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Journal articles on the topic 'Vibrios'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Xu, Kangping, Yushu Wang, Wangxiaohan Yang, Hongyan Cai, Youyu Zhang, and Lixing Huang. "Strategies for Prevention and Control of Vibriosis in Asian Fish Culture." Vaccines 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010098.

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It is estimated that vibriosis account for about half of the economic losses in Asian fish culture. Consequently, the prevention and control of vibriosis is one of the priority research topics in the field of Asian fish culture disease. Relevant measures have been proposed to control some Vibrios that pose a threat to Asian fish culture, but there are currently only a few effective vaccines available to combat these Vibrios. The purpose of our review is to sum up the main prevention methods and the latest control strategies of seven Vibrio species that cause great harm to Asian aquaculture, including Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio cholerae. Strategies such as antibiotics, probiotics, bacteriophages, antimicrobials from plants and other natural sources, as well as vaccines, are compared and discussed here. We expect this review will provide some new views and recommendations for the future better prevention and control of vibriosis in Asian fish culture.
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2

Matamp, Nandita, and Sarita Bhat. "Phage Endolysins as Potential Antimicrobials against Multidrug Resistant Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Current Status of Research and Challenges Ahead." Microorganisms 7, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7030084.

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Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus, the causative agents of Vibriosis in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, are also responsible for fatal illnesses such as gastroenteritis, septicemia, and necrotizing fasciitis in humans via the ingestion of contaminated seafood. Aquaculture farmers often rely on extensive prophylactic use of antibiotics in farmed fish to mitigate Vibrios and their biofilms. This has been postulated as being of serious concern in the escalation of antibiotic resistant Vibrios. For this reason, alternative strategies to combat aquaculture pathogens are in high demand. Bacteriophage-derived lytic enzymes and proteins are of interest to the scientific community as promising tools with which to diminish our dependency on antibiotics. Lysqdvp001 is the best-characterized endolysin with lytic activity against multiple species of Vibrios. Various homologues of Vibrio phage endolysins have also been studied for their antibacterial potential. These novel endolysins are the major focus of this mini review.
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3

Thompson, C. C., F. L. Thompson, K. Vandemeulebroecke, B. Hoste, P. Dawyndt, and J. Swings. "Use of recA as an alternative phylogenetic marker in the family Vibrionaceae." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02963-0.

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This study analysed the usefulness of recA gene sequences as an alternative phylogenetic and/or identification marker for vibrios. The recA sequences suggest that the genus Vibrio is polyphyletic. The high heterogeneity observed within vibrios was congruent with former polyphasic taxonomic studies on this group. Photobacterium species clustered together and apparently nested within vibrios, while Grimontia hollisae was apart from other vibrios. Within the vibrios, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus clustered apart from the other genus members. Vibrio harveyi- and Vibrio splendidus-related species formed compact separated groups. On the other hand, species related to Vibrio tubiashii appeared scattered in the phylogenetic tree. The pairs Vibrio coralliilyticus and Vibrio neptunius, Vibrio nereis and Vibrio xuii and V. tubiashii and Vibrio brasiliensis clustered completely apart from each other. There was a correlation of 0·58 between recA and 16S rDNA pairwise similarities. Strains of the same species have at least 94 % recA sequence similarity. recA gene sequences are much more discriminatory than 16S rDNA. For 16S rDNA similarity values above 98 % there was a wide range of recA similarities, from 83 to 99 %.
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4

WONG, HIN-CHUNG, WAN-RU SHIEH, and YEONG-SHENG LEE. "Toxigenic Characterization of Vibrios Isolated from Foods Available in Taiwan." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 980–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.11.980.

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Several Vibrio species have been implicated in diarrheal diseases and wound infection, and some foods are important vehicles for these pathogens. A number of these vibrios isolated from food produced extracellular heat-labile or heat-stable hemolysin and cytotoxins, but only a few strains hybridized to nucleic acid probes of Shiga-like toxin, cholera toxin, or thermostable direct hemolysin. These vibrios also produced extracellular or cell-mediated mouse-lethal factors. The vibrios from foods may produce toxins not identical or related to the common toxins of Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, or Vibrio parahaetnolyticus.
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5

WONG, HIN-CHUNG, LI-LI CHEN, and CHUNG-MING YU. "Occurrence of Vibrios in Frozen Seafoods and Survival of Psychrotrophic Vibrio cholerae in Broth and Shrimp Homogenate at Low Temperatures." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.3.263.

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Pathogenic vibrios are important etiologic agents in tropical regions and have been frequently recovered from seafoods and aquacultured foods. In this study, commercially frozen seafoods including peeled shrimps and fish and shrimp dumplings were examined. Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibria fluvialis were recovered at 36.0%, 15.8%, 14.9% and 13.2%, respectively. A number of psychrotrophic vibrios were selected and their survival in tryptic soy broth (TSB) supplemented with 1% sodium chloride (NaCl) (TSBS medium) and shrimp homogenate at 4°C and −30°C were studied. Two psychrotrophic non-O1 V. cholerae (laboratory stocks no 128 and 129) survived well at these low temperatures. Counts decreased by about 1 log/ml in TSBS medium at 4°C for 6 days and 3 log/ml at −30°C for 3 days. Shrimp homogenate provided better protection than TSBS medium for psychrotrophic V. cholerae at −30°C. Survival of V. cholerae at low temperatures was further increased by the addition of 0.5% of heated pyrophosphate and metaphosphate, probably by decreasing the lethality of the cold injury to the cells. Measures should be taken to minimize the risk from pathogenic vibrios in frozen seafoods, especially if phosphates are used and psychrotrophic strains are present.
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6

Urakawa, Hidetoshi, Kumiko Kita-Tsukamoto, and Kouichi Ohwada. "Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of psychrophilic and psychrotrophic Vibrio and Photobacterium from the north-western Pacific Ocean and Otsuchi Bay, Japan." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-128.

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Typing and identification of 60 marine psychrophilic and psychrotrophic vibrios isolated from the north-western Pacific Ocean and coastal environment of Japan were performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on the basis of polymerase chain reaction amplified 16S rDNA. We obtained 15 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by digestion with four restriction endonucleases (HhaI, DdeI, RsaI, and Sau3AI); four large groups were obtained from the neighbor-joining method. Significant differences were observed in OTU composition between isolates from the deep sea and coastal areas. Vibrio marinus and Photobacterium species were the dominant culturable vibrios in the deep sea areas, while Vibrio splendidus like species were the dominant culturable vibrios in a coastal area of Japan.Key words: restriction analysis, Vibrio, Photobacterium, Vibrio marinus (Moritella marina), Vibrio splendidus.
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7

Thongchankaew, Uraiwan, Pimonsri Mittraparp-arthorn, Pharanai Sukhumungoon, Natta Tansila, Taiyeebah Nuidate, Mitsuaki Nishibuchi, and Varaporn Vuddhakul. "Occurrence of potentially pathogenic vibrios and related environmental factors in Songkhla Lake, Thailand." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 57, no. 11 (November 2011): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w11-084.

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Vibrios are halophilic bacteria that are ubiquitous in marine environments. Their occurrence in tropical lakes has rarely been investigated. In this study, the predominance and diversity of Vibrio spp. was investigated over a 12-month period in a coastal lagoon, Songkhla Lake, in southern Thailand. Water samples were collected at 2 stations in the estuary near Yor Island in Songkhla Lake. The predominant vibrios were detected by a culture-based method, using thiosulfate–citrate–bile salt–sucrose agar and CHROMagar Vibrio. The diversity of Vibrio spp. was evaluated using denaturant density gradient electrophoresis (DGGE). The highest numbers of total vibrios and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in both areas were observed during the summer. There was no significant correlation between the numbers of vibrios, including V. parahaemolyticus, and either the water temperature or plankton density. Variations in Vibrio species were observed with changes in salinity. Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 were detected during the rainy season when the salinity dropped to nearly 0 parts per thousand. In both areas, V. alginolyticus was the most prominent species detected by the culture method, whereas Vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected by DGGE, every month. Other Vibrio spp. of potential public health concern were also detected by the culture method; they included V. vulnificus , V. fluvialis , and V. mimicus .
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8

Ibarra Trujillo, Jimmy, Alvaro Delgado, and Débora Alvarado. "Vibrios no Epidémicos y Vibrio cholerae O1 Asociados a Enfermedad Diarreica Aguda. Evento Climatológico. "El Niño" - 1998. Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 60, no. 4 (April 7, 2014): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v60i4.4382.

