Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vibroacoustic Analysis'

Les joints de porte et de vitrage des voitures jouent un rôle très important dans la réduction du bruit d’origine aérodynamique, à la fois par transmission directe et de par son rôle en tant que condition limite ees autres éléments transmetteurs (portes et fenêtres). Par conséquent, sa conception est fondamentale pour l’optimisation du confort de passager. Néanmoins, la méthode traditionnelle pour sa conception, basée sur une approche par tâtonnement de tests en soufflerie, est très coûteuse et insuffisante. Une approche différente est envisagée dans ce manuscrit, par la création d’un modèle capable de prédire la transmission du bruit jusqu’`a la cavité du véhicule, qui puisse être appliqué ultérieurement dans une routine d’optimisation. La modélisation des joints de vitrage et des fenêtres fait face à plusieurs difficultés. La fermeture de la porte subie par le joint de porte avant d’être soumis à l’excitation acoustique, ainsi que le comportement hyperélastique du caoutchouc, mènent à des déformations non-linéaires. Ce comportement change les propriétés (telles que la rigidité) du joint comprimé lors qu’il est soumis à l’excitation acoustique. De plus, l’interaction du son transmis par les joints avec la cavité du véhicule doit être prise en compte. Néanmoins, la taille réduite et la géométrie complexe du joint appellent à une approche telle que la méthode EF, tandis que la grande taille de la cavité véhicule nécessite d’une approche plus grossière, pour ne pas aboutir sur un modèle trop lourd. La solution proposée dans ce manuscrit implique la création d’un modèle hybride capable de modéliser le joint et la cavité séparément, avec l’approche la plus adaptée `a chaque cas, et de les coupler dans un seul modèle. Les comportements hyperélastique et viscoélastique des joints, avant et durant l’excitation acoustique, sont modélisés à l’aide du code commercial ABAQUS, tandis qu’une méthode énergétique appelée Méthode Energétique Simplifiée est utilisée pour la propagation ´ du son depuis les joints jusqu’au reste de la cavité. Cette méthode, adaptée aux besoins de l’application souhaitée, et couplée aux résultats du modèle EF, permet l’obtention rapide et locale du niveau de pression acoustique en n’importe quel point de la cavité. Finalement, des campagnes expérimentales sont mises en œuvre pour la validation des modèles. Les mises en place et les résultats sont détaillés dans ce manuscrit
Car door and window seals have been proven to be of utmost importance to reduce aerodynamic noise, both through direct transmission and through their role as boundary conditions of the other transmitting elements (car doors and windows). As consequence, their design has become of great relevance when it comes to passenger comfort optimization. However, the traditional method for their conception, based on a trial and error approach through wind-tunnel testing, has been found to be insufficient and costly. A different approach is contemplated in this dissertation, through the development of a model capable of predicting sound transmission through seals and into the vehicle cavity, for its subsequent application into an optimization procedure. Several difficulties arise from the modeling of car door and window seals. Indeed, the door closure imposed on the door seal before any acoustic excitation, as well as the hyperelasticity of the rubber lead to a non-linear deformation behavior. This behavior changes the seal properties (e.g. stiffness) which have to be modeled under acoustic excitation. Additionally, the interaction of the transmitted sound with the vehicle cavity must be taken into account. However, the small, precise geometry of the seal would call for an approach such as FE method, whereas the big dimensions of a vehicle cavity demand a much coarser approach so that the problem doesn’t become unmanageable in size. The solution that is proposed in this dissertation, implies the creation of an hybrid model capable of modeling the seal and the vehicle cavity separately, with the most adequate approach to each case, and coupling them afterward into a single model. As consequence, the hyperelastic and viscoelastic behaviors of the seals, prior to and during the acoustic excitation, are modeled through FE software ABAQUS, whereas an energy method called Méthode Energétique Simplifiée is used for the propagation ´ of the sound from the seal to the rest of the cavity. This method, improved to better suit the requirements of the discussed application, and coupled to the results of the FE model, allows a fast and local computation of the sound pressure level at any point inside the cavity. Finally, some experimental tests are put in place for the validation of the models. The different setups and results are detailed in this dissertation

Much research has been done on reducing the noise level within a honeycomb composite fuselage used in aircraft. The honeycomb composite fuselage has shown much promise for structural rigidity, but to reduce cabin noise, transmission loss and radiation efficiency of the honeycomb fuselage must be taken into consideration in the initial design stage. This thesis is a parametric study of a honeycomb composite fuselage for improving the acoustical performance by reducing transmission loss through the panel. Various models of honeycomb composite were modeled using HyperMesh, a modeling software. The structural model was validated statically with four-point bend-test data and by means of modal analysis, by correlation of composite panel analytical results to published benchmark results. The composite panel model was also validated by correlating the panel transmission loss results using vibroacoustic analysis using VA One software to the published benchmark results. Physical parameters, including length and thickness of the honeycomb panels, were varied and modeled. Geometric properties such as length, thickness, and material properties including Young’s modulus and shear modulus were selected for the validated model. A parametric study was then done to find an improved transmission loss by varying the core thickness, core cell size and core density, and by adding plies, limp material and noise-control treatments.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
"December 2007."

Numerical methods based on wave modelling are explored for the vibroacoustic analysis of wave propagation, sound transmission and interior noise in vehicles and buildings at medium and high frequencies. The presence of sound absorbing porous materials in practical engineering structures is also considered. The wave modelling techniques provide computational efficiency and physical insight, and two such methods having these advantages are developed in this thesis namely: the semi-analytical finite element method and the wave expansion method. The semi-analytical finite element method is applicable to structures which have constant properties in one direction, and it uses a finite element discretization of the cross-section and analytical functions in the third direction. Equations of motion are derived from this method to study wave propagation characteristics, which help understand the vibroacoustic behavior of structures. These characteristics may also be used by high frequency techniques, such as statistical energy analysis. The wave propagation in sandwich panels with a poroelastic core, which is modeled with Biot's theory, is investigated thoroughly. The semi-analytical finite element method retains the flexibility of the finite element method on geometry and also dramatically increases the computational speed thanks to the orthogonality of the analytical functions when used to calculate forced response. The calculated response of partitions is integrated into diffuse field sound transmission loss calculations of, for example, built-up train floor partitions and multilayer panels lined with porous materials. The calculations are computationally efficient and show good agreement with measurements, thus it is interesting for industrial optimizations. The wave expansion method uses a priori defined plane wave solutions to the Helmholtz equation for approximation of the sound field in geometrically complex enclosures. It reduces the requirements regarding the number of degrees of freedom compared to the finite element method, which, furthermore, is polluted by dispersion errors. Therefore, the wave expansion method is particularly appealing for high frequency (or large wavenumber) calculations. Its application in interior sound field predictions is assessed within the automobile context.

