Relevant bibliographies by topics / Victoria Economic conditions 1945-

Academic literature on the topic 'Victoria Economic conditions 1945-'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Victoria Economic conditions 1945-"

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Malyutina, L. F., and N. R. Novoseltsev. "SOLUTIONS TO THE PERSONNEL PROBLEM DURING THE PERIOD OF RE-EVACUATION OF THE POPULATION FROM THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY IN THE WAR AND POST-WAR PERIOD (1944–1948)." Northern Archives and Expeditions 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31806/2542-1158-2021-5-4-108-120.

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The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union against Germany caused the movement of many enterprises and people from the western regions of the country to the eastern ones. Among them is the Krasnoyarsk Territory. About 200 enterprises and institutions from 25 western cities of the country were located here. More than 80 thousand people arrived with enterprises and independently. This is how the machine-building giant Sibtyazhmash, KrasTETs, the Yenisei chemical plant, Krasmash, the Norilsk plant and many other enterprises appeared. They turned Krasnoyarsk into an industrial region of the country. With the victories of the Red Army, the problem arose of restoring the economy of the liberated territories, which suffered significant losses in the material and human spheres. And here the eastern regions again came to the rescue — the process of re-evacuation of equipment and people to their former place of residence begins. This aggravated the problem of workers, especially skilled workers, in Siberia, including the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The enterprises of the region needed qualified personnel, since here, in contrast to the western regions of the USSR, the restructuring of the economy began on a peaceful track, and not its restoration. In this article, the authors analyze the means and methods for solving the problem of retaining personnel in the process of re-evacuation of the civilian population and equipment by the party-Soviet and economic bodies of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The experience of this period, with certain adjustments, can be used today in order to solve the personnel problem, but now for the settlement of the eastern regions of the country in difficult economic and demographic conditions.
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CHUMIŃSKI, Jędrzej. "Socio-economic conditions of strikes in Poland in 1945-1948." Central European Papers 6, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25142/cep.2018.001.

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Carmichael, Calum M. "Economic Conditions and the Popularity of the Incumbent Party in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 23, no. 4 (December 1990): 713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900020813.

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AbstractThis study measures the effects of macroeconomic conditions upon the popularity of the incumbent party in Canadian federal general elections from 1945 to 1988. In so doing it uses a model similar to the retrospective voting models used in electoral studies in the United States. The results suggest that for the elections from 1945 to 1972, bad economic conditions preceding the election benefited the incumbent party. For the elections from 1974 to 1988, these effects were diminished or reversed. Such results have precedents in separate studies that use Canadian poll data. However, they contradict the general conclusion of American studies that bad conditions hurt the incumbent. This contradiction suggests that the model's assumptions about voting behaviour, which appear to be verified by the American studies, do not apply universally.
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Carter, Erin Baggott. "Diversionary cheap talk: economic conditions and US foreign policy rhetoric, 1945-2010." International Interactions 46, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 163–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2020.1688319.

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Winter, I., and T. Brooke. "Urban Planning and the Entrepreneurial State: The View from Victoria, Australia." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 11, no. 3 (September 1993): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c110263.

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It is argued that the state in Victoria, Australia, has pursued five key trends in urban planning throughout the 1980s: Privatisation, liberalisation, subsidisation, commercialisation, and elitism. These trends are a response to conditions wrought by global economic restructuring, the dominance of economic fundamentalism as a political discourse in Australia, the institutional structure of federal–State government financial relations, and a resultant perception of fiscal crisis. These developments in urban planning have resulted in financial costs and a loss of democratic accountability to the Victorian community.
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Mason, Robb, and Shirley Randell. "Education and change in rural areas in the 1990s: Chicken Little was not wrong." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 2, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v2i1.266.

