Journal articles on the topic 'Victims in Literature'
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1
Shinkarenko, Inna, and Nataliya Davydova. "Socio-psychological structure problems of crime victim personality." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 5, no. 5 (December 30, 2020): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-5-359-366.
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The article deals with highlighting the victim of the crime role and the victim's personality socio-psychological structure. Victimology, which emerged at the legal and social psychology intersection, has to identify qualitative and quantitative characteristics and other issues related to the personality and physical, moral or property damage victim’s behavior. In the course of the research, the definitions of victimhood available in the scientific literature are analyzed, and several main approaches to this phenomenon are identified. Becouse of existing scientific opinion generalization, the work defines victimhood as a potential ability to be a victim of a crime as a result of negative personal qualities interaction with external factors, as well as the some people tendency to become the victims of a crime.
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Adiningsih, Aprilia Putri, and Ridwan Arifin. "Victims of Rape and The Legal Protection: Problems and Challenges in The Victimological Studies." Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review 3, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v3i1.56688.
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Victims of the crime of rape have not received optimal legal protection, even though they have been legally protected through the Law on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims, the Law on Child Protection, or the Law on the Elimination of Domestic Violence. However, the concept of Indonesian criminal law, which focuses more on punishing and deterring criminals, has not been able to accommodate the rights of victims, especially in cases of certain crimes such as rape. In the case of rape, the victim receives an immaterial loss (loss of honor) which is legally difficult to materialize, so that the punishment is limited to imprisonment and a fine which is not sufficient to restore the victim's loss and restore the victim's trauma. This study aims to analyze the protection of victims of rape crime in the perspective of victimology and law. This study uses a normative legal approach, literature review and legal analysis. This study found that the juridical sera, the protection of victims of crime, including victims of rape, has been regulated by the state through several laws. The rights of victims have also been mentioned, ranging from restitution, to recovery of victims' losses and trauma. However, in cases of rape, victims are often dissatisfied with the punishment given to the perpetrators of this crime.
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Koegler, Dr Erica, Dr Claire Wood, Lilly Bahlinger, and Dr Sharon Johnson. "Traffickers’ Use of Substances to Recruit and Control Victims of Domestic Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in the American Midwest." Anti-Trafficking Review, no. 18 (April 19, 2022): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14197/atr.201222187.
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This paper describes how traffickers use substances to recruit and control victims of domestic trafficking for sexual exploitation, as reported by service providers working with trafficking survivors in the American Midwest. This data was derived from interviews with 15 service providers in a major metropolitan area. Findings revealed consistencies with previous literature and new insights into the trafficker- substance use dynamic. Traffickers’ use of substances with victims was pervasive when trafficking was for the purpose of sex but not other labour. There were several examples of how traffickers use substances for victim exploitation and recruitment. These include using substances to ensure a victim is in a euphoric mood prior to sex work, to reward victim sex work productivity, and to initiate withdrawal effects to demonstrate the traffickers’ supreme control. Novel findings include how and why traffickers might deny victim use of substances and how they might give substances to victims without the victim’s knowledge. Implications for how these findings can be utilised for victim treatment and for future research are discussed.
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Dhaka, Poonam, Elsche Magdalena Kalola, and Sanmari Steenkamp. "Attitudes toward rape victims among University of Namibia students." Journal for Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/.v8i2.1515.
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A common misunderstanding about rape is that the perpetrator is driven by a sexual desire motivated by the victim’s seductive dressing or behaviour. The damaging impact of rape on the victim not only affects the victim’s emotional, psychological and physical state, but its ripple effects impact the larger systems of families, friends and life partners. The literature on studies of attitudes toward rape shows that there is an overall negative attitude towards rape victims leading to discrimination, stigma and, consequently, under-reporting of rape. The main focus of the present study was to investigate university students’ attitude toward rape victims. Furthermore, the study sought to explore gender differences in acceptance of rape victims. A convenience sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 131 students between the ages of 19-38 years. The sociodemographic questionnaire and Attitudes Towards Rape Victims Scale (ATRVS) were self-administered to collect quantitative data and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The results indicate that male students have significantly higher unfavourable attitudes towards rape victims in comparison to females. Most of the rape victims are judged by what they wear and their location. However, both genders showed an acceptance of rape victims, even though a small number of males indicated “mildly disagree” on the scale. To be effective at reducing victimization, results strongly suggest rape awareness programs and interventions targeting society’s attitude and ways of dealing with a victim. Without community involvement and change in societal attitudes toward rape, legal policies will remain ineffective.
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Mohan, Tharishini A/p Mana, and Abu Yazid Abu Bakar. "A systematic literature review on the effects of bullying at school." SCHOULID: Indonesian Journal of School Counseling 6, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23916/08747011.
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Bullying is a severe problem that is experienced, especially in schools. Children belong to the same social group, but some feel powerful than others and therefore take advantage of them to physically or verbally abuse them. Many institutions are aware, but most cases are not handled because most victims do not report. Therefore, only physical bullying is addressed as the impacts can be easily seen by adults. Various articles were analyzed to illustrate the different effects of bullying on the bully, the victim, and those around. The results demonstrate that bullying results in emotional, physical, and health effects and affects a victim's academic performance.
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Tanasale, Christy, Elsa Rina Maya Toule, and Margie Gladies Sopacua. "Peran Korban Pemerkosaan Dalam Membantu Proses Penyidikan." TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i1.1554.
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Introduction: Rape is one of the most common crimes in society.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to analyze and discuss the role of the victim in revealing the perpetrators of the crime of rape in the investigation stage and legal protection for victims of rape in the investigation process. Methods of the Research: In this legal research, the author uses normative juridical legal research which obtains data from literature studies in the form of laws, documents, books, magazines and other literature related to writing.Results of the Research: The results of this study indicate that the role of rape victims in the investigation stage is when the victim dares to report, the victim is open and the victim is cooperative and the victim includes clear information, because the role of the victim is very influential in the investigation process. For this reason, there is legal protection for rape victims, where victims get legal protection which is quite clearly stated in Law Number 31 of 2014. As well as other protections such as Juridical Protection, Psychological Protection and Social Protection. So, the authorities can take protective measures for victims and sanctions for perpetrators in accordance with the provisions of applicable regulations.
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Wahanani, Sri Tatmala, Ira Alia Maerani, and Siti Ummu Adillah. "The Legal Analysis of Age Limitations of Child Victims on Criminal Actions in Justice Perspective." Law Development Journal 4, no. 3 (August 17, 2022): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ldj.4.3.416-422.
