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1
Janosy, Robert John. "Structural investigations of the early paleozoic Victoria land dike swarm in the Ferrar-Koettlitz glacier region, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300117001.
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Horn, Kipps 1949. "Rebetika music in Melbourne, 1950-2000 : old songs in a new land, new songlines in an old land." Monash University, School of Music-Conservatorium, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8015.
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Hung, Chung-hing Mason. "A waterfront development strategy for Victoria Harbour /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19131136.
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Elliott, Christine Eleanor. "Physical Rock Weathering Along the Victoria Land Coast, Antarctica." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1305.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the physical weathering of rock along the Victoria Land Coast, Antarctica. It was designed to contribute to the Latitudinal Gradient Project, a joint initiative between the New Zealand, Italian and United States Antarctic Programmes. The Latitudinal Gradient Project aims to improve our understanding of the ecosystems of the Dry Valleys and ice-free areas of the Ross Sea Region and, by using latitude as a proxy measure, identify how they might be affected by future climate change. The approach taken for this research was to use information on rock (from one rock group) temperature and moisture conditions gathered from three field locations to inform laboratory simulations. The laboratory simulations would then be used to investigate the weathering of small rock blocks and aggregates. Two temperature cycles approximating those experienced during summer and spring/autumn were identified and simulations undertaken in a specially adapted freezer. Three levels of moisture were applied: no moisture, half saturation and full saturation. Results of the laboratory simulations indicated that although rocks responded in different ways to different processes, granular disintegration took place even in the absence of additional moisture and did not require crossings of the 0 OC isotherm, nor were high levels of moisture required for across zero temperature cycling to produce weathering effects. A model that related weathering to latitude was developed and changes in climate explored. It was found that the weathering effect of summer and spring/autumn cycles was different and depended on rock characteristics rather than latitude. Increasing the ratio of summer to spring/autumn temperature cycles by 10% indicated that weathering could decrease or remain the same depending on the particular rock. Changes in temperature were found to be more important than changes in moisture. A weathering index that related local climate and rock properties to weathering was also developed and this highlighted the difficulties of using laboratory results to predict field rates of weathering. There were some surprising results from the field, including the presence of much more moisture on the surface of the rock, primarily from blowing snow, than had been predicted for this dry environment. This occurred even in the presence of negative rock surface temperatures. In addition, winter rock surface temperatures can fluctuate up to 25 OC, getting as warm as -10 OC. Macro-climate and changes in air temperature in response to foehn and katabatic winds were the drivers for these fluctuations.
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Baxter, James Stanley, and james baxter@rmit edu au. "Rural Land Use and Value In Northern Victoria 1880 - 1960." RMIT University. Property, Construction & Project Management, 2001. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091008.135904.
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This thesis examines rural development processes, and in particular the impact over time of infrastructure investment on locational value in a farming community in northern Victoria, Australia. Correlation between infrastructure investment and land values was found to change over time, with the full cost of infrastructure provision not reflected in increased land values. Its impact depended on the type of infrastructure, and was linked to technological changes in agricultural production that led to different demands. The study also revealed the complexity of land ownership and use during the development of typical northern Victorian farmland, and the patterns of land value that emerged. As an historical study of land development it provides a deeper understanding of rural valuation methodology and sales analysis. It also contributes to the theory of land development, and in particular rural land-use and value.
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Davies, Mark Thomas Lloyd. "A polar paradise the glaciation of South Victoria Land, Antarctica /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/71753.
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Leung, Kim-cheong Warren, and 梁儉昌. "An impact study of the land reclamation on Victoria Harbour." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257525.
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Yuen, Ping-shu Gomez, and 袁秉樞. "Is reclamation necessary in Victoria Harbour?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254810.
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Chan, Yuet-ling. "Reclamation and pollution in Hong Kong with special reference to Victoria Harbour /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2226632X.
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Savage, Jeni Ellen. "Provenance Analysis of the Sperm Bluff Formation, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1497.
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Beacon Supergroup rocks of probable Devonian age, containing conglomerate clasts of lithologies unknown in outcrop in southern Victoria Land (SVL) occur in the St Johns Range to Bull Pass Region, SVL, Antarctica. The Lower Taylor Group sedimentary rocks, herein called the Sperm Bluff Formation, unconformably rest on the regionally extensive Kukri Erosion Surface that truncates local basement. The basement complex includes three Plutonic Suites, Dry Valley (DV) 1a, DVIb and DV2 of the Granite Harbour Intrusives that intrude metasedimentary rocks of the Koettlitz Group. Allibone et al. (1993b) suggested a SVL terrane accretion event may have occurred about the same time as accretion of a terrane known as the Bowers terrane in northern Victoria Land (NVL) based on changing chemistry of the CambroOrdovician granitoids. Further, it is suggested that conglomerate clasts of the Sperm Bluff Formation may have been derived from this postulated terrane (Allibone et al., 1993b; and Turnbull et al., 1994). Following extensive fieldwork provenance studies and basin analysis of the sedimentary Sperm Bluff Formation are used here to test these ideas. The Sperm Bluff Conglomerate of Turnbull et al. (1994) is re-interpreted as the Sperm Bluff Formation and described using a lithofacies-based approach. The Sperm Bluff Formation is divided into six lithofacies including 1) Conglomerate Lithofacies; 2) Pebbly Sandstone Lithofacies; 3) Crossbedded Sandstone Lithofacies; 4) Parallelbedded Lithofacies; 5) Low-angle Crossbedded Lithofacies; and 6) Interbedded Siltstone/Sandstone Lithofacies. The intimate field association of the Conglomerate, Pebbly Sandstone and Crossbedded Sandstone Lithofacies ties them to the Conglomerate Lithofacies Association whereas the other three units are independent. The Conglomerate Lithofacies Association is interpreted to represent a wavedominated deltaic environment, based on the presence of broad channels, pervasive crossbedding, paleocurrent and trace fossil data. Both Parallel-bedded and Low-angle Crossbedded Sandstone Lithofacies are interpreted as a foreshore-shore face shallow marine setting on the basis of low-angle crossbeds and trace fossil assemblages. The Interbedded Siltstone and Sandstone Lithofacies is interpreted as an estuarine environment based on alternating siltstone/sandstone beds and the presence of flaser and lenticular bedding, small crossbedded dune sets, mud drapes, syneresis cracks and diverse paleocurrent directions. An estuarine setting is tentatively favoured over a lagoonal setting due to the presence of syneresis cracks small channels and the proximity to a river delta. I suggest that the Sperm Bluff Formation is likely a lateral correlative of the Altar Mt Formation of the Middle Taylor Group, in particular the Odin Arkose Member. This interpretation is based on arkosic nature of the sedimentary rocks, regional paleocurrent patterns, the presence of salmon pink grits at Gargoyle Turrets and trace fossil assemblages. The upper most lithofacies at Mt Suess, the Low-angle Crossbedded Sandstone Lithofacies that only occurs at this site is- suggested as a lateral correlative to the Arena Sandstone, which stratigraphically overlies the Altar Mt Formation, based on quartzose composition, clay matrix, stratigraphic position and trace fossils present. Provenance analysis was carried out on sedimentary rocks and conglomerate clasts using clasts counts of conglomerates, petrographic analysis of clasts, point counts of sandstones and clasts, geochemistry and V-Pb detrital zircon analysis. Conglomerate clasts lithologies include dominantly silicic igneous clasts and finely crystalline quartzite clast amongst other subordinate lithologies such as vein quartz, schist, schorl rock, gneiss and sandstone. Despite past identification of granitoid clasts in the Sperm Bluff Formation (Turnbull et al., 1994), none were found. Rhyolitic clasts of the Sperm Bluff Formation have compositions typical of highly evolved subduction related rocks, although they have undergone post-emplacement silicification. Wysoczanski et al. (2003) date rhyolite and tuff clasts between 497±17 Ma and 492±8 Ma, placing them within error of all three Dry Valley Magmatic Suites and removing the likelihood of correlation to NVL volcanic rocks. Petrographic analysis suggests they are components of a silicic magmatic complex. Chemically the volcanic clasts appear to represent a single magmatic suite (Sperm Bluff Clast Suite), and are clearly related to the Dry Valley Plutonic Suites. Although clasts are not constrained beyond doubt to one Suite, DV2 is the best match. Quartzite clasts of the Sperm Bluff Formation are too pure and old to be derived from a local source. Detrital zircon V-Pb ages for the quartzite suggest zircons were derived from the East Antarctic Craton, and that the quartzite source rocks were deposited prior to the Ross-Delamarian Orogeny. Quartzite with a similar age signature has not been identified; however, the Junction Formation sandstone of northwest Nelson has a similar age spectrum. Sandstones from the Sperm Bluff Formation indicate derivation from a felsic continental block provenance, which contain elements of volcanic, hyperbyssal and plutonic rocks. They are arkosic to quartzose in composition and conspicuously lack plagioclase. Detrital zircon analyses give a strong 500 Ma peak in all 3 samples, characteristic of a Ross-Delamarian Orogen source, with few other peaks. The dominance of a single peak is highly suggestive oflocal derivation. The sedimentary rocks of the Sperm Bluff Formation are interpreted to be derived predominantly from the basement rocks they now overlie. The presence of the regionally extensive Kukri Erosion Surface at the lower contact of the Beacon Supergroup rocks implies an intermediate source must have existed. This most likely contained all components of the formation. I suggest that the DV2 Suite was emplaced in a subsiding, extensional intra-arc setting. Erosion of the uplifted arc region probably occurred from Late Ordovician to Silurian times with deposition of sediments in a subsiding intra-arc basin. Erosion of the rhyolitic complex in this region probably occurred, however, it is likely that some was preserved. Inversion of this basin prior to the Devonian probably provided the means for these sediments to be deposited as the Sperm Bluff Fonnation.
