors could influence their distribution in the mangrove. The fecundity found in this population correlates with the females size, as occurs in most brachyuran. The reproductive period was seasonal, with higher frequency of ovigerous females in the months of September and October.
A esp?cie Uca victoriana von Hagen, 1987 ? um caranguejo pertencente ? fam?lia Ocypodidae, t?pico de zonas entremar?s, caracterizado por um forte dimorfismo sexual. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo obter informa??es sobre a biologia populacional, mais especificamente em rela??o ? estrutura populacional, distribui??o espacial e aspectos reprodutivos de U. victoriana do manguezal de Itacuru??/Coroa Grande localizado na Ba?a de Sepetiba, RJ. Foi estabelecido um transecto com tr?s ?reas na margem direita do rio da Draga, onde cada ?rea tinha 10 m de comprimento por 2,25 m de largura. Os caranguejos foram coletados mensalmente durante o per?odo de novembro de 2010 a outubro de 2011. Os animais foram coletados utilizando-se um quadrat de 30 x 30 cm, realizando-se tr?s r?plicas aleat?rias em cada parcela. No laborat?rio os animais foram separados por sexo e tomadas as medidas biom?tricas, como a largura da carapa?a, comprimento total, largura do abdome, comprimento do maior quel?podo, altura do maior quel?podo e comprimento do gonop?dio. Amostras do sedimento foram coletadas nas tr?s ?reas para determinar a composi??o granulom?trica. Foi coletado um total de 529 indiv?duos no per?odo de estudo, dos quais 89 eram machos, 97 f?meas n?o ov?geras, 16 f?meas ov?geras e 327 juvenis. Quanto ? estrutura populacional, a distribui??o de frequ?ncia em machos e f?meas foi unimodal. O tamanho m?dio da LC dos machos foi de 4,97 ? 1,53 mm e das f?meas de 5,64 ? 1,73 mm. A an?lise de compara??o do tamanho entre os sexos demonstrou que as f?meas s?o significativamente maiores (U= 23741,5; p< 0,001) em rela??o aos machos. A propor??o sexual da popula??o foi de 1,94:1 (M:F), com predomin?ncia de machos. Na distribui??o espacial, houve maior abund?ncia de animais na ?rea 2, onde a predomin?ncia de juvenis, f?meas ov?geras e f?meas n?o ov?geras foi superior em rela??o ?s outras ?reas. O tamanho m?dio das f?meas ov?geras foi de 6,67 ? 0,60 mm, variando de 5,38 a 7,70 mm. A fecundidade m?dia foi de 424 ? 186 ovos, com uma amplitude de 211 a 886 ovos. O tamanho m?dio dos ovos foi de 0,292 ? 0,011 mm, com uma amplitude de 0,27 a 0,30 mm. O pico de recrutamento ocorreu no m?s de abril. A maturidade morfol?gica das f?meas foi estimada para o tamanho de 5,0 mm e dos machos de 5,9 mm de LC. Conclui-se, que a popula??o de U. victoriana do manguezal estudado demonstrou ser est?vel, apresentando juvenis durante todos os meses. A distribui??o de U. victoriana n?o foi influenciada pela temperatura e granulometria, sugerindo que outros fatores como a abund?ncia de ?rvores ou fatores bi?ticos podem estar influenciando sua distribui??o neste manguezal. A fecundidade encontrada nesta popula??o se correlaciona com o tamanho das f?meas, como ocorre na maioria dos braqui?ros. O per?odo reprodutivo foi sazonal, com maior frequ?ncia de f?meas ov?geras nos meses de setembro e outubro.
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Books on the topic "Victoria Population"

1

Victoria. Dept. of Infrastructure. Research Unit. Victoria in future. Melbourne: Research Unit, Dept. of Infrastructure, 2000.

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Infrastructure, Victoria Dept of. Victoria in future: Background report for the victorian population projections 2000. Melbourne: Dept. of Infrastructure, 2000.

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Canada, Statistics. Victoria: Part 2, census tracts. S.l: s.n, 1988.

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Research, Victoria Department of Planning and Community Development Spatial Analysis and. Victoria in future 2012: Population and household projections 2011-2031 for Victoria and its regions. Melbourne, Victoria: Spatial Analysis and Research, 2012.