QC 20140916

La prestation vibroacoustique est une question primordiale pour les constructeurs de véhicules, qui sont contraints par des lois ainsi que par des besoins commerciales: d'une part, un grand nombre de normes existe, visant à régler les niveaux vibratoires et acoustiques que les occupants d'un véhicule peuvent supporter, d'autre part le constructeur est intéressé à garantir un haut degré de confort pour que son produit soit compétitif. L'industrie du poids lourds comporte des spécificités par rapport à d'autres secteurs industriels, et surtout par rapport au marché des véhicules légers: non seulement l'architecture d'un véhicule industriel est unique, mais en plus ce qui caractérise les poids lourds par rapport à d'autres véhicules terrestres est la grande diversité des configurations disponibles. Une bonne connaissance des mécanismes de transmission des vibrations et du bruit, ainsi que du bilan de leurs sources, permette de fixer des règles de conception plus rigoureuses pour les composants. Par ailleurs, la connaissance des influences des paramètres architecturaux d'un camion sur les prestations vibroacoustiques donne une meilleure clé d'interprétation pour prédire les caractéristiques qu'un composant du véhicule doit avoir. Actuellement ces vérifications sont largement basées sur des essais, soit subjectifs (estimations par des techniciens experts) soit objectifs (acquisitions par microphones et accéléromètres). Cette pratique est très coûteuse car, pour prendre en compte la diversité des camions, il faut tester un grand nombre de véhicules. Pour franchir ces limitations, le prototypage virtuel - au lieu des essais physiques - doit être renforcé. Les méthodologies numériques sont déjà utilisées au sein du Groupe Volvo, mais les outils disponibles sont considérés en partie inappropriés pour les besoins de calcul des prestations NVH. Les activités de cette thèse ont été réalisées dans le cadre du service Noise and Driveline Vibration, qui est responsable de l'estimation du confort acoustique perçu par les occupants du camion, dans toutes ces conditions d'utilisation. Les travaux de thèse sont concentrés sur le comportement du châssis comme composant principale; le châssis est la principale voie de transfert des vibrations depuis le moteur vers la cabine. En outre, une attention particulière sera donnée à l'effet des accessoires sur le comportement dynamique du châssis, bien que peu d'intérêt sera porté sur la signature vibratoire des accessoires mêmes
The vibroacoustic performance is a matter of primary concern for modern vehicle manufacturers, that are constrained by health and safety legislation as well as by commercial needs: on the one hand, a number of norms exists regulating the level of vibration and noise that vehicle occupants can tolerate, but on the other hand a manufacturer is also interested in guaranteeing a high level of comfort in order to keep products competitive. The commercial vehicle industry presents some peculiarity with respect to other vehicle manufacturing businesses, and especially to the more known car industry: not only the architecture of a commercial vehicle is a class of its own, but what differentiates the most trucks from other ground vehicles are the configuration diversity and customization. A deep knowledge of the vibration and noise transmission mechanisms in trucks as well as source breakdown allows defining more rigorous and strict component specifications. Furthermore, the comprehension of the sensitivity of truck architecture parameters on vibroacoustic features provides even deeper means to assess the needed properties for a component to be installed on a vehicle. At present the verification is largely based on tests, both subjective (assessment by experimented test engineers) and objective (microphone and accelerometer acquisitions). This practice is extremely expensive, since, in order to take into account the large diversity of trucks, a large number of vehicles has to be tested. To overcome this limit, virtual testing - as opposed to physical testing - should be strengthened. Numerical methods are already largely used in the Volvo Group, but the available tools are considered partly unfit to the NVH demands and inappropriate with respect to their specific needs. The activities of the current thesis have been developed in the framework of the Interior Noise and Driveline Vibration group, which is responsible for the estimation of the acoustic comfort perceived by driver and passengers in all driving conditions and vehicle uses. This thesis will focus on the behaviour of the chassis as a primary component. The chassis is the main transfer path for engine-induced vibrations transmitted to the cabin. Besides, a peculiar attention will be given to the effect the chassis equipment components have on the chassis dynamics, even though limited interest will be put on the investigation of the dynamic signature of the equipment itself