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The economic and social conditions of rural Victoria are changing. The concepts and practices that have supported the work of the Country Education Project (CEP) in rural Victoria have to change accordingly. The paper looks at the changes impacting upon rural Australia and examines in particular the subject of disadvantage. Disadvantage is a concept that in practice is drawn from a period of stability and relative affluence. Present circumstances may well require a different interpretation, one more in accord with lifelong educational principles. The policy development of the CEP is then analysed and challenges and issues for that organisation outlined.
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Matray, James I. "Development Delayed: U.S. Economic Policy in Occupied Korea, 1945–1948." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 10, no. 1-2 (2001): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656101793645579.

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AbstractOn 9 September 1945, U.S. military forces landed at Inchon to begin American occupation of southern Korea. For almost three years thereafter, a U.S. military government under the command of Lieutenant General John R. Hodge was responsible for civil affairs south of the 38th parallel. Its policies resulted in delaying Korea's economic development. Early in World War II, the U.S. government had begun preparations for the postwar administration of military government and civil affairs. At first, the focus was on Germany and its occupied territories, but during 1944, training began for 1,500 army and navy officers to serve in occupied Japan. The program ignored Korea, with the exception of a one-hour lecture in some classes near the end of the war. Plans to prepare civil affairs handbooks summarizing conditions in target areas for over thirty nations did not include Korea. Not surprisingly, many civil affairs officers who served in postwar Korea had trained for duty in Japan. They knew nothing about the country they were to govern and of course did not speak the language. Historians have argued that this lack of preparation was largely responsible for the failures of the American occupation. But other factors were more important in explaining the lack,
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TOYE, RICHARD. "THE LABOUR PARTY'S EXTERNAL ECONOMIC POLICY IN THE 1940s." Historical Journal 43, no. 1 (March 2000): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x9900881x.

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This article challenges the view that, in accepting the 1945 American loan and its attendant commitments to international economic liberalization, the Labour party easily fell in behind the Atlanticist approach to post-war trade and payments. It is suggested instead that Labour's sometimes seemingly paradoxical behaviour in office was driven, not only by the very tough economic conditions it faced, but also by a fundamental contradiction inherent in its desire to ‘plan’ at both domestic and international levels. This contradiction – the ‘planning paradox’ – is explored with reference to pre-war and war-time developments, including Labour's reactions to the Keynes and White plans of 1943, and to the Bretton Woods conference of 1944. The decision to accept the US loan, and with it the Bretton Woods agreements, is then examined within this context. Finally, an assessment is made of whether, in this key area of policy, Labour's pre-1945 deliberations were effective in preparing the party for the challenges it would face in government.
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Arundhati, Gautama Budi, Samuel Saut Martua Samosir, and Ratih Listyana Chandra. "Urgensi Legislasi Pelaksanaan mandat UUD 1945 Mengantisipasi ASEAN Economic Community 2015." Jurnal Konstitusi 11, no. 2 (May 20, 2016): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1127.

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Societal welfare is the achievement that should be supported by Government which essentialy has the obligation for the societal welfare through the arrangements within the scope of authority under the mandate of the preamble and articles of the Indonesian Constitution of 1945 and relevant laws. The mandate of ASEAN Charter, which was ratified by House of Representative by Law Number 38 of 2008 concerning Ratification of the Charter of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is not an opponent of the Constitution of 1945 in terms of societal welfare, as long as the legislation is implemented on the right way, which can protect Indonesian. The legislative action must reflect the needs and the factual conditions of Indonesian. Regulation relating to the implementation of the ASEAN Charter should always be accompanied by exemption or exception to the path of liberation from the regional competition law which is a logical consequence of the free market of ASEAN in some fields.
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Пасс, Андрей Аркадьевич. "Litigation Related to Economic Offences During Great Patriotic War." ЖУРНАЛ ПРАВОВЫХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/gief.2020.38.60.019.

