Journal articles on the topic 'Victims of crime'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Victims of crime.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Victims of crime.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Wijaya, Enggal Prayoga. "Knowing Victims to Protect Them, A Book Review “Viktimologi: Perlindungan Korban dan Saksi” Bambang Waluyo, S.H., M.H., Sinar Grafika Jakarta, 2011, 320 pages, ISBN 978979074378." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jils.v6i2.36097.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding Victim (victim) and logi (science), Latin "victima" victims of "logos" science. Means knowledge about victims of crime. In a criminal trial the parties that play a role are the public prosecutor, judge, defendant, and legal counsel and witnesses. The victim was represented by the public prosecutor and to corroborate the usual evidence he was made a witness (victim). Often the public prosecutor acts at will by not representing the interests of the victim and ignoring the victim's protection rights. The victim was ignored because: The problem of crime cannot be understood in proportion The problem is not based on the prevailing theory Understanding the problem is not seen from the human side
2
Adiningsih, Aprilia Putri, and Ridwan Arifin. "Victims of Rape and The Legal Protection: Problems and Challenges in The Victimological Studies." Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review 3, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v3i1.56688.
Full textAbstract:
Victims of the crime of rape have not received optimal legal protection, even though they have been legally protected through the Law on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims, the Law on Child Protection, or the Law on the Elimination of Domestic Violence. However, the concept of Indonesian criminal law, which focuses more on punishing and deterring criminals, has not been able to accommodate the rights of victims, especially in cases of certain crimes such as rape. In the case of rape, the victim receives an immaterial loss (loss of honor) which is legally difficult to materialize, so that the punishment is limited to imprisonment and a fine which is not sufficient to restore the victim's loss and restore the victim's trauma. This study aims to analyze the protection of victims of rape crime in the perspective of victimology and law. This study uses a normative legal approach, literature review and legal analysis. This study found that the juridical sera, the protection of victims of crime, including victims of rape, has been regulated by the state through several laws. The rights of victims have also been mentioned, ranging from restitution, to recovery of victims' losses and trauma. However, in cases of rape, victims are often dissatisfied with the punishment given to the perpetrators of this crime.
3
Hodgkinsoi, Sarah, and Nick Tilley. "Travel-to-Crime: Homing in on the Victim." International Review of Victimology 14, no. 3 (September 2007): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800701400301.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental criminology focuses on the intersection in time and place of the offender and victim. Patterns of crime are generally explained in terms of the routine activities of the offender. His or her travel to crime distances are short and crimes are committed within the offender's ‘awareness space’. It has generally been theorised that victims also have short journeys to crime, associated with their routine behaviour. This review, however, suggests that occupancy of ‘unawareness space’, where people are away from familiar surroundings, may confer heightened risk. This is supported in research in the special case of crime and tourism, though other travelling victim patterns have been largely ignored. This paper postulates that crime risk increases at the intersection of offender awareness and victim unawareness spaces. The 2002–3 British Crime Survey provides some suggestive evidence on this. Its analysis reveals that 26.9% of self-reported victimisation occurs more than 15 minutes away from the victim's home. For personal theft crimes over 70% of the victims were outside their immediate locality, suggesting a stronger link between victim mobility and certain types of offence. This finding is discussed in light of the literature reviewed and some implications for crime prevention are considered.
4
Kumar, TK Vinod. "Mediating influence of crime type on victim satisfaction with police services." International Review of Victimology 24, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269758017727344.
Full textAbstract:
Different crimes have their own unique characteristics. Victim needs and experiences vary across crime types. However, there has been a tendency for the criminal justice system to treat victims as a homogeneous entity and respond to victims of different types of crimes in a routine manner. This is especially true in a developing country like India. This study, using victim survey data from India, examines whether the crime type (property crime or violent crime) has a mediating influence on the relation between the quality of procedure and outcome of police response on the one hand, and victim satisfaction on the other. The study concludes that the type of crime has a mediating effect on the relation between interpersonal justice, information justice and outcome, and the satisfaction of victims with services provided by the police.
5
Wilbanks, William. "Is Violent Crime Intraracial?" Crime & Delinquency 31, no. 1 (January 1985): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128785031001007.
Full textAbstract:
The commonly accepted view that violent crime is intraracial as opposed to interracial is reexamined. Victim survey data on perceived race of offender are used to suggest that the issue of intraracial versus interracial crime should be examined from four perspectives: white offender's choice of victim (e.g., white or black); black offender's choice of victim; white victim's perception of race of offender; and black victim's perception of race of offender. A Detailed analysis of victimization survey data indicates that violent crime in the United States (robbery, assault, and rape) is intraracial from three perspectives (whites chose other whites as victims, whites were largely victimized by other whites, and blacks were largely victimized by other blacks). However, black offenders were more likely to choose white victims in robberies, assaults, and rapes. Tentative and alternative explanations for this previously unexamined fact of interracial crime are suggested.
6
Bailey, Laura, Vincent Harinam, and Barak Ariel. "Victims, offenders and victim-offender overlaps of knife crime: A social network analysis approach using police records." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): e0242621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242621.
Full textAbstract:
Knife crime is a source of concern for the police in England and Wales, however little published research exists on this crime type. Who are the offenders who use knives to commit crime, when and why? Who are their victims, and is there a victim-offender overlap? What is the social network formation for people who are exposed to knife crime? Using a multidimensional approach, our aim is to answer these questions about one of England and Wales’ largest jurisdictions: Thames Valley. We first provide a state-of-the-art narrative review of the knife crime literature, followed by an analysis of population-level data on central tendency and dispersion of knife crimes reported to the police (2015–2019), on offences, offenders, victims, victim-offender overlaps and gang-related assaults. Social network analysis was used to explore the formations of offender-victim networks. Our findings show that knife crime represents a small proportion of crime (1.86%) and is associated largely with violence offenses. 16–34 year-old white males are at greatest risk of being the victims, offenders or victim-offenders of knife crime, with similar relative risks between these three categories. Both knife offenders and victims are likely to have a criminal record. Knife crimes are usually not gang-related (less than 20%), and experienced mostly between strangers, with the altercation often a non-retaliatory ‘one-off event’. Even gang-related knife crimes do not follow ‘tit-for-tat’ relationships—except when the individuals involved have extensive offending histories and then are likely to retaliate instantaneously. We conclude that while rare, an incident of knife crime remains predicable, as a substantial ratio of offenders and victims of future knife crime can be found in police records. Prevention strategies should not be focused on gang-related criminals, but on either prolific violent offenders or repeat victims who are known to the police—and therefore more susceptible to knife crime exposure.
