Journal articles on the topic 'Victims of family violence – united states'
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1
Reynolds, Mindy. "Family and Social Support and the Brazilian Victim of Immigrant Partner Violence Abroad." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.3.2.09.
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In recent months due to Covid-19 and lockdowns across the world, intimate partner violence has drawn increasing attention. In some countries, mandatory lockdowns and quarantines have been accompanied by rising rates of violence, sparking public awareness campaigns. However, intimate partner violence is a phenomenon which persists across time and cultures. This study focuses on the female Brazilian migrants who become victims of intimate partner violence and the role of social support networks, as previous research has indicated a need for research on specific communities. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 24 victims and professionals who work with these victims in Japan, the United States, Germany, and Portugal. The data provided examples of positive and negative social support from family and friends and suggested effective alternatives to informal social support and also how to give more effective assistance to family and friends who may be victims of intimate partner violence. The results show that Brazilian victims of intimate partner violence abroad often seek financial support from family members in Brazil; however, in the lack of such support, income from employment or government assistance may help a victim should she choose to leave an abusive relationship. In addition, the research suggests that professionals and friends can help victims by providing them with information about available social services and accompanying them to apply for these services.
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Silmi, Rhaniya, Rani Hendriana, Budiyono Budiyono, Jaco Barkhuizen, and Salman Paris Harahap. "Legal Protections for Victims of Sexual Violence and the Rights of Victims." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 24, no. 1 (March 4, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2024.24.1.3884.
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WHO has conducted surveys from 2000 to 2018, revealing that out of 161 countries, at least one in three women in the world has experienced physical and/or sexual violence. Additionally, The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women states that an estimated 35% of women worldwide have experienced physical and sexual violence. The issues addressed in this research are the specific regulations on sexual violence criminal acts in Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning the Sexual Violence Crime Law and the legal protection policy for victims of sexual violence. This research adopts a normative juridical approach, utilizing a literature review as well as secondary data analysis with a statute approach. The research findings indicate that the specific regulations in Sexual Violence Crime Law can be classified based on their definitions, types, evidence arrangements, victim rights, and criminal sanctions. The victim rights encompass the right to assistance, restitution, and compensation, the right to temporary protection, the right not to appear at trial, and the rights related to handling, protection, recovery, and rights for the family of victims of sexual violence criminal. The new regulations and provisions in Sexual Violence Crime Law have introduced many new innovations, particularly in legal protection policies that are oriented towards the rights of victims. However, some aspects still need to be considered to ensure the effective implementation of these regulations. It is necessary to promptly establish further implementing regulations regarding granting victims' rights.
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Prost, Stephanie Grace, Daniel G. Saunders, and Karen Oehme. "Childhood family violence and officer responses to officer-involved domestic violence: Effects of cumulative and resolved trauma." International Journal of Police Science & Management 22, no. 2 (March 19, 2020): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355720907641.
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Law enforcement officers who witness or experience abuse in their family of origin are at higher risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol abuse. These trauma effects may, in turn, affect officers’ responses to domestic violence victims who call on them for help. The purpose of this study was to examine how these childhood traumas, PTSD, and alcohol abuse affect officers’ supportive responses to victims and perpetrators of officer-involved domestic violence (OIDV). We hypothesized that officers who witnessed or experienced family of origin violence would have higher levels of PTSD and abusive drinking than those without trauma. Furthermore, we hypothesized that officers with resolved trauma (i.e., no current PTSD or abusive drinking) would be more likely to support victims of OIDV than officers with unresolved trauma. Survey respondents were law enforcement officers ( n = 1661) in police and sheriff’s departments throughout the United States. Results partially supported the hypotheses regarding the separate and cumulative effects of witnessing family violence and experiencing child abuse. In addition, officers who endured these childhood traumas, but resolved these concerns reported a significantly greater average likelihood of helping an OIDV victim than those with unresolved trauma. Implications include the promotion of employee assistance programs and professional counselors to support officers with unresolved trauma, which may lead to improved responses to OIDV.
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Gonçalves, J., and C. Lima. "The reality of domestic violence in the US." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S691—S692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1213.
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According to the United States department of justice, domestic violence is defined as “a pattern of abusive behaviours in any relationship that are used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner”. It involves a pattern of coercive behaviour in intimate relationships whereby the behaviour is controlled through humiliation, intimidation, fear, and often intentional physical, emotional or sexual injury. Domestic violence crosses all ethnic, socioeconomic and age groups, and is also prevalent in same sex relationships.Over six million children are severely assaulted by family members every year in the United States; a man beats a woman every twelve seconds; women who leave their batterer are at 75% greater risk of being killed by their batterer than those who stay; and one third of police time is spending on answering domestic violence calls.In domestic violence situations the intervention is frequently in crisis, where the victims “fight” for survival, and it is necessary to give proper answers according to the victim's needs. The professionals that work directly with domestic violence assume that there is a strong bond connecting the domestic violence with mental health. In the United States 90% of domestic violence survivors report extreme emotional distress; 47.5% report having been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder; 14.7% report anxiety; 20% depression. Mental illnesses are frequently observed in domestic violence survivors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Kilpatrick, Dean G. "Interpersonal Violence and Public Policy: What about the Victims?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 1 (2004): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb00463.x.
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Violence is an extremely prevalent problem in the United States and throughout the world, and it is a major contributing factor to increased mortality and mortalityty. These facts are well documented in the recent Report on violence and Health published by the World Health Organization. This report, which is likely to become a landmark document in the public health community, defines violence broadly as: The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation. This World Health Organization definition encompasses three types of violence: 1) suicide and selfharm, 2) collective violence, and 3) interpersonal violence.Interpersonal violence is defined asviolence inflicted by an individual or small group of individuals and includes youth violence, violence between intimate partners, other forms of family violence such as abuse of children and the elderly, rape and sexual assault by strangers, and violence in institutional settings such as schools, workplaces, nursing homes and prisons.
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Khan, Hanna Ambaras, Khadeejah Rasheed, Ghulam Dastagir, Masooma Faroq, and Naima Saeed. "The Challenges in Tracing and Minimizing the Domestic Violence Cases During COVID-19: A Comparative Study of the Maldives, Malaysia and Pakistan." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v8i2.1908.
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Family violence is a worldwide endemic since long even before the Coronavirus epidemic and the greatest human rights violation as per the United Nations. The vulnerability with worldwide pandemic has worsened the issue when States implemented lockdown policies caused a significant increase in domestic violence cases. The exceptional increase in domestic violence cases during Covid-19 mark an urgent call of action from the States. This study aims to examine the reasons for the increasing number of cases and the methods taken by the stakeholder in handling this issue through tracing and minimize the impact and thereafter to resolve the issue in South Asian and Fareast countries i.e. the Maldives, Pakistan and Malaysia. This paper adopts the qualitative research method in collecting data. The available data evidently specify an alarming flow in family violence cases during Covid-19. This study confirmed that the state interventions to deal with the social problem are inadequate. Growing unemployment and financial stress, increased anxiety and poor state resources have set a provoking family violence emergency. Furthermore, States faces serious challenges to tackle such issue due to lack of coordination among public departments and stakeholders. This study will recommend that strong policy initiatives are essential to address such issue when victims of violence are in quarantine.
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Diaz, Madelyn, Kayla Toohy, Ketty Fernandez, Lin Huff-Corzine, and Amy Reckdenwald. "Out of Sight, Out of Mind: An Analysis of Family Mass Murder Offenders in the US, 2006-2017." Journal of Mass Violence Research 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53076/jmvr82831.