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В статье с позиции неоинституционального подхода затрагивается актуальная проблема организации судебных слушаний по уголовным делам, относящимся к категории «хозяйственных». Впервые в научной литературе описаны условия, в которых приходилось проводить заседания в период 1941 - 1945 гг. Приведены сведения об образовании и стаже работы судей, их материально-бытовом обустройстве. Воспроизведена процессуальная сторона принятия решений в отношении расхитителей государственной собственности. Уделено внимание исполнению вынесенных приговоров. Автором сделан вывод о том, что реализация действовавших законов и принятых правовых новелл целиком зависела от директив вышестоящих инстанций, которые зачастую не соответствовали возможностям и компетенциям местных судебных органов. On the basis of neo-institutional approach the article addresses the relevant problematic issue related to the organization of court hearings in the field of criminal proceedings in respect to economic offences. For the first time in the academic literature one can find description of conditions the proceedings were to be hold during the war period between 1941 and 1945. The article provides details about judges educational background and their work experience along with their material standards and living conditions. In addition it covers procedure with regard to decision-making against public property robbers with an enforcement of sentences being paid attention to. The author concludes that implementation of laws along with the legal novels then being in force depended entirely on higher authorities directives which were often not in line with potential and competencies of local judicial authorities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Victoria Economic conditions 1945-"

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關兆明 and Siu-ming Kwan. "A study of Guangdong's takeoff: with special reference to the four dragons' growth experience." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266083.

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Weatherman, Lynda. "The changing Hong Kong economy : economics, issues and findings /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574183.

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Nishizaki, Sumiyo. "After empire comes home : economic experiences of Japanese civilian repatriates, 1945-1956." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3454/.

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The economic impact of large influxes of population is a complex topic. This research contributes to this field by examining one of the most significant, but least researched, examples of postwar migration – the repatriation of more than six million (including three million civilians and demobilised soldiers each) to Japan after the Second World War. One pervasive image of Japanese civilian repatriates is that of the immigrant farmer of Manchuria who settled as a part of Japan’s Manchurian policies and had difficult repatriation experiences under the hostility of local people. However, many returned from other regions as well, including Korea and Sakhalin, and repatriates consisted of not only farmers but also colonial government officials, employees of public and private corporations, and small business owners, amongst others. This paper specifically focuses on civilian repatriates in selected prefectures (Ibaraki, Hiroshima, Kanagawa and Osaka) in 1956 and their occupational changes during the time of economic transition. Whilst it is evident that for many repatriates the postwar transition was not entirely smooth, the data presented in this research suggests that in contrast to prevailing notions, repatriates’ postwar resettlement was facilitated by a) employment in family farming and the tertiary sector, b) employment at government agencies or c) the transferability of repatriates’ skills in industry and retail and services. The information from the 1956 government survey into repatriates’ postwar lives shows that approximately 60 per cent of repatriates fell in these categories, while the other 40 per cent found employment in new areas or became unemployed. As a result, despite the scale of the repatriation, the settlement was broadly successful. It can be argued that this type of transition helped to bring political and economic stability, which became a foundation of Japan’s postwar growth.
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Torlesse, Ann Catherine Marjorie. "A history of Grahamstown, 1918-1945." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002418.

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This study in local history describes socio-economic developments in Grahamstown between 1918 - 1945, and analyses the extent to which these developments mirrored trends in the macrocosm. During these years the city failed to become ndustrialised, but enhanced her reputation as an eminent educational centre. Despite being financially handicapped, the City Council undertook large public works schemes for the provision of essential services, such as electricity and an adequate supply of water. In addition a water-borne sewerage scheme was introduced, and roads were repaired and tarred. The influx of a large number of poor rural Blacks into the urban area placed a considerable strain on the city's health services, and housing projects had to be implemented. Local political affiliations and race relations are examined against the background of national developments, especially the growing entrenchment by the State of the policy of segregation. Attention is also devoted to the impact upon the community of international political crises. The cultural and sporting pursuits, as well as the entertainments enjoyed by Grahamstonians, are investigated; and a picture of the local "mentalite" is presented.
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Yan, Xun. "In search of power and credibility : essays on Chinese monetary history (1851-1945)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3307/.