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Carson, Nicholas Joseph. "The geology and geomorphology of the Denton Hills, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7467.
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This research is an integrated geological and geomorphological study into the Denton Hills area. The study area is part of the foothills to the Transantarctic Mountains, which divides East and West Antarctica, allowing an opportunity to investigate glacial events from both sides. As the study area is ice-free, it has allows good examination of the bedrock geology and has preserved geomorphological features allowing them to be examined and sampled.
Comprehensive geological map and geomorphological maps have been produced, extending the knowledge into the spatial distribution of units and features. Both the geological and geomorphological maps reveal a complex history of evolution. The original geological units have been subjected to deformation and intrusion of large plutons. The geomorphological mapping shows ice has flowed in alternate direction through the valleys, and the valleys have had long periods where they have been occupied by large proglacial lakes. As the Antarctic ice sheets expanded they flowed into the valleys either from the west, the Royal Society Range draining the East Antarctic Ice Sheet or from the east, McMurdo Sound. Ice would flow from McMurdo Sound when the West Antarctic Ice Sheet expanded causing the grounding line of the ice sheet to move north through the Ross Sea.
Surface exposure dating completed during the study has correlated the timing of glacial events to global cycles. The dating confirmed the presence of the large proglacial lake during the Last Glacial Maximum in the Miers Valley, which drained about 14 ka. The Garwood Glacier has also been directly linked to the Last Glacial Maximum with a moraine forming about 22 ka. The dating has also shown that during the Last Glacial Maximum there was little fluctuation in the size of glaciers draining the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, with features being date to the onset of the Last Glacial Maximum.
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ANTONINI, PAOLO. "SIGNIFICATO DEL MAGMATISMO GIURASSICO NEL VICTORIA LAND (ANTARTIDE): ASPETTI PETROGENETICI E GEODINAMICI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 1994. http://thesis2.sba.units.it/store/handle/item/12819.
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PELOROSSO, Beatrice. "Metasomatism vs Refertilisation: New Insights from Northern Victoria Land mantle xenoliths (Antarctica)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2403211.
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The petrology of anhydrous (Greene Point, Handler Ridge) and amphibole-bearing (Harrow Peaks, Baker Rocks) xenolith populations from Cenozoic volcanics of Northern Victoria Land(NVL), Antarctica, provide new geochemical/geodynamic constraints on the nature and evolution of the NVL lithospheric mantle. Based on mineral major and trace element modelling applied on the various xenolith suites, this mantle domain is supposed to represent a residuum after 10 to 20% of partial melting. Moreover, melting models and isotopic results evidence the large geochemical contribution of melt infiltration acting in different times, from at least Jurassic to Cenozoic. The close correlation between Greene Point clinopyroxene trace element contents and those from phenocrysts of Ferrar tholeiites, allows to ascribe the first refertilisation event to the Jurassic Ferrar magmatism; this asthenospheric melt was also able to transfer a garnet signature to some Northern Victoria Land mantle segment. The rare presence of glassy patches and related secondary phases in Greene Point and Handler Ridge, as well as the amphibole presence in Harrow Peaks and Baker Rocks xenoliths prove that alkaline metasomatism, probably related to the West Antarctic Rift System opening, heterogeneously affected the Northern Victoria Land lithospheric domain, this process is strictly related to the time just before xenolith’s rising and it spans in a time range of ~ 200 years. At a fixed P of 15 Kbar, T and fO2 were calculated; data reveal that the presence of amphibole (always < 3% modal content) does not influence the ambient redox conditions (comparable in amphibole-bearing and anhydrous Greene Point peridotites, Δlog fO2 (QFM) -0.7), but the anhydrous suite presents systematic higher temperature (950-1050 °C) than those amphibole bearing (850 °C).La studio petrologico degli xenoliti di mantello trasportati dalle lave Cenozoiche, affioranti nella Terra di Vittoria Settentrionale (Antartide), ha permesso di caratterizzare geochimicamente e geodinamicamente la natura e l’evoluzione di una porzione di mantello litosferico in una vasta area che si estende dal Mt. Melbourne 74°21′S 164°42′E fino ad Handler Ridge 72° 31’S 167° 18’E. Modelli di fusione basati sulla variazione di elementi maggiori e tracce, nelle principali fasi mineralogiche, hanno rilevato che questa porzione di mantello è stata sottoposta ad un processo di fusione parziale dal 10 fino al 20 %; a questo sono seguiti differenti processi di arricchimento, il primo è identificabile in una rifertilizzazione, dovuta all’ infiltrazione di fusi astenosferici a granato; esso è osservabile principalmente nell’area di Greene Point, dove modelli isotopici e caratteristiche geochimiche hanno permesso di relazionare questo processo al magmatismo tholeiitico del Giurassico, espresso nelle doleriti del Ferrar. Molti dei campioni mostrano caratteristiche tessiturali e geochimiche (fasi secondarie, arricchimenti geochimici in pirosseni) riferibili al metasomatismo alcalino, già ampliamente osservato precedentemente in aree limitrofe, esso è dovuto all’infiltrazione di fusi alcalini ed è relazionato all’ apertura del Rift Antartico Occidentale. Questo processo è strettamente legato al tempo di risalita degli xenoliti e può essere circoscritto ad un lasso temporale estremamente breve (~ 200 anni). Considerando gli equilibri basati sulla distribuzione Fe/ Mg all’interno delle principali fasi peridotitiche, sono state valutate le condizioni di temperatura e fugacità all’interno delle diverse località nodulifere, i dati rivelano che la presenza di anfibolo (modalmente sempre inferiore al 3 %) non influenza le condizioni di ossidoriduzione, ma le popolazioni anidre presentano sempre più alte temperature (950-1050 °C) rispetto alle idrate (850 °C).