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In recent years, media attention has increasingly focused on sensationalized forms of mass murder across the United States, thereby diverting attention on the most frequent typology of mass murder events: family mass murders. The current study addresses limitations within this body of work and provides an analysis of demographic and case characteristics associated with distinct family mass murder offender types. The current study utilizes the USA Today database, Behind the Bloodshed, and public news articles to assess 163 family mass murder incidents that occurred from 2006 to 2017. Using this database, which defines mass murder as the killing of four or more victims excluding the offender, there were an average of 14 family mass murders annually, most often committed by a current or former intimate male partner using a firearm as the weapon of choice. Additional case characteristics were examined and revealed significant differences based on the gender of the offender as well as by victim-offender relationship type. Recommendations for future research include examining the impact of gun violence prevention responses in domestic violence cases and providing a comparative study of two and three victim counts to better inform law, policy, and the public about what is often hidden away as a private family matter.
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Lee, Hyeri. "미국법상 미성년자 성적 침해에 대한 민사소송의 소멸시효제도." Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/wlri.2023.39.2.75.
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In the case of sexual infringement against a minor, even if the victim muster up the courage to face the memory of past sexual violence and try to heal the wounds through legal remedies after becoming an adult, the civil statute of limitations has expired since the sexual infringement occurred long time ago. There is a problem of not being able to file a lawsuit due to the statute of limitation. In particular, in the case of sexual infringement against minors, in many cases, the perpetrator is a family member, teacher, religious person, etc. The victim, a minor, is economically and emotionally dependent on the perpetrator, so they do not easily think of filing civil lawsuits even as adults. Fortunately, South Korea established Article 766, Paragraph 3 of the Civil Act in 2020, and legislative improvements have been made so that the statute of limitations does not proceed until a minor becomes an adult in the case of sexual infringement. However, despite these good intentions, there are still limits to the relief, so this article will examine the US system. First of all, in the United States, state and federal laws operate different statute of limitations, and since the 1980s, the discovery rule has been applied so that victims can file lawsuits even after a considerable amount of time has elapsed after they become adults. For example, if the victim of a sexual assault is a minor and the victim has not yet discovered the injury after reaching adulthood, from the time he or she discovers the injury and the causal relationship between the injury and the sexual assault Legislative examples such as the requirement to file a claim for damages within four years reflect the discovery principle. However, despite these laws, there are many cases where the requirements are not met, and the relief of victims has not been smoothly carried out. Thus, California and New York State further extended the statute of limitations, and furthermore, through window legislation, even if the statute of limitations had expired, a period of one or two years was allowed to file a civil lawsuit. This legislation provides an opportunity to sue the victims of Jeffrey Epstein's decades of sexual exploitation of minors. The United States Supreme Court has ruled that the Windows Act is not unconstitutional. While retroactive legislation is “an identifiable injustice”, civil actions based on sexual abuse of minors are rather reasonable in light of the injustice done to the victims. Under these retroactive legislation, some religious organizations are actively raising their own funds for the relief of victims, and are paying settlements on the condition that they do not file a lawsuit against the religious organizations. The basis for such retroactive legislation is that if society has previously borne the cost of damages incurred to the victim, the perpetrator must bear the cost.
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Gunawan, Yordan, and Dwilani Irrynta. "International Human Rights Protection: The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 11, no. 1 (April 28, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v11i1.58872.
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The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has impacted practically every aspect of life worldwide, particularly Asia. Governments from various States work hard to prevent and mitigate the spread by instituting multiple social distancing and lockdown measures. While those measures have been effective in containing the spread, there are other negative consequences, including the risks associated with domestic violence in the family home, whether physical, psychological, verbal, sexual, or economic violence. Subsequently, there has been a significant increase in online searches for help from intimate partner violence, according to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Moreover, the UN Women also reported that essential services, such as shelters and helplines, have exceeded their capacity. Using a normative legal research methodology that sources are obtained from secondary data, the finding shows that thousands of women living in several Asian States experienced more abuse in domestic violence and had less resilience during the pandemic. Whether national or international, the existing regulations are insufficient to prevent violence and protect victims. Thus, remote services in various sectors, including social, health, and justice, must be further developed and institutionalized by the States to overcome such issues.
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McGorrery, Paul, and Marilyn McMahon. "Causing someone else to commit suicide: Incitement or manslaughter?" Alternative Law Journal 44, no. 1 (November 6, 2018): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x18802455.
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For more than half a century, Australian states and territories have criminalised the distinct offence of inciting another person to commit suicide. The maximum penalties for these offences vary and require the accused to have intended that the victim would commit suicide. In contrast, the offence of involuntary manslaughter does not require such an intention. Instead, a charge of manslaughter requires that the accused acted in a conscious and voluntary way that caused the victim’s death, and that their conduct was either criminally negligent or unlawful and dangerous. Drawing on cases from the United States and United Kingdom, this article suggests that in appropriate circumstances in Australia, especially in the context of family violence, offenders should be held criminally liable for manslaughter if they cause another person to commit suicide.
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Ridings, Leigh E., Lana O. Beasley, Som B. Bohora, Jennifer L. Daer, Arthur Owora, and Jane Silovsky. "Longitudinal Investigation of Depression, Intimate Partner Violence, and Supports Among Vulnerable Families." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 24 (March 27, 2016): 3749–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516639262.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects nearly 12 million individuals and their families each year in the United States. Many negative outcomes are associated with IPV, with depression being one of the most prevalent mental health problems. Most previous studies on IPV have used cross-sectional designs to examine the potential protective effects of support on depression. The current study fills this gap by conducting a longitudinal investigation of the roles of social support and family resources on depression among caregivers of young children. The study sample consisted of 548 female caregivers. Findings suggest that among those with an IPV history, those with higher social support reported lower depressive symptoms than those with less social support. No significant interaction was found for family resources and IPV. Rather, family resources had a main effect on depressive symptoms with no differential impact based on IPV status. Findings suggest the importance of connecting vulnerable families to supports such as social support and family resources to help mitigate depressive symptoms. Future research should consider the underlying mechanisms of social support as a protective factor among IPV victims with depression.
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Jani, Jayshree S. "Reunification is Not Enough: Assessing the Needs of Unaccompanied Migrant Youth." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 98, no. 2 (April 2017): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.2017.98.18.
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Unaccompanied migrant youth enter the United States daily to escape violence, political oppression, extreme poverty, and chronic instability in their native countries, or as victims of human trafficking. While some research has investigated why they leave their home countries, very little is known about what happens to them after they begin the process of community integration. The research reported in this article sought to understand how sponsors of children with no postrelease services access and use community services during their first year of integration into a new U.S. community. Findings highlight the need for a nuanced understanding of family reunification and community integration as dynamic, ongoing processes rather than onetime events, and for services to support such integration.
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Williams, Jessica R., Rosa M. Gonzalez-Guarda, Valerie Halstead, Jacob Martinez, and Laly Joseph. "Disclosing Gender-Based Violence During Health Care Visits: A Patient-Centered Approach." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 23-24 (July 27, 2017): 5552–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517720733.