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In many respects, the mid-nineteenth century marks the beginning of China’s modern history: the Opium War (1839-42) and domestic turbulence compelled Chinese statesmen to realise that the old state apparatus was no longer able to cope with the changing world. However the pursuit of greater state capacity collided with a feeble ability to raise taxes and an ancient monetary system far from being unified. How did the government carry out even limited alterations to the monetary system in times of urgent fiscal need? And how did the monetary evolution proceed with these partial reforms? This thesis focuses on the movement of the Chinese monetary system from a traditional metallic system to a modern fiat money system, and discusses three issues during different phases of the transition. The first part re-examines the case of ‘Xianfeng inflation’ (1853-61) when the government attempted to issue new monies to resolve the crisis in public finances. It points out that under the traditional commodity money system the government had little impact on money supply, and that the so-called inflation was an outcome of coinage debasement combined with a banking crisis resulting from the debt default. The second part focuses on the introduction of modern coinage minted with steam power around the 1900s, enabling the government to supply credible monies that no longer relied on their intrinsic metallic values. It argues that this technological innovation allowed the Chinese government for the first time to implement effective monetary manipulation and exert an impact on the rural economy. The third part investigates the behaviour of money holders during a war. It compares the velocities of paper notes issued in Free China and Occupied China during the Second World War (1937-45) and demonstrates that the credibility of the monies depends most on people’s expectations about the survival of the regime. The transition from a traditional to a modern currency system is a search for a new monetary credibility that had formerly lain within the value of the metal. The evolution of the Chinese monetary system illustrates vividly the constant state struggle between monetary credibility – via coercion, technology, or legitimacy – and its pocket gain, when the fiscal soundness is at stake.
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Chang, Ju-kuang. "Economic Development and Income Inequality: The Taiwan Case." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4875.

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This thesis examines income inequality in Taiwan from three perspectives: economic development, political democracy, and world-system/dependence. Education, population growth, population structure, unemployment, savings, and export growth are treated as variables. Below are the important conclusions. Economic development has an effect on income inequality. The level of development is crucial. In the 1950s and 1960s, the relationship was significant, but in the next two decades economic development did not further decrease income inequality. Sector dualism was not a good predictor. Democratization did not have an obvious relation with income inequality. But the stable political environment and the endeavors of government to keep the society stable were crucial to economic development and improvement in income inequality. Foreign capital and export dependence did not retard economic development and worsen income inequality. But the influence of foreign capital did not contradict the world-system/dependence argument. Expansion of education had a negative relation with income inequality. The most important thing was the expansion of primary school education and junior high school education. The predicted relation between population growth and population structure and income inequality was not totally supported. Export expansion and savings expansion had an important influence on economic development and, like the relation between the economic development and income inequality, the relation between the expansion of exports and savings and income inequality was stronger in the 1960s than in the 1950s. Unemployment had almost the same change pattern as income inequality. This implies that employment had a negative relation with income inequality and, after 1970, the low unemployment helped keep inequality at a low level in the 1970s and 1980s. In the late 1980s and early 1990s income inequality increased slightly as radical changes in economic structure, political environment, and other social factors transformed Taiwan. Other developed countries also show an increase in income inequality associated with similar changes. Thus income inequality in Taiwan is predicted to increase further.
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Maeoka, Masao. "Japanese local economic development and industrial restructuring." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21699.

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Anderson, Ian Gareth. "Scottish trade unions and nationalisation, 1945-1955 : a case study of the coal industry." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8437/.