Els forats negres acústics en mecànica (coneguts per les sigles ABHs, de l’anglès Acoustic Black Holes) solen estar formats per osques en bigues i plaques, el gruix de les quals decau segons una llei potencial. L’efecte de l’ABH és el d’alentir les velocitats de fase i de grup de les ones de flexió incidents de tal manera que, en teoria, faria falta un temps infinit perquè les ones arribessin al centre de l’ABH, si el gruix d’aquest últim fos exactament zero. Tanmateix, a la pràctica això no és possible tot i que es pot aconseguir una forta dissipació col·locant una capa de material esmorteïdor al centre de l’ABH, on es concentra la major part de l’energia de les ones. En els darrers anys, els ABHs no només s’han explotat com a mètode passiu per reduir vibracions estructurals i l’emissió corresponent de soroll, sinó que també s’ha explorat el seu potencial per altres aplicacions com la manipulació d’ones o la captació d’energia. Aquesta tesi té tres objectius principals. Així, doncs, després d'una introducció general als ABHs, el treball s’ha dividit en tres grans seccions. La primera aborda aplicacions dels ABHs en bigues rectes i plaques planes. Per començar, es proposa i s’analitza un voladís piezoelèctric amb un acabament d’ABH per capturar energia. A continuació es presenten ABHs en forma d’anell per tal d’aïllar punts d’excitació externs en plaques planes i així evitar la transmissió de vibracions. Finalment, es contemplen configuracions periòdiques de matrius d’ABHs per tal de col·limar feixos d'ones de flexió i concentrar la seva energia en zones predeterminades d’una placa. La segona part de la tesi proposa nous dissenys d’ABHs per a estructures amb curvatura. Aquestes són molt habituals en els sectors naval, aeronàutic i industrial, de manera que val la pena investigar si els ABH poden resultar alguns casos. La secció comença analitzant la inclusió d’ABHs en bigues circulars i es veu com això dona peu a l’aparició de fenòmens típics en sistemes periòdics. Acte seguit es proposa un ABH anular per reduir les vibracions en conductes cilíndrics. En concret, es tracten els casos d’un conducte simplement suportat amb un ABH anular, i el d’un conducte amb ABH, suports periòdics i rigidificadors. Per finalitzar la secció, s’investiguen els efectes dels ABH anulars en la radiació acústica del conducte tenint en compte el nivell de potència acústica, l’eficiència de radiació i la intensitat supersònica. La tercera part de la tesi és més curta que les anteriors i simula l’aïllament d'una placa amb múltiples ABHs, en el rang de mitja i alta freqüència. A tal efecte s’empra el mètode de l’anàlisi estadística de distribució modal d'energia (SmEdA: statistical modal energy distribution analysis). En aquesta secció, l’estructura amb ABHs ja no s’analitza com un element individual sinó que s’acobla a dues cavitats d’aire, formant part d’un sistema mecànic més complex. Al llarg de la tesi s’utilitza repetidament el mètode d’expansió gaussiana (GEM: Gaussian expansion method). Pel GEM entenem prendre funcions gaussianes com a base per resoldre equacions diferencials en derivades parcials en el marc del mètode de Rayleigh-Ritz. El GEM s’assembla molt als enfocaments d’ondetes, però ofereix alguns avantatges en el cas de condicions de contorn periòdiques. Al principi de la tesi s’exposa un breu repàs del GEM i, quan és necessari, s’aborda la seva reformulació per a un problema particular en el capítol corresponent.
Los agujeros negros acústicos en mecánica (conocidos por las siglas ABHs, del inglés Acoustic Black Holes) suelen estar formados por muescas en vigas y placas, el grueso de las cuales decae según una ley potencial. El efecto del ABH es el de ralentizar las velocidades de fase y de grupo de las ondas de flexión incidentes de tal modo que, en teoría, haría falta un tiempo infinito para que las ondas alcanzaran el centro del ABH, si el grueso de este último fuera exactamente cero. Sin embargo, en la práctica esto no es posible, aunque se puede conseguir una fuerte disipación colocando una capa de material amortiguador en el centro del ABH, donde se concentra la mayor parte de la energía de las ondas. En los últimos años, los ABHs no sólo se han explotado como método pasivo para reducir vibraciones estructurales y la consecuente emisión de ruido, sino que también se ha explorado su potencial para otras aplicaciones como la manipulación de ondas o la captación de energía. Esta tesis tiene tres objetivos principales. Así pues, tras una introducción general a los ABHs, el trabajo se ha dividido en tres grandes secciones. La primera aborda aplicaciones de los ABHs en vigas rectas y placas planas. Para empezar, se propone y analiza un voladizo piezoeléctrico con un acabado de ABH para capturar energía. A continuación, se presentan ABHs en forma de anillo para aislar puntos de excitación externos en placas planas y así evitar la transmisión de vibraciones. Finalmente, se contemplan configuraciones periódicas de matrices de ABHs para colimar haces de ondas de flexión y concentrar su energía en zonas predeterminadas de una placa. La segunda parte de la tesis propone nuevos diseños de ABHs para estructuras con curvatura. Estas son muy habituales en los sectores naval, aeronáutico e industrial, por lo que merece la pena investigar si los ABH pueden dar buenos resultados en algunos casos. La sección comienza analizando la inclusión de ABHs en vigas circulares y se ve como estos dan pie a la aparición de fenómenos típicos de sistemas periódicos. Seguidamente se propone un ABH anular para reducir las vibraciones en conductos cilíndricos. En concreto, se tratan los casos de un conducto simplemente soportado con un ABH anular, y el de un conducto con ABH, soportes periódicos y rigidificadores. Para finalizar la sección, se investigan los efectos de los ABH anulares en la radiación acústica del conducto teniendo en cuenta el nivel de potencia acústica, la eficiencia de radiación y la intensidad supersónica. La tercera parte de la tesis es más corta que las anteriores y simula el aislamiento de una placa con múltiples ABHs, en el rango de media y alta frecuencia. A tal efecto se emplea el método del análisis estadístico de distribución modal de energía (SmEdA: statistical modal energy distribution analysis). En esta sección, la estructura con ABHs ya no se analiza como un elemento individual, sino que se acopla a dos cavidades de aire formando parte de un sistema mecánico más complejo. A lo largo de la tesis se utiliza repetidamente el método de expansión gaussiana (GEM: Gaussian expansión method). Por GEM entendemos tomar funciones gaussianas como base para resolver ecuaciones diferenciales en derivadas parciales en el marco del método de Rayleigh-Ritz. El GEM se parece mucho a los enfoques de ondículas, pero ofrece algunas ventajas en el caso de condiciones de contorno periódicas. Al principio de la tesis se expone un breve repaso del GEM y, cuando es necesario, se aborda su reformulación para un problema particular en el capítulo correspondiente.
Acoustic black holes (ABHs) in mechanics usually consist of geometrical indentations on beams and plates having a power-law decreasing thickness profile. An ABH slows down the phase and group velocity of incident flexural waves in such a way that, ideally, it would take an infinite amount of time for them to reach the ABH center, if the latter had an exact zero thickness. Though this is not possible in practice, strong wave dissipation can be achieved by placing a damping layer at the central region of the ABH, where most vibration energy concentrates. In recent years, ABHs have been not only exploited as a passive means for structural vibration and noise reduction, but its potential for other applications like wave manipulation or energy harvesting have been also explored. The objective of this thesis is threefold. Therefore, after an initial overview the work is divided into three main parts. The first one deals with ABH applications on straight beams and flat plates. To start with, an ABH piezoelectric bimorph cantilever for energy harvesting is proposed and analyzed. Then, ring-shaped ABH indentations are suggested as a means of isolating external excitation points in flat plates and prevent vibration transmission. Finally, periodic ABH array configurations are contemplated to collimate flexural wave beams and focus energy at desired plate locations. The second part of the thesis proposes new ABH designs for curved structures. The latter are very common in the naval, aeronautical and industrial sectors so it is worth investigating if ABHs could function for them. The section starts analyzing the embedding of ABHs on circular beams and how this results in the appearance of typical phenomena of periodic systems. After that, an annular ABH is proposed to reduce vibrations in cylindrical shells. The cases of a simply supported shell with an annular ABH indentation and of a periodic simply supported ABH shell with stiffeners are considered. To finish the section, the effects of annular ABHs on sound radiation are investigated in terms of sound power level, radiation efficiency and supersonic intensity. The third part of the thesis is shorter than the previous ones and is devoted to analyzing the transmission loss of a plate with multiple ABH indentations, in the mid-high frequency range. Statistical modal energy distribution analysis is used for that purpose. Here, the ABH plate is not taken as an individual structure but coupled to two air cavities, thus being part of a more complex mechanical system. Throughout the thesis repeated use is made of the Gaussian expansion method (GEM). The GEM refers to taking Gaussian functions as the basis for solving partial differential equations in the framework of the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The GEM closely resembles wavelet approaches but offers some advantages in the case of periodic boundary conditions. A brief overview of the GEM is exposed at the beginning of the thesis and, when necessary, its reformulation for a particular problem is tackled in its corresponding chapter.