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The purpose of this study was to better understand victims’ perspectives regarding decisions to disclose gender-based violence, namely, intimate partner violence (IPV) and human trafficking, to health care providers and what outcomes matter to them when discussing these issues with their provider. Twenty-five participants from racially/ethnically diverse backgrounds were recruited from a family justice center located in the southeastern United States. Two fifths had experienced human trafficking, and the remaining had experienced IPV. Upon obtaining informed consent, semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to examine interview data. Five primary themes emerged. Three themes focused on factors that may facilitate or impede disclosure: patient–provider connectedness, children, and social support. The fourth theme was related to ambiguity in the role of the health care system in addressing gender-based violence. The final theme focused on outcomes participants hope to achieve when discussing their experiences with health care providers. Similar themes emerged from both IPV and human trafficking victims; however, victims of human trafficking were more fearful of judgment and had a stronger desire to keep experiences private. Cultural factors also played an important role in decisions around disclosure and may interact with the general disparities racial/ethnic minority groups face within the health care system. Recognizing factors that influence patient engagement with the health care system as it relates to gender-based violence is critical. The health care system can respond to gender-based violence and its associated comorbidities in numerous ways and interventions must be driven by the patient’s goals and desired outcomes of disclosure. These interventions may be better served by taking patient-centered factors into account and viewing the effectiveness of intervention programs through a behavioral, patient-centered lens.
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Fiene, Judith. "The Appalachian Social Context and the Battering of Women." Practicing Anthropology 15, no. 3 (June 1, 1993): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.15.3.l41q2731p1x5wn27.
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The battering of women by their partners is a common occurrence around the world, and historical records show that the abuse of women has been legitimized through the ages. In the United States battering is to be found in all social classes and across all racial and ethnic groups. However, the experience of being battered is structured by the social contexts in which it occurs. How victims perceive and react to that experience is influenced by their social world, the construction of gender and family roles and interpersonal relationships in their community, and the response of local people to male violence. These social context variables must be considered as well in programs designed to assist battered women and to prevent further battering.
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Kirchengast, Tyrone. "Victim legal representation and the adversarial criminal trial: A critical analysis of proposals for third-party counsel for complainants of serious sexual violence." International Journal of Evidence & Proof 25, no. 1 (January 2021): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365712720983931.
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The past several decades have witnessed a shift toward victim interests being considered and incorporated within adversarial systems of justice. More recently, some jurisdictions have somewhat contentiously considered granting sex offences complainants’ legal representation at trial. In Australia, the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Abuse (2017), the Royal Commission into Family Violence (2016) and the Victorian Law Reform Commission (2016) considered the potential role of legal counsel for complainants in the criminal trial process. While contrasting quite significantly with the traditional adversarial framework—which sees crime as contested between state and accused—legal representation for complainants is not unprecedented, and victims may already retain counsel for limited matters. Despite broader use of victim legal representation in the United States, Ireland and Scotland, and as recently considered by the Sir John Gillen Review in Northern Ireland, legal representation for sex offences complainants is only just developing in Australia. Notwithstanding recent reference to legal representation for complainants where sexual history or reputational evidence may be adduced, there exists no sufficient guidance as to how such representation may be integrated in the Australian criminal trial context. This article explores the implications of introducing such counsel in Australia, including the possible role of non-legal victim advocates.
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Bukhonskyi, S. О. "SOME MODERN PROBLEMS OF COUNTERACTING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE." Constitutional State, no. 43 (October 26, 2021): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2021.43.240989.
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Counteracting domestic violence is today one of the most important areas of social development. It is seen not only as a social problem, but primarily as a problem of protecting human rights and, above all, the rights of women, requires the development of appropriate legal means of solving it. When violence is committed in the family, the rights and freedoms of a particular person are violated, and through the capabilities of the aggressor and the victim, the latter’s self-defense is complicated, which requires intervention from the state and society. According to the data provided by the World Health Organization, one in six women has experienced domestic violence. According to the same data, this problem is more acute for economically underdeveloped countries, while women in these countries are more likely to recognize such violence against themselves as justified. Thus, the percentage of women who reported that they had been subjected to violence by their family members at least once in their life varies from 15% in Japan to 71% in Ethiopia. According to other sources, the level of domestic violence against women is about 23% in Sweden, 4% in Japan and Serbia, 30–54% in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Peru and Tanzania. In the United States, a woman suffers from physical violence every 18 minutes. According to statistics, 62% of the murders of women were committed by their husbands. In Peru, 70% of all reported crimes are domestic violence. Sexual violence is widespread – in Canada, New Zealand, the United States and the United Kingdom, every sixth woman has been raped. The adoption of special legislation and its introduction into the practice of the activities of authorized state bodies makes it possible to gradually eradicate these negative social traditions. International information exchange between scientists, law enforcement officials, social workers contributes to the spread of international experience in the Ukrainian legal system. In addition, Ukraine, in the course of the formation of national legislation, studies and adapts the provisions of international human rights standards, including on combating domestic violence.
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Maker, Azmaira H., and Terri A. deRoon-Cassini. "Prevalence, Perpetrators, and Characteristics of Witnessing Parental Violence and Adult Dating Violence in Latina, East Asian, South Asian, and Middle Eastern Women." Violence and Victims 22, no. 5 (October 2007): 632–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/088667007782312122.
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The present study describes and compares the prevalence, perpetrators, and characteristics of witnessing parental violence during childhood and experiencing adult relationship violence in 251 college-educated South Asian/Middle Eastern (n = 93), East Asian (n = 72), and Latina (n = 86) women residing in the United States. Results showed that more than 50% of each ethnic group witnessed parental and adult relationship violence. For all three groups, adult psychological violence was more prevalent than physical violence, which, in turn, was more prevalent than injury violence. Significant differences were found for paternal and maternal psychological, physical, and injury violence witnessed within ethnic groups. High prevalence rates and significant differences emerged for psychological, physical, and injury violence experienced as a victim and enacted as a perpetrator within ethnic groups. The implications of college-educated, higher socioeconomic status (SES) women of color being at risk for witnessing and experiencing family violence are discussed.
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Vasil, Stefani. "Accessing Support for Domestic and Family Violence in the Context of Migrant Precarity: Women's Experiences in Victoria, Australia." Canadian Ethnic Studies 55, no. 3 (2023): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ces.2023.a928885.
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Abstract: Feminist scholarship that brings issues regarding legal status to the forefront contributes to our understanding of the diverse and specific experiences of migration in relation to domestic and family violence. Scholars taking an intersectional approach have examined how migrant women with insecure status confront a series of barriers in their daily lives, impacting their ability to seek help and exacerbating their experiences of violence and abuse in receiving contexts, such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. While existing studies have generated important findings, limited research has been conducted with victim-survivors to understand their help-seeking pathways. Drawing on interviews with 18 victim-survivors and 23 professional stakeholders, this paper seeks to contribute to existing scholarship by examining how women with insecure migration status living in Victoria, Australia, accessed support for domestic and family violence in the context of migrant precarity. The paper highlights that, despite their limited entitlements, victim-survivors sought out formal assistance and in doing so, worked with different stakeholders to negotiate a pathway towards support and safety. The study also reveals that women had different outcomes and while some were able to begin to rebuild their lives, others were faced with further legal, social and economic precarity and continued to live with the threat of removal from the country. These findings suggest that understanding women's intersectional location in society is required in the design of effective policy responses that seek to address domestic and family violence at the national level. Résumé: Les études féministes qui mettent au premier plan les questions relatives au statut juridique contribuent à notre compréhension des expériences diverses et spécifiques de la migration en relation avec la violence domestique et familiale. Les chercheurs qui adoptent une approche intersectionnelle ont examiné comment les femmes migrantes ayant un statut précaire sont confrontées à une série d'obstacles dans leur vie quotidienne, ce qui a un impact sur leur capacité à demander de l'aide et exacerbe leurs expériences de violence et d'abus dans les contextes d'accueil, tels que l'Australie, le Canada, la Nouvelle-Zélande, le Royaume-Uni et les États-Unis. Bien que les études existantes aient produit des résultats importants, peu de recherches ont été menées auprès des victimes-survivantes pour comprendre leurs parcours de recherche d'aide. S'appuyant sur des entretiens avec 18 victimes-survivantes et 23 intervenants professionnels, cet article cherche à contribuer à la recherche existante en examinant comment les femmes au statut migratoire précaire vivant dans l'État de Victoria, en Australie, ont accédé à l'aide pour la violence domestique et familiale dans le contexte de la précarité migratoire. L'article souligne que, malgré leurs droits limités, les victimes-survivantes ont cherché à obtenir une assistance formelle et, ce faisant, ont travaillé avec différentes parties prenantes pour négocier une voie vers l'aide et la sécurité. L'étude révèle également que les femmes ont eu des résultats différents et que si certaines ont pu commencer à reconstruire leur vie, d'autres ont été confrontées à une plus grande précarité juridique, sociale et économique et ont continué à vivre avec la menace d'être expulsées du pays. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'il est nécessaire de comprendre la position intersectionnelle des femmes dans la société pour concevoir des réponses politiques efficaces visant à lutter contre la violence domestique et familiale au niveau national.
