Academic literature on the topic 'Victims' relative'
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Journal articles on the topic "Victims' relative"
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Dawtry, Rael J., Mitchell J. Callan, Annelie J. Harvey, and James M. Olson. "Derogating Innocent Victims: The Effects of Relative Versus Absolute Character Judgments." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 2 (October 3, 2017): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167217733078.
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Drawing on just-world theory and research into the suppression and justification of prejudice, we propose that the use of relative compared with absolute measures of an innocent victim’s character enables observers to derogate the victim without transparently violating social norms or values proscribing derogation. In Study 1, we found that positive feelings expressed toward victims mirrored social norms proscribing negative reactions toward them. In Studies 2a, 2b, and 3, innocent victims were evaluated more negatively when ratings were made using relative (i.e., compared with evaluations of the average student or the self) versus absolute scales. In Study 4, this effect of scale type on derogation was stronger for people higher in the motivation to avoid prejudiced reactions to victims. Relative judgments seem to allow individuals to enact their counternormative motivation to derogate the victim under the cover of ambiguity and ostensibly rationally motivated social comparison processes.
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Cho, Sujung, and Jin Ree Lee. "Joint Growth Trajectories of Bullying Perpetration and Victimization Among Korean Adolescents: Estimating a Second-Order Growth Mixture Model–Factor-of-Curves With Low Self-Control and Opportunity Correlates." Crime & Delinquency 66, no. 9 (December 14, 2019): 1296–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128719890271.
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Joint growth trajectories of bullying perpetration and victimization were examined using 5-year panel data (2004–2008) from a sample of 2,844 South Korean adolescents between the ages of 11 and 15 (fourth to eighth grade). The second-order growth mixture model revealed three distinct subgroups: bully-victims to low bully-victims transition (9.9%); moderate bully-victims to victim transition (6.8%); and a limited involvement/stable group (83.3%). Respondents with less self-control who associated with delinquent peers were more likely to be members of both the bully-victims to low bully-victims transition and the moderate bully-victims to victim transition groups, compared with the limited involvement/stable group. Relative to the limited involvement/stable group, adolescents with less self-control were more likely to be members of both transition groups even after controlling for opportunity measures. Delinquent peer associations partially mediated these associations.
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Tontodonato, Pamela, and Edna Erez. "Crime, Punishment, and Victim Distress." International Review of Victimology 3, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809400300203.
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The costs of crime to victims are well-known and research has described the physical, emotional, and financial injuries sustained by crime victims. To date, however, there has been little empirical work which investigates the correlates of victim distress vis-à-vis victim involvement in the criminal justice process. The present study explores the role played by the criminal justice experience in victim distress level and the relative importance of victim, offense, and system participation variables. Multivariate analysis revealed that the level of distress following the victimization is largely a function of offense type, victim perception of sentence severity, and victim demographic characteristics of sex and age. Investigation of the factors predictive of current victim distress level indicated that receiving restitution and the level of distress following the victimization are most important, in addition to the personal characteristics of race and marital status. The implications of these findings for research on victim participation and for policy concerning crime victims are discussed.
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Glasser, M., I. Kolvin, D. Campbell, A. Glasser, I. Leitch, and S. Farrelly. "Cycle of child sexual abuse: Links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator." British Journal of Psychiatry 179, no. 6 (December 2001): 482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.6.482.
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BackgroundThere is widespread belief in a ‘cycle’ of child sexual abuse, but little empirical evidence for this belief.AimsTo identify perpetrators of such abuse who had been victims of paedophilia and/or incest, in order to: ascertain whether subjects who had been victims become perpetrators of such abuse; compare characteristics of those who had and had not been victims; and review psychodynamic ideas thought to underlie the behaviour of perpetrators.MethodRetrospective clinical case note review of 843 subjects attending a specialist forensic psychotherapy centre.ResultsAmong 747 males the risk of being a perpetrator was positively correlated with reported sexual abuse victim experiences. The overall rate of having been a victim was 35% for perpetrators and 11 % for non-perpetrators. Of the 96 females, 43% had been victims but only one was a perpetrator. A high percentage of male subjects abused in childhood by a female relative became perpetrators. Having been a victim was a strong predictor of becoming a perpetrator, as was an index of parental loss in childhood.ConclusionsThe data support the notion of a victim-to-victimiser cycle in a minority of male perpetrators but not among the female victims studied. Sexual abuse by a female in childhood may be a risk factor for a cycle of abuse in males.
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Gibson, Rhonda, and Dolf Zillmann. "Reading between the Photographs: The Influence of Incidental Pictorial Information on Issue Perception." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 77, no. 2 (June 2000): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900007700209.
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A news report on an Appalachian tick disease was differently illustrated. It either contained no images, an image of ticks, or this tick image plus three child victims. The victims were ethnically balanced (two White, one Black) or not (either all White or all Black). The text did not make any reference to the victims' ethnicity. Respondents assessed the risk of contracting the disease for children of different ethnicity. Partiality in pictorially representing a particular ethnic group fostered the relative overestimation of risk for that group. Inclusion of the image of ticks, especially when combined with victim images, prompted higher risk assessment overall.
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Kalaitzaki, Argyroula E., John Birtchnell, and Evangelos I. Kritsotakis. "The Associations Between Negative Relating and Aggression in the Dating Relationships of Students From Greece." Partner Abuse 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 420–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.1.4.420.
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The study examined the prevalence rates and severity of four aspects of dating aggression (physical assault, injury, sexual coercion, and psychological aggression) and their associations with negative relating tendencies in a convenience sample of 247 university students from Greece. A high proportion of the students were both aggressors and victims of aggression by their partners. Prevalence and chronicity of the majority of the types of aggression were higher for male than for female students. There were few gender differences in the prevalence of being a victim of aggression. Although, as predicted, both aggressors and victims had higher negative relating scores than those who were neither aggressors nor victims, few of the differences were statistically signifi cant. However, injury, sexual coercion, and severe assault were signifi cantly correlated with relating from a position of relative strength (upperness). Being injured was signifi cantly correlated with relating from a position of relative weakness (lowerness).
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Budd, Kristen M., Michael Rocque, and David M. Bierie. "Deconstructing Incidents of Campus Sexual Assault: Comparing Male and Female Victimizations." Sexual Abuse 31, no. 3 (May 4, 2017): 296–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063217706708.
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Research on campus sexual assault (CSA) has almost exclusively drawn on self-report data, examined undergraduates (i.e., students aged 18-24), and focused on female victimization. The few studies which included male CSA victims generally had fewer than 100 male subjects, which makes important statistical analyses difficult. To build upon prior literature and expand knowledge on male CSA victimization, we analyzed more than 5,000 incidents of CSA that were reported to police from across the United States using National Incident-Based Reporting System data (NIBRS; 1993-2014). We expanded victim age ranges to include those 17 to 32 years old and investigated more male CSA victimizations than prior work to date, approximately 350 incidents. Comparisons of male victim versus female victim CSA incidents, estimated via multivariate logistic regression, revealed several important patterns. Although both male and female victims were approximately 19 years old on average, perpetrators who assaulted females tended to be 23 years old while those assaulting males were on average 29. While 1% of CSA perpetrators offending against female victims were themselves female, 17% of perpetrators offending against male victims were female. Finally, CSA incidents with male victims were more likely to include multiple offenders, but less likely to involve stranger or Black perpetrators and also less likely to result in injuries relative to CSA incidents with female victims. Implications are discussed in terms of policing practices, and we pose new questions to the field regarding the study and prevention of CSA.