7
Yulianti, Evi, and Achmad Sulchan. "Legal Protection Of Victims In The Crime Of Rapes." Law Development Journal 3, no. 2 (August 7, 2021): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.3.2.353-361.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the legal protection of victims in the crime of rape, and to identify and analyze the obstacles and solutions to the legal protection of victims in the crime of rape. This study uses a normative juridical approach, which in this case relates to the legal protection of victims in the crime of rape with descriptive analytical research specifications. The data used are primary and secondary data which will be analyzed qualitatively. The research problems were analyzed using law enforcement theory, legal certainty and Islamic justice theory. The results of the study concluded that the protection of victims of the crime of rape in addition to experiencing physical suffering also experienced psychological suffering which took a long time to recover. Considering that the suffering experienced by the victims of the crime of rape is not light and it takes a long time to recover, the law enforcement officers are obliged to provide protection for the victims of the crime of rape. The obstacles that arise in the legal protection of the rights of victims in the process of resolving criminal cases: a) The criminals themselves, where the perpetrators of the crime are very good at committing crimes so that they are not caught or not caught; b) The attitude of the community, where the attitude of the community is indifferent in dealing with crimes that occur in their environment, so that people are less sensitive in dealing with crimes that occur; c) The compensation given by the perpetrator to the victim is not in accordance with what the victim expects because of the economic limitations of the perpetrator of the crime; d) For immaterial losses in criminal cases it cannot be done. The solution to the legal protection of victims in the crime of rape is the rehabilitation of victims of the crime of rape.
8
Abdullah, Rahmat Hi. "Tinjauan Viktimologis Terhadap Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (Human Trafficking)." JURNAL YUSTIKA: MEDIA HUKUM DAN KEADILAN 22, no. 01 (October 30, 2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/yustika.v22i01.1958.
Full textAbstract:
Victims are an important element in the continuation of legal evidence as a victim witness or reporter. As is the case with the problem of human trafficking crime. Victimology with its various kinds of views extends the criminal etiological theories needed to understand the existence of crime as a better structural and non-structural victimization. besides the views in viktimology encourage people to pay attention and serve each party who can be victims of mental, physical, and social. From the explanation of the victim's typology and the factors that led to the crime of trafficking in persons, it was concluded that there were three types of victims of trafficking in persons, namely Latend or Prodisposed Victims who were economic contributors. Participating Victims were victims who because the cause is a low education factor, and False Victims which is being a victim because the cause is a consumptive behavior factor.
9
Головкін, Богдан Миколайович. "Victim behavior of crime victims." Problems of Legality, no. 135 (December 15, 2016): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.135.83130.
Full text
10
Oh, Jung Yong, and Hye Hyeon Park. "Problems of supporting victims of digital sex crimes and ways to improve them." Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/wlri.2022.38.2.31.
Full textAbstract:
With the development of science and technology, the penetration rate of smartphones has increased, and cyberspace has become more familiar with real life and information accessibility has increased. However, as cyberspace becomes more common, new forms of crime are emerging, and the seriousness of the crime is emerging.
Among them, digital sex crimes are the most serious. Amid growing anxiety over the crime, the government announced a comprehensive plan to prevent damage to digital sex crimes and actively discussed enacting and revising related bills, but there is still a gap in support for victims.
There is a perception that digital sex crimes are not physically damaged like ordinary sex crimes, and that this crime is lighter than other crimes. However, unlike this perception, digital sex crimes are crimes that are almost impossible to recover from once they are damaged. Once the victim's videos are released into cyberspace, they cannot be permanently deleted, causing pain to victims and social activities cannot be carried out. In other words, the act can be seen as a personality murder of the victim. Despite these criminal characteristics, the system for supporting victims is still inadequate.
The lack of understanding of digital sex crimes by investigators and the Ministry of Justice, lack of budget to support digital sex crimes victims' support centers, and difficulties in international cooperation in arresting overseas Internet operators. To solve these problems, education programs should be carried out at the level necessary for each organization to improve the understanding of investigative agencies and the judiciary, and a system should be established to make education compulsory. In addition, it is necessary to expand the budget to support the victims of digital sex crimes, and to join the Cybercrime Prevention Agreement and cooperate with member countries to investigate sites with overseas servers.
11
Moore, Dawn, and Rashmee Singh. "Seeing crime, feeling crime: Visual evidence, emotions, and the prosecution of domestic violence." Theoretical Criminology 22, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480616684194.
Full textAbstract:
Changes in prosecutorial strategies vis-a-vis domestic violence introduced new models of investigation that privilege images of victims. Drawing on case law, we argue these visual artefacts of victims’ injuries as well as their videotaped sworn statements describing their assaults constitute what Haggerty and Ericson call a ‘data double’, a virtual doppleganger who is meant to stand, often antagonistically in the stead of the flesh and blood victim. We further suggest, following theorizing on the emotional impact of images, that these pictures and videos, presented in court, have an emotional stickiness that differently affects both judges and juries as compared to the testimony of the flesh and blood victim. Thinking through temporality and notions of femininity we conclude that the truth effect of these images is that the victim’s data double becomes more human than human, forcing us to rethink the relationships between victims, images, and the machinations of justice.
12
Sattler, Patricia Lynne. "The Crime Victims' Rights Act: Rhetoric or Reality?" Greenwich Social Work Review 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21100/gswr.v1i1.1104.
Full textAbstract:
Crime victim’s rights legislation including the Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982 (VWPA) and the Crime Victims’ Rights Act of 2004 (CVRA) brought attention to the plight of the crime victim and called on justice professionals and the public to recognize victims’ value, worth, and role within a justice model that seeks to hold offenders accountable and increase public safety. The CVRA was the first federal policy to grant participatory rights to victims of crime; it served as a model statute for states enacting similar legislation. Beyond the eight participatory rights, implementation and administration of the CVRA is recommended but not required by law enforcement, prosecutors, or the judiciary. Instead, these justice professionals are encouraged to “make a good faith effort” in delivering these rights to victims of crime. This paper tells the story of the victims’ rights movement before utilizing the Narrative Policy Framework to analyze the CVRA. Highlighting several key issues of relevance to the social work profession, a call to action is issued for social workers and policymakers to shift current narratives and more clearly define who constitutes a victim, how these rights are to be implemented and by whom, and to develop enforcement mechanisms.
13
RUBACK, R. BARRY. "Advice to Crime Victims:." Criminal Justice and Behavior 21, no. 4 (December 1994): 423–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854894021004003.
Full textAbstract:
There is consistent evidence from a variety of sources that crime victims' reporting decisions are influenced by others. The present studies extended this prior work by surveying two statewide stratified random samples ( ns = 817 and 832). In Study 1, of 148 respondents who said a family member had been a victim of sexual assault, domestic assault, or robbery, only 65% said that they had advised the victims to report the crime, and women were significantly more likely to advise reporting domestic assault than were men. In both Study 1 and Study 2, respondents were asked about the appropriateness of reporting specific crimes to the police. Based on both within-and between-respondent questions, it appears that reporting advice is contingent on several factors: the seriousness of the offense, the gender of the victim, the victim-offender relationship, and the gender of the respondent.