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Ahmed, Abrar, Bilal Ahmed, and Zafar Nazeer Awan. "Effects of Structural Inequalities and Misleading Discourse of Social Policymakers on African American families in God Help the Child." Spring 2023 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.241.
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In sociological and anthropological studies of African American family formation and development, racial hierarchies, criminal violence, social policies, and systemic disparities are often ignored. This study emphasizes the gradual development of consequences of xenophobic attitude of the society that stigmatizes African American family culture in the United States. The prevalent approach in social sciences was to blame the victim on certain group membership or racial specification such as color, background, and physical traits. These structural inconsistencies have been undervalued or studied only occasionally and irregularly. This is qualitative study that analysis Toni Morrison’s Gold Help the Child in the light of a rethinking history, a postmodern notion. The textual analysis of the selected text reveals that that formative policy makers focused on Black people’s violence and individual level incongruities but ignored their fundamental problems and latent potentialities. The finding further shows that the lack of structural and systematic analysis misled the discourse of policy makers and more precisely often justified black violence that reflects cultural inferiority and unique experiences of legitimatizing all kinds of violence and negativity propogated against them.
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Collins, Kathryn S. "Hearing the Silence: Children’s Voices on Violence." Advances in Social Work 4, no. 1 (January 10, 2018): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/40.
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Each year more than five million children in the United States are exposed to traumatizing events in their communities. This paper presents a discussion of multiple areas in violence and victimization research that needs to be continued as well as provides suggestions on how to un-silence child survivors through bridging the gaps between research and practice. It reviews the overarching problem of violence in the U.S. at the domestic and global levels and the effects of victimization. Suggestions on how to study possible mediators and moderators of victimization and individual and family adjustment, including: 1) The ecological perspective; 2) Court process and verdict; and 3)Utilization of victim services, are explored. Finally, a rationale and examples of combining qualitative and quantitative methods in future research that uses children’s attributions of violence as a mediator are presented.
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Дмитращук, О. С. "FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE PREVENTION." Juridical science, no. 1(103) (February 19, 2020): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-103-1.34.
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The relevance of the article is that the analysis of the legislation of foreign countries gives grounds to assert that in most countries of the world legislation on combating domestic violence has not yet been adopted, and in those countries that have laws to prevent domestic violence has not yet had sufficient experience. combating this socially dangerous phenomenon, and some countries completely ignore measures related to domestic violence, although they have laws to combat domestic violence. The article examines the most positive experience in preventing domestic violence in Europe and other countries. It is established that the most acceptable for Ukraine is a positive experience in preventing domestic violence in European countries. It has been established that in Austria the police are empowered to evict offenders and impose prohibition orders. The country has established “intervention centers” that provide free counseling, assistance and support to victims of domestic violence. In the Republic of Bulgaria, such a form of punishment is provided as public condemnation, which is manifested in the public condemnation of the violator before the labor collective in which he works or before the organization of which he is a member. It was found that the practice of cooperation between the police and the community in overcoming the problem of domestic violence, which is regulated by the Claire Act, is relevant. In the Federal Republic of Germany, domestic violence is not only aggressive and violent acts between a woman and a man, but also between children, parents, sisters and brothers. It is emphasized that in the Republic of Poland the public condemnation of the criminal act of the offender is a positive experience, because for offenders it is more unpleasant to condemn society than legal responsibility. In the United States, children’s social services are focused not only on the child, but also on the family as a whole. There are government and community commissions to investigate cases of violence in this state, and special shelters have been set up to house women with children who have left their homes due to ill-treatment.
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Zimmerman, Gregory M., Emma E. Fridel, and Daniel Trovato. "Disproportionate burden of violence: Explaining racial and ethnic disparities in potential years of life lost among homicide victims, suicide decedents, and homicide-suicide perpetrators." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 7, 2024): e0297346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297346.
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Research indicates that the burden of violent death in the United States is disproportionate across racial and ethnic groups. Yet documented disparities in rates of violent death do not capture the full extent of this inequity. Recent studies examining race-specific rates of potential years of life lost—a summary measure of premature mortality—indicate that persons of color may die at younger ages than their counterparts, leading to increased trauma among surviving family members, friends, and communities. This study examines racial and ethnic disparities in potential years of life lost among people who died by homicide and suicide. We calculated potential years of life lost using life expectancy values specific to each racial and ethnic group, thereby isolating racial differences in potential years of life lost due to violence. Findings indicated that persons of color were disproportionately impacted by violence. Non-Hispanic African American homicide victims, suicide decedents, and homicide-suicide perpetrators died eleven or more years earlier than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Similar disparities were observed for non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander decedents. Less pronounced differences were observed for Hispanic and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native decedents. These racial and ethnic disparities were partly accounted for by a broad array of individual differences, incident characteristics, and contextual factors. The results suggest that homicide and suicide exact a high societal cost, and the burden of that cost is disproportionately high among persons of color.
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Rahmatika, Aulia Vaya. "Violence on Women and Children: Background, Effects, and Solutions." Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v1i1.49840.
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Violence is any criminal conduct that may harm the victim. The violence occurred on a number of factors, including the factors economic, cultural, social, and legal. Today, violence is an awful lot going on in the community. See the rampant violence lately are influenced by the large number of people experiencing prolonged crisis due to oppression. The action also triggered by weak social control that is not followed by legal enforcement measures. There is also the violence done to women and children. Violence against women as a global problem, already fretting over every country in the world, not just the countries that are developing but also including developed countries which are said to be greatly appreciate and care about the human rights as United States of America. Indonesia as a country that is growing, it bore the title bad in the problem of human rights violations. Human rights violations are one of which violations of women's human rights. The women's human rights violations can be classed as acts of violence against women. Violence against women may occur anywhere (in a public place, in the workplace, the surroundings of family (household) and others. Can be done by anyone (parents, brothers or women and others and can occur at any time (day and night). In addition, the violence that occurs in children also resulted in mental decline. Children will feel depressed and prolonged trauma. It is certainly harmful for the child's mental and psychic condition. Violence in children usually occurs because a child who is misbehaving and not according towards parents so often parents furious and do acts of violence. This I will discuss to uncover cases of violence on women and children.
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Galowitz, Paula. "The Opportunities and Challenges of an Interdisciplinary Clinic." International Journal of Clinical Legal Education 18 (July 8, 2014): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijcle.v18i0.5.