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Martin, Patricia Yancey, and R. Marlene Powell. "Accounting for the “Second Assault”: Legal Organizations’ Framing of Rape Victims." Law & Social Inquiry 19, no. 04 (1994): 853–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1994.tb00942.x.
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What organizational and community conditions influence legal officials to treat rape victims “unresponsively”? Our analysis is guided by Goffman's theory of organizational frameworks and frames of activity and March and Olsen's institutional theory of organizations. Using data from 130 organizations in Florida that process rape cases, we compare six types of organizations (including hospital emergency rooms and rape crisis centers) on eight criteria and review their frameworks and frames of activity relative to unresponsiveness. We use the issue of victim legitimacy to illustrate the utility of our model. Our results show that well-meaning staff in legal organizations are oriented to routinely treat victims unresponsively. Their organizations routinely orient them to be concerned with, for example, public approval, the avoidance of losing, and expediency more than with victims' needs. In our conclusion, we identify ways legal officials and rape crisis centers can promote responsive treatment of victims. We also call for research on legal organizations that are responsive to victims and for a nationwide discourse on the “politics of rape victims' needs” as a means of addressing the gender inequality issues that underlie rape crimes and laws and orient legal officials to treat victims unresponsively.
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Shemanova, N. A. "The Experience of Overcoming of Trauma Caused by Getting Acquainted with Archival Investigative Case of Repressed Relative." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 24, no. 1 (2016): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2016240111.
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The article describes a case when exploring archival investigation file of the repressed and executed relative is accompanied by the emergence of delayed posttraumatic stress disorder. Feelings that emerged during contact with the investigation file: fear, resentment and confusion, shame, the desire to keep a secret are disscussed. The difference between experiences of relatives of the Gulag victims and relatives of victims of other historical events or disasters is examined. The article considers protective and adaptive mechanisms that help to overcome psychological trauma.
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Chasteen, Alison L., and Scott F. Madey. "Belief in a Just World and the Perceived Injustice of Dying Young or Old." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 47, no. 4 (December 2003): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/w7h7-te9e-1fwn-b8xd.
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We investigated how belief in a just world (i.e., that people get what they deserve) affects the perceived injustice of dying young versus dying old. Younger and older adult participants completed a measure of their just world beliefs and then were randomly assigned to read one of four newspaper articles purportedly about a person who died in an automobile accident. In the articles, both the victim's age (19 or 79) and the victim's outlook on life (concerned about the future or living for today) were varied. Results indicated that participants viewed the death of a younger victim as more unjust than the death of an older victim. Older adults, however, experienced less negative affect than did younger adults when reading the article. Older adults also expressed a higher belief in a just world (BJW) than did younger adults. In addition, BJW was related to perceived justice. Participants with a higher BJW perceived the deaths of both victims as more tragic and unjust than did those with a low BJW. The victim's outlook on life did not affect perceived justice. Implications for medical decision-making, the use of aggressive treatment, and the relative value of youth versus age are discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Victims' relative"
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KRYGIER, Kamila Anna. "Relative deprivation, justice perceptions and forgiveness of victims in Poland and Uganda." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/43.
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This study examines the question of how persisting economic and social inequalities between perpetrators and victims affect victims’ perceptions of justice and forgiveness in cross-cultural settings by applying the theory of relative deprivation. The hypothesis of this study is that inequalities trigger relative deprivation in victims, which in turn has a direct negative effect on forgiveness as well as an indirect effect via justice perceptions. Relative deprivation is defined as a consequence of a disadvantageous comparison with an outgroup. It includes the cognitive elements of comparing and perceiving the own outcome as less than deserved, as well as the affective components of anger and resentment. The comparison conditions applied in this study are economic status and social acknowledgement. In order to test the direct effect of relative deprivation on forgiveness, as well as the indirect effect via justice perceptions, vignette experiments were employed. The same causal relationships were tested with a survey to complement the experiment with a real-life setting. The studies were conducted in two culturally and historically diverse post-conflict settings, namely Poland and northern Uganda. To achieve a fuller picture of the similarities and differences between those settings this study made use of qualitative methods, such as open-ended questions and interviews. The regression analysis revealed consistent negative effects of relative deprivation on justice perceptions. The direct negative effects of relative deprivation on forgiveness are mostly significant but vary across both countries with regard to its different dimensions. As expected, a perception of justice contributes to forgiveness. Contrary to the theoretical predictions, victims experience varying degrees of relative deprivation in all experimental conditions except the one, where they are better off than the perpetrator. The qualitative findings revealed that an improvement of economic conditions is of utmost importance for the justice perceptions of most victims in both countries, as are apologies and remorse for forgiveness.
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AURELIANI, THOMAS. "LA MOBILITAZIONE DEI FAMILIARI DI DESAPARECIDOS IN MESSICO E LA ¿GUERRA AL NARCOTRAFFICO¿. IL CASO DEL COLLETTIVO FUUNDEC-M." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/740781.
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La tesi vuole indagare le condizioni che favoriscono l’attivismo dei familiari delle vittime in contesti ad alto-rischio attraverso l’analisi del processo di mobilitazione di questo tipo di attori sociali. A partire dalla cornice teorica di stampo sociologico relativa allo studio dei movimenti sociali, questo elaborato mira a costruire una risposta multifattoriale mediante una triplice prospettiva centrata sul contesto socio-politico (macro), sugli attori e i networks (meso) e sull’individuo (micro). La ricerca è basata sull’approfondimento di un singolo caso studio: Fuerzas Unidas por Nuestros Desaparecidos en Coahuila y en México – FUUNDEC-M, un collettivo di familiari di vittime di sparizione forzata nato e sviluppatosi nello stato messicano nord-orientale di Coahuila, una regione caratterizzata dalla presenza della criminalità organizzata e da alti livelli di violenza, impunità e corruzione politico-istituzionale.The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the conditions that encourage the activism of victims’ relatives in high-risk contexts. It will be possible through the analysis of the process of mobilization of these kind of social actors. Based on sociological literature of social movements, the research aims to give a multifactorial response to this peculiar collective action. Three dimensions of analysis will be taken into consideration: the socio-political context (macro), the actors and networks (meso) and the individual (micro). This work focuses the attention on a single case study: Fuerzas Unidas por Nuestros Desaparecidos en Coahuila y en México – FUUNDEC-M. This collective of relatives of forced disappearances’ victims was born and developed in the North-eastern Mexican state of Coahuila, a region characterized by the presence of organized crime and high levels of violence, impunity and political-institutional corruption.
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Sidommou, Imen Ouhod. "Le couple pénal : coupable/victime." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB056.