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The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the impact of changes in the age limit of child victims, provisions for the age limit of child victims in Islamic law and age limits for victims of crimes of decency with justice. The approach method in this study uses a doctrinal research method (juridical normative) and a legal psychological approach method, with a descriptive analytical research specification. In collecting data used literature study method with qualitative data analysis. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the change in the age limit of child victims in positive law in Indonesia in 2002 from 15 (fifteen) to 18 (eighteen) years had an impact on increasing the number of cases of decency crimes. Even criminal acts of decency are dominated on the basis of reports from the parents of the victim's child who do not approve of the courtship (consensual) relationship between the victim's child and the perpetrator of the crime of decency. This has implications for the conscience of justice for law enforcement officers to demand or make decisions against the perpetrators, there is a sense of injustice, there is a sense of inadequacy when they have to demand or impose punishment, because actually the crime was also desired by the victim. So for the sake of realizing justice, the age of the child victim of 18 (eighteen) years needs to be reconsidered for revision or change.
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Mozin, Nopiana, Lucyane Djaafar, and Risha Safitri Ibrahimr. "Legal Protection of Women and Children Victims of Sexual Violence in Gorontalo City Police." LEGAL BRIEF 12, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/legal.v12i1.758.
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Legal protection in Indonesia is given to everyone based on equal rights and obligations as well as standing before the law. In this case, women and children are given extra legal protection because they are vulnerable to becoming victims of violence. In Gorontalo itself, the number of sexual violence increases every year. This is corroborated by the findings of cases of sexual violence from November 2019 to 2022, namely 105 cases. Regarding protection, the Gorontalo City Police Women's and Children's Service Unit has a role in protecting against all forms of violence, especially sexual violence. Sexual violence is defined as forced sex that can be performed by anyone who does not care about their relationship with the victim. The method used in this research is qualitative analysis, where research findings are obtained from literature research, document studies, and interviews. The purpose of this research is to find out legal protection efforts for women and children who are victims of sexual violence in Gorontalo and what are the inhibiting factors for legal protection for children and women who are victims of sexual violence themselves. In the findings of this study, legal protection for women and children who were victims of sexual violence, namely that victims immediately received assistance from the Integrated Service Center for Empowerment of women and children (P2TP2A) at the Gorontalo City Police in the initial process. Assistance is focused on the mental and psychological health of the victim. After that, if the victim is not satisfied with the process, the Integrated Women and Children Empowerment Service Center (P2TP2A) will assist the victim in submitting a report to the National Police so that it is followed up through the court process. The inhibiting factors found in this study were the victim's uncooperativeness in providing information due to mental disturbances due to trauma, as well as the location of the victim's house which was quite far away in terms of the process of providing legal protection itself.
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Abrams, Karen M., and Gail Erlick Robinson. "Stalking Part II: Victims' Problems with the Legal System and Therapeutic Considerations." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 5 (June 1998): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804300505.
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Objective: This paper is the second of 2 parts reviewing the topic of stalking. It focuses on victims' difficulties with the legal system and the psychotherapeutic tasks for victims and therapists. Method: Computerized literature searches were used to identify relevant papers from psychiatric and legal journals. Publications by victims' and women's organizations provided additional information. Results: Victims suffer emotional consequences from being stalked. Additional stress is caused by the legal system's lack of understanding of the causes and consequences of stalking and inadequate and unenforced laws. The treatment of victims requires a comprehensive approach, including education, supportive psychotherapy, and discussion of practical measures. Therapists may over identify with the patient's powerlessness or hesitate to take on a case out of fear of the stalker. Female therapists may protect themselves against the realization of their own vulnerability by blaming the victim, while male therapists may feel defensive or overprotective. Conclusion: Stalking is a crime with major mental health consequences which is often poorly understood by society. Therapists need to be aware of the victim's emotional reactions, the types of legal and practical supports available, and the possible biases of society. Further education and research should be encouraged.
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Malamut, Sarah T., Molly Dawes, Yvonne van den Berg, Tessa A. M. Lansu, David Schwartz, and Antonius H. N. Cillessen. "Adolescent Victim Types Across the Popularity Status Hierarchy: Differences in Internalizing Symptoms." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 50, no. 12 (September 28, 2021): 2444–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01498-w.
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AbstractPrevious studies have called attention to the fact that popular youth are not immune to peer victimization, suggesting there is heterogeneity in the popularity of victims. Yet, no study to date has determined whether victims with different levels of popularity status can be identified using person-oriented analysis. Such analysis is critically needed to confirm the existence of popular victims. Further, there remains a paucity of research on internalizing indices of such popular victims, especially compared to other victim and non-victim groups. To address this gap in the research literature, the current study used latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of victims based on victimization (self- and peer-report) and popularity (peer-report). This study sought to verify the existence of popular victims and to compare victim subgroups on loneliness and self-esteem. Participants were 804 Dutch adolescents (50.2% boys, Mage = 13.65 years, ranging from 11.29 to 16.75 years). The results revealed six subgroups, including a group of popular self-identified victims. Popular self-identified victims were generally less lonely than other victims, but had higher loneliness and lower self-esteem than non-victims. Implications are discussed for understanding the victimization experiences of high-status youth.
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Sheridan, Lorraine P., Adrian C. North, and Adrian J. Scott. "Experiences of Stalking in Same-Sex and Opposite-Sex Contexts." Violence and Victims 29, no. 6 (2014): 1014–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00072.
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Most stalking literature reports on male stalkers and female victims. This work examines stalking experiences in 4 sex dyads: male stalker–female victim, female stalker–male victim, female–female dyads, and male–male dyads. Respondents were 872 self-defined victims of stalking from the United Kingdom and the United States who completed an anonymous survey. The study variables covered the process of stalking, effects on victims and third parties, and victim responses to stalking. Approximately 10% of comparisons were significant, indicating that sex of victim and stalker is not a highly discriminative factor in stalking cases. Female victims of male stalkers were most likely to suffer physical and psychological consequences. Female victims reported more fear than males did, and most significant differences conformed to sex role stereotypes. Earlier work suggested stalker motivation and prior victim–stalker relationship as important variables in analyses of stalking, but these did not prove significant in this work, perhaps because of sampling differences.
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Plummer, Malory, and Annie Cossins. "The Cycle of Abuse: When Victims Become Offenders." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 19, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 286–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838016659487.
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Various psychological theories exist in the literature to explain the behavior of men who commit child sex offences, including the belief that child sexual abuse (CSA) is a predisposing factor for the transition from victim to offender. These theories are, however, unable to explain the fact that while most victims of CSA are female, most perpetrators of CSA are male. The sex specificity of CSA in terms of victims and offenders suggests that the experience of CSA and its psychosocial effects may be different for boys, compared to girls. We hypothesize that CSA experiences may involve risk factors that affect the development of sexually abusive behavior for boys, rather than girls. Our aim was to determine whether the literature provides evidence of a cycle of abuse from victim to offender, and, if so, to document its characteristics. We undertook a comprehensive literature review of studies on both victims and offenders, including studies which revealed the following: age of onset of CSA, duration of abuse, gender of the abuser, the relationship between victim and abuser, grooming behaviors, the types and severity of abuse, and disclosure of abuse. While we found no evidence for the existence of a cycle of abuse for female CSA victims, we discovered evidence to support the existence of a cycle of abuse for male CSA victims who had experienced particular abuse characteristics. As an original contribution to the literature, we identified four factors that may be associated with a boy’s transition from victim to offender as well as the methodological issues to be addressed in future research. Based on criminological theories, we argue that these four factors share a common theme, that is, that they represent experiences of power (for the abuser) and powerlessness (for the victim).
