Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Victoria History To 1834'
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1
Livingstone, Janet Elizabeth. "Pauper education in Victorian England : organisation and administration within the New Poor Law, 1834-1880." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282827.
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Mindenhall, Dorothy Norah. "'Work and win' : John Teague (1835-1902), Cornish architect and migrant adventurer in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269834.
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Wesson, Sue C. 1955. "The Aborigines of eastern Victoria and far south-eastern New South Wales, 1830-1910 : an historical geography." Monash University, School of Geography and Environmental Science, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8708.
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Maxengana, Nomalungisa Sylvia. "The impact of missionary activities and the establishment of Victoria East, 1824-1860." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006292.
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This thesis covers a period of drastic change in that part of Xhosaland later known as Victoria East. Chapters one and two deal with the clash between the Glasgow missionaries at Lovedale and the amaXhosa who were expected to simply discard their way of life in favour of the new dispensation. Chapter three explains the arrival in the Eastern Cape of the amaMfengu, formerly called abaMbo, and their role in the divisive policies of the colonial government. Chapter four recounts the brief interlude (1836-1846) during which the colonial government tried but ultimately rejected a more equitable model of cross-border relations known as the Treaty System. The final chapter deals with the introduction of direct rule over the newly-created district of Victoria East, and with the policies of Henry Calderwood, its first magistrate, which were artfully constructed to perpetuate ‘Divide and Rule’ so as to maintain a comfortable life for the white settlers in the border area.
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Ellison, Robert H. (Robert Howard). "Orality-Literacy Theory and the Victorian Sermon." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279297/.
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In this study, I expand the scope of the scholarship that Walter Ong and others have done in orality-literacy relations to examine the often uneasy juxtaposition of the oral and written traditions in the literature of the Victorian pulpit. I begin by examining the intersections of the oral and written traditions found in both the theory and the practice of Victorian preaching. I discuss the prominent place of the sermon within both the print and oral cultures of Victorian Britain; argue that the sermon's status as both oration and essay places it in the genre of "oral literature"; and analyze the debate over the extent to which writing should be employed in the preparation and delivery of sermons.
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Hughes, Kathryn. "Going a governessing : the Victorian governess 1830-1900." Thesis, Keele University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290289.
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Orrin, Geoffrey. "Church building and restoration in Victorian Glamorgan, 1837-1901." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683172.
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Gould, Glenice. "A history of the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital 1874-1982." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336982.
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Hopkins, Renee Anderson. "The Public Health Movement in Victorian England, 1831-1875." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501199/.
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In early Victorian England, a coalition of men of Government and the local community established a centralized and uniform policy toward public health. The long and arduous campaign (1831-1875) for public health impelled the need to solve the serious social, political and economic problems spawned by the Industrial Revolution. This study concludes that Britain's leaders came to believe that Government indeed had an obligation to redress grievances created by injustice, a decision which meant the rejection of laissez-faire. Through legislation based on long study, Parliament consolidated the work of sanitation authorities, trained medical officers, and essential environmental improvements. The public sanitation program soon decreased the mortality rate by breaking the frequent cycle of cholera, typhoid, typhus, and dysentery plagues, all this notwithstanding that no doctor of that age knew that bacteria and viruses caused disease.
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Richardson, Elsa. "Extraordinary powers of perception : second sight in Victorian culture, 1830-1910." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8966.
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In the mid-1890s the London based Society for Psychical Research dispatched researchers to the Scottish Highlands and Islands to investigate an extraordinary power of prophecy said to be peculiar to the residents of these remote regions. Described in Gaelic as the An-da-shealladh or ‘the two sights’, and given in English as ‘second sight’, the phenomenon was most commonly associated with the vision of future events: the death of neighbour, the arrival of strangers into the community, the success or failure of a fishing trip and so forth. The SPR were not the first to take an interest in this pre-visionary faculty, rather they joined a legion of scientists, travel writers, antiquarians, poets and artists who had made enquires into the topic from the end of the seventeenth century. This thesis examines the remarkably prominent position enjoyed by Scottish second sight in the Victorian popular imagination. In seeking to appreciate why a strange visionary ability was able to make claims upon the attention of the whole nation where other folk motifs were consigned to the realms of specialist interest only, this project charts its migration through a series of nineteenth-century cultural sites: mesmerism and phrenology, modern spiritualism and anthropology, romance literature and folklorism, and finally psychical research and Celtic mysticism. Binding these individual case studies together is a cast of shared actors - Walter Scott, Catherine Crowe, William Howitt, Marie Corelli, Andrew Lang and Ada Goodrich Freer - and a focus on their common investigative and creative cultures. My interest is with how the power of second sight, once defined as a supernatural occurrence tied to the geographically distant and mysterious Scottish Highlands, comes to be transformed by the close of the nineteenth century, into a supra-normal facet of the psyche, potentially accessible and exploitable by all.
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Furlong, Claire Rosemary. "Bodies of knowledge : science, medicine and authority in popular periodicals, 1832-1850." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18117.