14
Hiltz, Natalie, Matthew Bland, and Geoffrey C. Barnes. "Victim-Offender Overlap in Violent Crime: Targeting Crime Harm in a Canadian Suburb." Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing 4, no. 3-4 (November 19, 2020): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41887-020-00056-x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Research Question To what extent are victims of violent crime also offenders, and vice versa, with what concentrations of total crime harm across each person who has ever been reported as both a victim and an offender within the study period? Data We analyse 27,233 unique individuals who were the subject of violent crime reports to the Peel Regional Police Service in Canada, either as offenders, victims, or both, for crimes reported between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016. Each individual linked to a violent crime in this period was tracked for the 730 days subsequent to the first crime report naming them. Methods We coded each crime with the Canadian Crime Severity Index (CCSI) to calculate victimization and offending harm totals across all incidents for each individual. We then computed each individual’s ratio of total CCSI from victimization to total CCSI from victimization. Based on the distribution of these ratios of CCSI from all offending to all victimization, we show how police can distinguish three categories of victim-offenders (VOs): predominant victims (PVs), predominant offenders (POs), and balanced victim-offenders (BVOs), as well as the single-category absolute offenders (AOs) and absolute victims (AVs). Findings Across all 27,233 individuals tracked, 17,138 (64%) appeared first as victims, and 10,095 (36%) appeared first as suspects. Of those appearing first as victims, 997 (6%) are linked to a violent crime as an offender within 730 days. Among those appearing first as offenders, 1019 (10%) are subsequently reported as victimized within 730 days. The total of this combined group (VOs) = 1665 individuals (6% of the entire population). Using a 3.5:1 ratio of victim to offender harm, we subdivide the 1665 VOs further into 322 predominant victims, 280 predominant offenders, and 1063 balanced victim-offenders. The 20% of individuals (n = 5455) with highest harm are linked to 71% of overall harm. On average, predominant offenders (who have also been victimized) are associated with 2.7 times as much harm as absolute offenders, and predominant victims (who have also been offenders) have three times as much harm as absolute victims. Conclusions This research shows how combining records of victimization and offending to target higher harm levels with greater potential benefits for police investments in harm reduction and prevention.
15
Aji Titin Roswitha Nursanthy, Gunawan Hasibuan, and Ni Kadek Dewi Ayu Lestarie. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Dibawah Umur yang Menjadi Korban Tindak Pidana Pencabulan." Collegium Studiosum Journal 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/csj.v4i2.480.
Full textAbstract:
Child molestation is a crime that violates morals, ethics and religion. The impact of this crime on children is that it causes physical and psychological trauma to victims, especially those who are children so that it can affect the victim's self-development when he grows up. The results of the research and discussion show: Factors that can increase and influence the occurrence of criminal acts of sexual abuse against minors, namely: low education and economic factors, environmental or residential factors, drinking factors (alcohol), technological factors and victim role factors in the realm of criminological etiology can be categorized in the theory that is not oriented to social class. Efforts to tackle the crime of sexual abuse of minors can be done in two ways, namely prevention and mitigation if the crime of sexual abuse of minors has already occurred. In the context of protection for victims of crime, there are preventive and repressive measures taken, both by the community and the government (through law enforcement officers), such as providing protection/supervision from various threats that can endanger the lives of victims, providing adequate medical and legal assistance, A fair examination and judicial process against perpetrators of crimes is basically one of the manifestations and protections of human rights as well as a balancing instrument. This is where the philosophical basis behind the importance of crime victims (their families) gain protection.
16
Wrede, Olof, and Karl Ask. "More Than a Feeling: Public Expectations About Emotional Responses to Criminal Victimization." Violence and Victims 30, no. 5 (2015): 902–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-14-00002.
Full textAbstract:
Crime victims’ emotional display in legal settings has been found to influence credibility judgments. The specific nature of public expectations about crime victims’ emotional responses have, however, not been adequately investigated. In an experimental vignette study, respondents in a community sample (N = 404) estimated the likelihood that female and male victims would experience 7 distinct emotions in response to 5 types of crimes. Across all crime types, female victims were expected to experience significantly more situation-focused (anxiety, fear) and inward-focused (guilt, shame, sadness) emotions, and significantly less other-focused emotions (hatred, anger) than male victims. This calls for an increased focus on distinct emotions in future research on victim’s emotions. Implications for victims in legal and social settings are discussed.
17
Komariah, Mamay. "IMPLEMENTASI PASAL 59 AYAT (2) HURUF J UNDANG -UNDANG NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2014 PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2002 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DI KOTA BANJAR." SUPREMASI HUKUM 17, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v17i1.1167.
Full textAbstract:
Child victims of sexual abuse who have traumatic impacts who serve child victims of violence that are so profound and difficult to cure. Psychological trauma to children who are victims of sexual crimes is difficult to remove from the child's memory, especially if the perpetrator is still and lives not far from the environment of the child, the victim who commits a crime in a crime. The importance of the victim's main concern in discussing crimes caused by the victim often has a very important role in the occurrence of a crime.
The method used by compilers in this research is descriptive analysis, namely how to solve problems or answer problems that are tracing the road, classification, analysis, the data displayed with the aim of making a picture of an objective situation. Compilers also use a normative juridical approach, namely legal research that prioritizes researching library materials or what is called secondary data material.
Implementation of Article 59 Paragraph (2) Letter J Law Number 35 Year 2014 Amendments to Law Number 23 Year 2002 Regarding Protection in the City of Banjar Has not been implemented optimally because it is still the infrastructure, budget and human resources who are experts in children specifically, therefore The government should add psychologists and psychiatrists to rehabilitate child victims of sexual abuse committed by the presence of the social service and the P2TP2A (Integrated Service Center for Women and Children) to carry out rehabilitation only to provide motivation and visits to families but still not maximally because one is functionally responsible for protection against child victims of sexual crimes crimes.
It is hoped that the government can provide maximum rehabilitation for children who are victims of criminal acts because it is an obligation of the government. protection of the community and increasing human resources such as psychology and psychiatrists to provide rehabilitation services for child victims of abuse.
18
Setiyawan, Deni, Muhammad Ramli, and Noor Rahmad. "Kedudukan Rasio Decidendi Hakim Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Restitusi Kepada Korban kejahatan Seksual pada Anak." JATIJAJAR LAW REVIEW 1, no. 1 (March 19, 2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26753/jlr.v1i1.729.