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This thesis contends that the historiographical boundaries and focus of labour history, political history, of policy making and nationalisation have resulted in an incomplete understanding of trade unions attitudes towards, and influence upon, post-war British economic policy. In particular, the predominant concern of labour historians with strike patterns and their causes, particularly within the coal industry, has been at the expense of other forms of trade union activity. Whilst the more general historiography of the period and that of policy making address these issues, they do not tend to do so below the peak level organisation of the TUC and of Whitehall and Westminster. This has lead to miners unions being portrayed as a somewhat monolithic organisation predominantly concerned with disputes, strike prone with poor industrial relations, but politically conservative and generally supportive of the Labour Party and Government policy. In taking a multi-level analysis, with particular emphasis on Scotland, and examining the evidence from the NUM's interaction with Government, party, National Coal Board and the industry'S conciliation and consultative machinery, this thesis argues that a more diverse pattern of trade union attitudes and influence existed. It is suggested that the TUC had a relatively minor role to play in the development of coal nationalisation policy after 1947. Furthermore, the national level of the NUM was unable to adapt fully to its new-role under nationalisation because areas such as Scotland continued to exercise considerable power and influence. In this it is demonstrated that Scotland could take a divergent attitude to the national level of the union, particularly over wages, and ultimately meet with some success. The Scottish Area of the NUM also displayed poorer industrial relations to the national and local levels. In particular, the evidence from colliery level consultation demonstrates that there was a more positive and constructive side to local union activity within the nationalised industry than the focus on disputes hitherto suggested. Therefore, this thesis concludes that there is sufficient evidence from the experience of the NUM to suggest that a more complex and diverse pattern of trade union behaviour existed between 1945 and 1955 in the nationalised coal industry. However, this pattern is not so rooted in any Scottish cultural explanation, or contradictory to existing interpretations, as to preclude its broader applicability to other areas of the coal industry or unions in other nationalised industries.
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Rensted, Paul Milo. "Political reform in the Republic of China on Taiwan." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29144.

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The thesis looks at the question of political change in Taiwan. Specifically it examines the question of whether or not political liberalization has occurred simply as a result of economic development. The thesis also evaluates the extent of the political reform that has occurred. After examining a variety of information on the economic development and social changes, as well as the political history of the island, the thesis looks at specific political reforms. The conclusion is drawn that the process of political reform in Taiwan is not a carefully pre-determined plan on the part of the political elite. Rather, political reform is the response of the ruling Kuomintang to try and perpetuate their hold on power. Reforms occur only as they serve that particular goal.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Samimi, Saeed. "Oil and economic development in Iran." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63384.

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Books on the topic "Victoria Economic conditions 1945-"

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Milosavljević, Milan. Privreda opštine Knjaževac 20. veka: (1900-1945) : (1945-2000). Knjaževac: Narodna biblioteka "Njegoš", 2012.

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Chávez, Felipe Martínez. Victoria en bancarrota. [S.l: s.n., 1995.

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D, Booth Alan Ph, ed. British economic development since 1945. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995.

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Gráda, Cormac Ó. Irish economic growth, 1945-88. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1994.

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Mureșan, Maria. Evoluții economice: 1945-1990. [Romania]: Editura Economică, 1995.

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Society, Economic History, ed. British economic performance, 1945-1975. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Education, 1988.

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Alford, B. W. E. British economic performance, 1945-1975. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Gráda, Cormac Ó. Irish economic growth, 1945-1988. Dublin: University College Dublin, Department of Economics, 1993.

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U.S. economic history since 1945. New York: Manchester University Press, 1997.

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Michael, French. US economic history since 1945. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Victoria Economic conditions 1945-"

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Geloso, Vincent. "The Great Catch-Up of 1945–1960: Economic Conditions." In Rethinking Canadian Economic Growth and Development since 1900, 29–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49950-5_3.

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Pham, Van Thuy. "Economic Conditions of Indonesia and Vietnam in Pre-independence Era, 1910s–1945." In Beyond Political Skin, 1–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3711-6_1.

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Heller, Joseph. "The Eisenhower Doctrine and Israel (November 1956–January 1958)." In The United States, the Soviet Union and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-67. Manchester University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526103826.003.0007.

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Israel security remained a pawn of the superpowers’ rivalry even after its military victory in the campaign. However, if it had not won either political or a diplomatic victory. The Eisenhower administration was haunted by the nightmare of losing the middle East to the Soviets which would deny the west vital Arab oil. Consequently, the US pressed Israel to withdraw from Sinai, to the extent of threatening economic sanctions. The Soviet Union could punish Israel by trying to expel it from the UN. Israel’s government, particularly Ben-Gurion, said that the withdrawal from the Sinai peninsula, the straits of Tiran and the Gaza strips should be conditioned on a strong security arrangement. Israel had no choice but to succumb to the pressures of the superpowers.
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Rudnytska, Liudmyla. "ROKYTNE GLASS FACTORY. SOVIET RECONSTRUCTION AND MODERNIZATION (1939–1945)." In Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-12.