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Suwito, Edy, and Mulyadi Aribowo. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA PEMERKOSAAN DALAM PERADILAN PIDANA." MIZAN, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/mizan.v8i1.496.
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This study aims to determine the extent to which legal protection and obstacles faced against the victims of rape in criminal justice in Blitar district court. The context of legal protection against victims of crime (criminal act of rape) is by preventive or repressive efforts conducted by both society and law enforcement officers such as providing protection from various threats that can endanger the life of the victim.
The research used is juridical normative and juridical empirical research. Research location in Blitar District Court. The materials used in literature study are data collection through literature study, and field research involves interviewing informant.
Based on the result of the research, the researcher got the answer that, the legal protection against the victims of criminal act of rape in criminal court in Blitar state court still caused many difficulties in settling either at the investigation stage until the victim was present in the court, because the psychic pressure in victims questioned. This of course affects the mental / psychological development of the victims and also affects the law enforcement process itself to bring about a sense of justice for victims and society.
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Li, Yingying. "Improvement of the Criminal Victim Assistance System." Journal of Innovation and Development 3, no. 2 (June 6, 2023): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jid.v3i2.9483.
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Improving China's criminal victim assistance system is an important part of protecting the rights and interests of criminal victims, realizing the inherent value of the legal system, protecting human rights, and is also a necessary condition for further strengthening China's legal system. This paper discusses the concept and characteristics of criminal victims, as well as the rescue work for crime victims. It studies and analyzes the construction and operation of China's criminal victim system, and discusses legal formality, protection of victim rights, rescue, fundraising, procedural issues, and how to improve China's criminal victim assistance system. This paper adopts comparative analysis and literature analysis methods to analyze the current situation and shortcomings of the existing system by analyzing criminal assistance to victims, and to draw on mature and positive experiences in foreign criminal victim legislation to propose suggestions for improving China's criminal victim assistance system.
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Jeandarme, Inge, Laura Vandenbosch, Marc Groenhuijsen, T. I. Oei, and Stefan Bogaerts. "Who Are the Victims of NGRI Acquittees? A Study of Belgian Internees." Violence and Victims 34, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 434–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-16-00197.
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BackgroundThe limited literature on victim characteristics of offenders found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) shows that most victims are adults who are known to the offender. It is currently unclear whether victims are mainly male or female or whether there are differences in the type of victims according to the offenders' psychiatric disorder.MethodVictim characteristics were retrospectively collected from 362 NGRI acquittees, and the influence of psychiatric diagnoses on victim profiles was examined.ResultsVictims were mainly adult acquaintances and were equally likely to be male or female. Family members and caregivers were the most frequent type of acquaintance victims. Further analyses suggest that these victim characteristics are similar for perpetrators with different psychiatric diagnoses.ConclusionVictimization of strangers and minors was unlikely in NGRI offenders.
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Chankova, Dobrinka, and Valmora Gogo. "Does Society Nurture a Sense of Victimhood? Bulgarian and Albanian Discourse." Balkanistic Forum 33, no. 1 (January 10, 2024): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v33i1.7.
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With the rise of the crime rate, the number of direct victims increases, in parallel with the secondary victims. This article explores the state-of-art of victimisation and victim-related policies and practices in Bulgaria and Albania. The role of state agencies, non-governmental organisations, media and civil society in preventing and respond-ing to victimisation is under scrutiny. The focus is on the victim's culture, mentality and sense of victimhood. Based on the findings of empirical studies launched in both countries, recommendations for improving the victimogenic status quo are developed.
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Naiden, F. S. "THE SWORD DID IT: A GREEK EXPLANATION FOR SUICIDE." Classical Quarterly 65, no. 1 (April 2, 2015): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838814000858.
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The people of classical Athens did not regard suicide as a crime committed by the victim. Instead, the Athenians regarded suicide as a crime committed by the instrument that the victim used, or by the victim's hand as opposed to the victim himself. This non-human agent was culpable, just like non-human agents were blamed for accidental deaths. Although suicide victims were innocent, inanimate agents were guilty. In Sophocles'Ajax, for example, the sword that the hero turned upon himself was blamed for his death. The Athenian response to suicide was more about objects than it was about people.
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Adnan, Muhammad Luthfi, Niufti Ayu Dewi Mahila, and Syamsu Tatang Triyuwanto. "The Role of Visum et Repertum and Clinical Examination in Sexual Violence Cases: A Literature Review." Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences (IJLFS) 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijlfs.2024.v14.i01.p06.
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Background: Physical examination of victims of sexual violence is required for the preparation of a visum et repertum as evidence in trial. This review aims to discuss the role of Visum et Repertum and clinical examination of victims who have experienced sexual violence. Method: The literature search was carried out through an electronic search engine with keywords related to the purpose of the review. Discussion: Visum et Repertum is one of the pieces of evidence to reveal the incidence of sexual violence experienced by the victim. In handling cases of sexual violence, a doctor must understand his role as a medical professional to help disclose cases. Physicians must carry out the necessary clinical examinations to be able to interpret their findings into the Visum et Repertum requested by the police. Also, a physician has a role to help the patient's recovery by providing treatment so that the victim can recover from the trauma experienced by the victim due to sexual violence. Understanding the role of physicians in handling cases of sexual violence can help many parties to reveal cases of sexual violence and reduce the burden on sexual violence victims.
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Isnaini, Yun Frida, Abdul Haris Semendawai, and Syarif Fadillah. "IMPEMENTASI PEMBERIAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA TERORISME BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 31 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN SAKSI DAN KORBAN." Jurnal Hukum Jurisdictie 2, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34005/jhj.v2i1.21.
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Yun Frida Isnaini, 1220160023, The Implementation of Compensation for Victims of CriminalActs Terrorism According to concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims Law Number 31 of2014. Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam As-Syafi’iyah, 2020. This study elaborate on theprotection of victims of terrorism according to the Protection of Witnesses and Victims Law. Thisstudy aims to determine that there is a need for compensation for victims of criminal acts ofterrorism in Indonesia, as well as for criminal acts of terrorism to be compensated based on thelaws in Indonesia. The research was conducted by analyzing court decisions. In addition, theauthor also conducts literature studies by examining books, literature, and invitation regulationsrelated to the problems that the author discusses in this thesis. The results of the research showthat: (1) The mechanism for providing compensation by the Witness and Victim Protection Agencythrough court decisions, (2) Compensation is a form of state responsibility for victims of criminalacts of terrorism.
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Hipple, Natalie Kroovand, Kristina J. Thompson, Beth M. Huebner, and Lauren A. Magee. "Understanding Victim Cooperation in Cases of Nonfatal Gun Assaults." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 12 (May 16, 2019): 1793–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819848806.