Full textAbstract:
Children grow and develop in their lives cannot be separated from social and environmental influences in which they live and grow. We often see children who are victims of sexual crimes, especially crimes of rape. Even though protection for children has been regulated in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection (Child Protection Law) and Government Regulation Number 43 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Restitution for Children Who Become Victims of Crime. However, crimes against children continue to occur and pay more attention to that the law does not explain the amount of compensation for victims of sexual crimes, in this case a child. Seeing this problem, the judge must prioritize the fulfillment of the rights of the child as a victim in his decision. Because judges have an important role in determining the rights of victims through legal analysis, (ratio decidendi). This study aims to describe the position of the Judge's Decidendi Ratio in Fulfilling the Right of Restitution to Victims of Sexual Crimes in Children. The concentration of this research discusses the position of Government Regulation Number 43 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Restitution for Children Who Become Victims of Crime in determining the amount of restitution, then the role of the position of judges who have the right of the ratio decidendi in determining the amount of compensation for victims by prioritizing justice to victims. . This study uses a normative method with a normative juridical approach. The results obtained: first, the position of Government Regulation Number 43 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Restitution for Children Who Become Victims of Crime in determining the amount of restitution. Second, the role of the judge who has the right of the ratio decidendi in determining the amount of compensation for the victim by prioritizing justice to the victim.
19
Wahanani, Sri Tatmala, Ira Alia Maerani, and Siti Ummu Adillah. "The Legal Analysis of Age Limitations of Child Victims on Criminal Actions in Justice Perspective." Law Development Journal 4, no. 3 (August 17, 2022): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.4.3.416-422.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the impact of changes in the age limit of child victims, provisions for the age limit of child victims in Islamic law and age limits for victims of crimes of decency with justice. The approach method in this study uses a doctrinal research method (juridical normative) and a legal psychological approach method, with a descriptive analytical research specification. In collecting data used literature study method with qualitative data analysis. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the change in the age limit of child victims in positive law in Indonesia in 2002 from 15 (fifteen) to 18 (eighteen) years had an impact on increasing the number of cases of decency crimes. Even criminal acts of decency are dominated on the basis of reports from the parents of the victim's child who do not approve of the courtship (consensual) relationship between the victim's child and the perpetrator of the crime of decency. This has implications for the conscience of justice for law enforcement officers to demand or make decisions against the perpetrators, there is a sense of injustice, there is a sense of inadequacy when they have to demand or impose punishment, because actually the crime was also desired by the victim. So for the sake of realizing justice, the age of the child victim of 18 (eighteen) years needs to be reconsidered for revision or change.
20
Shinkarenko, Inna, and Nataliya Davydova. "Socio-psychological structure problems of crime victim personality." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 5, no. 5 (December 30, 2020): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-5-359-366.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with highlighting the victim of the crime role and the victim's personality socio-psychological structure. Victimology, which emerged at the legal and social psychology intersection, has to identify qualitative and quantitative characteristics and other issues related to the personality and physical, moral or property damage victim’s behavior. In the course of the research, the definitions of victimhood available in the scientific literature are analyzed, and several main approaches to this phenomenon are identified. Becouse of existing scientific opinion generalization, the work defines victimhood as a potential ability to be a victim of a crime as a result of negative personal qualities interaction with external factors, as well as the some people tendency to become the victims of a crime.
21
Ofori-Dua, Kwadwo, Nachinaab John Onzaberigu, and Richard Kofi Nimako. "Victims, the Forgotten Party in the Criminal Justices System: The Perception and Experiences of Crime Victims in Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana." Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice 2, no. 2 (October 2019): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516606919885516.
Full textAbstract:
Crime victims are an integral part of the criminal justice system. There has been recurrent consensus of opinion that without crime victims there can be no effective prosecution. Nevertheless, most studies have been crime-offender-centred. This research explored the experiences of the crime victim in the criminal justice system. Methodologically, this study employed a qualitative technique, face-to-face interviews to collect data. Purposive, snowball, expert sampling techniques were used to select respondents. The study revealed that although most crime victims were satisfied at the reporting stage, they were dissatisfied getting to the end of the criminal justice system process. Victims of offences as robbery and defrauding wanted their monies back after the imprisonment of offender whilst victims of violent crimes like rape, assault and murder want compensation to foot medical bills and other losses they incurred. Victims generally perceive that prosecution and conviction given to perpetrators were not deterring enough. The findings showed that crime victims felt re-victimised by CJS officials; especially because they were not treated with human dignity and the victims had many interesting conceptions of ‘being treated with dignity’ and ‘not being treated with dignity. The study concluded that the CJS should administer justice expeditiously and should be more inclusive.
22
Mwangi, Erick M., Eric K. Bor, Panuel Mwaeke, and Samwel Auya. "Influence of Victim-Offender Relationship on Reporting of Property Crime to the Police by Victims in Gilgil Ward, Nakuru County, Kenya." European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 6 (November 14, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2022.2.6.339.
Full textAbstract:
The security and economic expansion of countries are seriously threatened by property crime. It is occasionally linked to victims' hesitation to file a police report. In Gilgil Ward, property offenses are the most common kind of crime. Property crimes, however, make up a relatively tiny portion of reported offenses. Why victims don't report property crimes is a mystery. As a result, the study established the impact of the victim-offender relationship on property crime reporting to the police in Gilgil Ward. The research study's methodology was mixed-methods. The study's research instruments included questionnaires and interview schedules. The intended audience consisted of victims of property crimes who had reported their crimes to the police. For the research investigation, 96 people were the sample size. Respondents were chosen using stratified random selection, purposive sampling, and snowballing sampling. For quantitative data, descriptive analysis was used; for qualitative data, theme analysis was used. The study found that the type of property crime investigated was affected by the victim-offender relationship differently in terms of reporting property crimes. The majority of respondents reported being "to a small extent" impacted by the victim-offender relationship in robbery and theft offenses. Besides, the majority of the respondents claimed that the victim-offender relationship had no bearing on whether they reported a house-breaking or burglary. This study recommends educating Gilgil Ward inhabitants on the need of reporting property crimes to the police to foster successful policing.
23
KIM, Hyekyung. "Protection of Crime Victims in Social Security: Focusing on the principle of solidarity." Korean Association Of Victimology 30, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36220/kjv.2022.30.3.31.
Full textAbstract:
The most fundamental question in crime victim support is the basis and limitations of crime victim support. It is a question of how far the protection of crime victims will be possible in terms of practical support and intervention in addition to the guarantee of rights in criminal proceedings. If support for crime victims starts with the incomplete fulfillment of the state's crime prevention responsibilities, state intervention will be sufficient to return to the pre-crime state. However, if this is approached in terms of social security or social welfare, the living condition as a more complete and normal member of society should be guaranteed, but if it is approached in terms of crime victim relief, national intervention will always be limited to secondary intervention based on the principle of supplementation.
In other words, depending on what ideology the state approaches crime victims with, the method or limit of national intervention in crime victims will differ in its direction. This is expected to have a great influence on the 4th Basic Plan for Crime Victims.
Until recently, the most discussed categories are areas where it is difficult to set limits on the state's role, such as the scope of rescue for foreigners affected by crime in Korea, the possibility of rescue for domestic victims, intervention for victims of negligence, and recognition of indirect victims of non-crime victims. In this regard, the 4th Basic Plan already includes the expansion of the structure of victims of negligence resulting in death, domestic crime victims abroad, and domestic foreign crime victims. However, in that this is a basic plan, to what extent it will be realized is also a matter of future policy decisions.