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Watson, Angus B. Lost & almost forgotten towns of colonial Victoria: A comprehensive anaysis of census results for Victoria, 1841-1901. [Victoria, Australia]: Angus B. Watson and Andrew MacMillan Art & Design, 2003.

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Rudd, Dianne. The ageing of local area populations in Victoria: Past patterns and projected trends in the aged population. Carlton, Vic: Aged Care Research Group, Lincoln School of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, 1989.

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Statistics, Australian Bureau of. 1996 census of population and housing: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, Victoria. [Melbourne]: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1998.

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Muñoz, Jesús Montosa. Rincón de la Victoria, la población en un municipio metropolitano de Málaga. [Málaga]: Universidad de Málaga, 1997.

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Canada, Statistics. Profile of census tracts in Victoria, part A =: Profil des secteurs de recensement de Victoria, partie A. Ottawa, Ont: Industry, Science and Technology Canada = Industrie, sciences et technologie Canada, 1993.

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Giovine, Anne Di. People with a print handicap: Victorian population estimates & public library services and materials : a report to the Libraries Board of Victoria. Melbourne, Vic: Office of Library Services, Arts Victoria, Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Victoria Population"

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Kaufman, Les, and Jesse Schwartz. "Nile Perch Population Dynamics in Lake Victoria: Implications for Management and Conservation." In Dynamic Modeling for Marine Conservation, 257–313. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0057-1_13.

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Joost, Stéphane, Michael Kalbermatten, Etienne Bezault, and Ole Seehausen. "Use of Qualitative Environmental and Phenotypic Variables in the Context of Allele Distribution Models: Detecting Signatures of Selection in the Genome of Lake Victoria Cichlids." In Data Production and Analysis in Population Genomics, 295–314. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-870-2_17.

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Ng, Mee Kam, Yuk Tai Lau, Huiwei Chen, and Sylvia He. "Dual Land Regime, Income Inequalities and Multifaceted Socio-Economic and Spatial Segregation in Hong Kong." In The Urban Book Series, 113–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_6.

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AbstractHong Kong has a dual land regime in the urban and rural territories. The urban areas on both sides of Victoria Harbour (8.8% of land, excluding Country Parks on Hong Kong Island) and new towns (about 15.3% of land) house over 90% of the city’s population (about 7.5 million) with an extremely high population density of about 26,000 per km2. After deducting Country Parks and Special Areas (about 40% of land), the rest of the rural New Territories (traditional settlements leased by the British Government in 1898 for 99 years) constitutes about 35% of land, but houses 5.5% of all residents with a substantially lower population density of about 1,000 per km2. China’s Open Door Policy since 1978 has led to economic restructuring in Hong Kong, changing its occupational structure, intensifying income inequality, and leading to socio-economic and spatial segregation. Whilst the affluent classes continue to concentrate in traditionally central locations in urban areas, or in luxurious residential enclaves in rural New Territories, the less well-off tend to be marginalised and live in remote new towns or rural New Territories. The latter is also a result of a skewed power relationship between the government and the property sector in directing spatial development that breeds a hegemonic (dis)course and regime of urban-biased and property-dominant development, sustaining the government’s coffer through a high land price policy.
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Bird, Deanne, and Andrew Taylor. "Disasters and Demographic Change of ‘Single-Industry’ Towns—Decline and Resilience in Morwell, Australia." In The Demography of Disasters, 125–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4_7.

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Abstract In 2014, an open-cut coal mine fire burned for 45 days in the small single-industry town of Hazelwood in Victoria (Australia) spreading smoke and ash across the adjacent community of Morwell. This chapter examines the extent to which the mine fire acted as a catalyst for demographic and socio-economic change and considers how, if at all, it impacted Morwell’s resilience to disasters. We report on a range of secondary data analyses augmented with qualitative insights captured in government reports (namely, the Hazelwood Mine Fire Inquiry reports), as well as from related research papers and media articles. We suggest that a succession of structural and demographic changes meant that the town and its residents were accustomed and resilient to relatively large shocks. In this sense, the Morwell and broader Latrobe Valley population banded together around various community-led initiatives to fight for a better future for their community.
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Chakravarti, Aravinda. "Genetic Studies in Isolated Populations: Victor McKusick’s Contributions to Population Genetics." In Victor McKusick and the History of Medical Genetics, 107–17. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1677-7_12.