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Victims play a central role in criminal case processing, but research suggests many victims do not report crimes to police or cooperate in a police investigation. This study extends the literature on victim cooperation by examining the effect of incident-level variables and neighborhood characteristics on victim cooperation in nonfatal shooting incidents. The sample includes 1,054 nonfatal shooting victims from two Midwestern cities. Results using binary logistic regression suggest that incident and victim characteristics are significantly associated with cooperation, but race conditions the effect of injury severity and motive on cooperation. The willingness to cooperate among Whites is contingent on injury severity while non-White victims do not become markedly more cooperative when confronted with serious injury. Race also moderates the relationship between crime motive and cooperation. This work demonstrates the need to incorporate nonfatal firearm violence into studies of victim cooperation and gun crime more broadly.
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Wemmers, Jo-Anne. "Victims in the Dutch Criminal Justice System: The effects of Treatment on Victims’ Attitudes and Compliance." International Review of Victimology 3, no. 4 (January 1995): 323–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809500300405.
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The present study attempts to address the question of how victim notification influences the relationship between victims and the criminal justice system. It examines empirically the effects of victim notification on their satisfaction with the performance of the public prosecution, their feelings of obligation to obey the law and law-abiding behavior. It does so by reporting the results of a survey that was conducted as part of the evaluation of new measures to improve the position of victims within the criminal justice system, which are currently being introduced in the Netherlands. Procedures that allow the passive participation of victims in the criminal justice procedure are judged to be more fair than procedures which exclude victims. Moreover, how victims are treated by the prosecution has a significant impact on their subsequent attitudes towards authorities and their law abiding behaviour. Following a review of the literature concerning the impact of victim participation in the criminal justice system and a description of recent developments in the treatment of victims in the Dutch criminal procedure, the method and results of the present study are described. The paper closes with a discussion of the findings and their implications for victim policy.
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Setyani, Wahyu Rida, and Kristiyadi Kristiyadi. "PEMENUHAN HAK RESTITUSI TERHADAP ANAK KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA EKSPLOITASI EKONOMI DAN SEKSUAL." Verstek 9, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jv.v9i4.72429.
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<p><em>This article analyzes the fulfillment of the right of restitution for child victims who are victims of criminal acts of economic and sexual exploitation. The purpose of this article is to find out the fulfillment of the right of restitution for victims of the crime of economic and sexual exploitation of children based on the study of decision number: 331/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Yyk. This article is a normative legal research with a prescriptive nature and uses primary and secondary legal materials. The technique for collecting legal materials is to use a literature study with a case approach. The analysis technique used is the syllogistic method using a deductive mindset. The results of the research show that the victim's child gets the fulfillment of the right of restitution in the amount of IDR 81,650,000.-. The Yogykarta District Court judge's decision has an element of legal certainty, because the charges that have been put forward before the trial are proven legally and convincingly for the judge in making his decision. The judge's decision also reflects a sense of justice, it is said that because of the impact it has on the victim, namely the victim has to pay for medical treatment and the psychological impact has been balanced by a criminal decision that has stipulated the granting of restitution to the victim's child.</em></p><p><em><strong>Keyword:</strong> <a href="/verstek/article/view/72429">Exploitation; Restitution; Victim</a><br /></em></p>
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Suchmasasi, Yudha, Bambang Utoyo Sutiyoso, and Ani Agus Puspawati. "The Analysis of Recovery Implementation for Domestic Violence Victims." Journal of Research in Social Science And Humanities 1, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47679/jrssh.v1i2.12.
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In Indonesia, the most common forms of domestic violence experienced are physical, sexual, psychological and economic neglect. As a result, it can cause physical and psychological injuries. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the victim's recovery in order to strengthen the victim to be more empowered, both physically and psychologically. This article aims to describe and analyze the recovery implementation for domestic violence victims in Indonesia using the literature review method. The recovery implementation of domestic violence victims is carried out by building communication between relevant stakeholders so that cooperation is established in providing services to victims of domestic violence in accordance with their respective duties and responsibilities. The participation of external parties such as NGOs or women's organizations can assist in providing protection and assistance so that victims can still benefit from the policy even though there are still limitations from the government. The benefits of counseling services can help victims to grow confidence in living life. Empowerment through training can provide provisions for a more independent life. Obstacles faced by the government include: limited budget for handling cases of violence, especially violence against women; the number of assistants and counselors in some areas is still lacking; many room of special service facilities are inadequate and the distribution of safe houses is not evenly distributed in each area.
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Nurjaini, Nurjaini, and Mar’ie Mahfudz Harahap. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Tindak Pidana Pelecehan Seksual." Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum dan Politik Islam 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2023): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30863/ajmpi.v8i2.5101.
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This research analyzes the legal protection for child victims of sexual abuse in Indonesia. Using a normative approach and literature review, this study aims to understand the legal protection provided to child victims of sexual abuse, the factors influencing sexual abuse against children, and efforts to prevent such criminal acts. The research reveals that Indonesia has a responsibility to protect child victims of crimes. Law Number 35 of 2014 on Child Protection provides the basis for protection, including the rights of children, protection from violence and discrimination, and the fulfillment of their dignity. Special protection is given to child victims of sexual abuse through rehabilitation, protection of the victim's identity, safety guarantees for victim witnesses, and accessibility to case developments. Criminal punishment for perpetrators of child sexual abuse is regulated by laws and the Criminal Code. In handling cases of sexual abuse, the role of forensic medicine is crucial in gathering necessary evidence. The principle of diversion is also applied in handling cases involving juvenile perpetrators of sexual violence. Serious coordination among the police, prosecutors, and judges is required to eradicate sexual abuse crimes against children. In conclusion, this research presents an overview of the legal protection for child victims of sexual abuse in Indonesia. Ongoing efforts are being made to strengthen protection and prevent these crimes through inter-agency coordination and effective law enforcement
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O. Oyewole, Oriola. "DELINEATING THE RHETORIC? THE INTERSECTION OF RETRIBUTIVE AND RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN INTERNATIONAL SENTENCING." PETITA: JURNAL KAJIAN ILMU HUKUM DAN SYARIAH 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/petita.v7i2.145.
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A large and growing body of literature has investigated victim participation at the International Criminal Court. Hence, an increasing body of published studies describes victims' role during victim participation and its evolution. However, literature is scarce on managing victims' rights and interests during sentencing and the impact of victims' involvement on sentencing decisions. For example, victims have interests in reparations, justice, truth and sentencing. The knowledge of restorative justice in criminal sentencing is important for an understanding of how victims navigate criminal trials, especially regarding their perceptions of the sentencing. Using a case analysis, this article critically examines the interaction of retributive and restorative justice vis-à-vis victims position during sentence hearings and reviews.