First of all, it would be liked to approach the extent to which crime victim protection will be possible from the perspective of social security and solidarity.
It is necessary to organize the terms, and to examine specifically what the nation can help by organizing terms that are conceptualized as the basis for national intervention such as guarantee, welfare, compensation, relief and protection. And then would like to examine whether access to intervention in crime victims can be made in terms of community solidarity, and analyze the difference in crime victim protection based on existing theories and social security theories and principles of solidarity.
24
Shablystyi, Volodymyr, Andriy Kovalenko, Anastasiia Hetman, and Roman Kvasha. "Victimological measures to prevent violent offences for gain committed by children." Cuestiones Políticas 38, Especial II (December 8, 2020): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.382e.35.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the article is to be a victimological description of violent crimes for profit by children in Ukraine. The research methodology was based on the equal combination of the legal method, logical and semantic method, comparative method, documentary, test method, classification method, method, and method of system analysis. Among the most notable results of the study were victims who contribute to the commission of crimes for profit and. Everything allows that, the theory of victimological modeling is a logical result of victim thought in criminology, which aims to be the models of the concluding victim of victims of crime crimes, etc.) in order to develop measures that are advised of the victim. The objectives of preventing lost crimes through the development and implementation of long-term state programmed for prevention. The implementation of these laundry programs a mechanism for the effective prevention of victims, the effectiveness of the fight against crime and will ensure safety.
25
Chankova, Dobrinka, and Gergana Georgieva. "Towards Coherent European Crime Victims Policies and Practices." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0067.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study explores the latest developments on the European scale of the policies and practices towards victims of crime. Due to many economic and political factors a lot of people are in movement and exposed to the risk of becoming victims of crime. During the last decade the statistics already records enhanced victimization of the global European society. These have provoked numerous legislative actions and practical initiatives in order to ensure safety, to prevent falling victims to crime and to protect better victim’s rights and needs. The European Protection Order Directive, Victims’ Directive and Convention against domestic violence, are among the most advanced legal acts worldwide. However, it is observed that their implementation in Europe is asymmetric and sometimes problematic. This paper explores the role of the national governments and specialized agencies and mainly the deficits in their activities leading to the non-usage of victims of all the existing opportunities. The newest supra-national acts aiming at the acceleration of transposition and ratification of these important for the building of victim-friendly environment documents, are discussed. Practical recommendations for a more effective victim protection are developed.
26
Benier, Kathryn. "The harms of hate." International Review of Victimology 23, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269758017693087.
Full textAbstract:
Studies have demonstrated that hate crime victimisation has harmful effects for individuals. Victims of hate crime report anger, nervousness, feeling unsafe, poor concentration and loss of self-confidence. While victims of non-hate crimes report similar feelings, harm is intensified for hate crime victims due to the targeted nature of the incident. While there is some evidence that experiencing or even witnessing hate crime may have a detrimental effect on residents’ community life, the effects of being victim of a hate crime inside one’s own neighbourhood remain unstudied. Using census data combined with survey data from 4396 residents living across 148 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia, this study examines whether residents who report hate crime within their own neighbourhood differ in their participation in community life when compared to victims of non-hate crime or those who have not been victimised. This is the first study to focus on victims’ views on: how welcoming their neighbourhood is to ethnic diversity; their attachment to their neighbourhood; their frequency of social interactions with neighbours; their number of friends and acquaintances in the neighbourhood; and their fear of crime. Results from propensity score matching (PSM) indicate that there are important differences in patterns of neighbourhood participation across these three groups.
27
van de Weijer, Steve G. A., Rutger Leukfeldt, and Wim Bernasco. "Determinants of reporting cybercrime: A comparison between identity theft, consumer fraud, and hacking." European Journal of Criminology 16, no. 4 (May 19, 2018): 486–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370818773610.
Full textAbstract:
Although the prevalence of cybercrime has increased rapidly, most victims do not report these offenses to the police. This is the first study that compares associations between victim characteristics and crime reporting behavior for traditional crimes versus cybercrimes. Data from four waves of a Dutch cross-sectional population survey are used ( N = 97,186 victims). Results show that cybercrimes are among the least reported types of crime. Moreover, the determinants of crime reporting differ between traditional crimes and cybercrimes, between different types of cybercrime (that is, identity theft, consumer fraud, hacking), and between reporting cybercrimes to the police and to other organizations. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
28
Green, Diane L., and Elizabeth C. Pomeroy. "Crime Victims." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 15, no. 2 (December 19, 2007): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j146v15n02_06.
Full text
29
Dunbar, Edward. "Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation in Hate Crime Victimization: Identity Politics or Identity Risk?" Violence and Victims 21, no. 3 (June 2006): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.21.3.323.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the impact of hate crimes upon gay and lesbian victims, reviewing 1,538 hate crimes committed in Los Angeles County. Differences between sexual orientation and other hate crime categories were considered for offense severity, reportage to law enforcement, and victim impact. The type of offense varied between crimes classified for sexual orientation (n = 551) and other bias-motivated crimes (n = 987). Assault, sexual assault, sexual harassment, and stalking were predictive of sexual orientation hate crimes. Sexual orientation bias crimes evidenced greater severity of violence to the person and impact upon victim level of functioning. More violent forms of aggression were predictive of gay and lesbian victim’s underreportage to law enforcement. For sexual orientation offenses, victim gender and race/ethnicity differences were predictive of the base rates of crime reportage as well. These findings are considered in terms of a group-risk hypothesis, encountered by multiple outgroup persons, that influences help-seeking behavior and ingroup identity.
30
Galdamez, Gerson, and Zach Gassoumis. "CRIME-RELATED PHYSICAL INJURIES AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES: FINDINGS FROM 2015 NIBRS DATA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S449—S450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1686.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Approaches to addressing crimes within the justice system typically do not differentiate between younger and older adults. However, approaches to addressing elder abuse cases—which involve older adult victims exclusively—often rely on the preconception that abuse can only occur if a visible physical injury exists. This preconception is driven in part by perceptions of frailty and ease-of-injury in older, vulnerable victims. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of physical injuries among older victims of violent crimes. We used data reported by the U.S. National Incidence-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) in 2015 to quantify the frequency of reported crimes which resulted in visible, physical injuries to victims aged 60+. Logistic regression was used to determine effects of age, race/ethnicity, type of crime, relationship to offender, and victim locality on physical injury from crime. Among 1,373,417 crime victims, 80.63% of older adults (60+) sustained an injury, as opposed to 65.17% of younger adults (<60). The proportion of individuals who showed physical injuries consistently increased with age until age 90. Knowing the offender was associated with higher odds of sustaining a visible injury (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.38-1.58). Although older adults show higher risk of visible physical injuries from violent crimes than younger adults, it is possible for a crime against an older adult to have occurred without a visible injury. Medical and criminal justice practitioners should utilize this evidence on elder crime victimization to aid in expert witness testimony and other activities related to justice in crimes against older adults.