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Étudier « Le couple pénal : coupable / victime » c'est étudier une union et un duel. Un couple suppose la réunion de ses deux agents. Le tout est de savoir comment les protagonistes vont se réunir ? Dans quelles circonstances ? Et selon quel scénario ? Les questions se multiplient mais ce qui est certain c'est que ce n'est pas le hasard qui dicte toujours la victimisation. Victime latente, victime prédisposée, victime désignée, victime idéale, victime déterminée ou encore victime sociale, toutes sont convoquées par l'agresseur. Il reste cependant à comprendre le choix de la victime. Celle-ci peut-être porteuse d'un trait caractéristique innée ou encore d'une étiquette imposée par son parcours social. Dans les deux cas la victime apparait comme une cible désignée, désignée par le groupe auquel elle appartient à un groupe vulnérable, par la nature même de ses sujets. Dans d'autres cas, la victime est initialement non déterminée. C'est elle qui attire le coupable vers elle, créant ainsi une certaine interaction entre les deux agents. Et c'est d'ailleurs, cette interaction qui concrétise au mieux la définition du couple pénal. En effet, un couple est amené à échanger. Lors de cet échange apparait nettement le rôle de la victime. Victime et coupable représentent une dualité difficile à dissocier. L'interaction entre eux peut trouver sa base dans une relation entre les deux. Cette relation favorise la compréhension du pourquoi de certaines infractions. Et c'est pour cette raison qu'elle a été retenue par le législateur pour dicter des infractions spéciales avec une qualification juridique indépendante en raison de cette relation (infanticide, inceste, parricide, harcèlement). L'interaction entre les deux protagonistes peut trouver sa base dans le comportement de la victime face au coupable. Dans ce sens, la victime n'est pas tout simplement un sujet prédisposé, elle va s'avérer réactive, collaboratrice même. Parler de la collaboration, de la culpabilité, de la responsabilité de la victime peut prêter à équivoque. Comment peut-on accepter de tels adjectifs qualificatifs pour un agent censé être la partie qui subit le mal ? Cette terminologie parait choquante mais son apport ne fait pas le moindre doute. C'est la pièce maitresse même de toute la discipline de la victimologie. Le tout est donc de la comprendre dans son vrai contexte pour éviter tout détournement. Face à ce qui vient d'être relevé, on retient un coupable qui se présente comme l'agent actif qui commet le tort et une victime qui s'avère être l'agent passif qui le subit. Le rythme entre les deux sujets s'accélère jusqu'à ce que le mal soit fait. L'infraction étant consommée, le rythme entre les deux diminue. L'existence du couple pénal continue cependant à s'inscrire dans le temps. Le coupable découvert ne jouit plus de son rôle actif. Les rôles s'inversent alors. Après que le mal soit fait, les regards se tournent vers la victime. Que va-t-elle faire ? La victime n'est plus uniquement la personne qui subit, mais la personne qui se venge. Au fond, la victimisation est loin d'être une phase facile dans la vie de la victime. C'est une expérience effrayante et déstabilisante. Elle n'est pas un événement fugace. C'est un processus qui s'étend dans le temps. D'abord, la victime doit faire un pas en avant et apprendre à dénoncer. Puis sa victimisation ne doit pas être une condamnation à perpétuité. Elle doit réclamer ses droits. Cette revendication expresse des victimes est une revendication de dignité, de considération et d'honneur. Le procès pénal apparaît à ses yeux comme producteur de vérité. C'est le moment tant attendu pour exprimer sa souffrance et sa douleur. C'est par excellence une scène de justice pour apaiser la victime. C'est aussi une scène de conciliation permettant de "négocier" la justice afin d'apaiser le couple pénal. On entre alors dans la démarche de la justice restauratrice permettant le coupable de prendre conscience de la répercussion de son acteTo study " The penal couple: culprit / victim " it is to study an union and a duel. A couple supposes the meeting of both agents. The whole is to know how the protagonists are going to meet? In which circumstances? And according to which scenario? The questions multiply but what is certain that it is not the coincidence that always dictates the victimization. Latent victim, amenable victim, indicated victim, ideal victim, determined victim or social victim, all are convened by the aggressor. However, It remains to understand the choice of the victim. This one can be carrier innate characteristic or still a label imposed by its social course. In both cases the victim appears as a designated target , designated by the group to who she belongs to a vulnerable group, by the nature of her subjects. In other cases, the victim is initially not determined. It is her who attracts the culprit towards her, so creating a certain interaction between both agents. And it is moreover, this interaction which concretizes at best the definition of the penal couple. Indeed, a couple is brought to exchange. During this exchange appears clearly the role of the victim. Victim and culprit represent a duality difficult to separate. The interaction between them can find its basis in a relation between both. This relation favors the understanding of why of certain offenses. And this is why it was held by the legislator to dictate special offenses with an independent legal qualification because of this relation (infanticide, incest, parricide, harassment). The interaction between both protagonists can find its basis in the behavior of the victim in front of culprit. In this sense, the victim is not simply an amenable subject, she is going to turn out reactive, collaborator. To talk about the collaboration, about the guilt, about the responsibility of the victim can be ambiguous. How can we accept such adjectives for a supposed agent to be the part which undergoes the evil? This terminology countered shocking but its contribution does not make the slightest doubt. It is the major component of all the discipline of the victimology. Thus the whole is to understand her in its real context to avoid any diversion. In the face of what has been raised, we hold a culprit who appears as the active agent who commits the wrong and the victim who turns out to be the passive agent who undergoes him. The rhythm between both subjects accelerates until the evil is made. The offense being consumed, the rhythm between both decreases. The existence of the penal couple keeps however joining in time. The guilty overdraft does not enjoy anymore its active role. The roles are then reversed. After the evil is made, the looks turn to the victim. What is she going to make? The victim is more only the person who undergoes, but the person who takes revenge. At the bottom, the victimization is far from being an easy phase in the life of the victim. It is a terrible and destabilizing experience. It is not a fleeting event. It is the process which extends in time. At first, the victim has to make a step forward and learn to denounce. Then his victimization should not be a life sentence. She has to demand her rights. This express claiming of the victims is a claiming of dignity, consideration and honor. The penal trial appears for him as producer of the truth. It is the long-awaited moment to express its suffering and its pain. It is archetypal a scene of justice to calm the victim. It is also a scene of conciliation allowing "to negotiate" the justice to calm the penal couple. We enter then the approach of the justice restaurant owner allowing the culprit to become aware of the repercussion of its act in the life of the victim and to try to repair the caused evil. This emotional restoration including excuses establishes a very important compensation in the eyes of the victim. She can forgive and hope by this gesture to arrive at the forgetting
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Simard, Nathalie. "Relation entre les stratégies d'adaptation et les manifestations post-traumatiques et dépressives des sinistrés des inondations de juillet 1996 au Saguenay /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2000. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Mémoire (M.Ps.)--Université du Québec, 2000.En tête du titre: Université du Québec, mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en psychologie offerte à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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Gledhill, Melanie Kay. "Perceived risk and health behaviour stage of change in the relatives and friends of heart attack victims /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsg555.pdf.
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Libby, Heather Elizabeth. "Evil perpetrators or cultural victims? An examination of the relation between cultural membership and moral responsibility." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/846.
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In my dissertation, I explore the connection between cultural membership and moral responsibility. In particular, I consider what sorts of mitigating excuses, if any, are available to perpetrators of what we take to be serious wrong action due to their unique cultural circumstances. I utilize real-life case studies, and apply various philosophical theories of moral responsibility to these examples.
One such theory--offered by Susan Wolf--suggests that these "cultural defendants" may not be responsible for their participation in morally wrong practices due to the possibility that they may have been rendered by their cultures unable to recognize and/or appreciate that these practices were in fact wrong. This would supposedly allow us to claim that they were not culpable for their resulting ignorance or for their morally wrong actions which resulted from acting in accordance with their (actually false) beliefs. I argue that this approach to understanding the relation between moral responsibility and cultural membership is seriously flawed, and provides us with counter-intuitive results about the case studies in question.
Consequently, I next examine theories of responsibility which suggest that responsibility may be mitigated not because of an alleged inability to recognize the truth, but rather due to the alleged reasonability of the beliefs of the perpetrators. Lawrence Vogel and Neil Levy offer versions of this strategy. They argue that, because certain morally wrong practices (such as slavery) were endorsed by the societies of certain individuals, their resulting beliefs in the propriety of their actions were epistemically reasonable. It is argued that these persons should not be considered culpable for holding their actually false beliefs or for acting in accordance with them. I argue that the strategy is in many ways preferable to Wolf's inability thesis, yet it nonetheless suffers from ambiguity.