Active control has often been considered for low frequency control of noise radiated by trim panels inside aircraft or helicopter cabins. Trim panels are usually made of honeycomb core sandwich because of their high strength to mass ratio. Active control techniques applied to honeycomb panel have not always given results as good as expected and this thesis aims to understand these limitations based on validated mechanical models of the active panels. For the modeling of honeycomb panels, the main difficulty is to estimate equivalent properties for the core. A numerical homogenization procedure is introduced to estimate effective parameters of a shell/volume/shell model based on the correlation with periodic modes of a detailed 3D model. The use of periodic modes allows a detailed analysis of the influence of constituent properties, especially glue and skin. Tests show that the considered Nomex based honeycomb has significantly viscoelastic behavior. In the model, the viscoelastic behavior of the core is taken into account by a frequency dependence of material parameters. Piezoelectric actuators and sensors are included in the validated honeycomb model. Strategies for integration in a numerical design process are discussed. Finally, the static response to an applied voltage is shown to correspond to a blister shape with local bending of the skin rather than global bending of the panel. This behavior results in poor actuator performance, which is also found in a realistic panel configuration studied at ONERA.

During its mission, a launch vehicle is subject to broadband, severe, aeroacoustic and structure-borne excitations of various provenances, which can endanger the survivability of the payload and the vehicles electronic equipment, and consequently the success of the mission. Aerospace structures are generally characterized by the use of exotic composite materials of various configurations and thicknesses, as well as by their extensively complex geometries and connections between different subsystems. It is therefore of crucial importance for the modern aerospace industry, the development of analytical and numerical tools that can accurately predict the vibroacoustic response of large, composite structures of various geometries and subject to a combination of aeroacoustic excitations. Recently, a lot of research has been conducted on the modelling of wave propagation characteristics within composite structures. In this study, the Wave Finite Element Method (WFEM) is used in order to predict the wave dispersion characteristics within orthotropic composite structures of various geometries, namely flat panels, singly curved panels, doubly curved panels and cylindrical shells. These characteristics are initially used for predicting the modal density and the coupling loss factor of the structures connected to the acoustic medium. Subsequently the broad-band Transmission Loss (TL) of the modelled structures within a Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) wave-context approach is calculated. Mainly due to the extensive geometric complexity of structures, the use of Finite Element(FE) modelling within the aerospace industry is frequently inevitable. The use of such models is limited mainly because of the large computation time demanded even for calculations in the low frequency range. During the last years, a lot of researchers focus on the model reduction of large FE models, in order to make their application feasible. In this study, the Second Order ARnoldi (SOAR) reduction approach is adopted, in order to minimize the computation time for a fully coupled composite structural-acoustic system, while at the same time retaining a satisfactory accuracy of the prediction in a broadband sense. The system is modelled under various aeroacoustic excitations, namely a diffused acoustic field and a Turbulent Boundary Layer (TBL) excitation. Experimental validation of the developed tools is conducted on a set of orthotropic sandwich composite structures. Initially, the wave propagation characteristics of a flat panel are measured and the experimental results are compared to the WFEM predictions. The later are used in order to formulate an Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) approach for the modelling of the spatial response of the panel within a dynamic stiffness matrix approach. The effect of the temperature of the structure as well as of the acoustic medium on the vibroacoustic response of the system is examined and analyzed. Subsequently, a model of the SYLDA structure, also made of an orthotropic sandwich material, is tested mainly in order to investigate the coupling nature between its various subsystems. The developed ESL modelling is used for an efficient calculation of the response of the structure in the lower frequency range, while for higher frequencies a hybrid WFEM/FEM formulation for modelling discontinuous structures is used.

A interação entre as ondas vibratórias geradas pela resposta estrutural de uma placa e os modos acústicos de uma cavidade, que é uma das principais fontes de ruído no interior de cabines de automóveis, é estudada empregando técnicas computacionais e experimentais. Para investigar este fenômeno foi construído um protótipo que consiste de uma cavidade feita de acrílico que simula o interior de um veículo. O teto deste modelo pode ser substituído por uma placa de alumínio flexível, para que se possa gerar efeitos de acoplamento entre o campo acústico e a resposta estrutural. Inicialmente, foi feito um estudo analítico do modelo, empregando-se técnicas de elementos finitos com o objetivo de extrair as freqüências naturais e modos vibroacústicos em uma faixa de freqüência abaixo de 300 Hz, em dois casos diferentes: com e sem a presença de assentos dentro da cavidade. Depois disso, o modelo foi submetido a vários testes experimentais, para se obterem as funções de resposta em freqüência, as freqüências naturais vibroacústicas e os modos acústicos e estruturais, usando excitação acústica e estrutural e empregando métodos padrões de análise modal. Para fins de comparação, as FRF\'s vibroacústicas foram obtidas de duas maneiras diferentes: com excitação estrutural e resposta acústica e com excitação acústica e resposta estrutural. As freqüências naturais e os modos vibroacústicos foram medidos usando excitação acústica e estrutural. Neste caso, é mostrada a importância do controle da força excitadora. Alguns parâmetros experimentais foram variados, tais como posicionamento das excitações acústica e estrutural e o tipo de suspensão. Finalmente, é apresentada uma compilação das diferentes técnicas para a extração dos parâmetros modais vibroacústicos, propondo novas metodologias para a medição dos modos acústicos e estruturais em freqüências abaixo de 70 Hz, controlando a força excitadora e utilizando métodos de ajuste de curvas. É mostrado que o uso de excitação acústica e estrutural merece alguns cuidados, visto que a aplicação dos métodos traz restrições de acordo com a faixa de freqüência e a escolha da melhor forma de extração dos modos vibroacústicos depende da freqüência estudada.
The interaction between the vibration waves generated by the structural response of a plate and the acoustic modes of a cavity, which is one of the main noise sources in automobile passenger cabin, is addressed employing both computational and experimental techniques. In order to investigate this phenomenon a prototype which consists of a cavity made of acrylic that resembles a vehicle interior was built. The roof of this model can be replaced by a flexible aluminum plate in order to generate coupling effects between the acoustic field and the structural response. Initially an analytical study was performed on the model employing finite element techniques with the aim of extracting the vibroacoustic natural frequencies and mode shapes in a frequency range below 300 Hz in two different cases: with and without the presence of seats inside the cavity. After that, the model was submitted to several experimental tests in order to obtain the frequency response functions, vibroacoustic natural frequencies and mode shapes, using acoustic and structural excitation and employing standard modal testing methods. For comparison purposes, the vibroacoustic FRF\'s were obtained in two different manners: with the structural excitation and acoustic response and with acoustic excitation and structural response. The vibroacoustic natural frequencies and mode shapes were measured employing both acoustic and structural excitation. In this case, it is shown the importance of the control of the exciting force. Some experimental parameters were varied, such as positioning of the acoustic and structural sources and the suspension type. Finally, a compilation of different techniques for the vibroacoustic modal parameters extraction is presented, proposing new methodologies for the acoustic and structural modes measurements in frequencies below 70 Hz, using force control and curve fitting methods. It is shown that both acoustic and structural excitations have restrictions concerning the frequency range and the choice of the better method for the extraction of the vibroacoustic mode shapes and natural frequencies depends on it.