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Hung, Chung-hing Mason, and 洪忠興. "A waterfront development strategy for Victoria Harbour." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125939X.
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Gowda, Krishne. "Land reclamation and its impact on environment : a case study of Victoria Harbour /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18139267.
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Chan, Yuet-ling, and 陳月玲. "Reclamation and pollution in Hong Kong with special reference to Victoria Harbour." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254494.
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Ross, Pierre-Simon, and n/a. "Volcanology of the Mawson Formation at Coombs and Allan Hills, South Victoria Land, Antarctica." University of Otago. Department of Geology, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070418.151642.
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The Jurassic Ferrar large igneous province of Antarctica contains significant mafic volcaniclastic deposits, underlying the Kirkpatrick flood basalts. In South Victoria Land, the mafic volcaniclastics are referred to as the Mawson Formation. At Coombs Hills, the Mawson is interpreted as filling a large vent complex, which was re-examined in detail to better understand vent-forming processes. Two contrasting types of cross-cutting volcaniclastic bodies were found in the complex, both of which are interpreted to have been forcefully emplaced from below into existing, non-consolidated debris. The first type consists of country rock-rich lapilli-tuff pipes. These are interpreted as fossilized remnants of subterranean debris jets which originated when phreatomagmatic explosions occurred near the walls or floor of the vent complex, causing fragmentation of both magma and country rock. The second type of cross-cutting body consists of basalt-rich tuff-breccias and lapilli-tuffs, some of which could have been generated by explosions taking place within pre-existing basalt-bearing debris, well away from the vent walls. Other basalt-rich zones, accompanied by domains of in situ peperite and coherent basalt, are inferred to have originated by less violent processes.
At nearby Allan Hills, the Mawson can be divided into two informal members, m₁ and m₂. Member m₁ is exposed only at central Allan Hills, consists essentially of sedimentary material from the underlying Beacon Supergroup, and is interpreted as a [less than or equal to]180 m-thick debris avalanche deposit. Most megablocks in m₁ were derived from the late Triassic Lashly Formation, parts of which were probably only weakly consolidated in the Jurassic. Sandstone breccias dominate volumetrically over megablocks within the deposits. This indicates pervasive and relatively uniform fragmentation of the moving mass, and probably reflects the weak and relatively homogeneous nature of the material involved. The avalanche flowed into a pre-existing topographic depression carved into the Beacon sequence, and flow indicators reveal a northeastward movement. Sparse globular basaltic megablocks suggest that Ferrar intrusions played a role in triggering the avalanche.
Member m₂, which is exposed at both central and southern Allan Hills, consists predominantly of metre-thick basaltic volcaniclastic layers that fall into three broad categories: (1) poorly sorted, coarse lapilli-tuff and tuff-breccia; (2) block-rich layers; (3) tuff and fine lapilli-tuff. The former type is interpreted as the deposits of high-concentration pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), probably formed during the collapse of phreatomagmatic eruption plumes. Occasional block-rich layers probably were formed by both ballistic fall from local vents and pyroclastic flows, and the finer-grained layers were probably deposited by dilute PDCs. Dilute, moist turbulent currents were also likely responsible for the generation and deposition of large ([less than or equal to]4.5 cm) rim-type accretionary lapilli. The thick layers are locally underlain by or interbedded with thin tuff ring-style volcaniclastic layers, and all the layers are underlain and invaded by basalt-rich tuff-breccias and lapilli-tuffs.
COMPLETE REFERENCE: Ross, P.-S. (2005) Volcanology of the Mawson Formation at Coombs and Allan Hills, South Victoria Land, Antarctica. PhD Thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 400 pages, 46 tables, 162 figures, plus appendices.
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Gilmer, Greer Jessie. "Paleoenvironmental Interpretations of the Lower Taylor Group, Olympus Range area, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1985.
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The Devonian Taylor Group, in the Olympus Range area, southern Victoria Land (SVL), Antarctica, is separated from the basement by a regional nonconformity (Kukri Erosion Surface). A second localized unconformity within the Taylor Group called the Heimdall Erosion Surface separates the New Mountain Sandstone and older units from the younger Altar Mountain Formation. The depositional environment of the New Mountain Sandstone has long been under contention. The New Mountain Sandstone Formation is a predominantly quartzose cross-bedded sandstone. Its newly defined Mt Jason Member is a coarse arkosic small scale cross-bedded pebbly sandstone that grades up section into the rest of the quartzose New Mountain Sandstone with large scale cross beds. The New Mountain Sandstone has been divided into five lithofacies including the Basal Conglomerate Lithofacies, Pebbly Sandstone Lithofacies, Granule Cross-bedded Lithofacies, Pinstripe Cross-bedded Lithofacies and Cross-bedded Sandstone Lithofacies. Deposition was in a shoreface environment with minor coastal aeolian deposition. The environment changed from upper shoreface to lower shoreface up section, forming transgressive to highstand systems tracts. The Heimdall Erosion Surface truncates the Cross-bedded Sandstone Lithofacies and the Pinstripe Cross-bedded Lithofacies and was formed due to relative sea level fall leading to exposure and erosion of underlying sedimentary and basement rocks. It forms a type 1 sequence boundary. The New Mountain Sandstone was partially or totally lithified before erosion as shown by the jagged morphology of the eroded cross beds on the surface. It is not known when cementation of the NMS took place or how much of the formation has been eroded. The Heimdall Erosion Surface and Kukri Erosion Surface converge locally due to erosion on the Heimdall Erosion Surface and relief on the Kukri Erosion Surface. The Heimdall Erosion Surface became a shore platform and the site of deposition as relative sea level rose. The Altar Mountain Formation with its Odin Member is a cross-bedded, massive and bedded feldspathic and quartzose sandstone that fines up section and is deposited on the erosion surface. The Altar Mountain Formation is divided into four lithofacies including the Conglomerate Lithofacies, Trough Cross-bedded Lithofacies, Cross-bedded Bioturbated Lithofacies and Bedded Fine Lithofacies. Deposition was in a shoreface environment, changing up section to an inner shelf environment with minor estuarine/tidal influence near the top of the section forming transgressive to highstand to regressive system tracts. The sedimentary rocks are derived mainly from the Granite Harbour Intrusives and Koettlitz Group, which underlie the sandstones, but were exposed elsewhere in SVL. The sandstone clasts within the Conglomerate Lithofacies could be derived from underlying older Taylor Group rocks or exotic sources from outside the field area. Correlation with data from adjacent areas suggests deposition of the New Mountain Sandstone occurred in a shallow sea that existed from the Olympus Range, southwards into the Asgard Range and included Vashka Crag. The area around Sponsors Peak and to the north was exposed and supplying feldspathic and quartzose sediment and pebbles into the depositional basin. As relative sea level fell due to either tectonic uplift or eustatic processes a large area of southern Victoria Land was exposed including the Olympus and Asgard Ranges and Bull Pass-St Johns Range area. This lead to erosion of the New Mountain Formation and basement rocks. Deposition of the New Mountain Sandstone continued further south shown by the gradational contact between it and the overlying Altar Mountain Formation. Relative sea level rise led to deposition of the Altar Mountain Formation. Shallow seas once more dominated the southern Victoria Land with deltas in the east (in the Bull Pass-St Johns Range area) feeding feldspathic sediment into the depositional basin (Odin Member). Further sea level rise drowned the delta region and a shallow marine to inner shelf environment led to deposition of the rest of the Altar Mountain Formation.