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OBJETIVOS: Aislar e identificar Vibrio cholerae O1 y especies de vibrios no epidémicos asociados a casos de enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA) durante 1998, dentro del evento climatológico "El Niño" Oscilación del Sur (ENOS). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Durante los meses de verano de 1998 se realizó 70 coprocultivos de pacientes con EDA admitidos en la sala de emergencia del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo de Lima. Se estudió colonias aisladas en Agar TCBS. Los aislados fueron sometidos a pruebas bioquímicas y serológicas para la identificación de Vibrio cholerae O1. La identificación de vibrios no epidémicos y otros vibrios patogénicos se realizó tomando en consideración las características descritas en el Manual de Sistemática Bacteriana de Bergey (1994). RESULTADOS: Los resultados indican que el mayor numero de casos estudiados estuvieron asociados a Vibrio cholerae O1 como agente etiológico único (64,3%) o relacionados a otras especies de Vibrio (4,2%). Se relata 2 casos (2,9%) que involucraron a V. vulnificus y 3 (4,3%) a V. parahaemolyticus como agentes etiológicos de diarrea aguda. CONCLUSIONES: La asociación de Vibrio cholerae O1 con otras especies de vibrios no epidémicos permitiría establecer una relación directa entre las infecciones diarreicas estudiadas y el ENOS.
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9

Amaral, Gilda Rose S., Graciela M. Dias, Michiyo Wellington-Oguri, Luciane Chimetto, Mariana E. Campeão, Fabiano L. Thompson, and Cristiane C. Thompson. "Genotype to phenotype: identification of diagnostic vibrio phenotypes using whole genome sequences." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_2 (February 1, 2014): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.057927-0.

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Vibrios are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and can be found in association with animal or plant hosts. The range of ecological relationships includes pathogenic and mutualistic associations. To gain a better understanding of the ecology of these microbes, it is important to determine their phenotypic features. However, the traditional phenotypic characterization of vibrios has been expensive, time-consuming and restricted in scope to a limited number of features. In addition, most of the commercial systems applied for phenotypic characterization cannot characterize the broad spectrum of environmental strains. A reliable and possible alternative is to obtain phenotypic information directly from whole genome sequences. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of whole genome sequences as a source of phenotypic information. We performed a comparison of the vibrio phenotypes obtained from the literature with the phenotypes obtained from whole genome sequences. We observed a significant correlation between the previously published phenotypic data and the phenotypic data retrieved from whole genome sequences of vibrios. Analysis of 26 vibrio genomes revealed that all genes coding for the specific proteins involved in the metabolic pathways responsible for positive phenotypes of the 14 diagnostic features (Voges–Proskauer reaction, indole production, arginine dihydrolase, ornithine decarboxylase, utilization of myo-inositol, sucrose and l-leucine, and fermentation of d-mannitol, d-sorbitol, l-arabinose, trehalose, cellobiose, d-mannose and d-galactose) were found in the majority of the vibrios genomes. Vibrio species that were negative for a given phenotype revealed the absence of all or several genes involved in the respective biochemical pathways, indicating the utility of this approach to characterize the phenotypes of vibrios. The absence of the global regulation and regulatory proteins in the Vibrio parahaemolyticus genome indicated a non-vibrio phenotype. Whole genome sequences represent an important source for the phenotypic identification of vibrios.
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10

Le Roux, Frédérique, and Melanie Blokesch. "Eco-evolutionary Dynamics Linked to Horizontal Gene Transfer in Vibrios." Annual Review of Microbiology 72, no. 1 (September 8, 2018): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-090817-062148.

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Vibrio is a genus of ubiquitous heterotrophic bacteria found in aquatic environments. Although they are a small percentage of the bacteria in these environments, vibrios can predominate during blooms. Vibrios also play important roles in the degradation of polymeric substances, such as chitin, and in other biogeochemical processes. Vibrios can be found as free-living bacteria, attached to particles, or associated with other organisms in a mutualistic, commensal, or pathogenic relationship. This review focuses on vibrio ecology and genome plasticity, which confers an ability to adapt to new niches and is driven, at least in part, by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The extent of HGT and its role in pathogen emergence are discussed based on genomic studies of environmental and pathogenic vibrios, mobile genetically encoded virulence factors, and mechanistic studies on the different modes of HGT.
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11

Zampieri, Angela, Massimiliano Babbucci, Lisa Carraro, Massimo Milan, Luca Fasolato, and Barbara Cardazzo. "Combining Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods: New Methodology Insight on the Vibrio Community of Ruditapes philippinarum." Foods 10, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061271.

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Vibrios represent a natural contaminant of seafood products. V. alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus are the most hazardous species to human health. Given the worldwide consumption of mollusc products, reliable detection of Vibrio species is recommended to prevent human vibriosis. In this study, culture-dependent and -independent methods were compared and integrated to implement knowledge of the Manila clam Vibrio community composition. Here, 16S and recA-pyrH metabarcoding were applied to compare the microbial communities of homogenate clam samples (culture-independent method) and their culture-derived samples plated on three different media (culture-dependent method). In addition, a subset of plated clam samples was investigated using shotgun metagenomics. Homogenate metabarcoding characterized the most abundant taxa (16S) and Vibrio species (recA-pyrH). Culture-dependent metabarcoding detected the cultivable taxa, including rare species. Moreover, marine agar medium was found to be a useful substrate for the recovery of several Vibrio species, including the main human pathogenic ones. The culture-dependent shotgun metagenomics detected all the main human pathogenic Vibrio species and a higher number of vibrios with respect to the recA-pyrH metabarcoding. The study revealed that integration of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods might be a valid approach for the characterization of Vibrio biodiversity.
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12

Thompson, Cristiane C., Fabiano L. Thompson, Ana Carolina P. Vicente, and Jean Swings. "Phylogenetic analysis of vibrios and related species by means of atpA gene sequences." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 2480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65223-0.

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We investigated the use of atpA gene sequences as alternative phylogenetic and identification markers for vibrios. A fragment of 1322 bp (corresponding to approximately 88 % of the coding region) was analysed in 151 strains of vibrios. The relationships observed were in agreement with the phylogeny inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. For instance, the Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio halioticoli, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio splendidus species groups appeared in the atpA gene phylogenetic analyses, suggesting that these groups may be considered as separate genera within the current Vibrio genus. Overall, atpA gene sequences appeared to be more discriminatory for species differentiation than 16S rRNA gene sequences. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities above 97 % corresponded to atpA gene sequences similarities above 80 %. The intraspecies variation in the atpA gene sequence was about 99 % sequence similarity. The results showed clearly that atpA gene sequences are a suitable alternative for the identification and phylogenetic study of vibrios.
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13

Hernández Mendoza, Dulce Maripaz, Pablo San Martín del Ángel, Catya Jiménez Torres, and Rosa Idalia Hernández Herrera. "Monitoreo de vibrio spp. en ostiones Crassostrea virginica de las lagunas de Tamiahua y Tampamachoco, Veracruz, México." Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47808/revistabioagro.v9i1.346.