The study of vibrations of structures is paramount in the aerospace industry, as parts are subjected to important dynamic loads. A vibroacoustic analysis of structures is thus undergone in order to ensure that they can withstand the acoustic environment. A validated in-house software was proven to be very reliable but commercial solutions could provide further options in terms of modelisation and decrease computation time while being as accurate as the in-house software. In this paper, a benchmark between ArianeGroup in-house vibroacoustic software and MSC Actran is carried out in order to evaluate their performance in terms of computation time. This comparative study shows that ArianeGroup in-house software and Actran converge towards the same PSD acceleration results and both softwares are consistent with SEA calculations at high frequencies. For a small model, the in-house software is as efficient as Actran but its performance decreases as the size of the model increases. A sensitivity study on Actran decomposition parameters shows that accuracy increases with the number of samples and plane waves used at a cost of an increased computation time. Yet, acceptable accuracy can be achieved without compromising on computation time.

La méthode SEA (Statistical Energy Analysis) est une approche statistique de la vibroacoustique permettant de décrire les systèmes complexes en termes d'échanges d'énergies vibratoires et acoustiques. En moyennes et hautes fréquences, cette méthode se présente comme une alternative aux méthodes déterministes (coût des calculs dû au grand nombre de modes, de degrés de liberté, unicité de la solution) Néanmoins, son utilisation requiert la connaissance et le respect d'hypothèses fortes qui limitent son domaine d'application. Dans ce mémoire, les fondements de la SEA ont été examinés afin de discuter chaque hypothèse. Le champ diffus, l'équipartition de l’énergie modale, le couplage faible, l'influence des modes non résonants et l'excitation rain-on-the-roof sont les cinq hypothèses qui ont été abordées. Sur la base d'exemples simples (oscillateurs couplés, plaques couplées), les équivalences et leurs influences sur la qualité des résultats ont été étudiées pour contribuer à la clarification des hypothèses nécessaires à l'application de la SEA ct pour borner son domaine de validité SEA
Statistical energy analysis is a statistical approach of vibroacoustics which allows to describe complex systems in terms of vibrational or acoustical energies. ln the high frequency range, this method constitutes an alternative to bypass the problems which can occur when applying deterministic methods (computation cost due to the large number of modes, the large number of degrees of freedom and the unicity of the solution). But SEA has numerous assumptions which are sometimes forgotten or misunderstood ln this thesis, foundations of SEA have been examined in order to discuss each assumption. Diffuse field, modal energy equipartition, weak coupling, the influence of non-resonant modes and the rain on the roof excitation are the five look up hypotheses. Based on simple examples (coupled oscillators, coupled plates), the possible equivalences and their influence on the quality of the results have been discussed to contribute to the clarification of the useful SEA assumptions and to mark out it's the validity domain