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<p>Law school clinics in many countries increasingly provide the major opportunities that law students have to engage in interdisciplinary collaborations with other professionals. The collaboration may be with a wide range of professionals, such as: doctors and medical students; social workers and social work students; business school students; engineering faculty and students including biomedical engineering students; nursing students; and experts in public health, education, mental health or palliative care. It can occur in diverse contexts or targeted to specific populations, such as children, the elderly, victims of domestic violence or low-income business owners.</p><p>Some examples of these interdisciplinary clinics illustrate their variety. Clinical legal education initiatives in South Africa, Thailand and Ukraine promoted public health through programs that partnered with the Law and Health Initiative of the Open Society Institute’s Public Health Programs. In South Africa, palliative care was integrated with legal services; law students worked with staff at a hospice association to conduct workshops on wills, debts and family law for hospice caregivers. In Ukraine a Medical Law Clinic was started to advise and represent clients; in Thailand a law clinic wrote an HIV/AIDS Community Legal Education Manual, collaborated with organizations working on health and human rights issues to discuss harm reduction and incarceration, and implemented community education programs in prisons, detention centers and community centers. At Palacky University in the Czech Republic a new Patient’s Rights Legal Clinic, which prepares students to give legal advice, is taught by lecturers of the medical faculty and lawyers from a human rights non-profit. A clinic in the United States provides business planning and legal advice to small businesses; law and business students collaborate to assist with community economic development. Another United States clinic combines students in law, business, medicine, social work, biomedical engineering, and arts and sciences in a collaboration focused on intellectual property and business formation, with an emphasis on biodiversity and agricultural-biotechnology innovations.</p>
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West, Carolyn M. "Partner Abuse in Ethnic Minority and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Populations." Partner Abuse 3, no. 3 (2012): 336–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.3.3.336.
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This review seeks to synthesize the current state of knowledge regarding gender differences in rates of physical and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence among the four largest racial/ethnic groups in the United States, compares rates of physical and psychological IPV between sexual minorities and heterosexuals and among subgroups of sexual minorities (gay men, lesbians, bisexuals), and summarizes correlates and risk factors that are associated with rates of IPV in both ethnic and sexual minorities.A systematic search of the published literature in the past 40 years using various search engines (e.g., PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) was conducted. The review identified 55 studies that met criteria. Few gender differences in rates of physical and psychological aggression were found among African American, Hispanic American, Asian American, and Native American men and women. Psychological aggression was most frequently reported. Bidirectional violence, which primarily took the form of minor aggression, was the most frequently reported form of physical violence. When unidirectional aggression was assessed, it was more likely to be female perpetrated, particularly among African Americans. These gender patterns were consistent across general population, student, and community studies. Respondents who reported a history of same-sex cohabitation and those who identified as sexual minorities reported higher rates of IPV than those who reported only a history of opposite-sex cohabitation and those who identified as heterosexual.Regarding sexual minority subgroup differences, bisexuals appeared to be at a greater risk of IPV, and victimization among transgendered individuals has largely been neglected in the literature. Substance abuse and use, marginalized socioeconomic status in the form of family and neighborhood poverty, and exposure to violence during childhood as a witness or victim of violence in the family of origin were consistently linked to elevated rates of IPV. Associations also were found between level of acculturation and minority stress in the form of internalized homophobia and frequency of discrimination based on sexual orientation. However, the complex association among these variables was less clear across racial groups and sexual orientation. Research limitations and future research directions are discussed.
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Williams, Joshua H., Timothy Griffin, Danielle Miller, and John Wooldredge. "Simulating “Peripheral Harm” as an AMBER Alert Issuance Criterion: Implications for Anticipating Threats to Child Safety." Criminal Justice Policy Review 28, no. 7 (October 13, 2015): 669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403415609718.
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Although there is some limited research on the effectiveness of the America’s Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response (AMBER) Alert system, to date, there has been no research specifically examining the viability of prospective AMBER Alert issuance criteria. Using data acquired from various media accounts of 446 AMBER Alerts issued in the United States and Canada, we examine how well “peripheral harm” (harm to someone other than the abducted child during the course of the abduction) predicts subsequent harm to the abducted child. Counterintuitively (from the perspective of AMBER Alert issuance decision making), peripheral harm or threat is negatively associated with harm to the victim in cases involving an AMBER Alert. Furthermore, this negative finding is spurious, and is primarily driven by the fact that, disproportionately, the abductors who commit “peripheral harm” in AMBER alert cases are parents and other family members of the child who are presumably unlikely to harm child relatives despite whatever violence they might commit (or threaten) against others. We discuss the implications for the use of peripheral harm as an AMBER Alert issuance criterion, the empirical evaluation of the system, and the public discourse surrounding the AMBER Alert system and its relationship to child protection in general.
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Bronfman, Lois Martin, David Butzer, and Brian Stipak. "Reducing Domestic Violence in the United States: Targeting the Misdemeanour Crime." International Journal of Police Science & Management 2, no. 3 (June 2000): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146135570000200305.
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In 1993, the Portland Police Bureau created a special unit, the Domestic Violence Reduction Unit (DVRU) to address an emerging area of public concern: domestic violence. Focusing on the misdemeanour domestic violence case, the mission of the unit is to reduce the overall level of domestic violence in the community through a programme which provides follow-up investigation, interagency coordination, community education and assistance to victims. The programme provides an example of law enforcement's efforts to move beyond arrest to interrupt the cycle of domestic violence crime by enhancing prosecution and by empowering victims. The formation of the unit was a direct result of 1) a philosophy of community policing policy which required consultation with community groups in establishing police priorities and strategies; and 2) changing legal and cultural perspectives on domestic violence crimes. This paper explores the development of the DVRU, its operation and its impact, and discusses its strengths and limitations after five years of experience.
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Wies, Jennifer. "Practicing Political Economy: Anthropology and Domestic Violence Advocacy." Practicing Anthropology 33, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.33.3.03819043052651xj.
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Domestic violence affects a quarter of women in the United States over the course of their lifetime and includes physical assault, sexual violence, emotional abuse, and stalking behavior perpetrated by a spouse, boyfriend/girlfriend, or live-in partner (Tjaden and Thoennes 2000). The profound number of individuals affected by domestic violence has given rise to the domestic violence shelter service sector. Domestic violence shelters in the United States are a result of the process of organizing for social change to address the problem of domestic violence and serve as the primary intervention mechanism for violence against women. Shelters provide safety and refuge for victims, as well as basic needs such as housing and food. In addition, domestic violence centers offer continuing support for victims of violence through casework, advocacy, counseling, and other services.
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Harms, Joshua, and Madison Bush. "A Comparative Analysis of Knife and Firearm Homicides in the United States." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37, no. 19-20 (September 23, 2022): NP17886—NP17910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08862605211029620.