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Eastoe, Stef. "Populating Caterham." In Idiocy, Imbecility and Insanity in Victorian Society, 59–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27335-4_3.

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Odongtoo, Godfrey, Denis Ssebuggwawo, and Peter Okidi Lating. "Water Resource Management Frameworks in Water-Related Adaptation to Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 993–1006. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_24.

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AbstractThis chapter addresses the use of partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to determine the requirements for an effective development of water resource management frameworks. The authors developed a quantitative approach using Smart-PLS version 3 to reveal the views of different experts based on their experiences in water-related adaptation to climate change in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) in Uganda. A sample size of 152 was computed from a population size of 245 across the districts of Buikwe, Jinja, Mukono, Kampala, and Wakiso. The chapter aimed to determine the relationship among the availability of legal, regulatory, and administrative frameworks, public water investment, price and demand management, information requirements, coordination structures, and analytical frameworks and how they influence the development of water resource management frameworks. The findings revealed that the availability of legal, regulatory, and administrative frameworks, public water investment, price and demand management, information requirements, and coordination structures had significant and positive effects on the development of water resource management frameworks. Public water investment had the highest path coefficient (β = 0.387 and p = 0.000), thus indicating that it has the greatest influence on the development of water resource management frameworks. The R2 value of the model was 0.714, which means that the five exogenous latent constructs collectively explained 71.4% of the variance in the development. The chapter suggests putting special emphasis on public water investment to achieve an effective development of water resource management frameworks. These findings can support the practitioners and decision makers engaged in water-related adaptation to climate change within the LVB and beyond.
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Odongtoo, Godfrey, Denis Ssebuggwawo, and Peter Okidi Lating. "Water Resource Management Frameworks in Water-Related Adaptation to Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_24-1.

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AbstractThis chapter addresses the use of partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to determine the requirements for an effective development of water resource management frameworks. The authors developed a quantitative approach using Smart-PLS version 3 to reveal the views of different experts based on their experiences in water-related adaptation to climate change in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) in Uganda. A sample size of 152 was computed from a population size of 245 across the districts of Buikwe, Jinja, Mukono, Kampala, and Wakiso. The chapter aimed to determine the relationship among the availability of legal, regulatory, and administrative frameworks, public water investment, price and demand management, information requirements, coordination structures, and analytical frameworks and how they influence the development of water resource management frameworks. The findings revealed that the availability of legal, regulatory, and administrative frameworks, public water investment, price and demand management, information requirements, and coordination structures had significant and positive effects on the development of water resource management frameworks. Public water investment had the highest path coefficient (β = 0.387 and p = 0.000), thus indicating that it has the greatest influence on the development of water resource management frameworks. The R2 value of the model was 0.714, which means that the five exogenous latent constructs collectively explained 71.4% of the variance in the development. The chapter suggests putting special emphasis on public water investment to achieve an effective development of water resource management frameworks. These findings can support the practitioners and decision makers engaged in water-related adaptation to climate change within the LVB and beyond.
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9

Romero-Ruiz, Maria Isabel. "Trans-National Neo-Victorianism, Gender and Vulnerability in Kate Grenville’s The Secret River (2005)." In Cultural Representations of Gender Vulnerability and Resistance, 147–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95508-3_9.

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AbstractThe British Empire has become a new trope in neo-Victorian studies, incorporating a postcolonial trans-national approach to the re-writing of the Victorian past. Kate Grenville’s novel The Secret River is set in Australia in the early nineteenth century when issues of transportation and colonisation coalesce with the fight for survival under precarious conditions. The Secret River is the story of the confrontation between colonisers and colonised people in terms of gender and vulnerability. This chapter analyses the role of Empire in the construction of a British identity associated with civilisation and that of the native population. Following Judith Butler’s theories, my discussion is organised around two main topics: Australian history and narratives of recollection, and gender identity and vulnerability both in white settlers and indigenous communities. My contention is that both sides became involved in a relationship of mutual vulnerability.
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Wellhofer, E. Spencer. "‘A Deity of Equality’ and ‘Even a Safer Class of the Population’: Debates on Expanding the Polity." In Democracy, Capitalism and Empire in Late Victorian Britain, 1885–1910, 21–47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24688-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Victoria Population"

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Bustamante, Juan, Leonardo Kuffo, Edgar Izquierdo, and Carmen Vaca. "Automated Detection of Customer Experience through Social Platforms." In CARMA 2018 - 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2018.2018.8347.