The final portion of my project explores the connection between the epistemic status of a belief and a person's moral culpability for holding and acting upon it. I outline the grounds upon which the subjects in the case studies can be held morally culpable for their epistemic mistakes and for their failure to develop and exercise epistemic virtues.
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Lefrançois, Jérémie. "L'efficacité relative des traitements des cauchemars et des perturbations de sommeil auprès d'une population de victimes d'abus sexuel." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31452.
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L’abus sexuel est une atteinte à l’intégrité physique et psychique d’une personne. De ce trauma, plusieurs conséquences biopsychosociales viennent affecter les diverses sphères de vie de la victime. Les victimes d’agression sexuelle (VAS) sont 7 fois plus à risque de développer un État de stress posttraumatique (ÉSPT)1 qu’une personne sans antécédent d’abus sexuel. Des symptômes posttraumatiques diurnes surviennent et placent la VAS notamment dans un état d’alerte omniprésent, accompagné de pensées intrusives, d’états dissociatifs possibles et de comportements d’évitement. Bien qu’ils soient moins étudiés que ceux vécus durant le jour, les symptômes posttraumatiques nocturnes (e.g. cauchemars récurrents, insomnie) maintiendraient la VAS dans l’ÉSPT et persisteraient au-delà des traitements usuels. Les cauchemars récurrents seraient même liés à un plus haut risque de danger suicidaire. En effet, les VAS seraient plus à risque d’en souffrir (77%) que d’autres types de populations posttraumatiques, entres autres, étant donné que le trauma sexuel survient fréquemment en soirée ou au moment du coucher. En ce sens, plusieurs traitements destinés directement aux symptômes posttraumatiques nocturnes ont vu le jour depuis les trois dernières décennies. Ainsi, ce mémoire doctoral prend la forme d’une recension systématique ayant pour but de documenter l’efficacité des traitements adressés aux cauchemars et aux perturbations de sommeil chez les VAS. Celle-ci inclut une sélection d’études exhaustive et diversifiée ainsi que l’évaluation de la qualité méthodologique des 22 études primaires qui la composent. La codification et l’extraction de données ont été réalisées par trois codificateurs indépendants (kappa= 0,93). Chaque étude primaire recensée a également fait l’objet d’une évaluation systématique de leur qualité méthodologique. Enfin, une fois les données primaires recueillies, des tableaux synthèses ont été effectués, analysés et interprétés en ressortant les informations pertinentes (caractéristiques des échantillons cliniques, caractéristiques méthodologiques, caractéristiques inhérentes aux traitements recensés) autant pour la recherche que pour la pratique clinique.Sexual abuse is a tremendous threat to both physical and psychological integrity of human beings. This prevalent trauma induces several biopsychosocial consequences that affect the various life domains of the victim. Sexual assault victims (SAV) are seven times more at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than someone without a history of sexual abuse. Daytime posttraumatic symptoms arise, and SAV find themselves in a state of hypervigilance, accompanied by intrusive thoughts, potential dissociative states and avoidance behaviors. Although less studied than those experienced during the day, nighttime posttraumatic symptoms (e.g. recurring nightmares, insomnia) would maintain the SAV in PTSD and persist beyond the usual treatments targeting PTSD. Recurring nightmares are even linked to a higher risk of suicidality. Given that sexual trauma often occurs in the evening or at bedtime, SAV are more likely to suffer (77%) from nighttime symptoms than other posttraumatic populations. Several treatments addressing directly nighttime posttraumatic symptoms have emerged over the past three decades. The aim of the present project is to systematically review the effectiveness of these treatments targeting nighttime symptoms (nightmares and sleep disturbances) in SAV suffering from PTSD. This review includes an exhaustive and diversified selection of studies as well as an assessment of the methodological quality of the 22 primary studies that comprise it. Coding and data extraction were performed by three independent judges (kappa = 0.93). Once primary data were gathered, summary tables were rendered, analyzed and interpreted to highlight relevant information on clinical samples, methodological designs and interventions, for both research and clinical practice. Despite the heterogeneity within and between the primary studies, imagery rehearsal therapy (psychological intervention) and prazosin (pharmacological intervention) appear to be the most recurrent and proven effective interventions to treat nighttime PTSD symptoms (such as a significant reduction of nightmares and insomnia symptoms) and to noticeably increase the sleep quality and overall quality of life in SAV. This systematic review highlights the need for further study of the subject, and more importantly the use of complex methodological designs (e.g. larger and more representative clinical samples of SAV, more RCTs, more valid and objective sleep measures). Future research should include quantitative data analysis (as is the case with meta-analysis) for a better understanding of the effectiveness of these treatments and interventions.
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Almeida, Aline Gama de. "In memoriam: imagens do sofrimento dos familiares de vítimas da violência no Rio de Janeiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6347.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoEsta tese trata da relação entre violência, sofrimento, fotografia e memória, a partir do noticiário de violência na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e da participação dos familiares de vítimas de casos noticiados em movimentos contra a violência. Para compreender esse universo, descrevo e analiso os discursos textuais, visuais e emocionais dos familiares de vítimas e, também, dos fotojornalistas. As notícias de violência, segundo Luc Boltanski, são uma forma de denúncia e de conversão dos casos individuais em causas coletivas. Essas são tomadas como um primeiro registro da violência que se transforma em um lugar de memória desses acontecimentos na cidade. A partir de notícias e histórias narradas pelos entrevistados foram construídos pequenos quadros de memória que contam o processo vivido pelos familiares após a violência. Esse processo iniciado por uma violência original se converte, ao longo do tempo, em lutas individuais e coletivas. O tempo torna-se um agente que trabalha nas relações, nas emoções e na memória. Ele transforma os sentidos da experiência violenta e constrói a identidade de familiar de vítima e as relações entre eles, moldando comunidades emocionais. Essas comunidades apóiam os familiares em seu restabelecimento emocional e social e na luta para conquistar o direito de justiça. Diante da morte violenta, essas lutas agenciam o surgimento de novas violências e a chegada de novos familiares de vítimas em meio às memórias individuais e coletivas.
This thesis deals with the relationship between violence, suffering, photojournalism and memory, from the news of violence in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the participation of victims relatives of reported cases in movements against violence. In order to understand this universe, I describe and analyze textual, visual, and emotional speeches of victims relatives and also of photojournalists. The news of violence, according to Luc Boltanski, are way of denunciation and conversion of the individual cases into "collective causes". These are taken as a first record of violence that turns into a "place of memory" of these events in the city. From news and stories, told by the interviewees, were built small "memory frames" that tell the process experienced by the family after the violence. This process starts by a "original violence" becomes, over time, in individual and collective fights. "Time is an agent" which "works" in relationships, emotions and memory. This changes the sense of the violent experience and builds the identity of the victims relative and the relationships between them, shaping "emotional communities". These communities support the family in their social and emotional recovery and in their fight for the right to justice. In the face of violent death, these fights negotiate the emergence of new violence and the arrival of new families of victims amid the individual and collective memories.
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Karlsson, Holm William. "A constant worry : A qualitative study of relatives' role in- and experiences of a family member abusing drugs." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31973.