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The article has been explored the features of the reconstruction and technical modernization of Rokytne glass factory during 1939-1945. The historiographical and source base made it possible to carry out a comprehensive scientific study on the issue. The economic transformations at the Rokytne glass factory can roughly be divided into three periods, namely Soviet nationalization, occupation, the beginning of reconstruction, during which both reconstruction and modernization of the enterprise were implemented. The Second World War led to colossal coup, the former Polish territories underwent changes; Rokytne village became a typical Soviet settlement of district importance. The first arrival of Soviet power in 1939 led to administrative and territorial transformations, especially the loss of urban status Rokytne town, and the wave of nationalization: glassworks, banks, transport, land, forced expropriation of property; repression and deportation were considered the core of a sharp decreasing of living standards and their social and cultural degradation. The glass factory nationalization after Rokytnе joined and considered as a part of the USSR in 1939 had the main objective to unify all production processes according to Soviet standards and introduce (implement) traditional methods of administration at the enterprise entities. The ownership underwent the noticeable transformations. The majority of the engineers, retreating army moved to Poland, taking with them the equipment and technical documentation as well in order to set up Kama-Vitrum, a new glass plant. With the beginning of the Soviet-German confrontation, the occupation enterprise policy provided primarily for the production of glass products, especially sheet glass, in order to satisfy war needs with minimal material and technical restoration to provide primitive conditions for conveyor production process. After the liberation in 1944, the Soviet economy suffered from the crisis at the initial stage of reconstruction due to the lack of financial, material and human resources in order to implement modernization, reconstruction and reconstruction processes at industrial facilities of local and national importance. Notwithstanding the contradictions and complexity of the processes, the Rokytne glass factory, due to local funds involvement, resources, personnel and their ingenuity and dedicated work, resumed production of glass products in terms of difficult conditions a month after liberation.
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Williams, Bruce. "Charles Frederick Carter, 1919–2002." In Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 124. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, III. British Academy, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263204.003.0003.

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Charles Carter was appointed Lecturer in Statistics at Cambridge in 1945, and in 1947 became a Fellow of Emmanuel College. He wrote many papers in his six years at Cambridge on a range of post-war economic problems. In 1959 He became Stanley Jevons Professor of Political Economy and Cobden Lecturer at the Victoria University of Manchester. In 1962 the University Grants Committee had appointed a Planning Board to establish the University of Lancaster, with Sir Noel Hall, Principal of Brasenose College, Oxford, as Chairman. The Board made its plans for the nature of the University and its buildings on a greenfields site, and then sought a Vice-Chancellor. Charles Carter was the Board's choice. He soon proved himself to be a superb administrator. When grants for residential buildings were less than expected he borrowed the necessary funds, and had buildings designed suitable for letting to visitors during student vacations. He attracted academic and research staff of high quality, and he was influential in providing for more students choice in the nature of their degree studies.
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Hall, Peter A. "How Growth Strategies Evolve in the Developed Democracies." In Growth and Welfare in Advanced Capitalist Economies, 57–97. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866176.003.0002.

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This chapter charts the shape and movement of the growth strategies of the developed democracies since 1945 across three periods: an era of modernization, one of liberalization, and an era of knowledge-based growth, with an emphasis on the relationship between developments in the political economy and changes in the character of electoral politics. It argues that economic policy-making always entails assembling coalitions for policy in both the arenas of electoral politics and of producer group politics. Accordingly, economic policy responds, not only to secular economic developments, but also to shifting political conditions and notably to changes in the cleavage structures underpinning electoral politics, which are themselves influenced by preceding economic developments. Growth strategies are conditioned by how an evolving “economic gestalt” portrays the problems of the economy and by processes of coalition formation in the electoral arena. The chapter devotes special attention to the growth strategies of the UK, France, Germany, and Sweden.
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Ravenhill, John. "1. The Study of Global Political Economy." In Global Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198737469.003.0001.