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The emergence and acceptance of social media have become a crucial aspect of daily lives in the worldwide population. As a result of this phenomenon, it is not surprising that customers’ buying patterns exhibit continuous change. For capturing the experience of consumers during their visit to a retail store, previous studies have proposed in-store customer experience (ISCX) scale from data captured through traditional methods like survey research. Accordingly, ISCX is conceived as a subjective internal response to and interaction with the physical retail environment. The present study builds upon prior research and we take the concept of ISCX with the purpose of developing an automated model for capturing ISCX from data collected through a social network like Facebook. This approach offers a low-cost, real-time alternative to traditional elicitation methods. We gathered data from English written contents by Facebook users and collected approximately 1,6 million comments made in public sites belonging to 50 companies worldwide (e.g. Clothing and jewelry retailers, whole Box and electronics Stores), including IKEA, Samsung, Whole Foods, Walmart, Tiffany, Victoria Secret, and Dillards. Five reviewers manually checked the messages filtered by the automated model, resulting in a high accuracy, confirming the high effectiveness of the model in classifying Facebook written messages. Keywords: Customer Experience; Machine Learning; Data Classification; Text Mining.
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Makarov, Anton Dmitrievich, and Anastasiia Valeryevna Sedova. "The development of cycling and the construction of sports facilities as an incentive for the development of the cycling infrastructure of the city." In 2022 33th All-Russian Youth Exhibition of Innovations. Publishing House of Kalashnikov ISTU, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/ie022131.

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New trends of reasonable consumption, healthy lifestyle, and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the urban environment popularize the bicycle as a new type of vehicle. In comparison with European countries in Russia, the bicycle has not yet achieved much attention from the citizens. However, in Russia, according to social surveys, there is a request for the development of bicycle infrastructure. This study examines how the growth of cycling infrastructure may depend on the development of cycling in the country. The article presents both a comparison of various cities according to the index of the provision of bicycle paths for the population, and the identification of leading countries in the statistics of sports victories, the number of indoor bike tracks and the world championships held. The city of Izhevsk acts as an object for comparison in the study. Based on open data on the cycling infrastructure of the city and the document on the development strategy of the Udmurt Republic, the article discusses the identified criteria and how they can affect the development of cycling infrastructure in Russia.
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Davis, John C., Mike Jones, and John Roderique. "Planning for Greater Levels of Diversion That Including Energy Recovery for the Mojave Desert and Mountain Recycling Authority, California Region." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2342.