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Vibrio es un género ampliamente distribuído en ambientes estuarinos y marinos, adaptable y con rápida propagación de sus cepas. Los moluscos bivalvos son reservorios potenciales de Vibrios, su consumo está relacionado con el desarrollo de vibriosis leve como gastroenteritis hasta septicemia grave o la muerte. Por lo cual es importante el monitoreo continuo en las áreas de extraccion y distribución para evaluar el riesgo para la salud humana derivado del consumo de moluscos y garantizar la inocuidad de estos bivalvos. En el presente estudio se determinaron las diferencias estacionales en la presencia y abundancia de Vibrios durante las fases de recolección (bancos ostrícolas) y post-recolección (cooperativas y restaurantes) en ostiones Crassostrea virginica de las lagunas de Tamiahua y Tampamachoco, Veracruz, México. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de trece sitios al azar durante el año 2018. El aislamiento bacteriano se realizó por el método de siembra por dilución en medio TCBS y recuento en placa de acuerdo a la NOM-031-SSA1-1993. El análisis estadístico indicó que no existieron diferencias espaciales significativas, no obstante, se presentaron diferencias estacionales. En esta investigación, se evidencia por primera vez, la presencia de Vibrio spp. en ostiones de las cooperativas de estudio. También se reporta la ausencia de este género bacteriano en los restaurantes adyacentes. En general, los resultados muestran la necesidad de aplicar medidas dirigidas a reducir la presencia de Vibrios durante la fase de post-recolección de ostiones, con la finalidad de disminuir el riesgo de infección por Vibrio spp. en los consumidores.
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Ntema, V. M., N. Potgieter, and T. G. Barnard. "Detection of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus by molecular and culture based methods from source water to household container-stored water at the point-of-use in South African rural communities." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 12 (June 1, 2010): 3091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.222.

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Detection methods for Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus which included the culture based approach with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation, PCR detection without enrichment and PCR with a pre-enrichment were developed and their performance evaluated. PCR assays targeted the SodB (V. cholerae species), Flae (V. parahaemolyticus species), 16S rRNA (Vibrio and Enterobacteriacea species) genes (Multiplex 1) and V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139 rfb genes, ctxA (cholera toxin) gene and 16S rRNA gene (Multiplex 2). These methods were used to determine the occurrence of selected Vibrios in source water as well as in household container-stored water. The combination of filtration, enrichment and PCR method provided a sensitive and specific method for the detection of selected Vibrios in water samples. The PCR with a pre-enrichment method detected as few as 4–10 cfu/100 mL of selected Vibrios and PCR detection without the enrichment method detected as few as 40–100 cfu/100 mL of selected Vibrios. The inclusion of an enrichment period allows detection of culturable bacteria. As an application of the developed methods, V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus were detected in the source water used by the population and in the water-storage containers. The results indicate that Vibrio species in the containers could have originated from the source water and survive in biofilms inside the containers.
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15

Costa, Renata A., Giselle C. Silva, Jackson R. O. Peixoto, Gustavo H. F. Vieira, and Regine H. S. F. Vieira. "Quantification and distribution of vibrio species in water from an estuary in Ceará-Brazil impacted by shrimp farming." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 58, no. 3 (September 2010): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592010000300001.

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Vibrios were quantified and their distribution determined for the estuary of the Coreaú river, in Northeastern Brazil, based on 24 water samples collected between June and October 2005. The most probable number of vibrios per 100 mL ranged from 230 x 10³ to 240 x 10(11). The pH value was the environmental factor most strongly associated with the abundance of vibrios. Sixty-two vibrio strains were isolated belonging to 15 species (6 of which observed in June-September and 8 in October). The most frequently isolated species were V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae.
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WONG, HIN-CHUNG, LI-LI CHEN, and CHUNG-MING YU. "Survival of Psychrotrophic Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Culture Broth at Low Temperatures." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.7.607.

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Pathogenic vibrios are important etiologic agents in tropical regions and have been frequently recovered from seafoods and aquacultured foods. A number of psychrotrophic vibrios were isolated and selected from frozen seafoods and their survivals in tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 4°C and −30°C were studied. These psychrotrophic strains showed good survival at low temperatures and could probably enhance the risk of vibrios in frozen foods. Vibrio mimicus 70 and 198, Vibrio fluvialis 52 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus 205 survived well at 10°C, 4°C and −30°C, while the non-cold fitter V. fluvialis 28 was completely inactivated in the test periods. These strains were not heat resistant and could be easily inactivated by heat treatment. Effect of phosphates may be different for. various Vibrio species at low temperatures. Survival of V. parahaemolyticus 205 was significantly protected by the heated metaphosphate at 4°C by lowering the lethality of cold injured cells but not by increasing the level of uninjured viable cells. Pyrophosphate was inhibitory to this V. parahaemolyticus strain at −30°C.
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17

PARISI, A., G. NORMANNO, N. ADDANTE, A. DAMBROSIO, C. O. MONTAGNA, N. C. QUAGLIA, G. V. CELANO, and D. CHIOCCO. "Market Survey of Vibrio spp. and Other Microrganisms in Italian Shellfish." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.10.2284.

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A survey was conducted of Vibrio spp., Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms, and Salmonella in 644 molluscan shellfish samples marketed in the Apulia region of southern Italy. Vibrios were found in 278 samples (43%), and levels of E. coli and fecal coliforms were above the Italian legal limit in 27 and 34 samples (4 and 5%), respectively. Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples. Because the majority of the vibrio isolates were found in samples that were compliant with Italian regulations, there appears to be no relationship between the presence of microorganisms of fecal origin and the presence of vibrios potentially harmful to human health.
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18

Moreira, Ana Paula B., Nei Pereira, and Fabiano L. Thompson. "Usefulness of a real-time PCR platform for G+C content and DNA–DNA hybridization estimations in vibrios." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 2379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.023606-0.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a real-time PCR platform to estimate the DNA G+C content (mol%) and DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) values in the genus Vibrio. In total, nine vibrio strains were used to determine the relationship between genomic DNA G+C content and T m (°C). The T m and HPLC datasets fit a linear regression curve with a significant correlation coefficient, corroborating that this methodology has a high correlation with the standard methodology based on HPLC (R2 = 0.94). Analysis of 31 pairs of vibrios provided a wide range of ΔT m values, varying between 0.72 and 12.5 °C. Pairs corresponding to strains of the same species or strains from sister species showed the lowest ΔT m values. For instance, the ΔT m of the sister species Vibrio harveyi LMG 4044T and Vibrio campbellii LMG 11216T was 5.2 °C, whereas the ΔT m of Vibrio coralliilyticus LMG 20984T and Vibrio neptunius LMG 20536T was 8.75 °C. The mean ΔT m values corresponding to pairs of strains with DDH values lower than 60 % or higher than 80 % were, respectively, 8.29 and 2.21 °C (significant difference, P<0.01). The high correlation between DDH values obtained in previous studies and the ΔT m values (R2 = 0.7344) indicates that the fluorimetric methodology is a reliable alternative for the estimation of both DNA G+C content and ΔT m in vibrios. We suggest that strains of the same Vibrio species will have less than 4 °C ΔT m. The use of a real-time PCR platform represents a valuable alternative for the development of the taxonomy of vibrios.
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19

Desmarchelier, P. "Vibrios." Pathology 25 (1993): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3025(16)35779-8.

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20

LAMON, SONIA, SIMONETTA G. CONSOLATI, FEDERICA FOIS, MARIA G. CAMBULA, MARGHERITA PES, GABRIELLA PORCHEDDU, VANESSA AGUS, GIUSEPPE ESPOSITO, ANNA MUREDDU, and DOMENICO MELONI. "Occurrence, Seasonal Distribution, and Molecular Characterization of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shellfish (Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes decussatus) Collected in Sardinia (Italy)." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 11 (October 11, 2019): 1851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-021.