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Over the course of the 1830s and 1840s, a professional scientific and medical community was coming into being. Exclusive membership, limits to the definition of science, and separation of the professional from the popular sphere became important elements in the consolidation of scientific authority. Studies exploring Victorian scientific authority have tended to focus on professional journals and organs of middle-class culture; this thesis takes a new approach in exploring how this authority is reflected and negotiated across the content of the popular mass-market periodicals which provided leisure reading for working- and lower-class men and women. It uses as examples Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, Reynolds's Miscellany and the Family Herald. The readers of these publications were consumers of scientific information, participants in popularised science and beneficiaries and subjects of new research, but were increasingly excluded from the formal processes of developing scientific theory and practice. Examining representations of anatomy and of mesmerism, health advice and theories of class and gender, the thesis argues for an expanded understanding of mass-market periodicals as communicators of scientific ideas, showing how such material widely informs the content of these publications from fiction to jokes to full-length factual articles. However, the role of the periodicals is much wider than simply the transmission of received ideas, and the thesis reveals a plurality of positions with regard to science and medicine within the popular press. The periodicals engage with modern science in complex and varied ways, accepting, modifying and challenging scientific theories and methods from different positions. The form of the periodical is key, presenting multiple sources of knowledge and ways in which readers may be invited to respond. Chambers's broad support for scientific progress is informed by its useful knowledge identity but tempered by its founding editor's own ambivalent relationship to the scientific establishment. The Herald, influenced by both the periodical's commercial character and its editor's adherence to a spiritual, anti-materialist view of existence, is strongly resistant to modern science, while Reynolds's incorporates it alongside other forms of knowledge in its aim to educate, entertain and empower readers from a socialist perspective.
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Geslot, Jean-Charles. "Une histoire du XIXème : la biographie de Victor Duruy (1811-1894)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS007S.
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La figure de Victor Duruy (1811-1894) a traversé le XIXème siècle, dont il connut toutes les mutations, et dont il fut à la fois le témoin, le reflet et l'acteur. Grandi à la manufacture des Gobelins, auprés d'un père qui avait connu une réelle ascension sociale, il en hérite un véritable désir de promotion, que lui permet en partie de réaliser sa fréquentation de l'enseignement secondaire, au collège Sainte-Barbe puis à l'Ecole normale. Sous l'influence de Jules Michelet, il se tourne vers l'histoire et choisit l'enseignement. Sa carrière professorale connaît une évolution chaotique, au gré le plus souvent des changements politiques. Ses manuels d'histoire sont en bien des points d'un type nouveau et, avec la collaboration de son éditeur Louis Hachette, il se lance dans des collections d'ouvrages classiques et de vulgarisation historique qui connaissent un grand succès. Ministre de l'Instruction Publique de 1863 à 1869, il accomplit une oeuvre réformatrice à l'ampleur inégalée, et dont l'impact à court et à long terme est immense. Il agit dans tous les ordres d'enseignement, dans le sens d'une revalorisation des questions d'enseignement, d'une modernisation du système éducatif, d'une extension systématique des publics scolaires et d'un renforcement de la recherche. Victime des ambigui͏̈tés politiques de l'Empire "libéral", il quitte le pouvoir en 1869, consacrant sa retraite à ses ouvrages historiques, qui lui valent, malgré leur classicisme hagiographique, une importante notoritété. Eminente figure de la République des lettres, il est trois fois membre de l'Institut, parrain de l'école méthodique et une référence pour les réformateurs républicains. C'est aussi un représentant de l'élite sociale, dont le mode de vie et les valeurs sont typiques de la bourgeoisie, comme de la génération romantique à laquelle il appartient. Les nombreux hommages qu'on lui rend à sa mort sont le signe de l'influence considérable qu'il aura eue sur son époqueThe figure of Victor Duruy (1811-1894) has gone through the 19th Century, of which he knew every change, and of which he was altogether witness, reflection and actor. Brought up at the "Manufacture des Gobelins", next to a father who had known a real social ascent, he inherits from him a genuine desire for promotion, which partly enables him to achieve his secondary education, first at the College Sainte-Barbe, the Ecole Normale. Under the influence of Jules Michelet, he turns to history and chooses teaching. His teaching career experiences a chaotic evolution, mostly according to political changes. His history books are in many instances of a new type and, with the collaboration of his publisher Louis Hachette, he launches out into collections of school books and historical vulgarisation books, which enjoy a huge success. Minister of Public Instruction from 1863 to 1869, he accomplishes a reformatory work of unrivalled scale, with an immense impact both on a long term and short term. He acts in all the orders of teaching, in the sense of a revaluation of teaching issues, a modernisation of the educative system, a systematic extension of the school public and a reinforcement of research. A victim of the political ambiguities of the Empire liberal, he withdraws from the government in 1869, dedicating his retirement to historical books, to which he owes, in spite of their historiographical classicism, an important notoriety. An eminent figure of the Republique des Lettres, he is three times a member of the Institute, a patron of the Ecole Methodique, and a reference to republican reformers. He is also representative of the social elite, whose way of life and values are typical of the Bourgeoisie, as well as of the romantic generation which he belongs to. The tremendous homage he is paid at his death is the sign of the considerable influence he will have had on his era
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Alatainio, N. (Noora). "Levantti kirkonmiehen silmin:turkkilaiskuvaukset pastori Richard Burgessin matkapäiväkirjassa 1834." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201802131233.
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Welsh, David Roy. "The reform of urban policing in Victorian England : a study of Kingston upon Hull from 1836 to 1866." Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4701.