Un aspecte fonamental quan cal resoldre un problema vibroacústic en un sistema mecànic és el de determinar com flueix l’energia des d’una font donada, cap a qualsevol part del sistema. Això permet decidir quines són les accions a prendre per disminuir, per exemple, els nivells de soroll i vibracions en una determinada àrea del sistema. El comportament dinàmic d’un sistema mecànic es pot estimar utilitzant diversos mètodes numèrics, cadascun dels quals enfocat a un marge de freqüència determinat. Mentre a baixes freqüències es poden aplicar mètodes deterministes com el Mètode d’Elements Finits (FEM) o el Mètode d’Elements de Contorn (BEM), a altes freqüències, els mètodes estadístics com l’Anàlisi Estadística Energètica (SEA), esdevenen inevitables. A més a més, diverses tècniques com el FE-SEA híbrid, els models de Distribució Energètica (ED) o l’Anàlisi Estadística de distribució d’Energia modal (SmEdA), entre d’altres, han estat recentment plantejades per tal de tractar amb l’anomenat problema de les mitges freqüències. Tanmateix, encara que alguns mètodes numèrics poden predir la resposta vibroacústica puntual o amitjanada d’un sistema, aquests no proporcionen de forma directa informació sobre com flueix l’energia per tot el sistema. Per tant, cal algun tipus de post-processament per a determinar quines són les vies de transmissió d’energia. L’energia transmesa a través d’un determinat camí que connecti un subsistema font, on l’energia és introduïda, i un subsistema receptor, es pot calcular numèricament. Tot i això, la identificació dels camins que dominen la transmissió d’energia des d’una font fins a un receptor normalment acostuma a basar-se en l’experiència i el parer de l’enginyer. Així doncs, un mètode que permeti obtenir aquests camins de forma automàtica resultaria molt útil. La teoria de grafs proporciona una sortida a aquest problema, ja que existeixen diversos algorismes de càlcul de camins en grafs. En aquesta tesi, es proposa un enllaç entre els models vibroacústics i la teoria de grafs, que permet adreçar els problemes de vies de transmissió de forma directa. La dissertació comença centrant-se en els models SEA. Primerament, es mostra que té sentit realitzar una anàlisi de vies de transmissió (TPA) en SEA. Seguidament, es defineix un graf que representa de forma acurada els models SEA. Tenint en compte que la transmissió d’energia entre fonts i receptors es pot justificar mitjançant la contribució d’un grup finit de vies dominants en varis casos d’interès, es presenta un algorisme per calcular-les. A continuació, s’implementa un algorisme que inclou en el càlcul de camins la naturalesa estocàstica dels factors de pèrdues SEA. Tot seguit, es tracta com es pot estendre l’anàlisi de vies de transmissió al marge de la mitja freqüència. L’aplicació de la teoria de grafs a les mitges freqüències s’adapta per alguns models ED, així com també SmEdA. Finalment, es presenta una altra possible aplicació de la teoria de grafs en vibroacústica. S’implementa una estratègia basada en algorismes de talls en grafs per tal de reduir l’energia en un subsistema receptor amb la modificació d’un grup reduït de factors de pèrdues. Aquest grup de variacions, es troba calculant talls en el graf que separin els subsistemes fonts dels receptors.
A fundamental aspect when solving a vibroacoustic problem in a mechanical system is that of finding out how energy flows from a given source to any part of the system. This would help making decisions to undertake actions for diminishing, for example, the noise or vibration levels at a given system area. The dynamic behavior of a mechanical system can be estimated using different numerical methods, each of them targeting a certain frequency range. Whereas at low frequencies deterministic methods such as the Finite Element Method (FEM) or the Boundary Element Method (BEM) can be applied, statistical methods like Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) become unavoidable at high frequencies. In addition, a large variety of approaches such as the hybrid FE-SEA, the Energy Distribution (ED) models or the Statistical modal Energy distribution Analysis (SmEdA), among many others, have been recently proposed to tackle with the so-called mid-frequency problem. However, although numerical methods can predict the pointwise or averaged vibroacoustic response of a system, they do not directly provide information on how energy flows throughout the system. Therefore, some kind of post-processing is required to determine energy transmission paths. The energy transmitted through a particular path linking a source subsystem, where external energy is being input, and a target subsystem, can be computed numerically. Yet, identifying which paths dominate the whole energy transmission from source to target usually relies on the engineer's expertise and judgement. Thus, an approach for the automatic identification of those paths would prove very useful. Graph theory provides a way out to this problem, since powerful path algorithms for graphs are available. In this thesis, a link between vibroacoustic models and graph theory is proposed, which allows one to address energy transmission path problems in a straightforward manner. The dissertation starts focusing on SEA models. It is first shown that performing a transmission path analysis (TPA) in SEA makes sense. Then a graph that accurately represents the SEA model is defined. Given that the energy transmission between sources and targets is justified by the contribution of a limited group of dominant paths in many cases of practical interest, an algorithm to find them is presented. Thereafter, an enhanced algorithm is devised to include the stochastic nature of SEA loss factors in the ranking of paths. Next, it is discussed how transmission path analysis can be extended to the mid frequency range. The graph approach for path computation becomes adapted for some ED models, as well as for SmEdA. Finally, we outline another possible application of graph theory to vibroacoustics. A graph cut algorithm strategy is implemented to achieve energy reduction at a target subsystem with the sole modification of a reduced set of loss factors. The set is found by computing cuts in the graph separating source and receiver subsystems.
Un aspecto fundamental a la hora de resolver un problema vibroacústico en un sistema mecánico es el de determinar cómo fluye la energía desde una determinada fuente hasta cualquier parte del sistema. Ello ayudaría a tomar decisiones para emprender acciones destinadas a disminuir, por ejemplo, los niveles de ruido y vibraciones en un área del sistema dada. El comportamiento dinámico de un sistema mecánico se puede estimar utilizando varios métodos numéricos, cada uno de ellos enfocado a un determinado rango de frecuencia. Mientras en las bajas frecuencias se pueden aplicar métodos deterministas como el Método de los Elementos Finitos (FEM) o el método de Elementos de Contorno (BEM), los métodos estadísticos como el Análisis Estadístico Energético son inevitables en las altas frecuencias. Además, se han desarrollado gran variedad de técnicas como el FE-SEA híbrido, los modelos de Distribución de Energía (ED) o el Análisis Estadístico de distribución de Energía modal (SmEdA), entre otras, para tratar el llamado problema de las medias frecuencias. Sin embargo, aunque los métodos numéricos pueden predecir la respuesta vibroacústica puntual o promediada de un sistema mecánico, ellos no proporcionan información sobre como fluye la energía en el sistema. Por lo tanto, hace falta algún tipo de post-procesado para determinar las vías de transmisión de energía. La energía transmitida a través de un determinado camino que conecta un subsistema fuente, donde se introduce la energía, y un subsistema receptor, se puede calcular numéricamente. A pesar de ello, identificar qué caminos dominan la transmisión de energía desde la fuente al receptor normalmente suele recaer en la experiencia o el juicio del ingeniero. Así pues, un método automático para identificar estos caminos resultaría muy útil. La teoría de grafos proporciona una solución a este problema, ya que existen potentes algoritmos de cálculos de caminos en grafos. En esta tesis, se propone un enlace entre los modelos vibroacústicos y la teoría de grafos, que permite abordar los problemas de vías de transmisión de forma directa. La disertación empieza centrándose en los modelos SEA. Primeramente, se muestra que tiene sentido realizar un análisis de vías de transmisión (TPA) en un modelo SEA. Seguidamente, se define un grafo que representa fielmente un modelo SEA. Teniendo en cuenta que en muchos casos de interés práctico, la transmisión de energía entre fuentes y receptores se puede justificar mediante la contribución de un grupo finito de vías de transmisión, se define un algoritmo para encontrarlas. A continuación, se implementa un algoritmo que incluye en el cómputo de caminos la naturaleza estocástica de los factores de pérdidas SEA. Luego, se trata la extensión del análisis de vías de transmisión al rango de media frecuencia. La técnica de teoría de grafos aplicada a cálculo de caminos se adapta para algunos modelos ED y también SmEdA. Finalmente, se presenta otra posible aplicación de la teoría de grafos a la vibroacústica. Se implementa una estrategia basada en algoritmos de cortes en grafos destinada a reducir la energía en un subsistema receptor mediante la simple modificación de un grupo reducido de factores de pérdidas. El grupo se encuentra calculando cortes que separen en el grafo los subsistemas fuentes de los subsistemas receptores.