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A drug abuse and all problems associated with it, affects not only the abuser him-/herself but the people surrounding that person as well. This study aimed to qualitatively investigate in detail the role and experiences of six relatives to a drug abuser in the city of Sundsvall. The study looked through the use of the theoretical framework of Travis Hirschi´s Social bond theory how the social bonds were affected. The use of open-ended interviews got stories of the development and reciprocal impact of a drug problem. Four main themes of the role and experiences of relatives to a drug abuser were identified using thematic analysis. The four key themes identified, including several sub-themes, were (a) Characteristics of relative's early experiences, (b) Negative consequences, (c) Role and reactions of relatives and (d) Frustration. The experiences and impact of having a child/sibling abusing narcotics was varied and highly personal but the four themes were emphasised as being significant and shared in the narrative of the majority of participants. The result of the analysis showed a profound negative impact on the relatives of the drug abuser on several levels, as well as roles of great sacrifices that were hypothesized to impact the abuser. These negative consequences did in turn affect the social bonds within the family, leading to stress, friction and in some cases disrupted bonds. The four main themes were connected to each other, presenting a multi-faceted impact on- and role of relatives. The answers attained were in line with earlier studies on the topic, illustrating profound negative effects and therefore the use of the term: secondary victims were considered appropriate in this context.2017-06-01
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Willis, Hannah. "Exploring pathways to sex offending : childhood abusive histories, interpersonal relating and victim choice in sex offenders." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5125/.
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This thesis considers childhood abusive histories and relating style in a sex offender population. The second chapter is a systematic review of the literature that explores relationships between these variables. Childhood abuse was associated with insecure attachment and differences between subtypes of sex offenders were also present. Only one of the included studies indicated a possible pathway from abuse through relating style to victim selection. Due to the heterogeneous methodology of included studies, firm conclusions could not be drawn and therefore a more specific research question was recommended. The third chapter presents a critique of the Person’s Relating to Others Questionnaire (PROQ) (Birtchnell, Falkowski & Steffert, 1992). The reliability and validity of the measure is discussed along with its use in research and its benefit for the current study. The fourth chapter explores childhood abuse and relating style, as measured by the Person’s Relating to Others Questionnaire in subtypes of sex offenders. Childhood abuse was not related directly to victim choice. Childhood abuse was found to be associated with relating style, with any experience of physical abuse, with or without sexual abuse, increasing total negative relating. Subtypes of sex offenders were also found to relate differently on a number of scales, those with adult victims relating more comparably with violent offenders. A mediational effect of relating style between childhood abuse and victim choice was not found. The research demonstrated the relationship between childhood abuse and interpersonal relating in subtypes of sex offenders, but further research is required before a pathway to sex offending can be identified.
Books on the topic "Victims' relative"
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United States. National Transportation Safety Board, ed. Information for relatives of victims of transportation accidents. Washington, D.C. (490 L'Enfant Plaza, SW, Washington 20594): National Transportation Safety Board, 1996.
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1936-, Amaladoss M., Vidyajyoti Education & Welfare Society (Delhi, India), I.S.P.C.K. (Organization), and International Consultation on Globalization from the Perspective of the Victims of History (1998 : Delhi, India), eds. Globalization and its victims: As seen by the victims. Delhi: Vidyajyoti Education & Welfare Society, 1999.
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New York (State). Dept. of Audit and Control. Division of Management Audit. Crime Victims Board: Operating practices relating to grants and payments to crime victims should be improved. [Albany, N.Y]: The Division, 1991.
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United States. Federal Trade Commission. Office of Consumer and Business Education. Businesses must provide victims and law enforcement with transaction records relating to identity theft. Washington, D.C.]: Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Office of Consumer and Business Education, 2006.
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Northern Ireland. Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister., ed. Services for victims and survivors: Consultation on next phase of policy in relation to services for victims and survivors of the troubles in Northern Ireland and on the establishment of a Commissioner for Victims and Survivors. Belfast: Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister, 2005.
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Relating rape and murder: Narratives of sex, death and gender. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
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H.R. 4083, relating to the availability of the USIA television program, "Window on America"; H. Con. Res. 185, relative to the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; H.R. 633, a bill to amend the Foreign Service Act of 1980 relative to the annuities of certain Department of State personnel; H.R. 4309, the Torture Victims Relief Act of 1998: Markup before the Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session, July 24, 1998. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.
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(England), Warwickshire. Partners or victims?: An exploration of some of the key issues facing schools in relation to OFSTED inspection. Oxford: National Primary Centre, 1994.
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Female survivors of sexual abuse. New York: Brunner-Routledge, 2002.
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United States. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation., ed. Compendium of federal activities relating to the prevention and treatment of family violence. Washington, D.C: Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Victims' relative"
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Whyte, David. "Crime as a social relation of power." In Handbook of Victims and Victimology, 333–47. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315712871-23.
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Adshead, Gwen. "Psychological services for road accident victims and their relatives." In The Aftermath of Road Accidents, 217–23. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003209232-22.
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Onida, Valerio. "Moving Beyond Judicial Conflict in the Name of the Pre-Eminence of Fundamental Human Rights." In Remedies against Immunity?, 331–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_17.
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AbstractSentenza 238/2014 can be criticized insofar as it seems to ground Italy’s refusal to comply with the Jurisdictional Immunities Judgment of the International Court of Justice on the basis of the right of access to a judge for the victims of the conduct of German armed forces during World War II. Indeed, the principle of state’s immunity to the civil jurisdiction of other states regarding the conduct of their own armed forces does not in itself breach a victim’s right of access to a judge, which theoretically in this case might also be granted by a German court. However, Sentenza 238/2014 has the merit of highlighting, in the specific case of the Italian Military Internees (IMIs), the violation of the victims’ right to an effective judicial protection of their fundamental rights, given that German jurisdictions excluded every reparation that favoured IMIs. Such fundamental rights must prevail over the international rules relating to state immunity because, according to the supreme principles of the Italian constitutional order and to international law itself, fundamental human rights violations related to crimes against humanity must benefit from an effective protection. The impasse between Italy and Germany should be solved through a new joint initiative between the two governments (carried out ideally under a common understanding of the two Presidents of the Republic), which should examine the applicants’ cases in order to grant them reparation. Though symbolic, such reparation will have an important moral dimension.
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Hendrix, Anneke, Michiel L. Bots, and Arend Mosterd. "Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young; Epidemiology and Cardiogenetic Evaluation of Victims and Their Relatives." In Clinical Cardiogenetics, 311–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44203-7_19.
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Hendrix, Anneke, Michiel L. Bots, and Arend Mosterd. "Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young; Epidemiology and Cardiogenetic Evaluation of Victims and Their Relatives." In Clinical Cardiogenetics, 401–12. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-471-5_25.
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Yu, Guorui, Guangliang Yang, Tongxin Li, Xinhui Han, Shijie Guan, Jialong Zhang, and Guofei Gu. "MinerGate: A Novel Generic and Accurate Defense Solution Against Web Based Cryptocurrency Mining Attacks." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 50–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4922-3_5.
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AbstractWeb-based cryptocurrency mining attacks, also known as cryptojacking, become increasingly popular. A large number of diverse platforms (e.g., Windows, Linux, Android, and iOS) and devices (e.g., PC, smartphones, tablets, and even critical infrastructures) are widely impacted. Although a variety of detection approaches were recently proposed, it is challenging to apply these approaches to attack prevention directly.Instead, in this paper, we present a novel generic and accurate defense solution, called “MinerGate”, against cryptojacking attacks. To achieve the goal, MinerGate is designed as an extension of network gateways or proxies to protect all devices behind it. When attacks are identified, MinerGate can enforce security rules on victim devices, such as stopping the execution of related JavaScript code and alerting victims. Compared to prior approaches, MinerGate does not require any modification of browsers or apps to collect the runtime features. Instead, MinerGate focuses on the semantics of mining payloads (usually written in WebAssembly/asm.js), and semantic-based features.In our evaluation, we first verify the correctness of MinerGate by testing MinerGate in a real environment. Then, we check MinerGate’s performance and confirm MinerGate introduces relatively low overhead. Last, we verify the accuracy of MinerGate. For this purpose, we collect the largest WebAssembly/asm.js related code with ground truth to build our experiment dataset. By comparing prior approaches and MinerGate on the dataset, we find MinerGate achieves better accuracy and coverage (i.e., 99% accuracy and 98% recall). Our dataset will be available online, which should be helpful for more solid understanding of cryptojacking attacks.