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Frost, Ken, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Soldier settlement after world war one in south western Victoria." Deakin University. School of Social and International Studies, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051125.102701.
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This thesis addresses the physical aspects of farming on soldier settlement blocks in south west Victoria. The undeveloped land, high establishment costs, stock losses through animal diseases and lack of managerial skills all contributed to the settlers' inability to meet their financial commitments. These factors are analysed, as are the effects of declining rural commodities prices during the 1920s and 1930s.
In addition, the relationship between the settlers and the successive administrative agencies is examined. The scheme was administered by the Closer Settlement Board from its inception until 1932 and much of the discussion during this period concerns the interaction between settler and inspector. Soldier settlement after World War One represented one of the last attempts to create a large body of 'yeoman' farmers. From the early 1920s there was an increasing dichotomy between the 'yeoman' and the 'managerial' ideologies. This dichotomy placed additional pressure on soldier settlers who were expected to be 'efficient' without adequate finances.
In the post C.S.B. era, the focus shifts to the attempts by the Closer Settlement Commission to salvage the scheme and its greater understanding of the problems faced by the settlers. While this part of the thesis necessarily becomes more political, the physical and financial environment in which the soldier settlers worked was still an important factor in their success or failure. Unlike the C.S.B. which tended to blame soldier settlers for their situation, the Commission acknowledged that settlers' ability to succeed was often constrained by circumstances beyond their control. Under the latter administration, instalments were written off, additional land was allocated and finally the blocks were revalued to guarantee the men at least some equity in their farms. Those settlers who had survived until these changes were instituted received a 'successful outcome of their life's work'.
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Vázquez, Becerra Guadalupe Esteban. "Geodesy in Antarctica a pilot study based on the TAMDEF GPS network, Victoria Land, Antarctica /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1236711490.
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Mulumba, Lukman Nagaya. "Land use effects on soil quality and productitivity in the Lake Victoria Basin of Uganda." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1095711869.
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Vazquez, Becerra Guadalupe Esteban. "GEODESY IN ANTARCTICA: A PILOT STUDY BASED ON THE TAMDEF GPS NETWORK, VICTORIA LAND, ANTARCTICA." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236711490.
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Mulumba, Lukman Nagaya. "Land use effects on soil quality and productivity in the Lake Victoria Basin of Uganda." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095711869.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 166 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-153).
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Pino, Ivano <1977>. "Monitoring Ice Velocity Field in Victoria Land (Antarctica) Using Cross-Correlation Techniques on Satellite Images." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1177/1/tesi_dottorato_ivano_pino.pdf.
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Pino, Ivano <1977>. "Monitoring Ice Velocity Field in Victoria Land (Antarctica) Using Cross-Correlation Techniques on Satellite Images." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1177/.
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Cleary, Susan J. Duffy Charles Gavan. "After the gold and the grass : the introduction of novel industries into the colony of Victoria 1862 to 1872 /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armc6234.pdf.
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Yeung, Hoi-yan. "Property rights to views : a study of the history of reclamation in Victoria Harbour /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24521036.
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Croggon, Janice. "Strangers in a strange land : Converging and accommodating Celtic identities in Ballarat 1851-1901." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2002. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/56461.
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"This thesis examines the paths by which four Celtic ethnic identities, Cornish, Welsh, Scottish and Irish, responded to the specific society and culture of the Victorian goldfields between 1850-1901. The individual Celtic groups intersected, harmonised and contested with each other in a process through which they retained their identities and yet managed to move towards becoming part of a larger, more-encompassing unity."Doctor of Philosophy
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Croggon, Janice. "Strangers in a strange land : converging and accommodating Celtic identities in Ballarat 1851-1901." University of Ballarat, 2002. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14598.
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"This thesis examines the paths by which four Celtic ethnic identities, Cornish, Welsh, Scottish and Irish, responded to the specific society and culture of the Victorian goldfields between 1850-1901. The individual Celtic groups intersected, harmonised and contested with each other in a process through which they retained their identities and yet managed to move towards becoming part of a larger, more-encompassing unity."Doctor of Philosophy
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Mensing, Teresa Marie. "Geology and petrogenesis of the Kirkpatrick Basalt, Pain Mesa and Solo Nunatak, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14873326364761.
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O'Toole, Timothy Finn. "The Lower Taylor Group: Taylor and Wright Valleys, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica; Paleoenvironmental Interpretations and Sequence Stratigraphy." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4202.
Full textAbstract:
The Devonian Taylor Group (the lower Beacon Supergroup), in the Taylor and Wright Valleys, southern Victoria Land (SVL), Antarctica, is separated from basement by a regional nonconformity, the Kukri Erosion Surface. Thereafter the Taylor Group sediments, observed in this thesis, are affected by two localized unconformities; the Windy Gully Erosion Surface, separating the Terra Cotta Siltstone Formation (TCzst) and older units from the younger overlying New Mountain Sandstone; and the Heimdall Erosion Surface (HES), separating the New Mountain Sandstone Formation (NMSst) and older units from the overlying Altar Mountain Formation. The depositional environments of the Windy Gully Sandstone, New Mountain Sandstone and Altar Mountain Formations have long been under debate.
The Kukri Erosion Surface (KES) truncates the crystalline basement and separates the basement rock from the overlying Beacon Supergroup. Interpretation of the erosion surface characteristics and the directly overlying basal conglomerate lithofacies (WG-BCL) suggest a high relief rocky shore platform environment during a sustained and significant relative sea level fall. The environment has been suggested to be similar to what is currently seen on the West Coast, New Zealand today.
The Windy Gully Sandstone Formation directly overlies the KES and consists of a basal conglomerate (WG-BCL) followed by moderately to well sorted tabular and trough cross bedded felds- to subfeldsarenites. At one location an interbedded siltstone and cross bedded sandstone lithofacies was observed and interpreted as a tidal flat. Overall interpretation of the WGSst suggests continued progradation from a rocky shore platform (WG-BCL) to a series low angle beach, to shallow marine, and back to low angle beach environments. This occurred during a relative sea level rise. Shallowing of the water column produced a gradational relationship with the Terra Cotta Siltstone Formation (TCzst).. The fine to very fine sandy mottled, well laminated siltstones moving to very fine fissile dark siltstones suggest a progression from sandy estuarine to a mud flat environment. The Terra Cotta Siltsone is truncated by the Windy Gully Erosion Surface
The Windy Gully Erosion Surface is observed in the Handsley Valley by the presence of TCzst rip-up clasts in the directly overlying New Mountain Sandstone Formation. Elsewhere the horizon is either very sharp or has desiccation cracks present suggesting a cessation of deposition and subaerial exposure respectively. This suggests a small relative fall in sea level with only localized erosion.
The New Mountain Sandstone Formation (NMSst) predominantly consists of a series of low angle tabular and higher angle trough cross beds. It has a subfeldsarenite base that progressively becomes a pure quartz arenites. Interpretation suggests an initial beach environment with rejuvenated sediments moving to quartzose shallow marine and back to beach environments. This represents a relative sea level rise with continued progradation
The NMSst is truncated in the north by the HES forming a characteristic saw tooth pattern in the cross bedded sandstones; elsewhere the HES is represented by a feldspathic influx moving into the Altar Mountain Formation. The HES was formed due to a significant relative sea level fall leading to exposure and erosion of lithified NMSst cross beds in the north but continuation of deposition in the south.