L’industrie aérospatiale doit faire face à de nouvelles exigences environnementales, tout particulièrement concernant la réduction des coûts de lancement. L’utilisation de matériaux sandwichs composites plus légers permet de répondre à ces besoins. Cependant, l’allégement des matériaux sandwichs favorise une transmission importante du bruit, d’où la nécessité de prendre en compte des critères vibroacoustiques dès la phase de préconception. Dans cette optique, le travail présenté dans ce mémoire a pour objectif de proposer une démarche d’optimisation vibroacoustique des panneaux sandwichs composites légers, sous contraintes de masse et rigidité. Une étude spécifique est consacrée à l’optimisation des variables géométriques de solides cellulaires à périodicité de type nid d’abeille. L’objectif principal est de minimiser la densité modale en s’appuyant sur des modèles homogénéisés fiables. Afin de calculer les propriétés mécaniques macroscopiques des panneaux sandwichs, une méthode numérique d’homogénéisation tridimensionnelle est développée. Cette méthode permet de calculer les propriétés mécaniques équivalentes en utilisant les déformations et contraintes moyennes sur le volume représentatif. Les résultats obtenus sont conformes à ceux calculés par des méthodes classiques basées sur des modèles analytiques. Dans le but d’identifier une fonction objectif riche en informations sur le comportement vibroacoustique de panneau sandwich, on choisit d’étudier la densité modale du panneau. Par la suite, la fréquence de transition, qui sépare la zone de comportement de flexion pure du panneau sandwich du comportement en cisaillement pur de l’âme, est utilisée pour définir la fonction objectif. Après une étude d’analyse de sensibilité sur les paramètres mécaniques et géométriques de la structure sandwich, une démarche globale d’optimisation mono-objectif est mise en oeuvre pour maximiser la fréquence de transition de la structure sandwich composite constituée d’une âme en nid d’abeille hexagonale. Enfin, cette démarche est étendue pour estimer les propriétés géométriques optimales de nouvelles âmes
The aerospace industry has to adapt to new environmental requirements, especially concerning the reduction of the launch costs. The use of lighter composite sandwich materials can meet part of these requirements. However, their high stiffness-toweight ratio implies that they tend to increase noise transmission, which may be damageable to the payload. Vibroacoustic criterai should hence be taken into account from the early design stages. In this context, the work presented in this thesis aims to provide a vibroacoustic optimization approach of lightweight composite sandwich panels, under mass and stiffness constraints. A specific study is devoted to the optimization of geometric variables of periodic cellular solids such as honeycombs. The main objective is to minimize the modal density based on reliable homogenized models. In order to calculate the macroscopic mechanical properties of the sandwich panel, a numerical method of three-dimensional homogenization is developed. This method allows to calculate the equivalent mechanical properties by applying the average strains and stresses on a unit cell. The results obtained are consistent with those calculated by conventional methods based on analytical approaches. The modal density is chosen as an objective function for optimization, as it is closely related to the vibroacoustic behavior of the structure. The transition frequency, which separates the region of pure panel bending from the pure core shear zone, is further studied and considered as an alternative objective function. After a sensitivity analysis of the mechanical and geometric parameters of the sandwich structure, a mono-objective optimization approach is implemented to maximize the transition frequency of a composite sandwich structure with a hexagonal core. This approach is then extended to estimate the optimal geometric properties of new core shapes

Résumé : Ce projet de recherche est composé de trois parties principales : la première comprend l'analyse expérimentale et la simulation des performances vibratoires de matériaux avec amortissement viscoélastique, en tant que traitements acoustiques appliqués aux structures du fuselage d'un avion. La deuxième partie comprend l'analyse expérimentale et le calcul de la performance acoustique de ces matériaux amortissant en comparaison avec l'effet d'une masse équivalente. Enfin, la troisième partie est une étude paramétrique sur les effets de localisation, de la densité et de la taille d'un traitement massique. Les systèmes d'isolation phoniques typiquement employés dans la construction des fuselages d'avions sont composés de matériaux poreux, avec ou sans des matériaux amortissant (matériaux viscoélastiques). La performance et donc l'utilité de ces traitements amortissant, en comparaison avec une couche de masse équivalente, reste une question largement ouverte. Dans ce travail on a comparé numériquement et expérimentalement les performances acoustiques d'un traitement amortissant avec celui d'une masse équivalente tous les deux incorporées dans le traitement phonique et ceci pour plusieurs types d'excitations. Deux structures représentant des fuselages, une en aluminium et la seconde en carbone composite, ont été sélectionnées pour cette étude ainsi que deux matériaux poreux couramment utilisés en aéronautique : une laine en fibre de verre et une mousse à cellules ouvertes. Deux types d'excitations ont été étudiés numériquement et expérimentalement. La première est une excitation acoustique (champ diffus) et la seconde mécanique (forces ponctuelles). Une troisième, excitation par couche limite turbulente a été étudié numériquement. Dans tous les cas, la perte par insertion du traitement acoustique est utilisée comme indicateur principal de la performance. D'autres indicateurs comme le coefficient d'absorption, le coefficient de perte par amortissement et la vitesse quadratique moyenne sont aussi utilisés pour mieux cerner et expliquer l'effet du traitement. Il a été démontré que l'utilisation d'une couche de masse équivalente à un traitement viscoélastique conduit systématiquement à la meilleure performance acoustique et ceci pour les trois types d'excitations étudiées. En particulier, dans le cas classique où le traitement amortissant est appliqué directement au fuselage. Dans ce dernier cas, les effets de doubles parois créés par la couche massique, positionnée judicieusement loin du fuselage, augmentent la performance en moyennes et hautes fréquences. Les performances en basses fréquences restent limitées par la fréquence de résonance double parois. Et même l'effet amortissant des traitements viscoélastiques, théoriquement visible aux résonances et coïncidences du système, se trouve limité par l'amortissement ajouté par le montage et le traitement absorbants. Cependant, l'efficacité de la couche massique est compromise par les difficultés d'installations et en particulier pour les fibreux. Les résultats de cette thèse restent toutefois limités par notre choix de structures et de traitements étudiés.
Abstract : The project is made up of three main parts. The first part involves a comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis of viscoelastic damping materials as acoustic treatments to aircraft fuselage structures. The second part involves numerical and experimental acoustic comparison of viscoelastic damping material to equivalent mass. And the third part is a parametric study of equivalent mass for the effects of mass location, density and size. The goal of the project is to identify the vibroacoustic effect of viscoelastic material damping of fuselage skin, and develop possible alternatives to damping. The insulation systems (typically used on aircraft) that are made up of porous materials with or without viscoelastic damping material or equivalent mass were called sound packages throughout this document. The viscoelastic damping material and equivalent mass both incorporated in sound packages were acoustically compared. Fiberglass and open cell foam were used as porous materials. The viscoelastic damping material used in this study is constraining layer damping and abbreviated as CLD. The equivalent mass was an impervious screen. Both representative Aluminum and carbon composite fuselage skin structures were treated with sound packages as part of the comparison. The vibroacoustic performance indicators were used to characterize the sound packages. The indicators were airborne insertion loss (ABIL), structure borne insertion loss (SBIL), turbulent boundary layer insertion loss (TBLIL), average quadratic velocity (AQV), damping loss factor (DLF), absorption coefficient, and radiation efficiency. Diffuse field acoustic excitation was used to obtain the vibroacoustic indicators of ABIL and absorption coefficient. Mechanical excitation was used to obtain SBIL, AQV, DLF, absorption coefficient, and radiation efficiency. Turbulent boundary layer excitation was modeled to obtain TBLIL. The numerical methods of finite element method (FEM) and transfer matrix method (TMM) were used to calculate all of the above vibroacoustic performance indicators. Experimentally, ABIL, SBIL, AQV, DLF and radiation efficiency were measured. Experimental modal analysis was also performed to characterize representative Aluminum and carbon composite fuselage skin structures. Based on the numerical analysis, equivalent mass generated a double or multiple (in case of double wall layer configuration) wall effect and hence became an effective acoustic insulator as part of sound packages at mid to high frequencies. Even at coincidence frequencies (in case of the representative carbon composite fuselage skin), the equivalent mass layer was more effective than viscoelastic damping material. However, the drawback was the occurrence of the double wall resonance at lower frequencies which compromised the effectiveness. Nevertheless, the parametric study of equivalent mass revealed that equivalent mass is superior to viscoelastic damping material at reduced weight in term of vibroacoustic performance indicators of overall ABIL/SBIL/TBLIL in the frequency range of 100 to 6300 Hz and mean ABIL/SBIL/TBLIL in SIL (octave lk, 2k, 4k Hz) frequency range.