Abstrak: Sejumlah besar literatur telah menyelidiki partisipasi korban di Pengadilan Kriminal Internasional. Oleh karena itu, semakin banyak penelitian yang diterbitkan menggambarkan peran korban selama partisipasi korban dan evolusinya. Namun, literatur tentang pengelolaan hak dan kepentingan korban selama hukuman dan dampak keterlibatan korban pada keputusan hukuman masih terbatas. Misalnya, korban memiliki kepentingan dalam reparasi, keadilan, kebenaran dan hukuman. Pengetahuan tentang keadilan restoratif dalam pemidanaan penting untuk memahami bagaimana korban menjalani persidangan pidana, terutama mengenai persepsi mereka tentang hukuman. Dengan menggunakan analisis kasus, artikel ini secara kritis mengkaji interaksi keadilan retributif dan restoratif vis-à-vis posisi korban selama pemeriksaan dan peninjauan hukuman.
Kata Kunci: Hukuman Internasional, Pemidanaan, Reintegrasi, Korban, Pengurangan Hukuman, Keadilan Restoratif.
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Neal, Angela M., and Katie M. Edwards. "Perpetrators’ and Victims’ Attributions for IPV: A Critical Review of the Literature." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 18, no. 3 (September 6, 2015): 239–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838015603551.
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Research shows that there are a variety of reasons why people self-report engaging in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, but few studies report victims’ attributions for their partners’ IPV perpetration. Because there are two acting partners in relationships, as well as the IPV incidents that occur in the relationships, to fully understand the dynamics of IPV, both partners’ perceptions of why the incidents occur must be understood. The authors of this article systematically reviewed the available empirical evidence regarding male and female perpetrators’ endorsed attributions for their IPV perpetration, as well victims’ attributions for their partners’ IPV perpetration. Several literature databases were explored, resulting in 50 articles that met the criteria for inclusion in this review. IPV perpetrators’ commonly endorsed attributions for physical and psychological IPV consisted of control, anger, retaliation, self-defense, to get attention, and an inability to express oneself verbally. Research has not examined endorsed attributions for coercive control. The few studies examining attributions for sexual IPV found that it was attributed to dominance or hedonism. Themes regarding victims’ attributions were largely similar to those of the perpetrators, however, there were some differences. Victims’ attributions for physical IPV perpetration consisted of anger, control, jealousy, and the influence of drugs/alcohol, which are similar to perpetrators’ self-reported attributions for engaging in IPV perpetration. Victims’ attributions for their partners’ psychological IPV perpetration consisted of the perpetrator’s personality, relationship dissolution, alcohol, and their partners’ jealousy. Victims’ attributions for their partners’ sexual IPV perpetration, however, differed from perpetrators’ attributions, consisting of the victim believing that the perpetrator thought they wanted it, being under the influence of alcohol/drugs, and doing it out of love. Methodological inconsistencies, directions for future research, and treatment implications are also discussed.
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Musyafa'ah, Nur Lailatul, Ahlam Nugraha, Muhammad Ilham Akbar, and Cecep Soleh Kurniawan. "Protection of Sexual Violence Victims from the Perspective of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah." Islamica: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 18, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 134–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2023.18.1.134-156.
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The Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) in Indonesia plays a crucial role in safeguarding individuals affected by sexual violence. This article evaluates the LPSK’s authority in protecting sexual violence witnesses and victims through the lens of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Employing a normative research approach, laws and regulations relevant to witness and victim protection were analyzed. Data, gathered via literature review, underwent deductive analysis. The study highlights that LPSK’s authority is governed by Laws No. 13/2006 (amended to No. 31/2014) on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims and Law No. 12/2022 on Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence. While these laws establish a vital framework for safeguarding sexual violence victims, their execution reveals notable weaknesses. To achieve the highest realization of maslaḥah in maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, enhancing the protection of witnesses and victims is imperative. LPSK should focus on five key aspects: ḥifẓ al-dīn (protecting victims in accordance with God’s commandments, ḥifẓ al-nafs (providing medical protection, ḥifẓ al-nasl (administering punishment to perpetrators violating victims’ dignity, ḥifẓ al-'aql (imparting knowledge about victims’ rights, and ḥifẓ al-māl (supporting victims in obtaining restitution or material needs.
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Smith, Brent L., John J. Sloan, and Richard M. Ward. "Public Support for the Victims' Rights Movement: Results of a Statewide Survey." Crime & Delinquency 36, no. 4 (October 1990): 488–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128790036004004.
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The literature on the victims' rights movement has been largely anecdotal, and little empirical evidence has been produced about who supports victims' rights. This article examines the extent of public support for several programs regularly appearing in proposed victim legislation. Path analytic procedures were used to test variation in support by age, race, sex, education, income, and victimization experience. The results indicate that victimization experience and education were most strongly associated with support for the victims' rights programs examined. Race, on the other hand, was not significantly related to support for victims' rights when other variables were controlled.
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Badrudduja, Ataka, and Yeni Widowaty. "Analisis Pemenuhan Hak Atas Restitusi Terhadap Anak Sebagai Korban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual." Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (IJCLC) 4, no. 2 (September 20, 2023): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/ijclc.v4i2.19115.
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Sexual violence against children can have complex impacts, including physical and non-physical loss and suffering. Children who experience sexual violence need to be protected and recovered psychologically and socially. A form of legal protection for children as victims can be in the form of restitution charged to the perpetrator to fulfill the rights of children as victims. This research aims to find out how the implementation of the right to restitution for children as victims of criminal acts of sexual violence is implemented and how judges consider in making decisions that include requests for restitution for children as victims of criminal acts of sexual violence in the jurisdiction of the Bantul District Court. This research uses a type of juridical-empirical legal research and uses interviews and literature study as data collection techniques. There were 35 cases of criminal acts of sexual violence against children at the Bantul District Court from 2020 to 2022, but only 7 cases included a request for restitution against the victim in the prosecution, and there was 1 case where the judge rejected the request for restitution. In 6 cases where restitution was granted, the victim's right to restitution was not fulfilled because the defendant did not have the good faith to pay restitution.
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Aldila, Arif Rahman, and Budi Bahreisy. "Legal Protection Of Emergency Contact Victims In Online Loan Agreements." Proceedings of Malikussaleh International Conference on Law, Legal Studies and Social Science (MICoLLS) 2 (December 27, 2022): 00007. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/micolls.v2i.77.
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Emergency contact is an emergency telephone number given by the debtor (money borrower) to the creditor (money lender through the application) if one day the debtor cannot or is not smooth in making payments, the emergency contact number will be contacted by the application service . This study aims to find out and explain the legal rules regarding online loan agreements in Indonesia and to find out and explain legal protection for emergency contact victims in cases of giving phone numbers without the victim’s knowledge in online loan agreements. In handling this case regarding the interests of the victim, it is time for special attention to be given, it is necessary to add a clear regulation regarding legal protection for emergency contact victims in the online loan agreement into the law that should be, considering the development of financial technology is very fast and is the main need of the community. And so that the victims can calmly and freely obtain their rights that have been harmed. The state must also provide access for victims to be able to claim their rights. The type of research used to answer these problems is normative legal research using legislation and conceptual approaches. Data collection is done through literature study. The data analysis used is qualitative analysis.