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Chapter 1 introduces the economy, society and politics of Hull in the nineteenth century, concentrating on the middle decades of the century. The characteristics of the old police system in the early 1830s are analysed in chapter 2, along with the proposals which were made for its reform in 1836 and the very similar measures actually introduced. Chapters 3 and 4 constitute the main part of the thesis arranged thematically. A loose distinction can be made between them, with chapter 3 examining what the Hull Police was as a body (its organization, manpower, discipline etc.), while chapter 4 analyses what it did (dealing with crime, public order and issues relevant to serving policemen, etc.). However, it must be stressed that this is not a rigid division of subject matter. Chapter 5 is concerned with two subjects: first, a service provided by the police, fire-fighting, which was usually effective but led to one controversial incident; second, an operational feature of the police, its police stations, which were a recurrent problem for many years until the issue was resolved handsomely. Finally, some of the early policemen are introduced in chapter 6: their working lives are analysed and the effects which this had on them as individuals are considered. The conclusion draws together the main findings of the research and the appendices contain relevant information which is supplementary to the argument and analysis or too detailed to be easily presented in the text or footnotes.
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Downs, J. "Ministers of 'the Black Art' : the engagement of British clergy with photography, 1839-1914." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/35917.
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This thesis examines the work of ordained clergymen, of all denominations, who were active photographers between 1839 and the beginning of World War One: its primary aim is to investigate the extent to which a relationship existed between the religious culture of the individual clergyman and the nature of his photographic activities. Ministers of 'the Black Art' makes a significant intervention in the study of the history of photography by addressing a major weakness in existing work. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the research draws on a wide range of primary and secondary sources such as printed books, sermons, religious pamphlets, parish and missionary newsletters, manuscript diaries, correspondence, notebooks, biographies and works of church history, as well as visual materials including original glass plate negatives, paper prints and lantern slides held in archival collections, postcards, camera catalogues, photographic ephemera and photographically-illustrated books. Through close readings of both textual and visual sources, my thesis argues that factors such as religious denomination, theological opinion and cultural identity helped to influence not only the photographs taken by these clergymen, but also the way in which these photographs were created and used. Conversely, patterns also emerge that provide insights into how different clergymen integrated their photographic activities within their wider religious life and pastoral duties. The relationship between religious culture and photographic aesthetics explored in my thesis contributes to a number of key questions in Victorian Studies, including the tension between clergy and professional scientists as they struggled over claims to authority, participation in debates about rural traditions and church restoration, questions about moral truth and objectivity, as well as the distinctive experience and approaches of Roman Catholic clergy. The research thus demonstrates the range of applications of clerical photography and the extent to which religious factors were significant. Almost 200 clergymen-photographers have been identified during this research, and biographical data is provided in an appendix. Ministers of the Black Art aims at filling a gap in scholarship caused by the absence of any substantial interdisciplinary research connecting the fields of photohistory and religious studies. While a few individual clergymen-photographers have been the subject of academic research - perhaps excessively in the case of Charles Dodgson - no attempt has been made to analyse their activities comprehensively. This thesis is therefore unique in both its far-ranging scope and the fact that the researcher has a background rooted in both theological studies and the history of photography. Ecclesiastical historians are generally as unfamiliar with the technical and aesthetic aspects of photography as photohistorians are with theological nuances and the complex variations of Victorian religious beliefs and practices. This thesis attempts to bridge this gulf, making novel connections between hitherto disparate fields of study. By bringing these religious factors to the foreground, a more nuanced understanding of Victorian visual culture emerges; by taking an independent line away from both the canonical historiography of photography and more recent approaches that depict photography as a means of social control and surveillance, this research will stimulate further discussion about how photography operates on the boundaries between private and public, amateur and professional, material and spiritual.
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Septuf, Ntepua Sesepkekiu Nsaka. "From slavery to unfreedom, Antigua, 1834-1844." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283884.
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Tzanelli, Rodanthi. "The 'Greece' of Britain and the 'Britain' of Greece : performance, stereotypes, expectations and intermediaries in Victorian and Neohellenic narratives (1864-1881)." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288957.
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Bellhorn, Margaret Mary. "A Comparative Approach to Slave Life on Bermuda, 1780-1834." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625720.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Maria de Victoria." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5604.
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Powell, Christopher John. "The implementation of the New Poor Law in Herefordshire 1834-1855." Thesis, Coventry University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370030.
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Scott, Patricia Elena. "An approach to the urban history of early Victorian Grahamstown, 1832-53, with particular reference to the interiors and material culture of domestic dwellings." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002408.
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This study is a venture in urban history in that although housing has been the subject of a number of recent studies, little attempt has been made within the British urban history framework to give serious study to what lies behind the architectural facade, the material domestic culture of an urban community. An important objective of this study is to examine the material culture of domestic dwellings in early Victorian Grahamstown, also referring to other parts of the Cape Colony. Where possible these facts are related to the occupants of the dwellings. No community, urban or rural, can be divorced from the influences which lie beyond its immediate locality in region or metropol. As a preliminary to this study the urban background of industrial Britain is examined, as are English and Dutch cultural influences on the interiors of Cape homes in general. The occupational stratification and spatial structure of early Victorian Grahamstown are then explored, leading into· a discussion of the material domestic culture of the interiors of Grahamstown dwellings. In the final analysis, this study is an attempt to uncover the character of early Victorian Grahamstown and its possible implications for English cultural influences at the Cape. In so doing, not only what constitutes the domestic material culture of Grahamstown is established, but beyond that, a comparison made with domestic material cultural developments in another colonial, though not frontier, settlement with roots in Georgian and Victorian England, namely Australia.