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This volume provides an introduction to the field of Global Political Economy (GPE). It explores some of the approaches that have addressed the key concerns of theorists of GPE; for example. what conditions are most conducive to the emergence of collaborative behaviour among states on economic issues, or what are the determinants of the foreign economic policies of states. It examines various aspects of the debate about globalization as well as the impact of globalization on world poverty, inequality, and the environment. It also considers how globalization has changed the relations between industrialized and less developed economies. This chapter discusses the global financial crisis and the world economy pre-1914, in the interwar period, and post-1945. It also analyses the emergence of GPE as a field and describes a number of approaches to the study of GPE.
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Swyngedouw, Erik. "The Urban Conquest of Water in Guayaquil, 1945–2000: Bananas, Oil, and the Production of Water Scarcity." In Social Power and the Urbanization of Water. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233916.003.0017.

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With the end of the war came a partial reversal of the devastating decline associated with the cocoa collapse, paralleled by a profound reconfiguration of class relations. The pre-war bipartisan political structure (Liberals and Conservatives) was replaced by a myriad of new political parties, expressing the divisions within the ruling elites, the rise of Left political parties as a result of growing proletarianization (Maiguashca 1992: 200–1) and, most importantly, the emergence and spectacular growth of populist movements. New forms of class struggle would emerge out of this maelstrom of change, each expressing itself through a mixture of new and old languages, symbols, and activities. It is not surprising, for example, to hear ‘San Lenín’ called upon for assistance alongside saints of the more traditional variety (Maiguashca and North 1991: 99–100). The ferment of this rich mix of class relations through which daily life was organized at the time the world was on fire wrought the conditions from which the post-war intensified water conquest would emerge. Indeed, the turbulent but lean years of the 1940s were followed by the banana bonanza decade of the 1950s. The United States’ fruit corporations, their plantations struck by Panama disease, moved their centre of operations from marginal Central American and Caribbean exporters to Ecuador. It was not only a cheap location, but the Panama disease had not yet moved that far south. In addition, President Galo Plaza Lasso used his excellent relationships with the US United Fruit Company to promote banana production in Ecuador (Nurse 1989). The spiralling demand for bananas from the US fruit companies converted the coastal area of the country (La Costa) into large banana planta tions with their associated socio-ecological relations (Armstrong and McGee 1985: 114; Larrea-Maldonado 1982: 28–34; see also Schodt 1987). While in 1948, banana export receipts amounted to only US$2.8 million, this figure reached US$21.4 million in 1952 and US$88.9 million in 1960, accounting for 62.2% of Ecuador’s total exports (Hurtado 1981: 190; Grijalva 1990; Cortez 1992). By the mid-1950s, the country had become the world’s leading banana exporter. This manufactured ‘banana bonanza’ was organized through a new political economic and ecological transformation.
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Lohse, Alexandra. "Introduction." In Prevail until the Bitter End, 1–15. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759390.003.0001.

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This chapter charts the roughly twenty-seven months that lay between the destruction of the German Sixth Army at Stalingrad in January 1943 and Germany's unconditional surrender in May 1945. Mobilized for “total war,” German civilians and military personnel experienced an unparalleled convergence of military, economic, political, and social crises. The chapter investigates the conception of such notions under the crisis conditions of the final war years. It asks how members of the militarized national community interpreted their experiences at the intersection of extreme violence perpetrated by them and against them. How did they respond to the war's rising tolls and receding fortunes? What were their visions and expectations for the future? What impact did the war's descending trajectory have on people's relationship with the Nazi regime, and what did National Socialism in decline mean to those mobilized in its defense? Ultimately, the chapter probes popular responses to the violent dissolution of the Third Reich from an inclusive perspective that considers German military and civilian populations as integral members of Germany's wartime society (Kriegsgesellschaft).
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Markley, Robert. "“I Saw Through Time”: Falling into Other Histories." In Kim Stanley Robinson, 17–52. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042751.003.0002.