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Blom, Lennart J., Annette F. Baas, Aryan Vink, and Rutger J. Hassink. "Sudden Cardiac Death in the Young: Post-mortem Investigation and Cardiogenetic Evaluation of Victims and Their Relatives." In Clinical Cardiogenetics, 363–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45457-9_21.
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Light, Edwina, Michael Robertson, Wendy Lipworth, Garry Walter, and Miles Little. "Bioethics and the Krankenmorde: Disability and Diversity." In The International Library of Bioethics, 129–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01987-6_8.
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AbstractBetween 1933 and 1945, almost 300,000 people were murdered and 360,000 sterilized by the National Socialist (Nazi) regime under a group of crimes now collectively known as the Krankenmorde, the murder of the sick and disabled. Founded in narrow-minded and inconsistent accounts of a good and valuable life, the Nazi eugenic and “euthanasia” crimes were brutal and violent acts organized and executed by doctors, nurses and other professionals. Acknowledgement of this group of victims was delayed and obscured due to historical events as well as prevailing political and social attitudes toward mental illness and disability. As a result, the breadth of the Krankemorde crimes and its victims, its relationship to the Holocaust and its contemporary significance–to bioethics and society more broadly–is less recognized or understood than that of other Nazi medical crimes, such as the infamous experiments on prisoners. First presenting a history of the Krankenmorde and its aftermath in Germany and Nazi occupied territories, this chapter goes on to examine the value of bioethics having better knowledge of this part of its history and, in particular, engaging with its own epistemic constraints in relation to disability and ableism. These ideas are explored further in the context of contemporary bioethical issues related to the rights and treatment of people with disabilities, specifically the allocation of health resources. Throughout the chapter we seek to highlight the lives of Krankenmorde victims–those who survived and those who did not–all of whom have been historically overlooked and marginalized.
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Hsia, Ke-Chin. "Conclusion." In Victims' State, 226–38. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197582374.003.0009.
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Abstract The first part of the conclusion provides an overview of the emergence and developments of Austrian war victim welfare from the introduction of universal military service in 1868 to the mid-1920s, and looks at their long-term relevance for the post-1945 welfare legislation and programs. The second part of the conclusion discusses why the immediate post-1918 reform dynamics in welfare politics petered out after 1921. Participatory legislation and democratic institution-building led to two unintended consequences: the routinization and bureaucratization of welfare politics, and the fragmentation of the war victim movement. Adding the changed political constellations and the new government priorities of fiscal discipline, the momentum of grassroots war victim movement could not be sustained. Organized war victims turned to milieu-based political parties as their advocates and lost their relative political autonomy. But their precedent of welfare state-expansion and interest group-based stabilization would be repeated after 1945.
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Papadopoulos, Homer, and Antonis Korakis. "Predicting Medical Resources Required to be Dispatched After Earthquake and Flood, Using Historical Data and Machine Learning Techniques." In Improving the Safety and Efficiency of Emergency Services, 38–66. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2535-7.ch003.
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This article presents a method to predict the medical resources required to be dispatched after large-scale disasters to satisfy the demand. The historical data of past incidents (earthquakes, floods) regarding the number of victims requested emergency medical services and hospitalisation, simulation tools, web services and machine learning techniques have been combined. The authors adopted a twofold approach: a) use of web services and simulation tools to predict the potential number of victims and b) use of historical data and self-trained algorithms to “learn” from these data and provide relative predictions. Comparing actual and predicted victims needed hospitalisation showed that the proposed models can predict the medical resources required to be dispatched with acceptable errors. The results are promoting the use of electronic platforms able to coordinate an emergency medical response since these platforms can collect big heterogeneous datasets necessary to optimise the performance of the suggested algorithms.
Conference papers on the topic "Victims' relative"
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Tencer, Allan F., Sohail Mirza, Dennis Martin, Vern Goodwin, Roger Sackett, and Jerry Schaefer. "Development of a Retro-Fit Anti-Whiplash Seat Cushion Based on Studies of Accident Victims and Human Volunteers." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0490.
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Abstract Whiplash injuries of the cervical spine due to rear-end motor vehicle accidents continue to be the single most expensive medical claim for insurers (Insurance Institute, 1995). The diagnosis of whiplash is confounded by a general lack of objective symptoms, but may result in a long lasting chronic condition (Spitzer, 1996). Head restraints were introduced in US vehicles in 1969, to limit rearward angular displacement of the occupant’s head relative to the torso (Code of Federal Regulations).
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Vera, JV. "ONLINE CRIMINAL CLINIC." In The 7th International Conference on Education 2021. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/24246700.2021.7147.
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Confinement brought with it virtual classes, and that teaching channel that was once the exception, became the rule, but, what are the implications that this change produced for crime victims who seek access to justice? The main objective of this contribution is to exemplify, by sharing the results and experiences produced by the criminal clinic taught in virtual format of the Campus Puebla, how online clinical teaching, as well as a face-to-face legal clinic execution, achieves a differentiated learning in relation to the traditional methodology of teaching, that is, the development of disciplinary and transversal educational competences for criminal litigation through experiential learning. The penal clinic at the Tecnológico de Monterrey in Puebla City, Mexico, was established four years ago from the project "Voice of the Victims" in conjunction with the Arizona State University and sponsored by the Merida Initiative. The criminal clinic works with an external institution called "socio-trainer". By acquiring knowledge about the role of legal advisors to victims, and by taking an active part in the entire criminal process, students develop diverse transversal competences like professional responsibility, human sense, and professional ethics; In addition to that, this contribution aims to also showcase the online criminal clinic execution limitations and opportunities of development when compared to the face-to-face or in person clinic development. The methodology follows a format of assigning real criminal cases to students who assume the role of victim lawyers; They are guided by professors from the University and a lawyer from the Socio-trainer Institution. They are evaluated according to the procedural progress of the assigned cases, as well as activities and alternatives for access to justice such as: counseling for crime victims, preparation of briefs and guidelines for hearings. In the August-December 2020 semester, the clinic was executed online, and the methodology underwent an important transformation in its academic and practical aspects, as well as in the care and follow-up of assigned criminal cases. The process had negative implications due to the lack of constant interaction with the victims and the authorities, but this did not substantially affect the student's learning. Keywords: Victims, Criminal Cases, Criminal Process, Clinical teaching, Online Education
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Salazar-Salgado, Sara, and Elizabeth Rendón-Vélez. "Displacement of the Residual Limb Within Transfemoral Sockets: A Literature Review." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23416.