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Musset, Anne. "Stage costume and the representation of history in Britain, 1776-1834." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/93369/.
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This thesis explores the relationships between stage costume and British historical culture in the period 1776-1834. Until the painstakingly researched antiquarian stagings of the mid-nineteenth century, the history of historical stage costume has typically been described in terms of a stereotyped ‘Van Dyck dress’. Yet the period witnessed the expansion of antiquarianism and portrait print collecting, the development of the Picturesque and Neo-Gothic aesthetics, the success of historical novels and a general desire to know more about the habits and costumes of the past. This interdisciplinary analysis situates stage costume within the wider visual and historical culture of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Drawing on theatrical material related to the London theatres as well as paintings, engravings, book illustrations, shows and exhibitions, this study argues that the representation of historical stage costume in the visual arts reflects new ways of conceiving and depicting history, in which interest in the everyday life of past periods and a focus on the material and the visual were fundamental. My research suggests that historical costume in the theatre and its representation in theatrical portraiture played a role in a broader process that sought to define British art and identity. The first chapter maps out advances in the knowledge of historical dress and explores how historical costume became a key feature in theatrical portraiture. The second chapter explores contemporary conceptions and uses of anachronism in relation to shifting notions of historical truth in the representation of dress in the arts. The third chapter demonstrates how costume was used to create visual representations of historical continuity, a process that signalled new conceptions of historiography. The following three chapters focus on depictions of the costume of different periods. They suggest that representations of historical dress in the theatre helped shape the period’s historical imagination. A study of classical costume enables an examination of contemporary debates about authenticity, while reconstructions of Scottish dress and English medieval costume reflect prevalent aesthetic trends and thoughts about British identity and the responsibility of art and the theatre in teaching national history. The final chapter considers representations of historical figures beyond the theatre: an examination of portraits in extra-illustrated books and of tinselled toy theatre sheets demonstrates novel ways of engaging with history that evince a new concern with the materiality of stage costume and effected a theatricalisation of the past.
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Musset, Anne. "Stage costume and the representation of history in Britain, 1776-1834." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC294.
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A travers l’évolution du costume de scène et de sa représentation dans les arts graphiques, la thèse explore les éclairages croisés que jettent l’un sur l’autre le développement du costume de scène historique et la construction d’une pensée et d’une culture historique en Grande-Bretagne, entre 1776 et 1834. L'histoire du costume de scène historique, avant les mises en scène érudites du milieu du XIXème siècle, est généralement évoquée en termes de costumes "Van Dyck" stéréotypés. C'est pourtant dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIème siècle que se développent l'engouement pour l’étude des antiquités et pour les collections de portraits gravés, l'esthétique du pittoresque et celle du néo-gothique. La période se caractérise également par le succès des romans historiques et le désir général de la part du public d'en savoir plus sur les coutumes – et les costumes – du passé. Cette analyse interdisciplinaire replace le costume de scène dans le contexte plus large de la culture visuelle et historique de la fin du XVIIIème siècle et du début du XIXème. L’étude de documents liés aux théâtres londoniens ainsi que de tableaux, gravures, illustrations, spectacles et expositions a permis de montrer que la représentation du costume de scène historique dans les arts visuels reflète de nouvelles manières de concevoir et de représenter l'histoire, profondément marquées par l'intérêt pour la vie quotidienne des époques passées et l'attention portée à la matérialité du costume. Cette thèse suggère que le costume historique au théâtre et sa représentation dans le portrait d'acteur sous ses nombreuses formes (tableaux, estampes, illustrations…) participèrent au processus plus large de définition de l'art et de l'identité britannique dans la période 1776-1834This thesis explores the relationships between stage costume and British historical culture in the period 1776-1834. Until the painstakingly researched antiquarian stagings of the mid-nineteenth century, the history of historical stage costume has typically been described in terms of a stereotyped ‘Van Dyck dress’. Yet the period witnessed the expansion of antiquarianism and portrait print collecting, the development of the Picturesque and Neo-Gothic aesthetics, the success of historical novels and a general desire to know more about the habits and costumes of the past. This interdisciplinary analysis situates stage costume within the wider visual and historical culture of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Drawing on theatrical material related to the London theatres as well as paintings, engravings, book illustrations, shows and exhibitions, this study argues that the representation of historical stage costume in the visual arts reflects new ways of conceiving and depicting history, in which interest in the everyday life of past periods and a focus on the material and the visual were fundamental. This thesis suggests that ht historical costume in the theatre and its representation in theatrical portraiture played a role in a broader process that sought to define British art and identity
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Royse, Lisa Gail. "William M McClaskey: A Tavern Keeper in His Community, 1834-1844." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625562.
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Caernarven-Smith, Patricia. "Gladstone and the Bank of England: A Study in Mid-Victorian Finance, 1833-1866." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3696/.
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The topic of this thesis is the confrontations between William Gladstone and the Bank of England. These confrontations have remained a mystery to authors who noted them, but have generally been ignored by others. This thesis demonstrates that Gladstone's measures taken against the Bank were reasonable, intelligent, and important for the development of nineteenth-century British government finance. To accomplish this task, this thesis refutes the opinions of three twentieth-century authors who have claimed that many of Gladstone's measures, as well as his reading, were irrational, ridiculous, and impolitic. My primary sources include the Gladstone Diaries, with special attention to a little-used source, Volume 14, the indexes to the Diaries. The day-to-day Diaries and the indexes show how much Gladstone read about financial matters, and suggest that his actions were based to a large extent upon his reading. In addition, I have used Hansard's Parliamentary Debates and nineteenth-century periodicals and books on banking and finance to understand the political and economic debates of the time.