31
Jarrell, Melissa L., and Joshua Ozymy. "Real crime, real victims: environmental crime victims and the Crime Victims’ Rights Act (CVRA)." Crime, Law and Social Change 58, no. 4 (September 11, 2012): 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-012-9394-x.
Full text
32
Hipple, Natalie Kroovand, Kristina J. Thompson, Beth M. Huebner, and Lauren A. Magee. "Understanding Victim Cooperation in Cases of Nonfatal Gun Assaults." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 12 (May 16, 2019): 1793–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819848806.
Full textAbstract:
Victims play a central role in criminal case processing, but research suggests many victims do not report crimes to police or cooperate in a police investigation. This study extends the literature on victim cooperation by examining the effect of incident-level variables and neighborhood characteristics on victim cooperation in nonfatal shooting incidents. The sample includes 1,054 nonfatal shooting victims from two Midwestern cities. Results using binary logistic regression suggest that incident and victim characteristics are significantly associated with cooperation, but race conditions the effect of injury severity and motive on cooperation. The willingness to cooperate among Whites is contingent on injury severity while non-White victims do not become markedly more cooperative when confronted with serious injury. Race also moderates the relationship between crime motive and cooperation. This work demonstrates the need to incorporate nonfatal firearm violence into studies of victim cooperation and gun crime more broadly.
33
Sulistyani, Wanodyo. "Environmental Crime Victims under Criminal Justice System: A Study on the Development of Environmental Victimology." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 06, no. 01 (April 2019): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n1.a3.
Full textAbstract:
Lack of attention to environmental crime victims under criminal justice system has led to the development of the study of environmental victimology. This study focuses to acknowledge victims’ losses as an impact of environmental crime and victimizationprocess. In the study of criminology, environmental crime is generated by environmental damaging activities, such as pollution, illegal hazardous substances dumping, land burning, illegal logging, etc. The damaging activities inflict harms not merely to the sustainability of the environment, but also to human and other creatures. Environment degradation has caused issues on health, economic, social, and cultural, as well as inequality. However, in some incidents, environmental crime is endorsed by state; the fact has created complexity in dealing with the crime. Furthermore, environmental crime is also related to other forms of crime, such as corruption and money laundering. Therefore, a multi-doors approach is established by involving several institutions to investigate the crimes. However, the approach does not sufficiently restore victims’ losses. The environmental victimology study is expected to enable criminal justice system to accommodate environmental crime victim’s interests for restitution or compensation. Therefore, this article overviews the widespread environmental crimes and the rise of attention to this issue. Consequently, it also describes the issue on criminal law enforcement to environmental crimes. Furthermore, it reviews environmental victimology study and the process of environmental victimization. Lastly, it analyzes the importance of environmental victimology study in arranging a policy on restoring the victims’ losses. The study employed normative legal research by applying statutory, comparative, and case study approaches.
34
Sulistyani, Wanodyo. "Environmental Crime Victims under Criminal Justice System: A Study on the Development of Environmental Victimology." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 06, no. 01 (April 2019): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v6n1.a3.
Full textAbstract:
Lack of attention to environmental crime victims under criminal justice system has led to the development of the study of environmental victimology. This study focuses to acknowledge victims’ losses as an impact of environmental crime and victimizationprocess. In the study of criminology, environmental crime is generated by environmental damaging activities, such as pollution, illegal hazardous substances dumping, land burning, illegal logging, etc. The damaging activities inflict harms not merely to the sustainability of the environment, but also to human and other creatures. Environment degradation has caused issues on health, economic, social, and cultural, as well as inequality. However, in some incidents, environmental crime is endorsed by state; the fact has created complexity in dealing with the crime. Furthermore, environmental crime is also related to other forms of crime, such as corruption and money laundering. Therefore, a multi-doors approach is established by involving several institutions to investigate the crimes. However, the approach does not sufficiently restore victims’ losses. The environmental victimology study is expected to enable criminal justice system to accommodate environmental crime victim’s interests for restitution or compensation. Therefore, this article overviews the widespread environmental crimes and the rise of attention to this issue. Consequently, it also describes the issue on criminal law enforcement to environmental crimes. Furthermore, it reviews environmental victimology study and the process of environmental victimization. Lastly, it analyzes the importance of environmental victimology study in arranging a policy on restoring the victims’ losses. The study employed normative legal research by applying statutory, comparative, and case study approaches.
35
Flores, Andrew R., Rebecca L. Stotzer, Ilan H. Meyer, and Lynn L. Langton. "Hate crimes against LGBT people: National Crime Victimization Survey, 2017-2019." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 21, 2022): e0279363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279363.
Full textAbstract:
We estimate the prevalence and characteristics of violent hate crime victimization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the United States, and we compare them to non-LGBT hate crime victims and to LGBT victims of violent non-hate crime. We analyze pooled 2017-2019 data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (n persons = 553, 925;n incidents = 32, 470), the first nationally representative and comprehensive survey on crime that allows identification of LGBT persons aged 16 or older. Descriptive and bivariate analysis show that LGBT people experienced 6.6 violent hate crime victimizations per 1,000 persons compared with non-LGBT people’s 0.6 per 1,000 persons (odds ratio = 8.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.94, 14.65). LGBT people were more likely to be hate crime victims of sexual orientation or gender bias crime and less likely to be victims of race or ethnicity bias crimes compared to non-LGBT hate crime victims. Compared to non-LGBT victims, LGBT victims of hate crime were more likely to be younger, have a relationship with their assailant, and have an assailant who is white. Compared to LGBT victims of non-hate violence, more LGBT hate crime victims reported experiencing problems in their social lives, negative emotional responses, and physical symptoms of distress. Our findings affirm claims that hate crimes have adverse physical and psychological effects on victims and highlight the need to ensure that LGBT persons who experience hate crime get necessary support and services in the aftermath of the crime.
36
Briones-Robinson, Rhissa, Ràchael A. Powers, and Kelly M. Socia. "Sexual Orientation Bias Crimes." Criminal Justice and Behavior 43, no. 12 (July 28, 2016): 1688–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854816660583.
Full textAbstract:
LGBT hate crimes are typically more violent and involve greater victim injury as compared to other victimizations, but they are substantially underreported. Victim reluctance to contact law enforcement may arise from perceptions of police bias. This study explores victim–police interactions, specifically reporting to the police, perceived police bias among victims who did not report, and differential police behavior among victims who reported. Using multiple years of National Crime Victimization Survey data, sexual orientation bias victimizations are compared with other forms of victimization. Logit regression models are examined before and after the Matthew Shepard Act. The pattern of results indicate that in the years following progressive policy reforms, LGBT bias victims continue to perceive the police as biased. Results do not significantly differ between sexual orientation bias victims and victims of other types of crime regarding police reporting and differential police response. Implications for policing efforts with the LGBT community are discussed.