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In the United States of America firearms are the most common weapons used to commit homicide. This has led the public, academics, media, and policy makers to largely neglect other means of homicide. The second most common weapon used in the commission of a homicide in the USA are knives. On average more than 1,500 people are murdered with a knife each year in the USA. Little attention in the USA is focused on knife violence. However, the same is not true across the globe. After reviewing an international selection of literature, the current study aims to analyze both the victims and offenders of knife homicide in the USA by comparing them to the offenders and victims of firearm homicide. This was accomplished by analyzing data from the Supplementary Homicide Reports from 2014 to 2016. Comparisons between firearm and knife homicides included victim and offender demographics, as well as the relationship between the victim and offender. Bivariate and multivariate analysis are used to show that the victims and offenders of knife homicides are a significantly different group from the victims and offenders of firearm homicide. In the USA victims and offenders of knife violence are more likely to be female, less likely to be minorities, and are significantly older than firearm victims and offenders. The victim and offender in the case of a knife homicide are also significantly more likely to be closely related to one another. Unlike many other countries, in the USA the problem of knife violence appears much more similar to domestic violence than the typical street crime involving firearms. Because of this, knife homicides should not be approached with the same theoretical framework as firearm homicide. Additionally, the policies needed to effectively counter this problem will be different from those intended to deter firearm homicide.
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Hall, Ronald E. "The surreptitious feminization of domestic violence." Social Work and Social Sciences Review 16, no. 1 (March 21, 2013): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v16i1.522.
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While most victims of domestic violence are women those prone to acts of domestic violence cannot be universally identified as male. Domestic violence permeates Western societies such as the United States and the United Kingdom which includes male victims who are frequently denied or overlooked. This may be due to differences in reporting of domestic violence between men and women and may mean that the rates of victimization for males and females is much less sex-based than it appears. As a result, to the extent that Social Work and who has access to services is a culturally constructed phenomenon, male victims in need require advocates in all areas whose sole purpose is problem resolution.
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Reinikainen, Patrick J. "Forgotten Crime Victims: The Need for a Comprehensive and Focused Reform Effort in Response to Domestic Violence in American Indian Communities." International Human Rights Law Review 1, no. 2 (2012): 349–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00102006.
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Those working on behalf of victims of domestic violence crimes in the United States have struggled for decades to create an effective response to victim needs. This movement has achieved some significant victories with respect to legal reform and the creation of effective resources at the local and national level. Yet, all victims are not the same. This article adds to the current discussion regarding American Indian victims of domestic violence by encouraging a more comprehensive and focused approach to reform. Academics and advocates have written on the statutory barriers currently in place and certain problems with United States Supreme Court jurisprudence regarding jurisdiction over crimes committed on Indian land against American Indian women. While an important and recognized part of reform, these issues are not the sole pitfalls in the response thus far. This article posits that, at the same time, any reform must also foster the development of Native prosecutorial resources and guidelines, as well as financial and educational opportunities for Native women. Moreover, a more culturally informed approach to solving the domestic violence plight in American Indian communities is needed and would ideally take into account other factors. By considering the unique social, historical, and cultural circumstances of American Indian victims, advocates and policymakers can create more well-tailored solutions to a complex problem. This article offers many of the factors that should ideally inform the debate surrounding recent legislation in the United States with a hope of spurring more comprehensive action on behalf of victims; however, this article does not represent a complete solution to a uniquely sensitive and complicated issue. More must be accomplished for all victims of domestic violence crimes in the United States and abroad with regard to creating culturally informed solutions.
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Bates, Elizabeth A., and Emily M. Douglas. "Services for Domestic Violence Victims in the United Kingdom and United States: Where Are We Today?" Partner Abuse 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 350–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/pa-2020-0019.
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Over the last 50 years, there has developed a wealth of literature that has explored the experiences of victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). This has demonstrated the adverse impact IPV has, including the impact on both female (e.g., Sarkar, 2008), and male victims (e.g., Próspero, 2007) and those within the LGBTQ+ community (e.g., Reuter et al., 2017). Over these 50 years, there has also been the development of key legislation, policy, and services to support these victims and reduce the prevalence of IPV. A comprehensive review of victim services was provided by Eckhardt and colleagues in 2013 as part of the Partner Abuse State of Knowledge project. The aim of the current article is to expand on and update this review with an international focus, drawing on both the United Kingdom and United States. Specifically, we discuss current legislation and policy and how this informs practice, what services and resources are available for victims in the two countries, and what interventions are available and what we know of their effectiveness. A final aim is to explore one of Eckahrdt et al.'s specific recommendations about what exists to support “underserved” populations, such as men and those in the LGBTQ+ community.
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Cismaru, Magdalena, and Anne M. Lavack. "“Don't Suffer in Silence” — Applying the Integrated Model for Social Marketers to Campaigns Targeting Victims of Domestic Violence." Social Marketing Quarterly 16, no. 1 (February 26, 2010): 97–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000903528373.
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We conducted a review and analysis of multicomponent social marketing campaigns targeting victims of domestic violence, which were gathered from a variety of websites in five English-speaking countries: United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. We examined the degree to which these campaigns conform to the Integrated Model for Social Marketers developed by Cismaru, Lavack, Hadjistavropoulos, and Dorsch (2008). This model describes the variables salient in each stage of behavioral change and provides a description of the most effective strategies for persuasion. Key recommendations for enhancing future initiatives targeting victims of domestic violence suggest that it is important to emphasize the benefits of changing, as well as to convince victims of domestic violence that they can improve their lives.
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Petersen, George J. "Looking at the Big Picture: School Administrators and Violence Reduction." Journal of School Leadership 7, no. 5 (September 1997): 456–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268469700700502.
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This study investigated district and site administrators’ perceptions of school violence and violence prevention programs in fifteen school districts of various sizes in twelve states located across the United States. The study focused upon: (1) school administrators’ fears about violence, (2) frequency of administrators as victims of violent actions over the past two years, (3) areas in the school environment which pose the greatest risk for violence for students or school personnel, (4) profiles of typical victims and perpetrators of violence, (5) strategies implemented by schools/districts to reduce violence, (6) perceptions regarding which strategies were considered to be the most and least effective in reducing violence, and (7) the cost to school districts for violence prevention. The study concluded by providing a suggested plan of action to remediate and reduce violence in schools.
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Kohl, Stephanie Jean. "More than victims: Resiliency of undocumented Latinas near Chicago, United States, and the strategic use of psychological suffering in obtaining legal status." Migration Letters 16, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v16i3.638.
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Caught between abusive partners and restrictive immigration law, many undocumented Latina women are vulnerable to domestic violence in the United States. This article analyzes the U-Visa application process experienced by undocumented immigrant victims of domestic violence and their legal advisors in a suburb of Chicago, United States. Drawing on theoretical concepts of structural violence and biological citizenship, the article highlights the strategic use of psychological suffering related to domestic violence by applicants for such visas. It also investigates the complex intersection between immigration law and a humanitarian clause that creates a path towards legal status and eventual citizenship.
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Dwyer, Diane C. "Response to the Victims of Domestic Violence: Analysis and Implications of the British Experience." Crime & Delinquency 41, no. 4 (October 1995): 527–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128795041004009.
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This article examines the problem of domestic violence in Great Britain. Two characteristics set Great Britain apart from the United States: it has a much stronger feminist movement, and a much lower level of stranger-to-stranger violence. The lower amount of violence in the culture and the stronger feminist movement may have changed the public's willingness to engage in domestic violence and may have made the British criminal justice system more progressive in its response. Through a review of the literature and observation of the system, this study highlights the prevalence of domestic violence and the role of the British criminal justice system in processing domestic violence cases. It finds that the prevalence rate of domestic violence is quite similar to the United States, and the British system has been less progressive in its response. Explanations that point to the level of violence in a culture and the feminist movement receive little support in this analysis.
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Bessant, Claire. "Protecting Victims of Domestic Violence—Have We Got the Balance Right?" Journal of Criminal Law 79, no. 2 (April 2015): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018315574820.