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Nikolic-Ristanovic, Vesna. "Yoga and victims." Temida 17, no. 1 (2014): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1401047n.
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In this paper the findings of literature review and explorative empirical research of yoga application in the work with victims of various forms of sufferings is presented. The largest notion of victim is accepted, which encompasses victims of crime, victims of human rights violations (including convicted persons), as well as victims of war, natural disasters and other sufferings. After determination of the notion of victim and yoga, the review and analyses of research findings and direct experiences with the application of yoga in victim support and victimisation prevention worldwide and in Serbia, is done. The author?s research findings as well as personal experiences with the application of yoga in the work with prisoners in prison for women in Pozarevac (Serbia), within the workshops that Victimology Society of Serbia implemented during 2012/2013, are presented as well. In the conclusions, contribution of yoga to holistic approach to victim support as well as important role that yoga may have in prevention of victimisation and criminalisation, is stressed. The importance of yoga for support of prisoners as the part of preparation for re-entry and with the aim to prevent recidivism, as well as to enable their more successful reintegration into the society, is particularly emphasised. The paper is based on the research implemented by the author for the purpose of writing the final essey at the course for yoga instructors on International yoga academy, Yoga Allience of Serbia.
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Weiss, Karen G. "Neutralizing sexual victimization: A typology of victims’ non-reporting accounts." Theoretical Criminology 15, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 445–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480610391527.
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Drawing its examples from National Crime Victimization Survey narratives, this article proposes a theoretical framework for elucidating victims’ non-reporting accounts, the rationales that victims use to justify why they do not report sexual victimization to police. The framework delineates four account types—denying criminal intent, denying serious injury, denying victim innocence, and rejecting a victim identity—that each problematize one or more critical elements of real and reportable crime. By delineating victims’ accounts of unwanted sexual incidents, along with each account’s distinct neutralization strategies, non-reporting rationales, and cognitive benefits, this article contributes theoretically to discourses on unreported and unacknowledged rape, as well as to a broader literature on non-reported crime.
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TRULSON, CHAD R. "VICTIMS' RIGHTS AND SERVICES: ELIGIBILITY, EXCLUSION, AND VICTIM WORTH*." Criminology Public Policy 4, no. 2 (May 2005): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2005.00029.x.
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Hodgkinsoi, Sarah, and Nick Tilley. "Travel-to-Crime: Homing in on the Victim." International Review of Victimology 14, no. 3 (September 2007): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800701400301.
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Environmental criminology focuses on the intersection in time and place of the offender and victim. Patterns of crime are generally explained in terms of the routine activities of the offender. His or her travel to crime distances are short and crimes are committed within the offender's ‘awareness space’. It has generally been theorised that victims also have short journeys to crime, associated with their routine behaviour. This review, however, suggests that occupancy of ‘unawareness space’, where people are away from familiar surroundings, may confer heightened risk. This is supported in research in the special case of crime and tourism, though other travelling victim patterns have been largely ignored. This paper postulates that crime risk increases at the intersection of offender awareness and victim unawareness spaces. The 2002–3 British Crime Survey provides some suggestive evidence on this. Its analysis reveals that 26.9% of self-reported victimisation occurs more than 15 minutes away from the victim's home. For personal theft crimes over 70% of the victims were outside their immediate locality, suggesting a stronger link between victim mobility and certain types of offence. This finding is discussed in light of the literature reviewed and some implications for crime prevention are considered.
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Herawati, Netti, Abnan Pancasilawati, and Maisyarah Rahmi. "PERLINDUNGAN HAK ANAK AKIBAT KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DI PONDOK PESANTREN PERPSEKTIF MAQASHID SYARIAH (YASSER AUDA) DAN HUKUM POSITIF." Juris 7, no. 1 (June 22, 2023): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/juris.v7i1.824.
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This research discusses protecting children's rights in the context of sexual violence in boarding schools, using the perspective of Maqoshid Syariah presented by Yasser Auda and integrating it with positive law. The research aims to analyze the relevance of the concepts of Maqoshid Syariah in protecting the rights of children who are victims of sexual violence, as well as comparing it to positive law. This research uses a phenomenological approach and literature analysis methods by referring to Yasser Auda's works on Maqoshid Syariah and positive legal studies on protecting children's rights and sexual violence in boarding schools. The research results show that; First, The background of the perpetrator, who is the Leader of the Islamic Boarding School, is only due to lust and conscious will by forcing the victim to marry ‘Sirri’ without the knowledge of other people; second, The form of legal protection given to victims of sexual violence is legally processed, providing health protection in the form of mental health through UPT Integrated Service Center for Empowerment of Women and Children (P2TP2A) Kutai Kartanegara, and offer legal assistance to victims to be accompanied, third, must include the role of religion, protect the victim's soul both physically and non-physically (mentally), provide guarantees for a good education, offspring obtained from marriage based on an agreement, protection in socio-economic terms, protection in the form of clearing the victim's good name.
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Smith, Robert P., and Isidore Okpewho. "The Victims." World Literature Today 63, no. 1 (1989): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40145261.
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Regoeczi, Wendy C., John Jarvis, and Ashley Mancik. "Homicide Investigations in Context: Exploring Explanations for the Divergent Impacts of Victim Race, Gender, Elderly Victims, and Firearms on Homicide Clearances." Homicide Studies 24, no. 1 (September 29, 2018): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767918802885.
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Studies examining factors influencing homicide clearances have produced consistent findings for child victims, arguments, and incident location. Conclusions have been far more varied regarding the social location of the victim and incident attributes such as firearms. Using homicides reported to the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) between 2008 and 2012, the current study uses Conjunctive Analysis of Case Configurations (CACC) to analyze combinations of victim and incident attributes most likely to lead to cleared homicides. In doing so, we assess the variable impacts of victim gender, race, elderly victims, and firearms across contexts to understand their inconsistent effects in the prior literature.
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Khaerunnisah. "Drowning Death: A Literature Review." International Islamic Medical Journal 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/iimj.v3i2.3527.
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Background: The process of drowning begins with respiratory distress either because a person's airway is below the surface of the liquid (submersion) or the water only covers the face (immersion) (Putra, 2020). In a body submerged in water and suspected of having died from drowning, it is necessary to determine whether the victim was still alive at the time of the drowning. The probability was marked by intravital signs, whether there were other signs of violence or the cause of death. All these things can be determined through an external and internal body examination of the corpse and are supported by supporting examinations. With this series of examinations, the diagnosis of drowning can be established, and the cause and mechanism of death of the bodies found can be estimated. Doctors in forensic medicine have an important role in cases of drowning deaths, such as in helping to identify victims and determine the cause of death. (Armstrong & Erskine, 2018).
Objective: This report aims to learn more about drowning deaths, the classification, the pathophysiology of drowning deaths, and the process of investigating drowning deaths.