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The Mojave Desert and Mountain Recycling Authority is a California Joint Powers Authority (the JPA), consisting of nine communities in California’s San Bernardino County high desert and mountain region. In August 2008 the JPA contracted with Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. (GBB) to prepare the Victor Valley Resource Management Strategy (Resource Management Strategy). Working with RRT Design and Construction, Inc. (RRT), GBB prepared a coordinated forward-looking strategy to guide the JPA’s future program and facilities decisions. The Resource Management Strategy focused on the Town of Apple Valley, population 70,092, and the City of Victorville, population 107,408, the two largest JPA member communities, which have a combined total of more than 130,000 tons per year of material entering the JPA’s recycling system and the Victorville Landfill. The Resource Management Strategy is underpinned by a characterization of waste loads delivered to the Victorville Landfill. A visual characterization was carried out by RRT in September/October 2008. RRT engineers identified proportions of materials recoverable for recycling and composting among all loads collected from residential and non-residential generators for a full week, nearly 300 loads total. The JPA financed and manages the operations contract for the highly automated Victor Valley Material Recovery Facility (MRF). The MRF today receives and processes an average of 130 tons per day (tpd), five days per week, of single stream paper and containers and recyclable-rich commercial waste loads. The waste characterization indicated that as much as 80 percent of loads of residential and commercial waste currently landfilled could be processed for recycling and composting in a combination manual and automated sorting facility. Residue from the MRF, which is predominated by paper, would provide potential feedstock for an energy recovery project; however, the JPA has two strategies regarding process residue. The first strategy is to reduce residue rates from existing deliveries, to optimize MRF operations. An assessment of the MRF conducted by RRT indicated that residue rates could be reduced, although this material would continue to be rich in combustible materials. The second strategy is to increase recovery for recycling by expanding the recyclable-rich and organics-dense waste load deliveries to the MRF and/or a composting facility. The Resource Management Strategy provided a conceptual design and cost that identified projected capital and operations costs that would be incurred to expand the MRF processing system for the program expansion. Based on the waste composition analysis, residue from a proposed system was estimated. This residue also would be rich in combustible materials. The December 2008 California Scoping Plan is the roadmap for statewide greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts. The Scoping Plan specifically calls out mandatory commercial recycling, expanded organics composting (particularly food residue), and inclusion of anaerobic digestion as renewable energy. The Resource Management Strategy sets the stage for JPA programs to address Scoping Plan mandates and priorities. California Public Resources Code Section 40051(b) requires that communities: Maximize the use of all feasible source reduction, recycling, and composting options in order to reduce the amount of solid waste that must be disposed of by transformation and land disposal. For wastes that cannot feasibly be reduced at their source, recycled, or composted, the local agency may use environmentally safe transformation or environmentally safe land disposal, or both of those practices. Moreover, Section 41783(b) only allows transformation diversion credit (10 percent of the 50 percent required) if: The transformation project uses front-end methods or programs to remove all recyclable materials from the waste stream prior to transformation to the maximum extent feasible. Finally, prior to permitting a new transformation facility the California Integrated Waste Management Board is governed by Section 41783(d), which requires that CIWMB: “Hold a public hearing in the city, county, or regional agency jurisdiction within which the transformation project is proposed, and, after the public hearing, the board makes both of the following findings, based upon substantial evidence on the record: (1) The city, county, or regional agency is, and will continue to be, effectively implementing all feasible source reduction, recycling, and composting measures. (2) The transformation project will not adversely affect public health and safety or the environment.” The Resource Management Strategy assessed two cement manufacturers located in the high desert region for their potential to replace coal fuel with residue from the MRF and potentially from other waste quantities generated in the region. Cement kilns are large consumers of fossil fuels, operate on a continuous basis, and collectively are California’s largest source of greenhouse gas emissions. The Resource Management Strategy also identified further processing requirements for size reduction and screening to remove non-combustible materials and produce a feasible refuse derived fuel (RDF). A conceptual design system to process residue and supply RDF to a cement kiln was developed, as were estimated capital and operating costs to implement the RDF production system. The Resource Management Strategy addressed the PRC requirement that “all feasible source reduction, recycling and composting measures” are implemented prior to approving any new “transformation” facility. This planning effort also provided a basis for greenhouse gas reduction analysis, consistent with statewide initiatives to reduce landfill disposal. This paper will report on the results of this planning and the decisions made by the JPA, brought current to the time of the conference.
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Reports on the topic "Victoria Population"

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Nguyen, Thin, Sunil Gupta, Jaishankar Raman, Rinaldo Bellomo, and Svetha Venkatesh. Geolocated Twitter-based population mobility in Victoria, Australia, during the staged COVID-19 restrictions. Critical Care and Resuscitation, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2020.4.sc1.

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Using geotagged Twitter data in Victoria, we created a mobility index and studied the changes during the staged restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We describe preliminary evidence that geotagged Twitter data may be used to provide real-time population mobility data and information on the impact of restrictions on such mobility.
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Kerrigan, Susan, Phillip McIntyre, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Bendigo. Queensland University of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.206968.