The Altar Mountain Formation consists of tabular and trough cross bedded subfields- to feldsarenites. The Odin Arkose Member directly overlying the HES is a granule to cobble conglomerate in the north where the HES is erosional and very coarse sand to granule feldsarenite in the south where the HES is conformable. This has been interpreted as a pebbly shore platform to coarse sandy to granular beach environment. The following Altar Mountain Formation is interpreted as a continuation of medium to coarse sandy beach environments with influxes of coarser sediments and possibly moving into shallow marine in places.
Sequence stratigraphy identifies three stratigraphic sequences: S1, the Windy Gully Sandstone and Terra Cotta Siltstone Formations; S2, the New Mountain Sandstone Formation; and S3, the Altar Mountain Formation. The first two sequences (S1&S2) show a clear progression through transgression to a high stand systems tract through regression to a low stand systems tract. The Altar Mountain Formation follows a very similar trend but due to the lack of time and data the above measures have been speculated.
Zircon age dating suggests the source of the sediments in the area come from the Neoproterozic Skelton Group and the DV2a Granite Harbour Intrusives, both directly underlying the sandstones but are exposed elsewhere in SVL. Laminated sandstone clasts within the New Mountain Basal Conglomerate Lithofacies (NM-BCL) are suggested to be sourced from recycled sediments directly below. Other exotic clasts are also observed in the lithofacies are of unknown origin.
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Yeung, Hoi-yan, and 楊愷欣. "Property rights to views: a study of the history of reclamation in Victoria Harbour." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242625.
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Mainville, Daniel Mark, and daniel mainville@dse vic gov au. "The Impacts of Agriculture and Plantation Forestry in a Selection of Upper Catchments of the Strzelecki Ranges, Victoria." RMIT University. Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080509.162820.
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The intensive nature of land uses in the Strzelecki Ranges poses significant threats to landscape values and water quality. A comprehensive catchment strategy was developed based on sustainability science concepts incorporating the careful management of landscape values, proper land management approaches, and government policy and legislative change to ensure that agriculture, forestry and other land uses become sustainable in this sensitive environment. The readily measurable water quality indicators of turbidity, flow, electrical conductivity, and water temperature were used to determine the impacts of the major land uses in the Strzeleckis. From a water quality perspective, there was a trend of decreasing water quality with increasing intensity in land management. However, from a total sediment load perspective, the forest area contributed the highest total sediment load due to higher volumes of steam flow suggesting that natural processes in the Strzeleckis may remain the principal mechanisms for sediment movement within the catchment. An incidental but significant finding was extensive bioturbation along the riparian zone of the plantation area, the extent of which was not observed in the other catchments. This finding suggested that bioturbation may have been the most significant contributor to poorer water quality flowing from in the plantation catchment. The project developed insights into the major environmental processes active in the upper catchment of the Morwell River. Understanding of the contributions to total sediment loads from natural erosional processes and bioturbation, findings related to the impacts on water quality from agricultural practices, and encountering negligible impacts from conservative timber harvesting practices demonstrate that catchment management approaches need to be tailored to achieve sustainability in land uses across the landscape. Key recommendations include the re-establishment and protection of riparian zones in agricultural catchments, the careful assessment and setting of stream buffer zone widths for timber harvesting operations, and the need for further work to map the extent of natural processes such as bioturbation and stream bank erosion. To mitigate these issues, government policy and legislation will need to focus on the preservation and enhancement of the Crown land riparian zones. Recommended changes to current administrative land management arrangements for these sensitive areas include a move from licensing riparian zones for agricultural practices such as grazing to conservation.
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Burgess, Anne. "Aboriginal Stories of Victoria Park: Negotiation, consultation and engagement. Navigating design consultation on colonised and contested urban land." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17969.
Full textAbstract:
In 2008, Col James, a senior lecturer at the University of Sydney, initiated a collaborative design project celebrating Aboriginal culture in Victoria Park, an historic public park on the outskirts of Sydney’s CBD. This project was supported by members of the Aboriginal community, but as the project progressed concerns were raised about the consultation process. A subsequent investigation identified poor consultation as a common trigger for failure in design projects for Aboriginal peoples. A review of the existing literature showed that most consultation guidelines are written for regional or remote areas, and little information is available for urban or contested locations. This research addressed these gaps in the literature by asking whose voices, ways of knowing and conferring authority are given precedent in consultation guidelines for design projects celebrating Aboriginal culture on colonised and urban land, and how might such design projects be best negotiated. Using an ‘outsider researcher’ perspective to address the interface of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal knowledge systems, the research adopts an outsider’s decolonising and post-colonial critical methodology informed by Linda Tuhiwai-Smith, Michel Foucault and Homi Bhabha. This approach foregrounds previously silenced voices through interviews conducted as guided conversations with Aboriginal Elders and Aboriginal and non-aboriginal design experts. Existing consultation guidelines are critically analysed to identify the different themes, world views, standpoints and agendas which inform them and the findings are then compared to identify correlations and disconnections with the interview findings. The thesis confirms that consultation for Aboriginal design projects in contested locations is a complex issue for designers requiring specialised skills, strategies and competencies to account for and accommodate for historically unequal power relationships between colonised Aboriginal peoples and non-aboriginal people. The thesis re-frames and re-presents the knowledge on consultation in a more fluid, dynamic and flexible form, revealing new understandings about design praxis that move towards the increased inclusion of Aboriginal peoples' voices, perspectives and practices in the design consultation process.
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Morris, Jason C. "The groma and the gladius : Roman surveyors in the later Republic : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Classics /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1318.
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Kenge, James Gunya. "Participatory watershed management to decrease land degradation and sediment transport in Kagera and Nyando catchments of Lake Victoria basin." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51952.
Full textAbstract:
Attention to participatory watershed management is increasing across the developing world as soil erosion continues to degrade agricultural land; reservoirs and irrigation infrastructure are clogged with sediment. The realization of the importance of watersheds is crucial for sustainable utilization especially in developing countries where rural livelihoods and economies are highly dependant on the exploitation of natural resources. The Lake Victoria basin is characterized by high population pressures, low productive subsistence agriculture, poor farming methods, loss of soil fertility and deforestation due to demand of fuel wood and charcoal, timber and building materials that are posing serious threat to watersheds. High population density in the basin also means new needs emerge too fast to which rural societies cannot respond in time leading to more area expansion for agricultural land. In spite of positive efforts under the Lake Victoria Basin Commission, there remains a huge gap between policy and institutional framework development at the top level and the actual implementation of actions on the ground to prevent land degradation, soil erosion and decrease sediment load. The study focused on Kagera and Nyando catchments of Lake Victoria Basin and aiming to establish if there exist and the extent to which participatory watershed management has been implemented on the ground to decrease land degradation and sediment load. It therefore provides an insight into watershed management in the Kagera and Nyando catchments by illustrating the link between policy formulation and actual implementation and enforcement.
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Siles, Brenda. "The Politics of Land Distribution: Ingenio Victoria de Julio- El Timal, a Case Study of Nicaraguan Rural Conflicts after 1990." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/77.
Full textAbstract:
One of the greatest legacies of the Sandinista Revolution was agrarian reform. Despite the amount of land redistributed, this process happened without any form of legal documentation to support the transfer of property from one owner to the next. The end of the civil war, the peace accords and the transition of power from left to right-wing parties produced conflicting policies that would bring high levels of complexity to the system of land tenure in the country. The case of the state-owned sugar mill, Ingenio Victoria de Julio – El Timal is of one the most emblematic examples of how slow and inefficient Nicaraguan institutions have been in solving land tenure issues in 26 years.
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Valentina, Corti. "Palynology and Paleobotany of Permo-Triassic Beacon Supergroup at Allan Hills, South Victoria Land, Antarctica: stratigraphical and paleoenvironmental change implications." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1133988.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays the Antarctic continent is almost entirely covered by ice (around 98% of the total land surface) and the conditions are inhospitable for vegetation, apart from very few species such as mosses and lichens.