Conclusion: Drowning is asphyxia that prevents air entry into the lungs by inhaling fluid into the airways, i.e., nose and mouth. Cases of drowning death are caused by irreversible brain damage in the development of irreversible cerebral anoxia and hypoxia. There are two classifications of drowning, namely Dry Drowning and Wet Drowning. Doctors in the field of forensic medicine have an important role in cases of drowning deaths, such as in helping efforts to identify victims and determine the cause of death. The investigation process includes Pre-Autopsy Preparation and Interest in Victim History, External Findings, Internal Meetings, and Special Tests.
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Tiara, Mafi Sri Wahyu, and Novi Diah Haryanti. "PSIKOLOGI TOKOH KORBAN KOMUNIS DALAM CERPEN SURAT UNDANGAN, KERBAU BERTANDUK EMAS KARYA PUTU OKA SUKANTA, DAN TANAH AIR KARYA MARTIN ALEIDA." MEDAN MAKNA: Jurnal Ilmu Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan 22, no. 2 (January 8, 2024): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/mm.v22i2.6688.
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G30S is one of the great tragedies recorded in Indonesian history because it led an unreasonable number of casualties. It started with the emergence of a rebellion movement carried out by the communist party, triggering resistance that demanded the lives of many innocent victims. Several resistance and unfair treatment in several areas then occurred as an effort to wipe out descendants and people suspected of being communists in Indonesia. Apart from cruel detention and torture which resulted in physical injuries and bloodshed, this dark incident little by little eroded the mental condition of the victims and did not hesitate to kill them slowly. This research examines the psychology of communist victim characters in the short stories Surat Undangan, Kerbau Bertanduk Emas by Putu Oka Sukanta, and Tanah Air by Martin Aleida. The stories studied are equally themed about the suffering of the 1965 tragedy that was felt by the victims of the communists. This study uses a literary psychology approach according to Sigmund Freud's theory. The data in this study were found through comparative literature and qualitative descriptive methods using reading and note-taking techniques. The results of the research show that there are three psychological elements found in the victim character, namely Id, Ego, and Super ego. As a result of the victim's trauma, the form of ID shown in some of the data in the text occurs consciously, semi-consciously, or in a state that is not truly conscious. The form of the ego is photographed through the actions of victims that occur in reality or general reality. While the Super ego is the action of the victim character in the text which is motivated by the dominance of moral attitudes and politeness.
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Eleanora, Fransiska Novita. "REHABILITATION AND LEGAL ASSISTANCE: FULFILLING RIGHTS OF VICTIMS IN VIOLENCE HOUSEHOLD." Melayunesia Law 4, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30652/ml.v4i1.7753.
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Children as ideals and the generation a nation must always be protection of their rights, and such protection is obligation parties without exception and without discriminating against children, including children as victims domestic violence victims of violence as those suffer, are persecuted, sick, suffer losses due to perpetrators' actions. To heal the wounds or sufferings of victims to criminal acts of domestic violence with rehabilitation and legal assistance. Rehabilitation is carried the form recovery and treatment the condition his body can recover and return normal while legal assistance victim, as demanding perpetrators be given sanctions that are commensurate with their actions. The research method used the form normative research, this case by reviewing literature or books legislation relating to problem to examined. The aim is find out that providing rehabilitation and victim assistance is a form of legal protection and fulfillment of the rights of victims of violence in household.
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Ihsani, Syarifah Nuzulliah. "Kekerasan Berbasis Gender dalam Victim-Blaming pada Kasus Pelecehan yang Dipublikasi Media Online." Jurnal Wanita dan Keluarga 2, no. 1 (July 26, 2021): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jwk.2239.
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Kekerasan berbasis gender online sering terjadi di media online. Banyak pemberitaan mengenai pelecehan di internet yang menggiring masyarakat untuk menyalahkan korban. Maraknya victim-blaming terhadap korban pelecehan menyebabkan mereka merasa malu, terancam, dan tidak memperoleh haknya sebagai korban. Bahkan, victim-blaming menyebabkan banyaknya korban pelecehan yang lebih memilih bungkam daripada menceritakan permasalahan mereka karena khawatir akan disalahkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat penyebab victim-blaming pada kasus pelecehan yang dipublikasikan melalui media online agar dapat memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk perlindungan terhadap korban. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi literatur melalui pencarian inklusif literatur yang telah dipublikasi dan mengidentifikasi studi yang berkaitan dengan victim-blaming pada kasus kekerasan berbasis gender yang dipublikasi melalui media online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran media online terhadap budaya victim-blaming disebabkan karena adanya bias gender pada praktik jurnalistik pada media online. Penggunaan diksi yang bias terhadap korban, menggiring pembaca menerima stereotip yang dikontruksi oleh media online sehingga tindakan victim-blaming sering terjadi.
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Online gender-based violence often occurs in online media. Many news about harassment on the internet has led people to blame the victim. The victims of harassment often blamed people, which causes them to feel ashamed, threatened, and do not get their rights as victims. Blaming the victim also causes many victims to prefer silence rather than telling the problem for fear of blaming. This study aims to review the causes of victim-blaming of published harassment cases through online media to provide policy recommendations to protect the victims. This research was conducted by studying literature through published literature searches and identifying studies related to victim-blaming in published gender-based violence cases through online media. The results demonstrate that gender bias in journalism practices in online media has a role on online media in victim-blaming. The use of victim-biased diction leads the reader to accept stereotypes constructed by online media motivate victim-blaming occurred.
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Safitry, Oktavinda, Afid Brilliana Putra, Jatmiko Gustinanda, and Muhammad Ilham Dhiya Rakasiwi. "Homicide by Hanging: a Comprehensive Review of Published Literature." Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences (IJLFS) 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijlfs.2023.v13.i01.p01.
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Homicide by hanging is a rare incident and, in contrast to suicidal hanging cases, only limited number of homicidal hanging cases have been reported. This comprehensive review is conducted to summarize the published forensic pathology evidence in homicide by hanging. A systematic search in five journal databases resulted in 12 case reports. All articles passed the selection criteria and were appraised using JBI critical appraisal worksheet for case reports. Fourteen victims were reported which in most of the cases psychosocial background were reported. Household conflict was the common background. Reef knot was the majority knot being used. The autopsy findings vary in the studies, some of which reported intact larynx, thyroid, and hyoid cartilage. Only one case mentioned thyroid cartilage fracture. In addition to the ligature mark, other violence findings include bruises, abrasions, stab wounds, and sexual violence. Toxicological analysis was limited, only 3 case reports reported alcohol in the victim’s serum. There are no distinguishing features in the external or internal neck injuries attributable to homicidal hanging. A thorough autopsy and holistic approach should be considered. They are including demographic characteristics, location of the victim, social and psychiatric history, ligature’s characteristic, signs of violence and toxicological analysis.
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Perrin, Benjamin. "Victim Participation at the International Criminal Court: Examining the First Decade of Investigative and Pre-Trial Proceedings." International Criminal Law Review 15, no. 2 (January 22, 2015): 298–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01502003.