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Atkinson, Joseph Logan. "The Upper Canadian legal response to the cholera epidemics of 1832 and 1834." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ58262.pdf.
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Turner, Maureen Alexander. "The educational ideas and influence of Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2015/.
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In this study, the depth of Malthus's involvement in education will be seen. During his years at Haileybury College, Malthus proved himself to be a caring and conscientious teacher who, as will be demonstrated in Chapter III, was remembered with affection in later life by many of his pupils; he was a loyal member of staff who defended the college against critical reports in the press; he was concerned about the welfare of the boys in his charge, as well as an appropriate curriculum for them and fair methods of assessing their progress. A detailed examination of biographies, letters and published articles will provide ample evidence to prove these claims about Malthus. The criticism has sometimes been made that Malthus wished to condemn the poor to a life made even more difficult by the withdrawal of the assistance offered by the Poor Laws, but the analysis of his theories which appears in Chapters V and VI of this study will demonstrate that this was not Malthus's intention. Far from wanting the poor to suffer increased privation, Malthus hoped that his proposals would offer them the chance to improve their situation and influence their own destiny. A critical study of his own words will show the importance of education in his vision of a better future. An education populace would understand the reasons behind food shortage and would appreciate the necessity of delaying marriage, thereby slowing down the increase in population. Education would encourage the lower classes to strive for self-improvement; it would show them how to be careful and plan for the future; it would `have a considerable effect in the prevention of crimes and the promotion of industry, morality and regular conduct'(2); it would even bring about a more peaceful and stable society as an educated populace would understand the truth about their situation and would not be persuaded by the `false declamation of interested and ambitious demagogues'(3). It is certainly true that Malthus recommended the abolition of the existing Poor Laws, but this does not mean that he wished to condemn the poor to increased suffering. On the contrary, an examination of the historical background of the system of poor relief at the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century will help us to understand Malthus's attitude to the Poor Laws, and a detailed analysis of his own proposals in Chapter VI of this study will explain how his ideas about Poor Law reform were linked to his theories about social and economic reform. Finally, Chapters VIII, IX and X of this study will contain an examination of the extent of the influence exerted on public opinion by Malthus and his theories.
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Jones, David Llewlyn. "Gweithrediad Deddf y Tlodion 1834 yn Udeb Bangor a Biwmares rhwng 1837 a 1871." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282259.
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Steel, Mark James. "Power, prejudice and profit : the world view of the Jamaican slaveowning elite, 1788-1834." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329104.
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Jones, Emily. "Constructing a conservative : the reception of Edmund Burke in British politics and culture, c. 1830-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:06d5fb72-9272-4255-a2ae-51c31d89063b.
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Between 1830 and 1914 in Britain a dramatic modification of the reputation of Edmund Burke (1730-97) occurred. Burke, an Irishman and Whig politician, is now most commonly known as the 'founder of modern conservatism' – an intellectual tradition which is also deeply connected to the identity of the British Conservative party. Indeed, the idea of 'Burkean conservatism’ – a political philosophy which upholds ‘the authority of tradition', the organic, historic conception of society, and the necessity of order, religion, and property – has been incredibly influential both in international academic analysis and in the wider political world. This is an intellectual construct of high significance, but its origins have not hitherto been understood: insofar as it has been considered at all, it has been typically seen as the work of Cold War American conservatives. In contrast, this thesis demonstrates that the transformation of Burke into the 'founder of conservatism' was in fact part of wider developments in British political, intellectual, and cultural history in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing from a wide range of sources, including political texts, parliamentary speeches, histories, biographies, and educational curricula, this thesis provides a properly contextual history of political thought. It shows how and why Burke's reputation was transformed over a formative period of British history. In doing so, it bridges the significant gap between the history of political thought as conventionally understood and the history of the making of political traditions. The result is to show that, by 1914, Burke had been firmly established as a 'conservative' political philosopher and was admired and utilised by political Conservatives in Britain who identified themselves as his intellectual heirs. This was one essential component of a conscious re-working of 'C/conservatism', especially from the mid-1880s, which is still at work today.
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Gillin, Edward John. "The science of Parliament : building the Palace of Westminster, 1834-1860." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:65863190-6063-4320-813e-e60dd1a11fb2.
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This thesis examines science's role in the construction of Britain's new Houses of Parliament between 1834 and 1860. Architecturally the Gothic Palace embodies Victorian notions of the medieval and romanticized perceptions of English history. Yet in the mid-nineteenth century, the building not only reflected, but was involved in, the very latest scientific knowledge. This included chemistry, optics, geology, horology, and architecture as a science itself. Science was chosen, performed, trusted, displayed, contested, and debated through the physical space of government. Parliament was a place where science was done. Not only was knowledge imported to guide architectural construction, but it was actively produced within the walls of Britain's new legislature. I argue that this attention to science was not coincidental. Rather, it was a crucial demonstration of the changing relationship between science and politics. Science was increasingly asserted to be a powerful form of knowledge, and to an institution struggling to secure authority in the uncertainty of reformed British politics, it appeared a valuable resource for credibility. Contextualizing the use of science at Parliament in the political instability of the 1830s and 1840s emphasizes how the use of new knowledge was a potent practice of constructing political authority.