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That states should act to prevent domestic violence and protect victims is clearly acknowledged in international law. Yet international law confirms also that victims, perpetrators and their families have rights to privacy, to a family life and to a home. The extent to which rights to respect for private and family life should be interfered with in order to protect victims remains in dispute. With the aim of improving the protection afforded to domestic violence victims in England and Wales, in 2011–2012 the police and courts piloted the use of two new short-term protective measures; domestic violence protection notices and orders. Between 2012 and 2013 the police also piloted the domestic violence disclosure scheme, which saw prospective victims provided with information about their partner’s previous violent behaviour. The disclosure scheme and the domestic violence protection orders and notices were rolled out nationally in March 2014. In this article, consideration is given to the impact these two initiatives will have on the privacy of victims and perpetrators, an issue not considered in government evaluations of the pilots. This article analyses whether the roll-out of these new initiatives is justified, given their potential for interference in private and family life.
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Swift, Jaimee A. "“I Thought I Was Going to Die like Him”: Racial Authoritarianism and the Afterlife of George Floyd in the United States and Brazil." Social Sciences 13, no. 6 (May 31, 2024): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci13060299.
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This paper offers a brief yet comprehensive comparative analysis of historical and contemporary racial authoritarian violence in the United States and Brazil. Utilizing Black feminist historian and literary scholar Saidiya Hartman’s theorization of the “afterlife of slavery” and Michael Dawson’s linked fate, I examine how the processes of racialization and the racial logics of subordination have and continue to shape the contours of Black life in the United States and in Brazil. Moreover, in this work, I interrogate the afterlife of George Floyd and the afterlives of Black Brazilian victims and survivors of racial authoritarian violence; the political, transnational, and symbolic impacts of Floyd’s death; and Diasporic understandings of linked fate on racial authoritarian violence between Black communities in the United States and in Brazil.
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Walsh, Jeffrey A., and Jessie L. Krienert. "My Brother’s Reaper: Examining Officially Reported Siblicide Incidents in the United States, 2000–2007." Violence and Victims 29, no. 3 (2014): 523–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00032.
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With higher rates than any other form of intrafamilial violence, Hoffman and Edwards (2004) note, sibling violence “constitutes a pandemic form of victimization of children, with the symptoms often going unrecognized and the effect ignored” (p. 187). Approximately 80% of children reside with at least one sibling (Kreider, 2008), and in its most extreme form sibling violence manifests as siblicide. Siblicide is poorly understood with fewer than 20 empirical studies identified in the extant literature since 1980 (see Eriksen & Jensen, 2006). The present work employs 8 years of Supplemental Homicide Report (SHR) data, 2000–2007, with siblicide victims and offenders age 21 years and younger, to construct contemporary victim and offender profiles examining incident characteristics. Findings highlight the sex-based nature of the offense with unique victimization patterns across victims and offenders. Older brothers using a firearm are the most frequent offenders against both male and female siblings. Strain as a theoretical foundation of siblicide is offered as an avenue for future inquiry.
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Ayu Ningtyas, Dyah Palupi, Dhia Al Uyun, and Riana Susmayanti. "EFFECTIVNESS OF DIVORCEMEDIATION IN INDONESIA: COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF UNITED STATES." IBLAM LAW REVIEW 3, no. 3 (September 14, 2023): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v3i3.141.
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Victims of Domestic Violence (KDRT) are increasing every year, which is one of the causes of divorce. CATAHU Komnas Perempuan 2022 reported that as many as 4,779 cases of divorce were due to domestic violence. The divorce process is preceded by a mediation stage as a dispute resolution by mediators at the Religious Courts. Mediators who handle divorce cases must be thorough and have a strategy for identifying and dealing with domestic violence. Domestic violence screening (KDRT screening) needs to be done so that the identification of cases of domestic violence can be explained specifically. One of the countries that have implemented screening is the United States, which considers it an appropriate and effective method. Comparison of the legal system becomes an analytical knife regarding the legal process of mediation between Indonesia and the United States. Domestic violence screening conducted in divorce mediation can identify violence that occurs. If there is an act of violence, the mediator can use a different approach during mediation. Mediation should be able to help both parties reach an agreement that is fair and profitable for both while taking into account the rights and obligations of the parties.
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Oguagha, Ashleigh Chinelo, and Jing Chen. "The incidence and management of workplace violence among medical professionals in the United States: A methodological pilot study." Journal of Hospital Administration 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v8n1p56.
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This study aimed to investigate workplace violence (WPV) experienced by medical professionals in the United States as well as individual and managerial actions following violent episodes and further, predict estimators of WPV. A modified version of the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector: Country Case Studies Research Instruments Survey Questionnaire was used to assess the incidence and management of workplace violence experienced by healthcare workers. Medical personnel from two social aggregation websites were recruited to participate in an online survey. 226 valid questionnaires were received. 48.5\% and 76.1\% of respondents, respectively, experienced physical and psychological violence in the past year. Risk factors for violence included occupation, patient population, ethnicity, and higher levels of anxiety regarding violence in hospitals. Overall, 17.7\% of reported incidents were investigated, 52.4\% of cases saw no consequences meted out to perpetrators and 51.7\% of victims suffered from negative emotions or aftereffects following a violent episode. Only 30.1\% of victims formally reported their experience with violence. The prevalence of violence was high and medical professionals were negatively affected by violence; however, formal reporting of episodes was low and measures combating violence were inadequate. Harsher penalties for perpetrators of violence are needed and hospitals need to implement guidelines that track the management of violence.
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Vega Lozada, Fredrick. "Pornografía no consentida: alternativas en el ordenamiento jurídico de la propiedad intelectual de Estados Unidos." Revista Iberoamericana de la Propiedad Intelectual 13, no. 00 (December 21, 2020): 141–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26422/ripi.2020.1300.veg.
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Non-consensual pornography is an act of violence that undermines the dignity, reputation and honor of people. This research presents some of the existing legal alternatives to face these acts of violence with intellectual property law, specifically with copyright. This research is based on the legal system of the United States of America, the United States Copyright Law of 1976, the Electronic Non-Theft Act of 1997, The Communication Decency Law of 1996, The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 and the exceptions and clarifications presented by the jurisprudence. The investigation concludes that there are alternatives available to victims of these acts of non-consensual pornography. However, to make North American copyright remedies accessible to victims, it is recommended to amend some of the current Acts analyzed.
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An, Soonok, Jisung Yoo, and Larry G. Nackerud. "Using Game Theory to Understand Screening for Domestic Violence Under the TANF Family Violence Option." Advances in Social Work 16, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 338–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/16671.
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Universal screening for domestic violence in the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program is required by most states, but its implementation is questionable. This paper employs game theory to conceptualize interactions between TANF applicants and frontline eligibility caseworkers. The intended outcomes of universal screening for intimate partner violence (IPV) – granting of a good cause waiver to IPV victims – are valid only by the assumption that caseworkers perform their roles. To grant a good cause waiver, TANF applicants and caseworkers should exchange two types of information: 1) disclosure of abuse by IPV victims and 2) notification of the availability of good cause waivers by caseworkers. This paper illuminates that intended outcomes of universal screening for IPV are difficult to achieve and discusses the applicability and limitations of game theory for policy evaluation.
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Overholser, Amber, and Jennifer Kelton-Huff. "Arkansas Domestic Violence shelters: Resilience in the Face of Multiple Challenges." Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 45, no. 4 (December 2023): 314–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37808/jhhsa.45.4.5.