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Bendigo, where the traditional owners are the Dja Dja Wurrung people, has capitalised on its European historical roots. Its striking architecture owes much to its Gold Rush past which has also given it a diverse cultural heritage. The creative industries, while not well recognised as such, contribute well to the local economy. The many festivals, museums and library exhibitions attract visitors from the metropolitan centre of Victoria especially. The Bendigo Creative Industries Hub was a local council initiative while the Ulumbarra Theatre is located within the City’s 1860’s Sandhurst Gaol. Many festivals keep the city culturally active and are supported by organisations such as Bendigo Bank. The Bendigo Writers Festival, the Bendigo Queer Film Festival, The Bendigo Invention & Innovation Festival, Groovin the Moo and the Bendigo Blues and Roots Music Festival are well established within the community. A regional accelerator and Tech School at La Trobe University are touted as models for other regional Victorian cities. The city has a range of high quality design agencies, while the software and digital content sector is growing with embeddeds working in agriculture and information management systems. Employment in Film, TV and Radio and Visual Arts has remained steady in Bendigo for a decade while the Music and Performing Arts sector grew quite well over the same period.
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Cunningham, Stuart, Marion McCutcheon, Mark Ryan, Susan Kerrigan, Phillip McIntyre, and Greg Hearn. ‘Creative Hotspots’ in the regions: Key thematic insights and findings from across Australia. Queensland University of Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227753.

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Description The Creative Hotspots project, or as it was officially titled Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis, was an expansive, four-year project funded by an Australian Research Council Linkage grant (LP160101724). This comprehensive national study investigated the contemporary dynamics of cultural and creative activity in largely regional and non-capital cities and towns across Australia before the outbreak of COVID-19 in March 2020. In total, the project conducted fieldwork in 17 creative and cultural hotspots across five states: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia, and South Australia, examining what makes each hotspot “hot”, identifying the dynamics that underpinned their high concentrations of creative and cultural employment and activity. This White Paper outlines the project's findings and outcomes.
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Ben, Jehonathan, Amanuel Elias, Rachel Sharples, Kevin Dunn, Craig McGarty, Mandy Truong, Fethi Mansouri, Nida Denson, Jessica Walton, and Yin Paradies. Identifying and filling racism data gaps in Victoria: A stocktake review. Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56311/mqvn2911.

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Despite Australia’s and Victoria’s stated commitment to promoting multiculturalism and equality, and to eradicating racism, our knowledge about the nature, extent and impact of different forms of racism on diverse populations is not as well-developed as it should be. Stakeholders addressing racism increasingly recognise that anti-racism initiatives must rely on robust scholarly evidence and high-quality data. Yet existing data have serious limitations. We report on a stocktake review of racism data collected nationally in Australia and with a specific focus on Victoria. We provide a comprehensive overview, summary and synthesis of quantitative data on racism, identify gaps in racism data collection, analysis and uses, and make recommendations on bridging those data gaps and informing anti-racism action and policy. Overall, the review examines data collected by 42 survey-based, quantitative studies, discussed in over 120 publications and study materials, and 13 ongoing data collection initiatives, platforms and projects. Based on the review, we identified eight gaps to racism data collection and analysis and to collection methodologies. We recommend four interconnected ways to fill racism data gaps for anti-racism researchers, organisations and policymakers: 1) Further analyse existing data to address critical questions about racism; 2) Collect and analyse additional data; 3) Enhance data availability and integration; and 4) Improve policies that relate to the collection, analysis, reporting and overall management of racism data.
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Kerrigan, Susan, Phillip McIntyre, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Ballarat. Queensland University of Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.206963.

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Description Ballarat sits on Wathaurong land and is located at the crossroads of four main Victorian highways. A number of State agencies are located here to support and build entrepreneurial activity in the region. The Ballarat Technology Park, located some way out of the heart of the city at the Mount Helen campus of Federation University, is an attempt to expand and diversify the technology and innovation sector in the region. This university also has a high profile presence in the city occupying part of a historically endowed precinct in the city centre. Because of the wise preservation and maintenance of its heritage listed buildings by the local council, Ballarat has been used as the location for a significant set of feature films, documentaries and television series bringing work to local crews and suppliers. With numerous festivals playing to the cities strengths many creative embeddeds and performing artists take advantage of employment in facilities such as the Museum of Australian Democracy at Eureka. The city has its share of start-ups, as well as advertising, design and architectural firms. The city is noted for its museums, its many theatres and art galleries. All major national networks service the TV and radio sector here while community radio is strong and growing.
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