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Abstract According to the World Health Organization and the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics, between 0.5 to 0.8 percent of the global population has suffered limb amputations. In the last years, Colombia, Angola, Afghanistan, and Chechenia are the countries that have held the first places with the highest amount of landmine victims. In Colombia, this weapon has left more than 10.000 affected people, many of which have suffered traumatic lower limb amputation To recover some of the lost function, amputees are generally prescribed with a prosthesis. However, the adaptation of the user with this element depends on the comfort felt when using it and consequently, on the fit between the socket and the residual limb. The fit between these two elements is highly influenced by the relative motion between them (i.e. displacement, slip). Both excess of displacement or complete absence, have several negative consequences for the amputee. Thus, measuring displacement could be an important indicator of the quality of the socket and the suspension system, and could provide critical information to improve surgical interventions, the prescription of prosthetic elements and the design and development of new prosthetic components. Several authors have investigated this topic; however, the studies have been mostly conducted on transtibial amputees. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the gathered information about the displacement between the socket and residual limb in transfemoral amputees. A computer-aided systematic literature search was performed by two independent reviewers using three databases. The selected papers were evaluated with regards to: sample characteristics, displacement measurement instrument, measured activity, displacement axis, surfaces in contact, type of socket and type of suspension system used. Most of the studies were performed on less than five individuals with mature residual limbs and trauma caused amputation. The most common aspects of displacement were: imaging techniques (measurement instrument), gait (measured activity), vertical direction (displacement axis), bone/socket (surfaces in contact), quadrilateral (type of socket) and suction-based (suspension system). The optimal range of motion is still unknown for transfemoral amputees. A marker-based optical tracking system is promising for research purposes, while electronic sensors would be optimal for clinical use. Volume change may be an indirect and, more straightforward option to measure displacement. Further research is needed to determine the effect of using a modified socket, to find a way to measure relative motion inside the socket using marker-based optical tracking systems and to define the influence of subject-specific characteristics in the amount of displacement. A better understanding of what happens inside the socket helps to optimize prosthetic designs and to improve the amputee’s quality of life.
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Nasrallah, Danah. "Contradictions in public policy in relation to victims of trafficking within UK”." In 11th International Conference on Humanities, Psychology and Social Sciences. Acavent, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/11th.hpsconf.2020.12.99.
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Garcia-Lebron, Richard B., Kristin M. Schweitzer, Raymond M. Bateman, and Shouhuai Xu. "A Framework for Characterizing the Evolution of Cyber Attacker-Victim Relation Graphs." In MILCOM 2018 - IEEE Military Communications Conference. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom.2018.8599852.
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Nurhudatiana, Arfika, Adams Wai-Kin Kong, Keyan Matinpour, Siu-Yeung Cho, and Noah Craft. "Fundamental statistics of relatively permanent pigmented or vascular skin marks for criminal and victim identification." In 2011 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcb.2011.6117496.
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Bastos, Arivan, Vaninha Vieira, and Antonio Jr. "Indoor location systems in emergency scenarios - A Survey." In XI Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2015.5824.
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Indoor location data are critical in emergency situations. Command centers need to monitor their operational forces. Rescuers need to find potential victims to carry proper care and the building’s occupants need to find the way for fast evacuation. Despite the growing body of research in indoor location, no technique is considered appropriate for different situations. Furthermore, few studies have analyzed the applicability of these techniques in an emergency setting, which has particular characteristics. This survey reviews works in indoor location applied to emergency scenarios, analyzing their applicability in relation to existing requirements in these types of situations.
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Quinn, Kyle P., Jason F. Luck, Roger W. Nightingale, and Beth A. Winkelstein. "The Onset of Structural Yield During Tensile Loading Increases With Age in the Pediatric PMHS Cervical Spine." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204771.
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Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of injury to the pediatric spine, and the mortality rate of pediatric spinal trauma victims has been approximated at 25–32% [1]. In addition, non-fatal painful traumatic injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes or sports-related activities contribute to an estimated prevalence of neck pain of 21–41% in children and adolescents [2]. It has been hypothesized that the anatomy of the pediatric neck, combined with a relatively large head mass, presents an increased risk for traumatic inertial loading in that population, particularly during early development. However, the relationship between mechanical metrics related to pain and age remains undefined, limiting the development of meaningful estimates of tolerance to painful injury in this population.
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Ivanova, E. L. "ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАБОТЫ С ЛЮДЬМИ С «ТРАВМОЙ СВИДЕТЕЛЯ ГЕНОЦИДА», С ОПОРОЙ НА СОБЫТИЯ ВТОРОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ." In ПЕРВЫЙ МЕЖКОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНЫЙ ЭКСТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС «ПЛАНЕТА ПСИХОТЕРАПИИ 2022: ДЕТИ. СЕМЬЯ. ОБЩЕСТВО. БУДУЩЕЕ». Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54775/ppl.2022.13.72.001.
Full textAbstract:
The Report is the response to the national movement aimed at the investigation of the events of the Soviet people’s genocide during the WW2, initiated by the president V.V. Putin. The recognition of the legal status of the genocide changes the identity of the people involved in the events including their relatives and descendants. The national movement on genocide investigation entails a change of the national identity. The change in the people’s consciousness may include recognition of the presence of mass psychological trauma due to those events. The beginning of work of the investigative and judicial authorities in this area is forming a public call for psychology (psychologists and psychotherapists) to form a theoretical, conceptual, methodological and practical apparatus to be used in the therapy with the people who were the victims of the genocide of the Second World War. Доклад является откликом на инициированное 20 ноября 2020 года президентом Путиным В.В. национальное движение по расследованию событий геноцида, которому подверглись советские граждане во время Второй мировой войны. Признание правового статуса событий геноцида влечет за собой изменение самосознания людей, причастных тем историческим событиям, а также их родственников и потомков. Национальное движение по расследованию событий геноцида влечет изменение национального самосознания людей. Изменение самосознания может включать признание наличия массовой психической травмы в связи с теми событиями, «травмы геноцида». С началом работы следственных и судебных органов в этом направлении закономерно формируется общественный запрос к психологии (психологам и психотерапевтам) на формирование теоретического, концептуального, методологического, практического аппарата для работы с людьми, пострадавшими от событий геноцида Второй мировой войны.
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Saeed Ghafoor Ahmad, Kosar, and Amanj nasih qadir omer. "Prosecuting the perpetrators of the Camp Speicher crime according to Iraqi laws or the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/45.