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Domestic violence occurs with far too much frequency, with an average of 24 people per minute being victims of rape, physical violence or stalking by an intimate partner in the United States (The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, n.d.). Domestic violence shelters are typically 501c3 nonprofits which provide services to victims fleeing violence. This paper explores how shelters within the state of Arkansas have exhibited resiliency over the course of the recent COVID-19 pandemic and the 40% cuts required due to changes in the Crime Victims Fund (CVF), the primary source of funding for most shelters. Our findings reveal varied abilities to respond to these co-occurring stressors and found that contracting COVID-19, fears about closing, concerns over victims, and especially funding, weighed heavily on the minds of shelter staff We also found that shelter staff who stayed were resilient, fully invested in their organizations and the clients they serve, and looking onward to the future.
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Overholser, Amber, and Jennifer Kelton-Huff. "Arkansas Domestic Violence shelters: Resilience in the Face of Multiple Challenges." Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 46, no. 1 (March 2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37808/jhhsa.46.1.1.
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Domestic violence occurs with far too much frequency, with an average of 24 people per minute being victims of rape, physical violence or stalking by an intimate partner in the United States (The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, n.d.). Domestic violence shelters are typically 501c3 nonprofits which provide services to victims fleeing violence. This paper explores how shelters within the state of Arkansas have exhibited resiliency over the course of the recent COVID-19 pandemic and the 40% cuts required due to changes in the Crime Victims Fund (CVF), the primary source of funding for most shelters. Our findings reveal varied abilities to respond to these co-occurring stressors and found that contracting COVID-19, fears about closing, concerns over victims, and especially funding, weighed heavily on the minds of shelter staff We also found that shelter staff who stayed were resilient, fully invested in their organizations and the clients they serve, and looking onward to the future.
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Mahapatra, Neely, and Diana M. DiNitto. "Help-Seeking Behaviors of South Asian Women Experiencing Domestic Violence in the United States." Partner Abuse 4, no. 3 (2013): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.4.3.295.
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This study used survey methodology and logistic regression analysis to examine sociocultural factors (isolation, social support, acculturation, and patriarchy) associated with informal and formal help seeking among a community sample of 57 female domestic violence victims of South Asian origin residing in the United States. Of them, 35 (61%) reported seeking some type of help in the past year. Most of the 35 (60%) sought informal help. Participants who were more isolated from their spouse/partner and were not living with children were more likely to seek help. Most women said they sought help from others as a last option. Participants rated the effectiveness of many informal and formal sources of help as “moderately” to “very” helpful. The findings can be used to develop culturally specific intervention programs/services for South Asian women victims of domestic violence.
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Bjork-James, Sophie. "Christian Nationalism and LGBTQ Structural Violence in the United States." Journal of Religion and Violence 7, no. 3 (2019): 278–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jrv202031069.
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This paper uses anti-LGBTQ bias within evangelical Christianity as a case study to explore how nationalist movements justify prejudicial positions through framing privileged groups as victims. Since Anita Bryant’s late 1970s crusade against what was dubbed the “homosexual agenda,” white evangelicals have led a national movement opposing LGBTQ rights in the United States. Through a commitment to ensuring sexual minorities are excluded from civil rights protections, white evangelicals have contributed to a cultural and legal landscape conducive to anti-LGBTQ structural violence. This opposition is most often understood as rooted in love, and not in bias or hate, as demonstrated during long-term ethnographic research among white evangelical churches in Colorado Springs. Engaging with theories of morality and nationalism, this article argues that most biased political movements understand their motivation as defending a moral order and not perpetuating bias. In this way they can justify structural violence against subordinated groups.
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Méndez, Alina R. "More Than Victims or Villains." California History 98, no. 3 (2021): 28–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2021.98.3.28.
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This essay examines newspaper articles published in California’s Imperial Valley during the mid-twentieth century that reported stories of braceros (guest workers) and undocumented workers suffering accidents, engaging in intra-ethnic violence, falling prey to criminals, and drinking excessively. These news articles, which often cast Mexican migrants as (potentially) criminal, racialized braceros and their undocumented counterparts as outsiders and undeserving. Collectively, these news articles demonstrate that Mexican migrants experienced what Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Philippe Bourgois describe as a violence “continuum” that connects structural, everyday, and symbolic violence in overlapping and intersecting ways. The alcohol abuse and interpersonal violence so common among braceros and undocumented migrants cannot be separated from the structural and symbolic violence that these men confronted in the Imperial Valley. Migrant workers’ structural vulnerability—which placed them in harm’s way while they worked, during times of leisure, or along the migration route—was the cause, but also a byproduct, of the antisocial behavior that some men adopted to cope with their exploitation. Though scholars have long considered the conditions that I here categorize under structural, everyday, and symbolic violence, I argue that by employing the concept of a continuum of violence we can better account for the wide range of experiences that braceros and undocumented migrants encountered in the United States in the mid-twentieth century.
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Di Paolo, Jennifer. "Violence Against Native American Women in the United States." Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 20 (June 29, 2013): 174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22151/politikon.20.12.
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In response to the topic of Global Justice and Human Rights: Country Case Studies, I will discuss the origin and continuation of violence against Native American women in the United States. In a report named Maze of Injustice: The Failure to Protect Indigenous Women from Violence by Amnesty International, the organization deemed the current status of violence against indigenous women one of the most pervasive yet hidden human rights abuses. The U.S Department of Justice has found that Native American and Native Alaskan women are 2.5 times more likely to be raped or sexually assaulted. During an International Expert Group Meeting discussing Combatting Violence Against Indigenous Women and Girls, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs declared it a human rights issue of epidemic proportions. One in three Native American women are raped and three in five are physically assaulted. In reference to interracial violence, four out of five Native American victims of sexual assault reported that the perpetrator was white. Unfortunately due to the shame and stigma surrounding topics such as sexual assault and rape it is estimated that in reality these numbers are far higher. Scholars and historians of pre-colonial Native societies have found that during this period women held prominent positions and violence against women was rare. With colonization came a radical change to the role of women in Native society. Gender based violence and the exclusion of women in important positions was a powerful tool used by British settlers to dismantle the structures of native society and ultimately conquer it. Presently, due to the inadequate legal power given to Indian nations the crisis is not being dealt with efficiently. For example, Indian nations are unable to prosecute non-Indian offenders. In my discussion of violence against Native women in the United States I will begin by analyzing its colonial origins. Next I will discuss why this violence persists today with reference to laws and judicial processes. Finally, I will discuss what must be done to end these human rights abuses.
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Coutin, Susan Bibler. "The Oppressed, the Suspect, and the Citizen: Subjectivity in Competing Accounts of Political Violence." Law & Social Inquiry 26, no. 01 (2001): 63–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2001.tb00171.x.
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By juxtaposing religious, legal, and victims'accounts of political violence, this essay identifies and critiques assumptions about agency, the individual, and the state that derive from liberal theory and that underlie U.S. asylum law. In the United States, asylum is available to aliens whose gooernments fail to protect them from persecution on the basis of their race, religion, political opinion, nationality, or social group membership. Salvadoran and Guatemalan immigrants have challenged this definition of persecution with their two-decade-long struggle for asylum in the United States. During the 1980s, U.S. religious advocates and solidarity workers took legal action on behalf of what they characterized as victims of oppression in Central America. The asylum claims narrated by the beneficiaries of these legal efforts suggest that repessiwe pactices rendered entire populations politically suspect. To prevail in immigration court, however, victims had to prove that they were individually targeted because of being somehow “different” from the population at large. In other words, to obtain asylum, persecution victims had to explain how and why their actions had placed them at risk, even though persecution obscured the reasons that particular individuals were targeted and thus rendered all politically suspect.