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Robinson’s alternative histories explore the collective project of remaking history as a moral, political, and spiritual imperative. “The Lucky Strike” (1984) and “A Sensitive Dependence on Initial Conditions” (1991) reimagine the moral and ethical implications of the bombing of Hiroshima in 1945. In The Years of Rice and Salt Robinson rewrites the bedrock values and assumptions of modernity without the Christian West: the Black Death in the 1350s wipes out Europe’s population, and the Islamic Middle East and China become dominant world powers. By recasting ideas of utopia in the Buddhist idiom of reincarnation, the novel frames the quest for social and economic justice as a form of spiritual progress. Shaman centers on life for a small band of hunter-gatherers in what is now Southern France during an ice age thirty-five thousand years ago. In exploring the lives of the Chauvet cave-painters, the novel emphasizes the complexity of this socio-climatological world, defined by the pack’s complex relationships to the animals its shaman-artists depict.
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Conference papers on the topic "Victoria Economic conditions 1945-"

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Sorokin, Alexander N. "Analyzing living conditions of Tomsk physicists’ scientific community in the period of social and economic upheaval (1930 - 1945)." In II International Scientific Symposium on Lifelong Wellbeing in the World. Cognitive-crcs, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.02.56.

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"The Population of the Tajik SSR During the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945): Problem Statement." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-1-10.

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Based on the analysis of works on the history of Tajikistan during the Great Patriotic War, the article reveals that the topic of the history of the Republic’s population has not received sufficient research. Tajik historians have focused on economic development, primarily in agriculture, labour feat and assistance to the front. In recent years, various papers were published about the difficult living conditions of the population, work of health authorities, reception and accommodation of evacuees and special settlers. Analysis of archival intelligence demonstrated that statistical information about the population contained in the archives of Tajikistan and Russia will form the basis for studying demographic processes in war conditions.
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Dolghi, Adrian. "Children in educational institutions of the Moldovan SSR in the academic year 1944–1945." In Simpozionul Național de Studii Culturale, Ediția a 2-a. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975352147.21.

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The article elucidates the situation of children in educational institutions in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in the context of the reoccupation of Bessarabia and the restoration of the Soviet-type educational system. Following the analysis of the archive documents, we found that the general schooling of the children was carried out in precarious socio-economic conditions, in the absence of appropriate buildings, furniture and adequate teaching inventory. It also happened in situations of poverty, when a large part of the population did not have enough resources to dress and feed children properly. The unsatisfactory conditions in schools have led to poor results in studies, the spread of diseases and epidemics among children. The situation in the educational institutions of the Moldavian SSR in the academic year 1944–1945 clearly illustrates that schooling had a compulsory character being motivated by the interest of the Soviet authorities to install administrative, political and ideological control over the young generation. After the occupation of Bessarabia, given the continuation of military operations to the countries of Western Europe and the need of restoration following them, resources were insufficient and political and ideological objectives were achieved in circumstances of poverty. The 1944–1945 academic year was a turning point for the young generation in the Moldovan SSR. It began to be subjected to ideological training through ideological study programs and involvement in communist organizations for children and youth. Also, the “convert” of children to the communist ideology, to the detriment of national traditions and values, began.
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Reports on the topic "Victoria Economic conditions 1945-"

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Research Department - General Economic Conditions - State Conditions Letters - Victoria - 1959. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/17978.

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Research Department - General Economic Conditions - Overseas Countries - Economic Trends in USA - 1940 - 1945. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/18022.

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Research Department - General Economic Conditions - National Income - Basic Statistics - 1945 - 1954. Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/17838.

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Research Department - Central Bank - General - Board & Advisory Council Memoranda - Economic Conditions - File 5 - 1945. Reserve Bank of Australia, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_2006/16024.

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