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Britton, Jessica Dyan. "The Failure of Prison Reform: A History of the Ohio Penitentiary, 1834-1885." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1218121677.
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Balduff, Rebecca Marie. "The Economist and the Continuity of British Imperial Expansion: 1843-1860." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1122559740.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of History, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], ii, 75 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-75).
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Johannesson, Gudni Thorlacius. "Troubled waters : cod war, fishing disputes, and Britain's fight for the freedom of the high seas, 1948-1964." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2004. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1834.
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The thesis describes Britain's disputes over fishery limits and territorial waters, 1948- 64. Norway, Iceland, the Soviet Union and Denmark (on behalf of Greenland and the Faroe Islands) extended national jurisdiction on the oceans. Britain protested against every move, even despatching the Royal Navy to the disputed waters off Iceland, the main antagonist. Yet, on every occasion Britain had to admit defeat. In analytical terms, the thesis is partly a case study on foreign policy decision-making, the nature of power in international relations, and the relative decline of Britain after the Second World War. It also sets the quarrels over territorial waters in the context of the Cold War. The central conclusion is that Britain was too slow to recognise changes in the composition of power in international relations after the Second World War. British policy-makers overestimated their capability to enforce on other states their interpretation of the law of the sea. Their miscalculations were influenced by five considerations: power (the existence of stronger naval forces than the Nordic opponents), pressure (from the British trawling industry), precedence (the danger that retreat in one place would weaken the British stand elsewhere), principle (adherence to international law as it had been developing when Britain was a stronger power), and prestige (the belief that Britain was still strong enough to have her way on the high seas). Furthen-nore, departmental differences in Whitehall often slowed down the process of decision-making and ensured that the views of those officials who best realised the actual extent of British capabilities did not prevail. And finally, the frustrating obstinacy of a newly independent nation like Iceland contributed to the conflicts. The thesis is based on primary sources from public and private archives in Britain, Iceland, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Norway, the United States and Russia. Numerous interviews were also conducted.
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Dowe, David S. "Deformational History of the Granjeno Schist Near Ciudad Victoria, Mexico." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1089910191.
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Trahey, Erin Malone. "Free women and the making of colonial Jamaican economy and society, 1760-1834." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285098.
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This study considers the social and economic lives of free women in Jamaica from 1760 to 1834. Throughout the period studied Jamaica was Britain's most important imperial holding. The colony's slave economy, driven by the labour of hundreds of thousands of enslaved men and women, generated incredible wealth. Still, Jamaica was the deadliest place to live in British America. Due to the endemic nature of tropical disease and atrocious mortality rates, neither the enslaved population nor the white population maintained itself naturally prior to emancipation. However, an environment characterized by death and demographic crisis engendered heightened opportunities for women to take part in tropical enterprise and to shape the futures of their families. Inheritance norms were weakened by the omnipresence of death, precipitating more generous inheritance bequests for women and a greater role given to wives and daughters-both white women, and those of mixed-race descent-in tropical commerce. Additionally, as slave ownership was not limited by gender or race, free women of all races took part in the slave economy. Free women's visibility in the island's formal as well as informal economies, and the wealth accumulated by some, was unsurpassed in a British American context. However, in this slave society, free women's prosperity rested upon the exploitation and oppression of others. In contrast to familiar historical trajectories that have presented Caribbean participation in Atlantic markets of slavery and capital as male-driven ventures, this study argues that free women of all races were vital participants in the slave economy and principle beneficiaries of plantation profits. This project moves beyond previous studies on women in colonial Jamaica by revealing how women's enterprise and relations with one another shaped the nature of this economy and society, including the commercial, familial and kin networks that bound it together. In doing so, it enhances our understanding of this colony and the operation of race and gendered power within it.
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Sorensen, Leni Ashmore. "Absconded: Fugitive slaves in the "Daybook of the Richmond Police Guard, 1834--1844"." W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623486.
Full textAbstract:
In the antebellum period Richmond, Virginia newspapers ran advertisements for runaway slaves. Most of the ads concerned individuals absconded from outlying counties, distant regions of the state, or nearby states. These short notices have been used frequently to describe and discuss runaways and the link between flight and freedom in Virginia. In contrast to the brief newspaper entries the Daybook of the Richmond Police Guard, 1834--1844 provides names and detailed descriptions of nine hundred-thirty-five runaways all of whom lived in the city and were reported within the city precincts during one ten year period. The Daybook is a hand written record consisting of entries made by the Watchmen on duty each day. its pages are "A Memorandum of Robberies and Runaways" for the whole city and in addition to fugitive slaves list lost and stolen clothing, food, textiles, bank notes, fires and murder. Chapter 1 discusses the historiography of runaway slaves and the ways that the Daybook data allows a close examination of African American resistance in an urban setting. Chapter 2 explores the geography and look of the city of Richmond in the 1830s and early 40s. Chapter 3 closely examines the fugitives themselves, and Chapter 4 explores the context of laws and restrictions under which the black population, slave and free, lived. Chapter 5 describes the varied strategies the enslaved population, bound in kinship and friendship to the free black population, used to successfully hide within the city and segues into the transcribed complete text of the Daybook of the Richmond Police Guard. 1834--1844.
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Hulonce, Lesley. "Imposed and imagined childhoods : the making of the poor law child, Swansea 1834-1910." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678492.