37
Ahmadi, Ahmad. "The Rights of Victim in the Iranian Code of Criminal Procedure Act 2013." Review of European Studies 8, no. 3 (August 4, 2016): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n3p279.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This study investigates the rights of victim in the light of developments in the Code of Criminal Procedure 2013 in Iran. The victim as one of the pillars of the criminal phenomenon has found its actual and certain situation in criminal policy of communities. Criminal researchers have focused most of their efforts on elements such as crime, offenders, and penalties. But the victim of a crime or crimes often also plays a role in the crime, has been forgotten. With the advent of the knowledge of the victim in recent decades and highlighting human rights issues through the adoption of international and regional documents and regulations on offenders and victims, the ground for serious attention to the position of victims in national criminal justice systems has been provided. Therefore, moral and material support of victims like predicting the Compensation Fund, psychological and medical support are seen in the Iranian Code of Criminal Procedure Act of 2013. This study aims to explain the legal grounds supporting the victims and review and analyze the effects of the rights of this vulnerable group.</p>
38
Ruback, R. Barry, Kim S. Ménard, Maureen C. Outlaw, and Jennifer N. Shaffer. "Normative Advice to Campus Crime Victims: Effects of Gender, Age, and Alcohol." Violence and Victims 14, no. 4 (January 1999): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.14.4.381.
Full textAbstract:
Three studies investigated the appropriateness of calling the police as a function of crime, victim, and subject factors. In particular, the studies focused on whether and how the victim’s consumption of alcohol affected normative advice to report the crime, as opposed to other options. Across the three studies, subjects viewed reporting as more appropriate for female victims, for victims who were 21 or older, and for victims who had not been drinking. In addition, females were more likely than males to believe reporting to the police was appropriate whereas males were more likely than females to favor some type of private action. Subjects viewed reporting as particularly inappropriate when the victim was underage and had been drinking. Results suggest that, because of the perceived stigma attached to victims who have been drinking, even serious victimizations may go unreported.
39
Denkers, Adriaan J. M., and Frans Willem Winkel. "Crime Victims' Well-Being and Fear in a Prospective and Longitudinal Study." International Review of Victimology 5, no. 2 (January 1998): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809800500202.
Full textAbstract:
A study is presented on the influence of criminal victimization on well-being and fear within a nationwide sample of the Dutch population. The study focused on differences between victims and non-victims, and on the causality between crime and psychological upheaval. The design of the study was prospective, it included victims of several crime-types, and a matched sample of non-victims. The reactions of victims were measured before, and within two weeks, one month and two months after the crime. Results indicated that victims of crime systematically report lower levels of well-being, and, to some extent, higher levels of fear. Next, some indications were found supporting the notion that victims of violent crimes suffer more psychological distress than victims of property crimes. And finally, the data imply that, after the incident victims were ‘unhappier’ than non-victims, but, at least partly, already were so before the crime took place.
40
Dunn, Peter. "Developing support service for victims of hate crime." Temida 7, no. 3 (2004): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0403003d.
Full textAbstract:
This article describes the nature and development of Victim Support?s services to victims of hate crime in England and Wales. It provides definitions of hate crime, information about its extent, and considers why services for victims of some forms of hate crime have developed faster than others. It concludes with a summary of points made during a discussion at the 2004 European Forum for Victim Services conference about whether or not services to victims of hate crime should be provided by mainstream victim services or specialist agencies.
41
Wemmers, Jo-Anne. "Victims’ rights are human rights: The importance of recognizing victims as persons." Temida 15, no. 2 (2012): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1202071w.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper the author argues that victims? rights are human rights. Criminal law typically views victims as witnesses to a crime against the state, thus shutting them out of the criminal justice process and only allowing them in when they are needed to testify. This is a major source of dissatisfaction for victims who seek validation in the criminal justice system. Victims are persons with rights and privileges. Crimes constitute violations of their rights as well as acts against society or the state. While human rights instruments, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, do not mention crime victims specifically, a number of rights are identified, which can be viewed from the victim?s perspective. As individuals with dignity, victims have the right to recognition as persons before the law. However, such rights are only meaningful if they can be enforced.
42
Fenwick, Helen. "Charge Bargaining and Sentence Discount: The Victim's Perspective." International Review of Victimology 5, no. 1 (September 1997): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809700500102.
Full textAbstract:
This paper draws attention to the interests of the victim in the criminal justice system in relation to the use of charge bargaining and the sentence discount in UK law. The paper argues that debate in this area tends to assume that these practices, particularly use of the graded sentence discount, are in harmony with the needs of crime control and with the interests of victims, but that they may infringe due process rights. Debate tends to concentrate on the due process implications of such practices, while the ready association of victims' interests with those of crime control tends to preclude consideration of a distinctive victim's perspective. This paper therefore seeks to identify the impact of charge bargaining and the sentence discount on victims in order to identify a particular victim's perspective. It goes on to evaluate measures which would afford it expression including the introduction of victim consultation and participation in charge bargains and discount decisions as proposed under the 1996 Victim's Charter. It will be argued, however, that while this possibility has value, victims' interests might be more clearly served by limiting or abandoning the use of these practices.
43
Chakan, Arron, and Muhammad Fauzan Millenio. "Protection of Cyberbullying Victims in Indonesia (An Overview of Law and Victimology)." Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review 3, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v3i1.53757.
Full textAbstract:
In some cases when the perpetrator of the crime has been sentenced to criminal sanctions, the condition of the victim of the crime is ignored. The issue of justice and respect for human rights in Indonesia does not only apply to perpetrators of crimes, but also victims of crimes. Law enforcement in this country is often colored with things that are contrary to it. Often in people's lives it shows that both justice and respect for human rights have received less serious attention from the government. Stated in Pancasila, as the philosophy of life of the Indonesian people, the issue of humanity and justice has a very important place for the realization of the 2nd Precept, namely just and civilized humanity and the 5th Precept, namely social justice for all Indonesian people. The government in protecting victims is contained in the law specifically regulating witnesses and victims. Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning the Protection of Witnesses and Victims and followed up with Government Regulation Number 44 of 2008 concerning the Provision of Compensation, Restitution, and Assistance to Witnesses and Victims. For parties, both victims and witnesses who feel they are in a very big threat, their testimonies can also be read out in court and can even give written testimony or online with the approval of the judge. Victims in a crime or crime have a much greater vulnerability in suffering losses both physically and psychologically or materially or immaterially.