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ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the occurrence, seasonal distribution, and molecular characterization of pathogenic vibrios in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and grooved carpet shells (Ruditapes decussatus) from two harvesting areas of Sardinia (Italy). Samples collected before and after depuration were submitted for qualitative and quantitative determination of Vibrio spp. Vibrio spp. isolates were presumptively identified by means of biochemical methods. Identification and virulence profile of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus were performed by molecular methods. The prevalence of Vibrio spp. in M. galloprovincialis and R. decussatus was, respectively, 96 and 77%. The averaged enumeration (mean ± standard deviation) of Vibrio spp. in samples of M. galloprovincialis and R. decussatus collected at the harvesting time was 2.04 ± 0.45 and 2.51 ± 0.65 log CFU/g, respectively. The average contamination levels in samples collected after purification were 2.28 ± 0.58 log CFU/g (M. galloprovincialis) and 2.12 ± 0.67 log CFU/g (R. decussatus). Four potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates (tdh+ or trh+) were recovered from grooved carpet shells samples. No isolate was tdh+/trh+. The presence of potentially pathogenic vibrios in Sardinian waters strengthens the need for rational purification practices under controlled conditions to guarantee the protection of consumers.
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Kwok, Anita Y. C., Jason T. Wilson, Michael Coulthart, Lai-King Ng, Lucy Mutharia, and Anthony W. Chow. "Phylogenetic study and identification of human pathogenicVibriospecies based on partialhsp60 gene sequences." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-089.

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The use of hsp60 gene sequences for phylogenetic study and identification of pathogenic marine vibrios was investigated. A 600-bp partial hsp60 gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced from 29 strains representing 15 Vibrio species within the family Vibrionaceae. Sequence comparison of the amplified partial hsp60 gene revealed 71–82% sequence identity among different Vibrio species and 96–100% sequence identity among epidemiologically distinct strains with the same species designation. This degree of discrimination allows unambiguous differentiation of all Vibrio species included in the current study from each other, as well as from Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides, which are often misidentified as Vibrio species by conventional biochemical methods. Based on the hsp60 gene sequences, two previously unidentified shrimp isolates were found to be more closely related to Vibrio alginolyticus (93–94% sequence identity) than to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (89% sequence identity), whereas 16S rRNA gene analysis was unable to differentiate among these closely related species (95–97% sequence identity). Our results indicate that the hsp60 gene may be a useful alternative target for phylogenetic analysis and species identification of marine Vibrios to complement more conventional identification systems.Key words: Vibrio, hsp60, 16S rRNA, phylogenetic analysis, species identification.
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Thompson, Janelle R., Mark A. Randa, Luisa A. Marcelino, Aoy Tomita-Mitchell, Eelin Lim, and Martin F. Polz. "Diversity and Dynamics of a North Atlantic Coastal Vibrio Community." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 7 (July 2004): 4103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.7.4103-4110.2004.

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ABSTRACT Vibrios are ubiquitous marine bacteria that have long served as models for heterotrophic processes and have received renewed attention because of the discovery of increasing numbers of facultatively pathogenic strains. Because the occurrence of specific vibrios has frequently been linked to the temperature, salinity, and nutrient status of water, we hypothesized that seasonal changes in coastal water bodies lead to distinct vibrio communities and sought to characterize their level of differentiation. A novel technique was used to quantify shifts in 16S rRNA gene abundance in samples from Barnegat Bay, N.J., collected over a 15-month period. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) with primers specific for the genus Vibrio was combined with separation and quantification of amplicons by constant denaturant capillary electrophoresis (CDCE). Vibrio populations identified by QPCR-CDCE varied between summer and winter samples, suggesting distinct warm-water and year-round populations. Identification of the CDCE populations by cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from two summer and two winter samples confirmed this distinction. It further showed that CDCE populations corresponded in most cases to ∼98% rRNA similarity groups and suggested that the abundance of these follows temperature trends. Phylogenetic comparison yielded closely related cultured and often pathogenic representatives for most sequences, and the temperature ranges of these isolates confirmed the trends seen in the environmental samples. Overall, this suggests that temperature is a good predictor of the occurrence of closely related vibrios but that considerable microdiversity of unknown significance coexists within this trend.
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23

Duvanova, O. V., B. N. Mishankin, L. V. Romanova, and S. V. Titova. "VIBRIO CHOLERAE CHITINOLYTIC COMPLEX: THE COMPOSITION AND THE ROLE IN PERSISTANCE." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 93, no. 5 (October 28, 2016): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2016-5-94-101.

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Reviewed the paper are the composition and functions of Vibrio cholerae chitinolytic complex which play an important role in the maintaining and creating new forms of vibrios in the environment, it is better adapted to survive in environmental.
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24

Savelieva, I. V., S. N. Tikhonov, V. N. Saveliev, D. A. Kovalev, S. V. Pisarenko, E. S. Kotenev, B. V. Babenyshev, L. S. Zinich, N. N. Pidchenko, and A. N. Kulichenko. "RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR-GENETIC PROPERTIES OF STRAINS - CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF CHOLERA - ISOLATED IN UKRAINE IN 1994 - 2011." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2017-1-49-55.

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Aim. Retrospective analysis of biological and molecular-genetic properties of strains - causative agents of cholera - isolated in the period of epidemics in Ukraine in 1994 - 2011. Materials and methods. Phenotypic and molecular-genetic properties of 5 strains of cholera vibrios, biovar El Tor isolated from cholera patients and 4 strains from the environmental samples were studied using traditional bacteriological and genetic methods. Detection of DNA for toxigenicity genes and genes characteristic for El Tor and classic biovar were carried out by PCR method using reagent kits «AmpliSens- Vibrio cholerae FRT» and «.Vibrio cholerae ctxB-rstR-rstC genes, REF» (an experimental test system). Sequencing of genomes of 4 strains of causative agents of cholera was carried out in genetic analyzer Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. Results. Strains of cholera vibrios identified in Ukraine in 1994 and 2011 such as a typical toxigenic biovar El Tor (V cholerae 01, El Tor, Ogawa, Hly-, ctxA+, tcpA+) contain genes of the classic cholera vibrio in their genome and are genetically altered (hybrid) variants of cholera vibrio biovar El Tor producing enterotoxin CT1 and having increased virulence, that was clinically manifested in predominance of severe forms of cholera in Mariupol of Donetsk region in 2011. Genome sequences of the 4 studied strains were deposited into the international database DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank. Conclusion. The studied isolates were established to belong to a clade of strains associated with cholera outbreaks in Haiti and Asian continent, from where genetically altered strains of cholera vibrios biovar El Tor were introduced to Haiti in 2010, based on results of comparison of genomic sequences of the studied strains with genomes of V. cholera strains from the international database GenBank.
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NASCUMENTO, DENILDE R., REGIÑE H. S. F. VIEIRA, HAUSTON B. ALMEIDA, THAKOR R. PATEL, and SEBATIAO T. IARIA. "Survival of Vibrio cholerae 01 Strains in Shrimp Subjected to Freezing and Boiling." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 1317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.10.1317.

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This research was undertaken to assess the resistance of Vibrio cholerae 01 strains inoculated into white shrimp, Penaeus schimitti, to heating and freezing treatments. Shrimp samples with and without carapace were obtained from Sao Luis, Brazil. Microbial analysis revealed the presence of marine vibrios including Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and other vibrios and aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria that grew on selective medium, thiosulfate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose agar. Samples with and without carapaces were heated before inoculating with cells of V. cholerae and then one-half of the samples was stored frozen at −200°C and the other one-half was heated to boiling temperatures. Viable cells of the test organism were recovered from samples without carapaces, stored under frozen conditions, after 36 days. In contrast, no living cells were recovered after 26 days from samples with carapaces. Boiling temperatures were very damaging to V. cholerae 01 in shrimp samples with and without carapaces. Total destruction of the cells occurred within 1 to 2 min of exposure to heating.
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Han, Feifei, Robert D. Walker, Marlene E. Janes, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul, and Beilei Ge. "Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Isolates from Louisiana Gulf and Retail Raw Oysters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 21 (September 7, 2007): 7096–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01116-07.