L'objet de cette thèse est l'extension aux structures complexes de la méthode de Résolution Inverse Fenêtrée Filtrée (RIFF). L'idée principale se base sur le modèle Eléments Finis local et libre d'une partie de la structure étudiée. Tout d'abord, la méthode a été développée dans le cas des poutres. Les mesures de vibrations sont alors injectées dans le modèle Eléments Finis de la partie de poutre analysée. Les rotations sont estimées à l'aide de mesures de déplacements supplémentaires et des fonctions de forme sur le support élémentaire. La méthode étant sensible vis-à-vis des incertitudes de mesures, une régularisation a dû être développée. Celle-ci repose sur une double inversion de l'opérateur où une régularisation de type Tikhonov est appliquée dans la seconde inversion. L'optimisation de cette régularisation est réalisée par le principe de la courbe en L. A cause des effets de lissage induits par la régularisation, les moments ne peuvent être reconstruits mais ils apparaissent comme des ''doublets'' de forces. Ceci nous a conduit à résoudre le problème en supposant que seules des forces agissent sur la poutre. Enfin, une étude des effets de la troncature du domaine a été menée dans le but de s'affranchir des efforts de couplage apparaissant aux limites de la zone étudiée. Le cas des plaques a été considéré ensuite afin d'augmenter progressivement la complexité des modèles utilisés. L'approche Eléments Finis a permis d'intégrer à la méthode des techniques de condensation dynamique et de réduction par la méthode de Craig-Bampton. Le nombre de degrés de liberté est trop élevé pour permettre une estimation des rotations par mesures de déplacements supplémentaires, la condensation dynamique est employée afin de les supprimer dans le modèle théorique. Par ailleurs, la régularisation induisant une perte de résolution spatiale à cause de son effet de lissage, une procédure de déconvolution spatiale basée sur l'algorithme de Richardson-Lucy a été ajoutée en post traitement. Enfin, une application de la méthode à la détection de défauts a été envisagée de même que l'application de la méthode à l'identification des efforts appliqués par une pompe à huile sur un banc d'essais industriel. Le travail s'est donc appuyé sur des développements numériques et la méthode a été validée expérimentalement en laboratoire et en contexte industriel. Les résultats de la thèse fournissent un outil prédictif des efforts injectés par des sources de vibrations raccordées à une structure en s'appuyant sur un modèle Eléments Finis local et des mesures de déplacements vibratoires, le tout en régime harmonique
The object of this thesis is the extension to complex structures of the RIFF method (Résolution Inverse Fenêtrée Filtrée). Considering a subpart of a structure, the main idea is to build a local Finite Element model using free boundary conditions. First, the general method was developed on beams. Vibration measurements are injected in the Finite Element model of the analysed part of the beam. Rotations are estimated using extra-displacement measurements and elementary shape functions. The method is highly sensitive towards errors present in measurements, so a regularisation had to be used. This one consists in a double inversion of the operator where a Tikhonov regularisation is applied when performing the second inversion. The regularisation parameter is tuned by the L-curve principle. Because of the smoothing effect of the Tikhonov procedure, moments cannot be reconstructed anymore at this stage, but they do still appear as sets of opposite forces. This setback led us to solve the problem by restricting it to forces only equations. At last, the study of the truncature of the domain was conducted in the aim to suppress coupling forces appearing at the limits of the studied area. Then, the case of plates was considered in order to increase progressively the models’ complexities. The Finite Element approach permitted us to implement dynamical condensation as well as Craig-Bampton reduction techniques. This allowed us to reduce the total number of degrees of freedom to be taken into account both from a numerical and an experimental standpoint. For example, dynamical condensation allows to eliminate rotations in the model. Besides, regularisation induces a lack of spatial resolution because of its smoothing effect. A spatial deconvolution technique was therefore developed; it is based on the Richardson-Lucy algorithm which is applied at a post-processing stage. At last, it was successfully proposed to extend the method to the application of detecting defaults present in the structure. The method was also validated on an industrial test bench in order to identify the forces applied by an oil pump taken from a truck’s engine. This phD thesis relied on numerical developments and the method was validated experimentally both in laboratory and industrial context. Main results provide a predictive tool to evaluate injected forces by vibration sources linked to a structure. It necessitates to inject vibratory displacements measurements into a Finite Element model

Asymptotic Modal Analysis (AMA) is a computationally efficient and accurate method for studying the response of dynamical systems experiencing banded, random harmonic excitation at high frequencies when the number of responding modes is large. In this work, AMA has been extended to systems of coupled continuous components as well as nonlinear systems. Several prototypical cases are considered to advance the technique from the current state-of-the-art. The nonlinear problem is considered in two steps. First, a method for solving problems involving nonlinear continuous multi-mode components, called Iterative Modal Analysis (IMA), is outlined. Secondly, the behavior of a plate carrying a nonlinear spring-mass system is studied, showing how nonlinear effects on system natural frequencies may be accounted for in AMA. The final chapters of this work consider the coupling of continuous systems. For example, two parallel plates coupled at a point are studied. The principal novel element of the two-plate investigation reduces transfer function sums of the coupled system to an analytic form in the AMA approximation. Secondly, a stack of three parallel plates where adjacent plates are coupled at a point are examined. The three-plate investigation refines the reduction of transfer function sums, studies spatial intensification in greater detail, and offers insight into the diminishing response amplitudes in networks of continuous components excited at one location. These chapters open the door for future work in networks of vibrating components responding to banded, high-frequency, random harmonic excitation in the linear and nonlinear regimes.

Dissertation