44
Pawlak, Barbara Jadwiga. "Wykonalność ugody mediacyjnej w sprawach karnych w kontekście idei sprawiedliwości naprawczej." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2018.27.3.109-127.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The European Union is committed to protect and establish minimum standards with regard to victims of crime. Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime. The Directive builds upon the key principle of the ‘role of the victim in the relevant criminal justice system’, so that any victim can rely on the same basic level of rights, regardless of their nationality and country in the EU in which the crime took place. The core objective of this Directive is to assume an individual approach to victims’ needs and to offer protection for victims of certain crimes, in particular, due to the risk of secondary victimisation. In this text, I am going to concentrate on the problem of enforcement of settlements reached in the presence of a mediator and to show samples of the results from qualitative and quantitative studies conducted in Łódź. The research aim is to show that the idea of restorative justice, in the light of the victim’s right to remedy of damage, when the settlement reached in the presence of a mediator is not performed, is fiction because it is only the perpetrator who benefits from the beneficial procedural effects of the settlement while the victim may be subject to secondary victimisation. I’d like to show a few important facts that should be taken into consideration when referring a case to mediation and when conducting a restorative justice process and current practice it in Poland.</p>
45
Tontodonato, Pamela, and Edna Erez. "Crime, Punishment, and Victim Distress." International Review of Victimology 3, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809400300203.
Full textAbstract:
The costs of crime to victims are well-known and research has described the physical, emotional, and financial injuries sustained by crime victims. To date, however, there has been little empirical work which investigates the correlates of victim distress vis-à-vis victim involvement in the criminal justice process. The present study explores the role played by the criminal justice experience in victim distress level and the relative importance of victim, offense, and system participation variables. Multivariate analysis revealed that the level of distress following the victimization is largely a function of offense type, victim perception of sentence severity, and victim demographic characteristics of sex and age. Investigation of the factors predictive of current victim distress level indicated that receiving restitution and the level of distress following the victimization are most important, in addition to the personal characteristics of race and marital status. The implications of these findings for research on victim participation and for policy concerning crime victims are discussed.
46
Parent, Georges-André. "Les médias : source de victimisation." Criminologie 23, no. 2 (August 16, 2005): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017294ar.
Full textAbstract:
With the advent of the Bill of Rights, making the offender less accessible, journalists are falling back more than ever on the victim to feed their daily tales of victimization. The author analyses the various forms this source of victimization takes; for some victims, they are generally crimes that are spectacular and violent, and are often perpetrated against the most susceptible and vulnerable victims. Each type of media (radio, dailies, weeklies, television) represents a particular way of adding to the suffering of the victim, and each has its way of “exploiting” the victim. The victim becomes a tool of the media, both commercially and ideologically, often with the connivance of the police, who also uses the victim for its purposes. The victim is portrayed in stereotype, according to the type of victimization reported and the offender implicated, creating a guilty or innocent victim, and literally depriving him of his own account of his victimization to make it an object of curiosity that sells well. Finally, the author analyzes how the police and the media, by interaction, can exploit the victim under the pretext of prevention or crime control and even through certain phenomena such as the reporting of crime waves promoting fear of crime. The article concludes that the media should have more respect for victims of crime.
47
Ready, Justin, David Weisburd, and Graham Farrell. "The Role of Crime Victims in American Policing: Findings from a National Survey of Police and Victim Organizations." International Review of Victimology 9, no. 2 (September 2002): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800200900206.
Full textAbstract:
The role of victims in enhancing community policing has received little scholarly attention. This paper adds to the current state of knowledge about the role of victims in policing and the relationship between victim organizations and police departments as part of community policing. Relying upon a national survey of police departments and victim organizations carried out by the Police Foundation and the National Center for Victims of Crime, we present a broad snapshot of community policing partnerships that draw from the experience and knowledge of victims and victim service providers. Our research indicates that while a majority of police executives believe there are benefits to involving victims in community policing, most also report that when it comes to problem solving and crime prevention it is more useful for officers to interact with community members without special attention to who has been a crime victim. Regardless of this view, a large proportion of police agencies report supporting abroad set of practices that focus on crime victims. Finally, our study reinforces the position that the broad approach and policies of a police agency toward victims play a central role in the development of partnerships between police and victim organizations.
48
Soepadmo, Nurianto Rachmad. "Dimension of Justice in Restorative Justice Paradigm in the Criminal System for Sexual Violence in Indonesia." EU agrarian Law 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eual-2020-0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The act of sexual violence is a crime that is classified as a violation of human rights (HAM). The increase number of sexual violence cases in the world, including Indonesia, shows that the current justice system is unable to guarantee justice for victims, and most importantly recovery for victims. For this reason, a justice restoration approach is needed as an alternative in law enforcement against sexual crimes. Practically, marriage used as a way to approach justice restoration. This article used normative and juridical approach to discuss law enforcement on sexual crimes through restorative justice approach. It can be concluded that law enforcement on sexual crimes should observe based on criminology, victimology and ontology aspects, in order to be able to place the problem objectively. As a complaint offense, sexual crimes may not be passed on to criminal process, if there is peace between the victim and the perpetrator, provided that there is an agreement among the victim, perpetrator, family and society without coercion from various parties. The main focus in restorative justice of sexual crimes is to provide protection and assistance to victims from various parties, thus, the victims can be released from trauma or psychological impact that caused by sexual violence experienced by the victim or the impact received after the occurrence of sexual crime.
49
Dinh, Thi Mai. "The Rights of Victims in Viet Nam." Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 17, no. 1 (June 15, 2016): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718158-01701006.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the rights of victims of crime in the Vietnamese criminal justice system. It aims to evaluate how crime victims are treated by looking at both legal regulations on crime victims’ rights protection and victims’ personal experiences of rights. This article will answer two questions: (i) what rights do crime victims have under Vietnamese Law; and (ii) how do they exercise their rights in practice? Data related to victims’ rights experiences is collected from 312 court judgments, three court observations, three victim interviews and three other interviews from 2008 to 2013. The research found that the Vietnamese criminal justice system provides weak legal protection of crime victims’ rights and victims’ rights that have tended to be neglected in criminal proceedings. The author proposes some suggestions to better amend the system of criminal procedure law and promote victims’ rights in practice.
50
Balemba, Samantha, and Eric Beauregard. "What leads victims to resist? Factors that influence victim resistance in sexual assaults." Journal of Criminal Psychology 9, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-05-2019-0014.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeVictim resistance has been shown to have an important impact on the outcome of sexual assaults. Thus, the factors that affect a victim’s likelihood of various levels of resistance are relevant to consider, given the possibly detrimental effect these actions can have on crime outcome. While not intended to blame the victim in any way, it is important to examine the role the victim plays within a sexually coercive interchange in order to completely understand the sex crime event and, thus, be able to inform potential victims as to the patterns that increase resistance and, potentially, overall violence. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachSequential logistic regression analyses were conducted on a sample of 613 sex offenses (incorporating both adult and child victims) to examine the individual and combined effects of offender lifestyle, disinhibitors, victim vulnerability, situational impediments and offender modus operandi on victim resistance levels.FindingsResults suggest that indicators of offender mindset are significant, particularly the use of pornography prior to the crime, and affect victim interpretation and response to the offender’s actions during the course of the assault. Other relevant factors include the victim’s age and the degree of violence present in the offender’s approach and subsequent offending strategies.Originality/valueThis information would be helpful to incorporate into victim education programs so that past and future potential victims can better understand the criminal event and the causes and effects of their own actions within that event.