During the geological time however, conditions were very different and the Phanerozoic fossil record documents several occurrences of vegetation remains also indicating the presence of wide high latitude forests. The life of plants in the continent was obviously strictly influenced by the evolving paleogeography and paleoenvironmental conditions and their mutual interactions during each time age of vegetation record.
The thesis project has been finalized to define, constrain and discuss with new field and laboratory data the most likely Late Permian and Triassic paleoenvironmental reconstructions for the Victoria Land region in Antarctica, on the basis of a new set of paleobotany and palynological investigations of the unique fossiliferous strata recently found in the Beacon Supergroup of Allan Hills (South Victoria Land).
The study was developed following a broad multidisciplinary and multi-analytical methodology in which paleobotany (including innovative approaches), palynology and palynostratigraphy methods and techniques play a key role in the reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental conditions and their changes through the time.
In the palynostratigraphic sequence of Allan Hills were recovered the EPE, a strata horizon with long-shaped inertinite probably referred to a paleo-fire, situated in the last level of coal of the Permian sequence; going up in the sequence the paleoflora is affected by deeply change, as an adaptation to the new environmental condition up to the PTB, were the major samples were completely inert, due to a poor presence of flora and a changing of the sedimentary condition. After the PTB the first palynomorphs recovered are associated to an intensive fungal and algae activity, and just at the end of the Early Triassic, the flora came back to be flourishing, even if with a quite completely new association of pollen and spores, where is dominant the genus of Alisporites in the whole Middle and Late Triassic. The genus of Alisporites is probably linked to the Dicroidium macroflora, playing a central role during the Triassic time, replacing the Glossopteris flora which, on the other hand, dominated the Permian landscape. The Dicroidium, together with other genera, were recovered in great abundance in the Middle Triassic deposits of the Lashly Formation in Allan Hills, particularly within a horizon containing a so-called “Allan Hills Fossil Forest”, even if the term “forest “ is not strictly pertinent, as a way the trunks were deposited and transported by a massive flow, and no more in the growth-position.
With an innovative technique was possible to reconstruct the main differences between the trunks there deposited and some other Permian fossil trunks outcropping in other areas of South Victoria Land. From this study, after a completely reconstruction of 237 years, that is the longest life-time never done for so old samples, were possible to note that the amplitude of the rings is probably linked to the amount of hours of sunlight during the years, so they are linked to the latitude to which the land was at time life-time of the trees.
The last topic analysed about the “Allan Hills fossil forest” is the peculiar kind of fossilization, with a multianalytic approach were in fact possible to reconstruct modalities of coalification/charcoalification and multi-phase fossilization.
The PAHs analysis highlights the presence of a high percentage of PAHs >4 ringed polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, that are typical attribute to pyrogenetic materials as fluoranthene, 9,10-dimethylanthracene and Pyrene, moreover also the δ13C measured on the growth tree rings shows a shifting of the curve in the more external rings, as an enrichment of 13C due to a partial combustion.
After a first phase where the trunks were partially burned due to paleofires, they were transported through massive water flows. Subsequently, they were buried, deformed and petrified by a massive silica gel, probably occurred mainly during the Jurassic sill intrusion. The last step of the fossilization is the precipitation of calcite in a rounded shape occurred for some samples.
Taken together the results of the study provide new important constraints and implications for reconstructing the history of sedimentary processes and coupled changing of the paleo-flora during a transition of deeply transformation of the biodiversity linked to the onset of greenhouse conditions, which occurred after the Permo-Triassic boundary, particularly during the Early Triassic.
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MacGregor, Angus James. "A palaeoecological reconstruction of the Lower Snowy River, East Gippsland, Victoria : environmental response to climate change, land use, and river regulation /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AEVH/09aevhm147.pdf.
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Elsner, Martin [Verfasser], Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Gaupp, and Hilmar von [Akademischer Betreuer] Eynatten. "Triassic to early Jurassic sandstones in North Victoria Land, Antarctica : composition, provenance, and diagenesis / Martin Elsner. Gutachter: Reinhard Gaupp ; Hilmar von Eynatten." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016555075/34.
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Land, Victoria van der [Verfasser], Diana [Akademischer Betreuer] Hummel, and Uta [Akademischer Betreuer] Ruppert. "The environment-migration nexus reconsidered : why capabilities and aspirations matter / Victoria van der Land. Betreuer: Diana Hummel. Gutachter: Uta Ruppert ; Diana Hummel." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1099428548/34.
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Segger, Cara. "Landscapes in transition at the northern edge of downtown Victoria." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/735.
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Sauter, Jennifer Anne. "Identifying land for community gardens in the City of Victoria: exploring the process of creating and conducting an urban agriculture land inventory." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5664.
Full textAbstract:
The City of Victoria is experiencing increased food insecurity due to its location on Vancouver Island in British Columbia, and a lack of food production in the city. The practice of urban agriculture presents a potential solution, enhancing food security by localizing resources, while increasing access and participation with local food production. Based on urban agriculture land inventories (UALIs) conducted in Portland, Vancouver and Nanaimo, my research evaluates and develops site selection criteria specific to Victoria for conducting a community garden land inventory focused on identifying land for allotment and commons gardens. I also examine the underlying barriers or supports for allotting land to urban agriculture in Victoria. To generate site selection criteria and explore the barriers and supports, I conducted interviews with urban agriculture experts, including city planners; community garden activists, educators and individuals involved in non-profits, and urban producers engaged in urban food production. The site selection criteria were further assessed as primary criteria for their application in GIS or secondary criteria to be considered during site visits. The final primary site selection criteria were land use and type, water availability (within 6.8 m), proximity to density users (within 400 m), minimum size thresholds of 1189.2 m2 for allotment gardens and 139.4 m2 for commons gardens, and excluding buildings, heritage designations, and protected green space. The analysis of the primary criteria resulted in a map illustrating 248 potential sites for community gardens in Victoria, whereby 213 were only suitable for commons gardens and 35 were suitable for allotment or commons gardens due to the larger size threshold. Four of the resulting sites were ground-truthed using site visits, and had medium to high potential for community gardens. The site visits documented secondary criteria, including proximity to community hub or prominent location, sunlight, ecologically sensitive area, cedar trees, and pollinator habitat or vegetation. Highlights from the interviews included identifying the most influential factors to allotting land to urban agriculture: the perception and awareness of urban agriculture, the community, the politics of City Council and staff support, and the costs or financial supports associated with community gardens. Overall, this research provides a model for the decision making process behind establishing an UALI, and contributes to understanding the challenges to allotting land to agriculture in the urban environment.Graduate
0768
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jsauter@uvic.ca
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Winter, Diane Marie. "Diatom biostratigraphy and early to mid-Pliocene paleoecology, southern Victoria Land Basin, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica." 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1694433091&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=14215&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009.Title from title screen (site viewed July 21, 2009). PDF text: xi, 160 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 5.84 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3350458. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.
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Robin, ED. "Captain Charles Swanston : ‘man of the world’ and Van Diemen’s Land merchant statesman." Thesis, 2017. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23808/1/Robin_whole_thesis.pdf.
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For two decades in the development of Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania), Captain Charles Swanston (1789−1850) was one of the most influential men in Hobart Town. In the time-honoured tradition of the nineteenth century British Empire, he was the very model of a Merchant Statesman, strengthening the link between commercial enterprise and colonial good. Between 1829 and 1850 Swanston was managing director of the renowned Derwent Bank, Member of the Van Diemen’s Land Legislative Council, an internationally-recognised entrepreneur and merchant, an instigator of the settlement of Melbourne and the Geelong region and a civic leader. His strategic skills, business acumen, far-sightedness and bold ambition contributed significantly to Van Diemen’s Land’s transition from an island prison to a free economy. Yet after the Derwent Bank’s failure in September 1849 and his mysterious death at sea a year later, Swanston’s name faded into the shadows of history.