Full textAbstract:
"This work includes talking about the crime of Camp Speicher, in which 1,700 students of the Iraqi army of the Sheea creed were killed by the gangs of the terrorist organization ISIS, with the aim of eliminating the members of this sect because of the misleading ideology carried by those gangs. On 6-12-2014, Iraqi soldiers at Camp Speicher (Speicher Air Base) in Tikrit were subjected to murder and enforced disappearance by terrorist organizations because of their affiliation to the Sheea creed. This crime was among a series of brutal crimes for the genocide of Sheeas in Iraq. This is similar to what happened in the Badoush prison crime in the province of Mosul, which the Iraqi Parliament considered it as a crime of genocide, in which these gangs executed about (400) members of the prison inmates of the Sheea component. After ISIS took control of the city of Tikrit in Iraq, and one day after they took control of the city of Mosul, they captured (2000-2200) soldiers and led them to the presidential palaces in Tikrit, and they shot them there and in other areas and buried some of them alive. This disaster had a negative impact on the families of the victims of the Speicher where they went out in demonstrations demanded that the leaders who handed over the victims of Speicher to ISIS must be prosecuted, and in one of the demonstrations they managed to enter Parliament and demanded that the leaders who handed over Speicher to ISIS be held accountable. After that, many demonstrations took place by the families of the victims, some of which led to the closure of a bridge in Baghdad a few times Protesting the government's delay in clarifying the fate of their children or taking quick measures. The Iraqi parliament and government recently considered the Speicher incident “genocide” in reference to the premeditated murder of Badoush Prison inmates in Nineveh Governorate and the unarmed Speicher military base, the premeditated murder of members of the Albu Nimr, Jabour, al-Lahib, and al-Ubaid tribes, and the killing and displacement of civilians from Kurds, Christians, Yazidis and Shabaks in Sahel Nineveh, Sinjar, deliberate killing and displacement of Turkmens in Tal Afar and Bashir. This decision paves the way for obtaining international recognition from it as a ""genocide"" as stipulated in the Contract of the United Nations in 1948, and Iraq signed it in the fifties of the last century. This study attempts to explain the Al-Ikhnasas Court in looking into the crimes of genocide committed by ISIS against the bereaved students of the Air Force Base (Speicher) due to what this issue raised from the national and international public opinion, especially after the involvement of the Iraqi army leaders in this massacre, according to what witnesses reported in that area and what was reported by soldiers who survived the incident, in addition to the involvement of some members of the Sunni tribes in these crimes with the terrorist organization ISIS. The importance of this study lies in the following aspects: - That ISIS elements were tried according to Anti-Terrorism Law No. 13 of 2005, and from our point of view that the aforementioned law is vague and broader than it should be, and it applies to serious and simple crimes from murder to crimes of sabotage, and the list of crimes punishable by the death penalty according to the aforementioned law is a long list and spacious. - The Iraqi government has embarked on an attempt to develop a legal framework to prosecute ISIS elements, and its mission focused on understanding the procedures and results drawn from those judicial efforts, and its mission also focused on showing the efforts taken by the Iraqi government to address violations in the field of the right to life, including those committed by affiliated forces government as well as other international and domestic actors. The International Criminal Court is specialized in considering specific crimes under Article (5) of its Statute, which are war crimes, aggression and crimes against humanity, which necessitates the adaptation of Speicher's crime within any of the mentioned types of crimes. The assumption of the International Criminal Court in relation to the Speicher crime, includes several positive matters and results at the same time a set of negatives, which must be presented to those positives and negatives in order to give preference between them and the choice of authorizing the court to consider the crime or not. The terrorist organization ISIS has committed serious systematic violations, including war crimes and others, and perhaps those that are not under its control, and that none of these crimes can be addressed within the anti-terrorism law, which cannot address human rights violations. The international community has recognized the heinous violations committed by ISIS against the citizens of Iraq by adopting Resolution (2370) in September of 2017, issued by the Security Council, which authorizes the Security Council to appoint an investigation team to support local efforts to hold ISIS elements accountable by collecting and preserving evidence in Iraq, which can rise to a high level, and it was committed by the elements of the organization. It considers that the decision constitutes a burden and an obligation on Iraq to investigate all allegations of violations committed by government forces for the purpose of holding them accountable, as well as requiring the establishment of special courts and trained judges in relation to ISIS crimes to deal with them. Terrorism is a global curse that has recently spread horizontally to all countries of the world and its effects have been concentrated vertically in some countries, and no one denies that the parties to this phenomenon are increasing (perpetrators and victims) and the United Nations in particular and the international community in general has not succeeded in reducing it despite the fact that the resolutions of the UN Security Council It is increasing, but the proportionality is absent between these decisions and the practical reality. The phenomenon of terrorism is spreading rapidly, and the perpetrators of terrorist acts are on the rise, corresponding to an increase in the victims of terrorism. Also, the circumstances and events that Iraq is going through, especially after 2003, put it at the forefront of countries which suffers from terrorism that has killed the people, using methods and forms that were not previously known and brutal and bloody cruel. ) for the year 2005, and since terrorism was not limited to Iraq, but included many countries, and was not specific to a place or time, nor was it recent in terms of composition. In addition, the aforementioned law cannot be aware of all violations of international and humanitarian law, as we mentioned previously, which requires the necessity of referring the criminals to a competent court. The Court conducts its rule under Article (13) of its Statute when referred to it by a state party to the same system or by the Security Council or when the Public Prosecutor conducts the investigation on his own, and then how does the Court take its measures regarding the aforementioned crime if we take a look Considering that the State of Iraq is not a member of the Statute of the Court. The rule of the court is free from the death penalty, which makes the idea of authorizing the court to consider the crime rejected by most Iraqis, especially the families of the victims. What are the negative aspects of the Iraqi national judiciary’s view of the Speicher crime, and how can it be avoided if the International Criminal Court plays this role? What are the guarantees provided by the court in the event that it proceeds with its procedures regarding this crime? The research on this subject is according to the appropriate method, which is the analytical and comparative method, which works on studying and comparing topics by analyzing ideas and jurisprudential rulings, and the positions of the governments of countries and the United Nations, as well as the resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly, and comparing arbitration between Iraqi courts. And the international courts regarding the trial of the perpetrators of the Speicher base crime, and then come up with a set of conclusions and recommendations."
Reports on the topic "Victims' relative"
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Perez-Vincent, Santiago M., and Enrique Carreras. Domestic Violence Reporting during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003744.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines changes in the frequency and characteristics of domestic violence reports after the start of the pandemic and the imposition of mobility restrictions in six Latin American countries. The study uses three types of data sources: calls to domestic violence hotlines (for the City of Buenos Aires in Argentina, Colombia, and Peru); calls to emergency lines (for Ecuador, Lima in Peru, and Costa Rica); and police/legal complaints (for Colombia, Ecuador, and Uruguay). Data through June 2020 shows that the pandemic's impact on domestic violence reports varied significantly across countries, periods, types of violence, and reporting channels. Calls to domestic violence hotlines soared, but calls to emergency lines and police complaints fell (especially in the first weeks of the pandemic). Significantly distinct patterns are observed between reports of psychological and physical violence, and non-cohabitant and cohabitant violence. These patterns are consistent with the pandemic changing the relative incidence of different types of violence and altering the perceived costs of reporting them through alternative channels. Increases in calls to domestic violence hotlines suggest that this channel was best suited to respond to victims' needs during the pandemic. In turn, the drop in legal complaints and calls to comprehensive emergency lines are consistent with an increase in the perceived (relative) cost of using these channels. The findings reveal how the pandemic altered domestic violence victims' demand for institutional help and highlight the relevance of domestic violence hotlines as an accessible and valuable service.
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Delgado, María. Political Advocacy in Colombia: Impact Evaluation of the “Building peace by securing rights for victims of conflict and violence in Colombia” project. Oxfam GB, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8120.
Full textAbstract:
The “Building peace by securing rights for victims of conflict and violence in Colombia” project was implemented by Oxfam in Colombia and a network of partners from 2015-2019. It focused on helping victims and Colombian human rights and peace organisations to strengthen their capacities to demand justice for rights violations and to advocate for a more favourable environment to the recognition of victim's rights. The assessment focused on the effectiveness of the project in relation to outcomes extracted from the Theory of Change. It used a combination of participatory methods and tools, the main method being process tracing, a qualitative research method that is useful for inferring causal relationships as well as contribution analysis. The report provides evidence of strengthened capacities at different levels and concludes that the advocacy work carried out as part of the project has demonstrated high levels of effectiveness. Read the full report to find out more.
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Forced sexual relations among married young women in developing countries. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1007.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research in developing countries suggests that a considerable number of young women may experience forced sex within marriage, but most women may be inhibited from reporting these experiences due to shame, fear of reprisal, or deep-rooted unequal gender norms. In September 2003, a global consultative meeting on nonconsensual sex among young people in developing countries was held in New Delhi, India. The meeting was organized by the Population Council in collaboration with World Health Organization/Department of Reproductive Health and Research, and Family Health International/YouthNet. Participants included researchers, legal analysts, representatives from community-based NGOs, policy-makers, and young people themselves. Papers highlighting the nature and prevalence of coercion among married young women were presented. Sessions examined the following issues in relation to nonconsensual sex: experiences of young females and males: prevalence, forms, and contexts; youth perspectives; patterns of transactional sex; roles of the legal system; outcomes of coercion at the individual and community level; interventions to prevent nonconsensual sex and to support and treat victims; and research design and methods. Several recommendations for action to address factors that heighten young women’s vulnerability to coercive sexual relationships within marriage were presented.