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Patterson, Ryan John. ""So many applications of science" : novel technology in British Imperial culture during the Abyssinian and Ashanti Expeditions, 1868-1874." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18911.
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This thesis will examine the portrayal and reception of ‘novel’ technology as constructed spectacle in the military and popular coverage of the Abyssinian (1868) and Ashanti (1873-4) expeditions. It will be argued that new and ‘novel’ military technologies, such as the machine gun, Hale rocket, cartridge rifle, breach-loading cannon, telegraph, railway, and steam tractor, were made to serve symbolic roles in a technophile discourse that cast African expansion as part of a conquest of the natural world. There was a growing confidence in mid-Victorian Britain of the Empire’s dominant position in the world, focused particularly on technological development and embodied in exhibition culture. During the 1860s and ‘70s, this confidence was increasingly extended to the prospect of expansion into Africa, which involved a substantial development of the ‘idea’ of Africa in the British imagination. The public engagement with these two campaigns provides a window into this developing culture of imperial confidence in Britain, as well as the shifting and contested ideas of race, climate, and martial prowess. The expeditions also prompted significant changes to understandings of ‘small wars’, a concept incorporating several important pillars of Victorian culture. It will be demonstrated that discourses of technological superiority and scientific violence were generated in response to anxieties of the perceived dangers posed by the African interior. Accounts of the expeditions demonstrated a strong hope, desire to claim, and tendency to interpret that novel European technology could tame and subjugate the African climate, as well as African populations. This study contributes to debates over the popularity of imperialism in Victorian society. It ties the popularity of empire to the social history of technology, and argues that the Abyssinian and Ashanti expeditions enhanced perceptions of military capability and technological superiority in the Victorian imagination. The efficacy of European technology is not dismissed, but approached as a proximate cause of a shift in culture, termed ‘the technologisation of imperial rhetoric’.
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Wotley, Susan Elaine 1936. "Immigration and mathematics education over five decades : responses of Australian mathematics educators to the ethnically diverse classroom." Monash University, Faculty of Education, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8359.
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Williams, Samantha. "Poor relief, welfare and medical provision in Bedfordshire : the social, economic and demographic context, c.1770-1834." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272409.
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Hunter, Cecily Elizabeth. "Doctoring old age : a social history of geriatric medicine in Victoria /." Connect to thesis, 2003. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000123.
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Wells, Andrew David. "A Marxist reappraisal of Australian capitalism : the rise of Anglo-Colonial finance capital in New South Wales and Victoria, 1830-1890." Phd thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/121712.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates aspects of the formation and evolution
of capitalism in colonial New South Wales. Four principal themes are
addressed throughout the discussion: first, the role of British
imperialism in establishing and shaping colonial capitalism; second,
the role of the British and colonial states in expanding commodity
relations; third, the dominant areas and agents involved in capital
accumulation, and last, the nature of the class relations and property
connections that underpinned these processes. The structure and
dynamics of class relations, especially the relations of production,
are both the premise and conclusion of this study.
The approach adopted to realise these objects is both theoretical
and empirical. The study proceeds through three major parts. The
first part is a critical investigation of the historiography pertinent
to my principal themes and the specification of the problems discussed
in the subsequent parts. Here, the rudiments of marxist
historiography are introduced and a sustained critical discussion of
Australian economic historiography is presented. By the close of Part
One, the approach to be pursued, the themes to be investigated, the
departures from non-marxist historiography and the sequence of
empirical analyses are made explicit.
Part Two of the thesis is concerned with the formation of
colonial capitalism. Capitalism depends on the commodification of
economic relations: thus this process of commodification is examined
in the context of the land, labour and capital markets. Because the
initial process of securing capitalist relations of production is as
much political as economic, and consequently as much imperial as
colonial, the forms of political or state power are discussed. The
dominant relations of production before 1860 are defined as ascendant,
though contradictory, Anglo-colonial merchant capital. Part Three investigates three dimensions of colonial capitalist
development. These investigations pre-suppose the dominance of
commodity relations and pursue their intensification and expansion
into colonial landed property, the transformation of colonial
pastoralism and the forms and directions of public economic activity.
In all these cases the focus remains on the four major themes
identified above. Part Three closes with an analysis of dominant
class relations, a demonstration of the fundamental argument advanced
throughout the thesis concerning the prominence that should be given
to Anglo-colonial finance capital. Between 1860 and 1890 the major
economic relations and class structure were shaped by Anglo-colonial
finance capital.
The thesis concludes with an assessment of the implications of
this study for Australian historiography, including marxist
historiography, and indicates possible directions for future
investigations.
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Ulrich, Melanie Renee. "Victoria's feminist Legacy: how nineteenth-century women imagined the queen." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1745.
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Rangelov, James Theodore Ivan. "The Port Phillip magistrates, 1835-1851." Thesis, 2005. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15359/.
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Social histories of how people lived in the early years of the Australian colonies have generally underestimated the significance of the magistracy. This dissertation undertakes a detailed legal examination of a sample of the cases brought before the magistrates of the Port Phillip District, as Victoria was then known, in the 1830s and 1840s. Extant magisterial records demonstrate the crucial
importance of these 'gentlemen', so styled, in enforcing collective norms of behaviour, stabilising an otherwise disorderly population in raw conditions, and thereby providing a bridge between English and colonial social structures.
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Sheldrick, Philip. "From flesh and bone to bronze and stone : celebrating and commemorating the life of Queen Victoria in the British world 1897-1930." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155510.