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ABSTRACT The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 168 Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 151 Vibrio vulnificus isolates recovered from 82 Louisiana Gulf and retail oysters in 2005 and 2006 were determined. Overall, the two vibrios remained susceptible to the majority of antimicrobials tested; reduced susceptibility was detected only in V. parahaemolyticus for ampicillin (81%; MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml). Additionally, V. parahaemolyticus displayed significantly higher MICs for cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline than V. vulnificus.
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Sampaio, Ana, Vanessa Silva, Patrícia Poeta, and Florin Aonofriesei. "Vibrio spp.: Life Strategies, Ecology, and Risks in a Changing Environment." Diversity 14, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14020097.

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Vibrios are ubiquitous bacteria in aquatic systems, especially marine ones, and belong to the Gammaproteobacteria class, the most diverse class of Gram-negative bacteria. The main objective of this review is to update the information regarding the ecology of Vibrio species, and contribute to the discussion of their potential risk in a changing environment. As heterotrophic organisms, Vibrio spp. live freely in aquatic environments, from marine depths to the surface of the water column, and frequently may be associated with micro- and macroalgae, invertebrates, and vertebrates such as fish, or live in symbiosis. Some Vibrio spp. are pathogenic to humans and animals, and there is evidence that infections caused by vibrios are increasing in the world. This rise may be related to global changes in human behavior (increases in tourism, maritime traffic, consumption of seafood, aquaculture production, water demand, pollution), and temperature. Most likely in the future, Vibrio spp. in water and in seafood will be monitored in order to safeguard human and animal health. Regulators of the microbiological quality of water (marine and freshwater) and food for human and animal consumption, professionals involved in marine and freshwater production chains, consumers and users of aquatic resources, and health professionals will be challenged to anticipate and mitigate new risks.
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Magalhães, Vera, Marcelo Magalhães, and Lilian R. M. Marques. "Vibrios among patients of good socioeconomic conditions during the cholera epidemic in Recife, Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 35, no. 4 (August 1993): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651993000400007.

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Between March and July, 1992, we screened for Vibrio all fecal samples submitted for bacteriologic diagnosis at a private clinical laboratory in Recife. Of 1435 cultures examined only 1 (0.07%) was positive for V.cholerae 01, biovar Eltor, serovar Inaba, but 17 (1.2%) yielded non-cholera Vibrio (V.cholerae non-01; V.fluvialis; V.furnissii, V.parahaemolyticus and Vibrio spp). Thus, V.cholerae 01, differently of other enteropathogenic vibrios, spared individuals of good socioeconomic conditions even during the cholera epidemic, which made hundreds of victims in the neighboring slums.
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Iida, Tetsuya, Kozo Makino, Hatsumi Nasu, Katsushi Yokoyama, Kenichi Tagomori, Akiko Hattori, Toshihiro Okuno, Hideo Shinagawa, and Takeshi Honda. "Filamentous Bacteriophages of Vibrios Are Integrated into the dif-Like Site of the Host Chromosome." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 17 (September 1, 2002): 4933–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.17.4933-4935.2002.

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ABSTRACT The dif site is located in the replication terminus region of bacterial chromosomes, having a function of resolving dimeric chromosomes formed during replication. We demonstrate that filamentous bacteriophages of vibrios, such as f237 (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and CTXφ (V. cholerae), are integrated into the dif-like site of host chromosome.
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30

Kritsky, A. A., N. I. Smirnova, T. B. Kalyaeva, N. F. Obrotkina, I. V. Gracheva, A. D. Katyshev, and V. V. Kutyrev. "Comparative Analysis of Molecular-Genetic Properties in Non-Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains Biovar El Tor, Isolated in Russia and on Cholera Endemic Territories." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 3 (October 23, 2021): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2021-3-72-82.

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Objective of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of molecular-genetic properties in non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 strains biovar El Tor, isolated in the Republic of Kalmykia and on cholera endemic territories and to reveal their phylogenetic relations to toxigenic isolates.Materials and methods. We have carried out bio-information analysis of whole genome sequences of 60 cholera vibrio strains from endemic as regards cholera regions and from Kalmykia. The presence of pathogenicity and endemicity islands in their genomes has been determined. Specifed have been the sequence-types of the examined strains and whole genome SNP-analysis conducted.Results and discussion. Non-toxigenic El Tor vibrios circulating in Kalmykia are clustered into two major genotypes: ctxA–tcpA+VPI-2+VSP– and ctxA–tcpA–VPI-2Δ+VSP–, where VPI-2 Δ+ signifes the presence of deletions of varying length in the genome of this pathogenicity island. Only the latter one is found in regions endemic for cholera. In addition, ctxA– tcpA+VPI-2+VSP+ populations circulate in cholera endemic foci, not found in Kalmykia. 17 sequence-types were identifed among the studied strains (by seven housekeeping gene loci). Phylogenetic analysis performed using SNP-typing demonstrated the absence of close genetic relation between the ctxA–tcpA+VPI-2+VSP– vibrios from Kalmykia and both toxigenic and non-toxigenic vibrios with different composition of pathogenicity and pandemicity islands in the genome. At the same time, genetic proximity of ctxA–tcpA–VPI-2Δ+VSP– cholera vibrios from endemic cholera foci with those isolated in Kalmykia was detected, which may indicate the possibility of their recurrent importation into the territory of Russia. Non-toxigenic V. cholerae strains found in the territory of Kalmykia are characterized by a high genetic diversity. Circulation of the strains with unique sequence-types suggests their potential for long-term persistence on this territory. At the same time, phylogenetic closeness and identity of certain strains with strains from endemic territories can be an evidence of repeated importation.
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31

Pramanik, Avijit, and Raj Kamal Vibhuti. "Molecular Mechanism of Iron Transport Systems in Vibrio." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.16.1.77.

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The ability to acquire iron from the environment is often an important virulence factor for pathogenic bacteria and Vibrios are no exception to this. Vibrios are reported mainly from marine habitats and most of the species are pathogenic. Among those, the pathogenic vibrios eg. V cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus causes foodborne illnesses. Vibrios are capable of producing all different classes of siderophores like hydroxamate (aerobactin), catecholate (vibriobactin, fluvibactin), carboxylate (vibrioferrin), and amphiphilic (amphibactin). Every different species of vibrios are capable of utilizing some endogenous or xenosiderophores. Being Gram-negative bacteria, Vibrios import iron siderophore via TonB dependent transport system and unlike other Gamma proteobacteria these usually possess two or even three partially redundant TonB systems for iron siderophore transport. Other than selected few iron siderophores, most pathogenic Vibrios are known to be able to utilize heme as the sole iron source, while some species are capable of importing free iron from the environment. As per the present knowledge, the spectrum of iron compound transport and utilization in Vibrios is better understood than the siderophore biosynthetic capability of individual species.
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Urakawa, Hidetoshi, Kumiko Kita-Tsukamoto, and Kouichi Ohwada. "16S rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of psychrotrophic vibrios from Japanese coastal water." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 45, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 1001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-105.

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Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was carried out for 136 natural isolates belonging to the family Vibrionaceae. These were collected from inshore areas of Japan, mainly in winter. Twenty-eight 16S rDNA genotypes were obtained by digestion with four restriction endonucleases (HhaI, DdeI, RsaI, and Sau3AI). To estimate the genetic relationships, 53 informative fragments were scored by their presence or absence. A dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic averages algorithm. Five RFLP groups (groups I to V) were obtained. Group I corresponded to Vibrio splendidus-like strains. It was confirmed that this group was not only found in Otsuchi Bay, but also in broad coastal areas of Japan. Group II strains were not identified as previously known Vibrio species. Group III strains were regarded as members of the Vibrio main group, which is a major phylogenetic group deduced from 16S rRNA gene analysis in the family Vibrionaceae. The RFLP profile indicated that Group IV strains were closely related to V. hollisae. Group V strains showed RFLP patterns which have not been observed previously. From the clustering analysis, it was concluded that group V strains were not Vibrio species. Most of the isolates studied were not identified as previously described species. It suggests that many psychrotrophic vibrios in cold marine environments remain as unknown species.Key words: Vibrio, vibrios, psychrotroph, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, Vibrio splendidus.
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33

HUAT, JOHN TANG YEW, YAP KOK LEONG, and HING HIANG LIAN. "Laboratory Study of Vibrio cholerae O1 Survival on Three Types of Boiled Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Held at Room Temperature." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 2453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.12.2453.