By shining a penetrating light on the colourful life and times of Swanston, this study advances understanding of the role of mercantile ambition in the foundation and growth of the nineteenth century colonies of Tasmania and Victoria. It paints a vivid picture of mercantile networks, endeavours, political aspirations and disappointments. Based on an examination of the voluminous records of the Derwent Bank, family records and other primary sources, it examines Swanston’s trajectory from his childhood in the Scottish Borders and service with the 12th and 24th Regiments of the Madras Native Infantry of the Honourable East India Company to his high status in Van Diemen’s Land. It illustrates the driving urge of early capitalists to acquire property and how their belief in the unassailable value of land led many, like Swanston, to financial ruin when the severe depression of the 1840s reduced land values to below the level of their mortgages and bank loans.
Swanston operated under the administrative regimes of successive Lieutenant-Governors Colonel George Arthur, Sir John Franklin, Sir John Eardley Eardley-Wilmot and Sir William Denison. These were tumultuous times, exacerbated by diminishing internal revenue, increasing numbers of transported convicts, a lack of responsiveness from the Colonial Office in London, the growing desires of settlers and a strident demand for political representation. The despondency that characterised Swanston’s last years in Van Diemen's Land occurred during the period that Hobart Town lost its commercial advantage as a port for whaling and trading vessels from around the world and when the broad horizons across Bass Strait beckoned away many ambitious people. While the opportunities of the new lands in Victoria did not save Swanston, he had played a critical role in their settlement, especially in establishing some founding flocks of Victoria’s great wool industry. His 1837 prescience that: ‘Port Phillip is established and flourishing and cannot fail to be a great Colony’ is manifest in the bustling metropolis of Melbourne today. Its central thoroughfare, Swanston Street, perpetuates his name. Swanston was a player in the expanding and volatile world of international capitalism. His biography adds an important chapter to the economic and political history of Australia.
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Mackin, Nancy. "Architecture, development and ecology : Garry Oak and Peri - urban Victoria." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10661.
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This thesis seeks to explain how site-scale design decisions can assist retention of rare plant
communities concentrated in and near settled areas. To do so it focuses on a specific species
and development context. Explanations are sought through examination of case studies of landuse
developments in proximity to retained Garry oak plant communities located in the perimeter
of Victoria, British Columbia. In the study region, exponential declines in species populations,
health, and diversity of rare Garry oak ecosystems have been largely attributed to impacts from
land-use developments. Over the past century, land-use developments have transformed the
floral, spatial, structural and functional characteristics of the settled landscape. Isolated islands
of imperiled plant associations remain on protected bioreserves: for recruitment and
connectivity, these rare fauna rely on private-land greenways. Architectural teams have the
potential to influence the decision-making processes that create ecologically-vital greenspace on
private land, thereby enhancing survival for declining plant communities. Case-study evidence
for the importance of land-use decisions on diminishing Garry oak meadow is gathered through
vegetation surveys conducted on Garry oak meadow in proximity to six architectural projects on
Victoria's western edge. Observed changes in growth extensions are then categorized in relation
to human activities associated with built form, and correlated with principles from Landscape
Ecology. An ARC of design strategies, developed in primary research by K. D. Rothley is
adapted for architectural use as follows: firstly, AREA of a plant community is kept free of
encroachment by the orderly frame established around vegetation; secondly, RARE SPECIES
and habitat are identified with borders or signage; thirdly, CONNECTIVITY between retained
landscapes is secured by siting roads and buildings to minimize ecosystem fragmentation. To
effectively communicate preexisting landscape ecology principles, grouped under the ARC of
strategies, illustrations and key-word phrases are developed. These principles, when integrated
into architectural teams' structural knowledge, extend the architects' perceived role beyond
aesthetics and economic efficiency. Enhancing habitat value through retention or restoration of
rare ecosystems at the margins of suburban development, becomes an additional realm of
influence for professional teams designing the spatial configurations of peri-urban landscapes.
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Kidd, Jeffrey N. "The development and investigation of a systems model of farm tourism in Victoria." Thesis, 2003. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/17940/.
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The marketing of farms for tourism and recreation purposes has been taking place for
many years. Farmers have frequently sought to supplement their farm income
through providing accommodation and recreation facilities to paying guests. This
study concentrates on one state of Australia, Victoria, and has two main aims. The
first aim is to develop a systems model of farm tourism that reveals the roles played
by various stakeholders. The second aim is to examine farm tourism from a systems
perspective, and to explore the attitudes of both farmers and guests to their
experiences. In addition, the comments of local government authorities are also
investigated.
The purpose of the study, in broad terms, is to develop a systems model of farm
tourism in Victoria, Australia. In order to do this, the study reviews the literature and
then examines the evolution and development of farm tourism in general, through a
detailed analysis of the relationships between host farm operators and their visitors. is hoped that the present study will shed some light on an industry which has been
largely ignored by most writers and researchers in the different disciplines represented
in this topic.
The research objectives are, firstly, to develop a systems model of farm tourism;
secondly, to examine and describe the scope of farm tourism in Victoria, from the
point of view of the farmer; thirdly, to describe the evaluation of the farm tourism
experience by the guests who have visited farms in Victoria; and, finally, to
investigate the attitudes and involvement of local government bodies in Victoria to
farm tourism.
Tourism in general is examined, as well as the relationship between agriculture and
tourism, leading to a discussion of the definition of rural tourism. General trends in
rural tourism are identified, and their relevance to farm tourism is explained. The
definition of farm tourism is then covered, with commentary on the application of the
characteristics of tourism to the farm tourism industry. Trends in farming are
mentioned, which point to the importance of farm tourism as an alternative source of
income for the farmer, and a useful form of diversification from farm operations,
reducing dependence on one source of income. The concepts of leisure and recreation
are also considered, and their relevance to farm tourism is identified.
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Choudhury, Madhumita [Verfasser]. "Biodiversity and zoogeography of the Isopoda (Crustacea: Malacostraca) from the Victoria Land coast, Ross Sea, Antarctica / vorgelegt von Madhumita Choudhury." 2009. http://d-nb.info/995302103/34.
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CONTE, ANTONELLA. "Phylogenetic diversity and metabolic potential of prokaryotic communities in permafrost and brine pockets of perennially frozen Antarctic lakes (Northern Victoria Land)." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11570/3103944.