Full textAbstract:
Why is it that if you walk through many of the cities of the United Kingdom, Australia, India, Canada, New Zealand, or any part of what used to be the British world you will usually find at least one and sometimes more statues of Queen Victoria? In the last years of her life Queen Victoria enjoyed a special place in the hearts and minds of people across the world. At the turn of the twentieth century, Victoria was a celebrity above all others, charismatic, immensely popular and an almost untouchable icon. Strangely, Victoria gained this lofty status through her association with two very different, and it would seem conflicting ideas - imperialism and domesticity. This thesis investigates just how Queen Victoria gained that level of celebrity and then how it turned her from flesh and bone to bronze and stone in Britain and across the British world from 1897 to 1930. It argues that two events in particular are the key to this transformation. The first, the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of 1897, transformed her in the eyes of the public into the representative figure of an entire age. The second, her death and funeral in early 1901, had such a public impact that it triggered the numerous commemorative efforts at home and abroad in the many years that followed. No work published to date has looked in detail at the historical significance of the celebration and monumental commemoration of Queen Victoria in the context of British and British imperial identity. This thesis aims to fill this gap in the work done so far on the imagery of Queen Victoria while also breaking new ground in considering just how her iconic status came into existence.
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Wauck, Martin Peter. "Religion, reason, responsibility: James Martineau and the transformation of theological radicalism in Victorian Britain, 1830--1900." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/20666.
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This dissertation is a study of the shifting presence of religious groups in nineteenth-century British public life. It concentrates on Unitarians, a denomination little studied by historians but who were one of the key groups enfranchised in the period around 1830, and examines how religious leaders made sense of both increasing political opportunities and increasing religious sectarianism. Its focus is James Martineau and the generation of denominational leaders who came of age after 1830 and their use of Romanticism to transform the traditional Nonconformist principle of religious liberty into a call for free theological inquiry. Making use of letters, diaries, newspapers, pamphlets and magazine articles, this dissertation shows how Martineau and his allies moved beyond the theological legacy of Joseph Priestley, transformed congregational life, reformed the denomination and reached out to other religious liberals in mid-Victorian Britain. They were among the first religious thinkers to endorse developmental science and German Biblical scholarship. In sharp contrast to many evangelical Nonconformists who radicalized religious liberty into a campaign for the abolition of Established Churches, Martineau and his followers hoped that the government would guarantee free theological inquiry. Martineau hoped to reform the Church of England into a non-dogmatic national religious community, but the growth of agnostic science and the Liberal embrace of popular politics undermined Martineau's vision. Although Martineau's career ended in failure, the demise of a vision of public life grounded in Nonconformist principles underscores the paradoxically conservative nature of religious change in nineteenth-century Britain. Martineau and his allies played a crucial role in broadening British religious and intellectual life, but the Anglican Church and its associated educational institutions proved much more successful representatives of that culture.
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"Social influence and the human aspiration for freedom: two fictions of duality in the late Victorian age." 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891168.
Full textAbstract:
Lee Kar Man Ida.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-108).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
論文提要 --- p.iii
Acknowledgements --- p.v
"Introduction The Victorian Age, the Literary Double and Freedom" --- p.1
Chapter Chapter I --- Struggle against Restraints: Robert Louis Stevenson's The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde --- p.24
Chapter Chapter II --- The Ambition to Transgress: Locating Freedom in Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray --- p.52
Chapter Chapter III --- Jekyll and Dorian: Impossible Mission to Achieve an Unrestrained Freedom against the Social Orthodoxy --- p.77
Works Cited List --- p.101
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Findlay, Elisabeth Ann. "Portraiture in early Victoria, 1834-1861 : a study of art and patronage in colonial society." Phd thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10758.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis the history of portraiture in the British-ruled Australian colony of
Victoria is examined, focusing on the period 1834 to 1861. Portraits from early
colonial Victoria are analysed in their artistic and social context, with the emphasis
placed on the role of patronage. Arguments are advanced on the relationship of
portraiture to class and gender struggles, examining the portrait in terms of the
political, social and cultural values of the various groups within early Victoria.
Issues uniquely pertinent to colonial society and the mid-nineteenth century are also
raised, including the influence of Britain and the rise of photography and other
means of mechanical reproduction.
The thesis is divided into three volumes. The first is the text; the second the
appendices on the portraitists and the subjects/sitters; and the third is the 'Catalogue
of Portraits'. This catalogue forms the empirical base of the thesis and represents the
significant portion of the primary research. Most of the portraits listed in the
catalogue have not been examined elsewhere.
In the 'Introduction' the aims and parameters are outlined, with a discussion of the
scope of the thesis and the theoretical foundations. The first chapter presents a
survey of art and society in Victoria during the years 1834 to 1861 and provides a
background against which the portraits can be discussed. In the succeeding five
chapters major issues and types of portraiture are focused upon: 'Chapter 2' is
concerned with portraits of heroes and nineteenth century notions of hero-worship;
'Chapter 3' with family portraiture and the gentry; 'Chapter 4' with the impact of
caricature and the political portrait print; and 'Chapter 5' with the portraits of the
middle classes as well as the role of the portraitists. The final chapter discusses
portraiture as entertainment. In the 'Conclusions' the major themes are summarised,
recounting the most important findings on the history of portraiture in early Victoria.
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Wood, Malcolm Robert. "Presbyterians in colonial Victoria." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146405.
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