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This study examined whether the survival of Vibrio cholerae O1 on contaminated cooked rice was influenced by the type of rice. Vibrios survived unchanged on clumps of glutinous white rice (wet, grains adhered) held at room temperature for 24 h. On nonglutinous white rice (slightly moist, grains separate), 30% viable vibrios remained at 24 h. On nonglutinous brown rice (moist, separate, covered with a mucus-like substance), the number of vibrios increased 2.7-fold at 24 h. Survival rates of vibrios on the surfaces of a row of five cooked rice grains after 2 h of exposure at room temperature were 86, 29, 12, and 4% for glutinous rice, white rice, and the endosperm and pericarp of brown rice, respectively. (Each boiled brown rice grain surface was partly pericarp and partly endosperm, which became exposed by a rupture of the pericarp.) Covering each inoculated grain with a similar cooked rice grain surface increased the corresponding figures to 93, 99, 60, and 94%. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that each type of cooked grain surface possessed a distinct microtopography. For example, the surfaces of glutinous rice grains consisted of separated overlapping strips with many holes, while the pericarps of brown rice were flat interspersed with small pits. In conclusion, each type of boiled rice produced a distinct survival pattern of V. cholerae O1 caused by both the distinct gross features and the fine surface characteristics of the rice. The significance of this finding is that the type of rice consumed can be a factor in cholera transmission by contaminated rice.
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34

Silveira, Ana Cristina G., Kelly L. Robertson, Baochuan Lin, Zheng Wang, Gary J. Vora, Ana Tereza R. Vasconcelos, and Fabiano L. Thompson. "Identification of non-coding RNAs in environmental vibrios." Microbiology 156, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 2452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.039149-0.

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The discovery of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has been mainly limited to laboratory model systems and human pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we begin to explore the ncRNA diversity in four recently sequenced environmental Vibrio species (Vibrio alginolyticus 40B, Vibrio communis 1DA3, Vibrio mimicus VM573 and Vibrio campbellii BAA-1116) by performing in silico searches using Infernal and Rfam for the identification of putative ncRNA-encoding genes. This search method resulted in the identification of 31–38 putative ncRNA genes per species and the total ncRNA catalogue spanned an assortment of regulatory mechanisms (riboswitches, cis-encoded ncRNAs, trans-encoded ncRNAs, modulators of protein activity, ribonucleoproteins, transcription termination ncRNAs and unknown). We chose to experimentally validate the identifications for V. campbellii BAA-1116 using a microarray-based expression profiling strategy. Transcript hybridization to tiled probes targeting annotated V. campbellii BAA-1116 intergenic regions revealed that 21 of the 38 predicted ncRNA genes were expressed in mid-exponential-phase cultures grown in nutrient-rich medium. The microarray findings were confirmed by testing a subset of three highly expressed (6S, tmRNA and TPP-2) and three moderately expressed (CsrB, GcvB and purine) ncRNAs via reverse transcription PCR. Our findings provide new information on the diversity of ncRNA in environmental vibrios while simultaneously promoting a more accurate annotation of genomic intergenic regions.
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Martin, Yvan P., and Jean-Luc Bonnefont. "Variations annuelles et identification des Vibrions cultivant à 37 °C dans un effluent urbain, dans des moules et dans l'eau de mer en rade de Toulon (Méditerranée, France)." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-008.

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Annual variations of vibrios able to proliferate at 37 °C have been studied in various conditions: in urban waste water discharged in the Toulon harbour, in mussels subjected or not to those discharges, and in seawater far from the waste water effluent (for reference). Mean concentration values were nearly similar in the effluent and seawater samples, in the order of 500 bacteria/100 mL, and 400 bacteria/mL in ground mussels, with concentrations showing great variability. In all cases, seasonal abundance fluctuations occurred, with a minimum in winter. A total of 214 vibrio strains were analyzed and identified. The effluent population was the most diversified, including several species of sanitary interest such as Vibrio fluvialis (29.3%), V. cholerae (non O1) (13.4%), and V. metschnikovii (11.0%), as well as other species more typically marine, notably V. alginolyticus (11.0%). In seawater, the latter species was largely represented (48.6%), but other representatives of this genus were also present, such as V. harveyi, V. campbellii, or V. fishcheri; no strain of V. metschnikovii was isolated. The specific composition of the population associated with mussels was similar to that found in seawater. Key words: vibrios, urban sewage, mussels, seawater, annual fluctuations. [Journal translation]
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Boyko, A. V., N. P. Pogorelova, Yu Yu Chernikova, and T. M. Zhigareva. "The first cases of acute intestinal infections caused by parahaemolytic vibriones in a freshwater region." Kazan medical journal 70, no. 3 (June 15, 1989): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj99842.

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During the last 10-15 years intestinal infections caused by parahaemolytic vibrio have been registered in many countries of Asia, Europe, South and North America and in Australia. The frequency of isolation of this pathogen from patients varies from 1.5 to 15%. In Japan, parahaemolytic vibrios has become a national problem. In the vast majority of cases, parahaemolytic vibrio-induced illnesses have been shown to be associated with exposure to seawater and consumption of seafood, even when they occur in areas far from the sea.
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Thompson, F. L., D. Gevers, C. C. Thompson, P. Dawyndt, S. Naser, B. Hoste, C. B. Munn, and J. Swings. "Phylogeny and Molecular Identification of Vibrios on the Basis of Multilocus Sequence Analysis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 9 (September 2005): 5107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.9.5107-5115.2005.

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ABSTRACT We analyzed the usefulness of rpoA, recA, and pyrH gene sequences for the identification of vibrios. We sequenced fragments of these loci from a collection of 208 representative strains, including 192 well-documented Vibrionaceae strains and 16 presumptive Vibrio isolates associated with coral bleaching. In order to determine the intraspecies variation among the three loci, we included several representative strains per species. The phylogenetic trees constructed with the different genetic loci were roughly in agreement with former polyphasic taxonomic studies, including the 16S rRNA-based phylogeny of vibrios. The families Vibrionaceae, Photobacteriaceae, Enterovibrionaceae, and Salinivibrionaceae were all differentiated on the basis of each genetic locus. Each species clearly formed separated clusters with at least 98, 94, and 94% rpoA, recA, and pyrH gene sequence similarity, respectively. The genus Vibrio was heterogeneous and polyphyletic, with Vibrio fischeri, V. logei, and V. wodanis grouping closer to the Photobacterium genus. V. halioticoli-, V. harveyi-, V. splendidus-, and V. tubiashii-related species formed groups within the genus Vibrio. Overall, the three genetic loci were more discriminatory among species than were 16S rRNA sequences. In some cases, e.g., within the V. splendidus and V. tubiashii group, rpoA gene sequences were slightly less discriminatory than recA and pyrH sequences. In these cases, the combination of several loci will yield the most robust identification. We can conclude that strains of the same species will have at least 98, 94, and 94% rpoA, recA, and pyrH gene sequence similarity, respectively.
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Park, Kwon-Sam, Takahiro Ono, Mitsuhiro Rokuda, Myoung-Ho Jang, Kazuhisa Okada, Tetsuya Iida, and Takeshi Honda. "Functional Characterization of Two Type III Secretion Systems of Vibrio parahaemolyticus." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 11 (November 2004): 6659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.11.6659-6665.2004.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a gram-negative marine bacterium, is a worldwide cause of food-borne gastroenteritis. Recent genome sequencing of the clinical V. parahaemolyticus strain RIMD2210633 identified two sets of genes for the type III secretion system (TTSS), TTSS1 and TTSS2. Here, we constructed a series of mutant strains from RIMD2210633 to determine whether the two putative TTSS apparatus are functional. The cytotoxic activity of mutant strains having a deletion in one of the TTSS1 genes was significantly decreased compared with that of the parent and TTSS2-related mutant strains. In an enterotoxicity assay with the rabbit ileal loop test, intestinal fluid accumulation was diminished by deletion of the TTSS2-related genes while TTSS1-related mutants caused a level of fluid accumulation similar to that of the parent. VopD, a protein encoded in the proximity of the TTSS1 region and a homologue of the Yersinia YopD, was secreted in a TTSS1-dependent manner. In contrast, VopP, which is encoded by a pathogenicity island on chromosome 2 and is homologous to the Yersinia YopP, was secreted via the TTSS2 pathway. These results provide evidence that V. parahaemolyticus TTSSs function as secretion systems and may have a role in the pathogenicity of the organism. This is the first report of functional TTSSs in Vibrio species. The presence of TTSS apparatus gene homologues was demonstrated in other vibrios, such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio tubiashii, suggesting that some other vibrios also contain TTSS and that the TTSS has a role in protein secretion in those organisms during interaction with eukaryotic cells.
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Holmberg, Scott D. "Vibrios and Aeromonas." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 2, no. 3 (September 1988): 655–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5520(20)30217-8.