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This article examines the first decade of victim participation during investigative and pre-trial proceedings at the International Criminal Court (icc) to better understand how victims are participating in practice and the potential impact of their involvement. The icc has adopted numerous measures to streamline victim participation, evolving it into a largely administrative process with judicial oversight. While the literature has feared that victim participation could undermine the rights of the defence, such concerns have arisen infrequently in practice at the investigative and pre-trial phases. Rather, the need for expeditious and efficient proceedings has been a prominent factor. A complex relationship has also developed between victims and the prosecutor where they have been both allied and at odds, depending on the nature of the proceedings. Victims, however, appear to have had an impact on the legal outcomes in only a handful of decisions.
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Pereira, Márcio S., Mônica S. Pereira, F. T. C. Matos, M. V. F. Marques, G. D. Sarubbi, J. H. F. Damião, and S. B. Gomes. "Orofacial Injuries in Women Victims of Domestic Violence: Integrative Literature Review." Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics 4, no. 1 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17063/bjfs4(1)y20141.
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Pereira, Márcio S., Mônica S. Pereira, F. T. C. Matos, M. V. F. Marques, G. D. Sarubbi, J. H. F. Damião, and S. B. Gomes. "Orofacial Injuries in Women Victims of Domestic Violence: Integrative Literature Review." Brazilian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Medical Law and Bioethics 4, no. 1 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17063/bjfs4-1-y20141.
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Morabito, Melissa Schaefer, April Pattavina, and Linda M. Williams. "It All Just Piles Up: Challenges to Victim Credibility Accumulate to Influence Sexual Assault Case Processing." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 15 (September 27, 2016): 3151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516669164.
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The underreporting of sexual assault is well known to researchers, practitioners, and victims. When victims do report, their complaints are unlikely to end in arrest or prosecution. Existing research on police discretion suggests that the police decision to arrest for sexual assault offenses can be influenced by a variety of legal and extra-legal factors particularly challenges to victim credibility. Although extant literature examines the effects of individual behaviors on police outcomes, less is known about how the accumulation of these behaviors, attributions, and characteristics affects police decision making. Using data collected from the Los Angeles Police Department and Sheriff’s Department, we examine one police decision point—the arrest to fill this gap in the literature. First, we examine the extent to which the effects of potential challenges to victim credibility, based on victim characteristics and behaviors, influence the arrest decision, and next, how these predictors vary across circumstances. Specifically, we examine how factors that challenge victim credibility affect the likelihood of arrest in sexual assault cases where the victim and offender are strangers, acquaintances, and intimate partners.
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Davies, Rhiannon, and Lorana Bartels. "Challenges of Effective Communication in the Criminal Justice Process: Findings from Interviews with Victims of Sexual Offences in Australia." Laws 9, no. 4 (December 6, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws9040031.
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This article focuses on gendered experiences of the criminal justice system, specifically the experiences of adult female victims of sexual offending and the communication difficulties they experience during the criminal justice process. Drawing on the findings from qualitative interviews about sentencing with six victims and 15 justice professionals in Australia, we compare the lived experiences of the victims with the perceptions of the justice professionals who work with them, revealing a significant gap between the information justice professionals believe they are providing and the information victims recall receiving. We then analyse the international literature to distil effective communication strategies, with the goal of improving victims’ experiences of the criminal justice system as a whole. Specifically, we recommend verbal communication skills training for justice professionals who work with victims of crime and the development of visual flowcharts to help victims better understand the criminal justice process. We also recommend that Australian victims’ rights regimes be reformed to place the responsibility for providing information about the criminal process on the relevant justice agencies, rather than requiring the victim to seek this information, and suggest piloting automated notification systems to help agencies fulfil their obligations to provide victims with such information.
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S Miller, Courtney, Susan D. Scott, and Mary Beck. "Second victims and mindfulness: A systematic review." Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management 24, no. 3 (April 8, 2019): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516043519838176.
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Second victims are healthcare professionals who have been involved in an unanticipated clinical event or medical error and are negatively impacted on professional and/or personal levels. One of the most prevalent symptoms second victims endure is stress, which correlates with burnout and powerlessness. These symptoms may deeply impact second victims on professional and personal levels, but can also influence healthcare organizations. Distracted and stressed clinicians can possibly create a medical error and are at an increased risk to leave their chosen profession or institution. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the literature pertaining to the second victim phenomenon and the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on perceived symptoms. PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used to conduct this literature search. There were 23,294 articles for consideration, after the original search. The review identified n = 15 publications as meeting inclusion requirements. These studies indicated that mindfulness-based interventions positively impact stress, burnout, and self-compassion. Future research is needed to establish mindfulness-based interventions effectiveness on second victims.
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Prastyawan, Bachtiar Adi. "Juridical Review of Legal Protection for Victims of Sexual Harassment as a Form of State Responsibility." Journal of Creativity Student 5, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jcs.v5i2.36274.
Full textAbstract:
Sexual harassment is a form of sexual violence and is classified as a serious crime. This is due to the impact of sexual harassment which can threaten and endanger the life of the victim. Seeing the impact that is the result of sexual harassment, it is necessary to protect victims of sexual harassment from several parties such as the government, institutions, families, and communities. In addition, there is a need for legal protection that is binding on victims of sexual harassment. This study aims to conduct a juridical review of legal protection for victims of sexual harassment as a form of state responsibility. The research method used is a normative approach with a normative legal research design. The data used are secondary data derived from important documents and literature related to the research topic. The results of this study are that there is already legal protection for victims of sexual harassment in Indonesia which is a form of state responsibility, namely Articles 5 6 of Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims. , Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, and Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. This is also supported by the activeness of victim protection institutions that assist in the protection of victims of sexual harassment. The urgency of establishing legal protection for victims is to prevent and provide solutions to the impacts felt by victims of sexual harassment.
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Winkel, Frans Willem, and Adriaan Denkers. "Crime Victims and their Social Network: A Field Study on the Cognitive Effects of Victimisation, Attributional Responses and the Victim-Blaming Model." International Review of Victimology 3, no. 4 (January 1995): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809500300404.
Full textAbstract:
A field study is reported focusing on the cognitive effects of criminal victimisation, on the types of responses victims encounter in their social network, and on the validity of the ‘victim blaming model’. Data reveal that victimisations have a negative impact on the perceived benevolence of the world. Perceptions of self control and control over outcomes are reduced, and victims consider themselves less as persons having luck in life. These cognitive effects appear to stretch out beyond those directly involved. Results generally do not support the theoretically dominant position in the victimological literature on ‘blaming the victim’. Empathical responses and external attributions from the social network are much more common than internal responses to victimisation. Moreover, internal attributions from the social network appear to work more positively on the wellbeing of victims than external attributions. These outcomes - which are in line with the Janoff-Bulman model - are clearly in contrast to the ‘victim blaming model’. Some implications for future studies are discussed.