Full textAbstract:
Permafrost can be defined soil material which lies at temperature below 0 °C for at least two years due to a continuously frozen state. The depth of permafrost table is variable and changes depending on the seasonally temperature. Permafrost table should be not considered as a unique layer, as it is stratified in active layer, talik and brine. Active layer is the portion of soil above the permafrost table. It is called active because its physic status is seasonally modified by thawing and freezing changes, thus becoming active in interconnection with the atmosphere. This layer plays an important role in cold regions because most ecological, hydrological, biogeochemical activities take place within it. This depth varies during different seasons and locations, from 2 cm in the coldest area to 100 cm in the warmer area. Talik is a layer of unfrozen ground in a permafrost area. Talik may have temperatures above 0 °C or below 0 °C. Brines are amounts of liquid water, which is a salt water basin within permafrost table formed during winter season. The brine formation depends on the increase of salt concentration in groundwaters under or behind permafrost, combined to evaporation and halite dissolution processes that generate the formation of veins and pockets of salt liquid that does not frozen under 0 °C. Permafrost is considered as an extreme environment due to its physiochemical features, namely low temperature, oligotrophic nature of sediments and water availability. Microorganisms that live in this environment are generally psychrophiles, which had successfully colonized all cold environments adapting their enzymes to permit them to survive and function in extreme habitats. The study of the permafrost and brine is therefore important to understand microorganism adaptations to extreme environments. For these reasons, the aim of the present Thesis was the study of structure and functions of the prokaryotic communities inhabiting Antarctic permafrost and brines. Permafrost samples were collected during different Antarctic campaigns from three sites (i.e. Edmonson Point, Boulder Clay and Dry Valleys) at different depths, while brine samples derived from lakes at Tarn Flat and Boulder Clay (in the inland and on the coast, respectively). Culture-independent (e.g. NGS sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and CARD-FISH) and culture-dependent (e.g. evaluation of best isolation method using basal and rich media at different concentrations of nutrient, identification and phenotypic characterization of bacterial isolates) approaches were used to investigate for the first time the composition, activity and adaptation of microbial assemblages in permafrost samples collected in Antarctica. The study was divided in two different chapters: the first one dealing with permafrost samples and the second one on brine samples. The first objective of this work was the analysis of the prokaryotic community inhabiting permafrost samples and the comparison of the different kind of samples among the communities. For this purpose, permafrost samples of different geomorphological eras were selected, from active layer to the oldest samples to ice permafrost. The samples were collected at Edmonson Point (active layer, EP), Boulder Clay (BC-1, BC-2 and BC-3) and Dry Valleys (oldest permafrost, DY). The culture-independent approach was applied for the sole active layer (EP). Such layer was chosen because it is continually in inter-connection with the atmosphere and changes seasonally due to the alternation between the thawed and frozen states, becoming an ecological niche colonized by diverse and functionally cold-adapted microbial assemblages, which adapt themselves to the seasonally changes of temperature, water availability and ice presence. The results showed a total of 330 OTUs distributed in 10 different bacterial phyla, with the predominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, followed by the Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The Gemmatimonadetes, Chlorobi and Cyanobacteria constituted a minor component in the sample EP. Differences in the relative abundances were observed for sequences affiliated to proteobacterial classes as they were mainly referred to the Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria, whereas the Delta- and Epsilonproteobacteria were less represented. A number of sequences were not identified at phylum level. At genus level, Lactobacillus (among Firmicutes), Nitrospira (among Nitrospirae), Marmoricola and Propionibacterium (among Actinobacteria), were the more represented. The culture-dependent approach was used with two strategies of cultivation, direct plating of diluted cell suspensions on agar media and enrichment in liquid media before plating. All the isolates were phylogenetically affiliated. Enumeration of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria showed an order of 103 CFU g-1 by direct plating, while after enrichment in TSB at different strengths, viable counts were three to six orders of magnitude higher than those obtained by direct plating. Overall, the cultivable bacteria were distributed within five different taxa, with the predominance of Firmicutes, followed by Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. Members in these two latter groups were isolated only after enrichment, with the Alphaproteobacteria that were obtained only from BC samples and Betaproteobacteria only from sample EP. At genus level, the strains were affiliated mainly to Bacillus, Arthrobacter and Sporosarcina. The cultivation on R2 Agar medium, an oligotrophic medium, was the best method for the recovery of bacteria from Antarctic permafrost samples. Diluted media (i.e. TSA50 and TSA1) generally yielded lower numbers of bacterial colonies than full strength media (i.e. TSA100 and R2A). The molecular approaches were useful to recovery a high number of sequences. The phyla retrieved were typical of soil, and some sequences were related to unknown or unclassified bacteria. This could suggest that they are unique to Antarctic soils or that similar environments globally have not been microbiologically well characterized.
The second part of work was the analysis of prokaryotic communities inhabiting brines using culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches. The samples were collected from two Boulder Clay lakes (BC1, BC2 and BC3) and in a Tarn Flat lake (TF4 and TF5), at different depths. TF4 and TF5 brines were collected from the same borehole, while BC1 and BC2 from the same lake and BC3 in a second lake in the Boulder Clay site. The abundance and diversity, using microscopy, was detected using DAPI staining and CARD-FISH methods and was in the range of 106-107 cells mL-1. The CARD-FISH analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were predominant in similar percentage, except for BC2 that presented Bacteroidetes as the only predominant phylum. The NGS sequencing method was used for the analysis of the total bacterial community, the active community (BC1, BC2 and BC3 only) and the Archaeal community. For the total community, TF5 was the highest diverse sample (Shannon index of 1.981) followed by BC1 (1.783), whereas BC2 was the lowest diverse sample (1.087). Total bacterial community composition was similar in phyla percentage and was represented by Proteobacteria followed by Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. At genus level, Flavobacterium and Algoriphagus were best represented in Boulder Clay samples, while Ulvibacter, Marichromatium, Marinobacter and Shewanella were best represented in Tarn Flat samples. The active bacterial community was represented by Bacteroidetes, followed by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. At genus level, Caldimicrobium (among Thermodesulfobacteria), Flavobacterium and Algoriphagus (among Bacteroidetes) and Lebetimonas (among Epsilonproteobacteria) were predominant. The Archaeal community structure was highest in BC1 (Shannon index 1.178) al lowest in BC2 (0.4084) and was represented by Euryarchaeota, followed by Crenarchaeota and Ancient_Archaeal_Group. The predominant order were Methanopyrales, Methanobacteriales and Methanosarcinales, anaerobic methanogens often isolated from hydrothermal vents. The statistical analysis showed a similarity between TF4 and TF5 and BC2 and BC3, while BC1 was totally distant from the other samples. The culture-dependent methods showed a CFU abundance of 103 and 223 isolates that were shared between Boulder Clay and Tarn Flat samples. The phylogenetic affiliation of isolates showed a high presence of Proteobacteria followed by Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The genera mainly represented were Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Marinobacter, Leifsonia, Carnobacterium and Sporosarcina. These strains were assayed for different capabilities and potentials, different growth conditions (pH, NaCl percentage, temperature), production of extracellular enzymes (catalase, oxidase, hemolysis, DNAse), hydrolysis of complex substances (agarase, lipase, gelatinase, amylase, chitinase), antibiotic susceptibility, pollutant tolerance and biotechnological potential (EPS production, pollutant degradation, inhibitory activity). Numerous isolates grew in the presence of NaCl 19 %, mainly affiliated to Psychrobacter, all strains were able to growth between 6-7 to 9 pH range and all strains were able to growth at 4 and 15 °C (only Marinobacter sp. at 4 °C), 38 strains from TF and all strains from BC were able to grow at 25 °C. Few strains were able to tolerate antibiotics, in particular ampicillin was the best tolerated, while for heavy metals nickel and copper were the best tolerated metals, instead cadmium were no tolerated. EPS production was showed by seven strains, mainly belonging to Pseudomonas sp., while ten strains were able to degrade Aroclor 1242 at 4 and 15 °C (mainly belonging to Rhodobacter sp.). Two strains were further assayed for biodegradative efficiency and about 80-90 % of congeners were removed.
One aim of this work was to analyze the viable bacterial community in brine samples in order to understand the life in such extreme and harsh environment, which has been poorly studied. In conclusion, this study allowed to compare extreme habitats, such as Antarctic permafrost and brines, using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. The use of different approaches was helpful to have a more complete profile of the present situation in these environments and to understand the past matters through more detailed analysis. These environments represent the terrestrial model of such exobiological niches with their unique halotolerant and aerobic psychrophilic community, that is a possible model for extraterrestrial life.