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Thompson, Fabiano L., Tetsuya Iida, and Jean Swings. "Biodiversity of Vibrios." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 68, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 403–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.68.3.403-431.2004.

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SUMMARY Vibrios are ubiquitous and abundant in the aquatic environment. A high abundance of vibrios is also detected in tissues and/or organs of various marine algae and animals, e.g., abalones, bivalves, corals, fish, shrimp, sponges, squid, and zooplankton. Vibrios harbour a wealth of diverse genomes as revealed by different genomic techniques including amplified fragment length polymorphism, multilocus sequence typing, repetetive extragenic palindrome PCR, ribotyping, and whole-genome sequencing. The 74 species of this group are distributed among four different families, i.e., Enterovibrionaceae, Photobacteriaceae, Salinivibrionaceae, and Vibrionaceae. Two new genera, i.e., Enterovibrio norvegicus and Grimontia hollisae, and 20 novel species, i.e., Enterovibrio coralii, Photobacterium eurosenbergii, V. brasiliensis, V. chagasii, V. coralliillyticus, V. crassostreae, V. fortis, V. gallicus, V. hepatarius, V. hispanicus, V. kanaloaei, V. neonatus, V. neptunius, V. pomeroyi, V. pacinii, V. rotiferianus, V. superstes, V. tasmaniensis, V. ezurae, and V. xuii, have been described in the last few years. Comparative genome analyses have already revealed a variety of genomic events, including mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, loss of genes by decay or deletion, and gene acquisitions through duplication or horizontal transfer (e.g., in the acquisition of bacteriophages, pathogenicity islands, and super-integrons), that are probably important driving forces in the evolution and speciation of vibrios. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics through the application of, e.g., microarrays will facilitate the investigation of the gene repertoire at the species level. Based on such new genomic information, the taxonomy and the species concept for vibrios will be reviewed in the next years.
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41

Okada, Kazuhisa, Tetsuya Iida, Kumiko Kita-Tsukamoto, and Takeshi Honda. "Vibrios Commonly Possess Two Chromosomes." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 2 (January 15, 2005): 752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.2.752-757.2005.

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ABSTRACT The prevalence of the two-chromosome configuration was investigated in 34 species of vibrios and closely related species. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of undigested genomic DNA suggested that vibrios commonly have two chromosomes. The size of the large chromosome is predominantly within a narrow range (3.0 to 3.3 Mb), whereas the size of the small chromosome varies considerably among the vibrios (0.8 to 2.4 Mb). This fact suggests that the structure of the small chromosome is more flexible than that of the large chromosome during the evolution of vibrios.
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42

Johnson, C. N., A. R. Flowers, N. F. Noriea, A. M. Zimmerman, J. C. Bowers, A. DePaola, and D. J. Grimes. "Relationships between Environmental Factors and Pathogenic Vibrios in the Northern Gulf of Mexico." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 21 (September 3, 2010): 7076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00697-10.

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ABSTRACT Although autochthonous vibrio densities are known to be influenced by water temperature and salinity, little is understood about other environmental factors associated with their abundance and distribution. Densities of culturable Vibrio vulnificus containing vvh (V. vulnificus hemolysin gene) and V. parahaemolyticus containing tlh (thermolabile hemolysin gene, ubiquitous in V. parahaemolyticus), tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin gene, V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity factor), and trh (tdh-related hemolysin gene, V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity factor) were measured in coastal waters of Mississippi and Alabama. Over a 19-month sampling period, vibrio densities in water, oysters, and sediment varied significantly with sea surface temperature (SST). On average, tdh-to-tlh ratios were significantly higher than trh-to-tlh ratios in water and oysters but not in sediment. Although tlh densities were lower than vvh densities in water and in oysters, the opposite was true in sediment. Regression analysis indicated that SST had a significant association with vvh and tlh densities in water and oysters, while salinity was significantly related to vibrio densities in the water column. Chlorophyll a levels in the water were correlated significantly with vvh in sediment and oysters and with pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus (tdh and trh) in the water column. Furthermore, turbidity was a significant predictor of V. parahaemolyticus density in all sample types (water, oyster, and sediment), and its role in predicting the risk of V. parahaemolyticus illness may be more important than previously realized. This study identified (i) culturable vibrios in winter sediment samples, (ii) niche-based differences in the abundance of vibrios, and (iii) predictive signatures resulting from correlations between environmental parameters and vibrio densities.
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43

Franca, Joao Cesar Beenke, Sonia Mara Raboni, Elise Sanfelice, Diego Polido, Arthur Gentili, and Fabricio Marques. "Vibrio vulnificus infection in Southern Brazil - Case report." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 88, no. 3 (June 2013): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131780.

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The genus Vibrio is a member of the family Vibrionaceae, and among their disease-causing species, Vibrio vulnificus, a lactose-positive gram-negative bacillus, is one of the most virulent pathogen of the noncholerae vibrios. We describe the case of a 39-year-old male patient, who was using immunosuppressive therapy, admitted to the hospital for liver transplantation. Twelve hours later, the patient presented high fever, myalgia, anuria and erythematous plaques on lower limbs, of rapid growth and proximal progression. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone, meropenem and oxacillin, however he expired within 30 hours. Blood cultures showed growth of a gram-negative bacillus, which was later identified as Vibrio vulnificus.
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44

O’Malley, S. M., S. L. Mouton, D. A. Occhino, M. T. Deanda, J. R. Rashidi, K. L. Fuson, C. E. Rashidi, M. Y. Mora, S. M. Payne, and D. P. Henderson. "Comparison of the Heme Iron Utilization Systems of Pathogenic Vibrios." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 11 (June 1, 1999): 3594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.11.3594-3598.1999.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio fluvialis, andVibrio parahaemolyticus utilized heme and hemoglobin as iron sources and contained chromosomal DNA similar to severalVibrio cholerae heme iron utilization genes. A V. parahaemolyticus gene that performed the function of V. cholerae hutA was isolated. A portion of the tonB1locus of V. parahaemolyticus was sequenced and found to encode proteins similar in amino acid sequence to V. cholerae HutW, TonB1, and ExbB1. A recombinant plasmid containing the V. cholerae tonB1 and exbB1D1 genes complemented a V. alginolyticus heme utilization mutant. These data suggest that the heme iron utilization systems of the pathogenic vibrios tested, particularly V. parahaemolyticusand V. alginolyticus, are similar at the DNA level, the functional level, and, in the case of V. parahaemolyticus, the amino acid sequence or protein level to that of V. cholerae.
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45

Levchenko, D. A., V. D. Kruglikov, A. S. Vodopianov, S. V. Titova, I. V. Arkhangelskaya, N. B. Nepomnyaschaya, and M. I. Ezhova. "GIS: CAPABILITIES OF DATA ANALYSIS OF PHENO- AND GENOTYPING OF EL TOR 01 SEROGROUP CHOLERA VIBRIOS ISOLATED FROM AQUATIC OBJECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN RUSSIA FEDERATION." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology, no. 6 (December 28, 2016): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2016-6-19-25.

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Aim. Application of the authors’ GIS «Cholera 1989-2014» for systematization of atoxigenic strains of serogroup 01 cholera vibrios (ctxAB-tcpA-, ctxAB-tcpA+), isolated from aquatic objects of the environment by pheno- and genotype. Materials and methods. A sample of 304 Vibrio cholerae 01 strains was studied. Isolation of 39 genes related to pathogenicity was carried out. Discrimination ability of a set of genes was determined by Simpson formula. Cluster analysis was carried out by UPGMA method. Results. Analysis of multi-year data on aquatic V. cholerae 01 strains in country’s subject was carried out using GIS. A possibility of systematization of phenotypes of the isolated strains by defined parameters was shown. An experimental program for detection of presence/lack of various genes and their combinations forgenotyping was developed. Conclusion. GIS was established to allow to carry out analysis of phenotypes by defined parameters, as well as implement approximate systematization of genotypes of atoxigenic strains of cholera vibrios 01 by optimally sufficient detection of 14 genes.
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46

Dickinson, Gregory, Keah-ying Lim, and Sunny C. Jiang. "Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Pathogenic Vibrios in Marine Recreational Waters of Southern California." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 1 (October 26, 2012): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02674-12.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigated the occurrence of three types of vibrios in Southern California recreational beach waters during the peak marine bathing season in 2007. Over 160 water samples were concentrated and enriched for the detection of vibrios. Four sets of PCR primers, specific forVibrio cholerae,V. parahaemolyticus, andV. vulnificusspecies and theV. parahaemolyticustoxin gene, respectively, were used for the amplification of bacterial genomic DNA. Of 66 samples from Doheny State Beach, CA, 40.1% were positive forV. choleraeand 27.3% were positive forV. parahaemolyticus, and 1 sample (1.5%) was positive for theV. parahaemolyticustoxin gene. Of the 96 samples from Avalon Harbor, CA, 18.7% were positive forV. cholerae, 69.8% were positive forV. parahaemolyticus, and 5.2% were positive for theV. parahaemolyticustoxin gene. The detection of theV. choleraegenetic marker was significantly more frequent at Doheny State Beach, while the detection of theV. parahaemolyticusgenetic marker was significantly more frequent at Avalon Harbor. A probability-of-illness model forV. parahaemolyticuswas applied to the data. The risk for bathers exposed to recreational waters at two beaches was evaluated through Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The results suggest that the microbial risk from vibrios during beach recreation was below the illness benchmark set by the U.S. EPA. However, the risk varied with location and the type of water recreation activities. Surfers and children were exposed to a higher risk of vibrio diseases. Microbial risk assessment can serve as a useful tool for the management of risk related to opportunistic marine pathogens.
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47

McCARTHY, SUSAN A., ANGELO DEPAOLA, CHARLES A. KAYSNER, WALTER E. HILL, and DAVID W. COOK. "Evaluation of Nonisotopic DNA Hybridization Methods for Detection of the tdh Gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.12.1660.

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Production of the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) by Vibrio parahaemolyticus is associated with pathogenicity of the organism and is encoded by the tdh gene. The timely resolution of seafood-associated outbreaks requires rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. The specificity of alkaline phosphatase- and digoxigenin-labeled tdh gene probes was evaluated against 61 strains of V. parahaemolyticus (including isolates from recent outbreaks involving oysters from the Pacific Northwest, Texas, and New York), 85 strains of other vibrios, and 7 strains of non-vibrio species from clinical and environmental sources. The probes were specific for detection of the V. parahaemolyticus tdh gene.
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48

Calif, Edward, and Stahl Shalom. "HAND INFECTIONS CAUSED BY DELAYED INOCULATION OF VIBRIO VULNIFICUS: DOES HUMAN SKIN SERVE AS A POTENTIAL RESERVOIR OF VIBRIOS?" Hand Surgery 09, no. 01 (July 2004): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810404002029.

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Vibrio vulnificus may cause severe soft tissue infections of the upper extremity. This pathogen usually gains access to soft tissues either by direct inoculation through a penetrating injury by an infected marine animal or by exposing abraded skin to contaminated water. We report five patients with Vibrio vulnificus hand infections following superficial hand injuries incurred within 24 hours after uneventful handling of fish. This clinical observation, together with the fact that the physiologic characteristics of human sweat simulate the natural environment of the Vibrio vulnificus, support the assumption that human skin may serve as a reservoir for Vibrios. The anamnesis in patients presenting with hand infection should essentially include an inquiry regarding recent, albeit uneventful, fish handling.
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49

Huang, Bowen, Xiang Zhang, Chongming Wang, Changming Bai, Chen Li, Chenghua Li, and Lusheng Xin. "Isolation and Characterization of Vibrio kanaloae as a Major Pathogen Associated with Mass Mortalities of Ark Clam, Scapharca broughtonii, in Cold Season." Microorganisms 9, no. 10 (October 16, 2021): 2161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102161.

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High temperature is a risk factor for vibriosis outbreaks. Most vibrios are opportunistic pathogens that cause the mortality of aquatic animals at the vibrio optimal growth temperature (~25 °C), whereas a dominant Vibrio kanaloae strain SbA1-1 is isolated from natural diseased ark clams (Scapharca broughtonii) during cold seasons in this study. Consistent symptoms and histopathological features reappeared under an immersion infection with SbA1-1 performed at 15 °C. The pathogenicity difference of SbA1-1 was assessed under different temperatures (15 °C and 25 °C). The cumulative mortality rates of ark clams were significantly higher at the low temperature (15 °C) than at the high temperature (25 °C); up to 98% on 16th day post SbA1-1 infection. While the growth ratio of SbA1-1 was retarded at the low temperature, the hemolytic activity and siderophores productivity of SbA1-1 were increased. This study constitutes the first isolation of V. kanaloae from the natural diseased ark clams (S. broughtonii) in cold seasons and the exposition of the dissimilar pathogenicity of SbA1-1 at a different temperature. All the above indicates that V. kanaloae constitutes a threat to ark clam culture, especially in cold seasons.
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50

Sawabe, Tomoo, Karin Hayashi, Jun Moriwaki, Fabiano L. Thompson, Jean Swings, Philippe Potin, Richard Christen, and Yoshio Ezura. "Vibrio gallicus sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the French abalone Haliotis tuberculata." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02804-0.

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Five alginolytic, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile bacteria were isolated from the gut of the abalone Haliotis tuberculata. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA data indicated that these strains are related to Vibrio wodanis, Vibrio salmonicida, Vibrio logei and Vibrio fischeri (but with <97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). DNA–DNA hybridization and fluorescence amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting demonstrated that the five strains constituted a single species that was different from all currently known vibrios. The name Vibrio gallicus sp. nov. (type strain, CIP 107863T=LMG 21878T=HT2-1T; DNA G+C content, 43·6–44·3 mol%) is proposed for this novel taxon. Several phenotypic features were disclosed that discriminated V. gallicus from other Vibrio species: V. gallicus can be differentiated from Vibrio halioticoli on the basis of four traits (β-galactosidase test and assimilation of three carbon compounds) and from Vibrio superstes by 16 traits.
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