Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vibration damping, energy harvesting, shock absorber

Academic literature on the topic 'Vibration damping, energy harvesting, shock absorber'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Vibration damping, energy harvesting, shock absorber"

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Wu, Zhifei, and Guangzhao Xu. "Modeling and Analysis of a Hydraulic Energy-Harvesting Shock Absorber." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (February 8, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1580297.

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This paper proposes a hydraulic energy-harvesting shock absorber prototype, which realizes energy harvesting of the vibration energy dissipated by the automobile suspension system. The structural design of the proposed shock absorber ensures that the unidirectional flow of oil drives the hydraulic motor to generate electricity while obtaining an asymmetrical extension/compression damping force. A mathematical model of the energy-harvesting shock absorber is established, and the simulation results indicate that the damping force can be controlled by varying the load resistance of the feed module, thus adjusting the required damping force ratio of the compression and recovery strokes. By adjusting the external load, the target indicator performance of the shock absorber is achieved while obtaining the required energy recovery power. A series of experiments are conducted on the prototype to verify the validity of the damping characteristics and the energy recovery efficiency as well as to analyze the effect of external load and excitation speed on these characteristics.
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Li, Jing, Peiben Wang, Yuewen Gao, Dong Guan, and Shengquan Li. "Quantitative Power Flow Characterization of Energy Harvesting Shock Absorbers by Considering Motion Bifurcation." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 6887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196887.

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Vibration energy harvesting technology can capture ambient energy forms. Using an energy harvesting shock absorber (EHSA) is one of the methods to achieve this function. The EHSA with mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) has motion bifurcation, which can improve energy harvesting performance and reduce the impact between gears. However, the motion bifurcation makes it difficult to quantitatively predict the vibrational energy dissipation and energy harvesting of the MMR−EHSA. Evaluating the performance of an MMR−EHSA during the design phase becomes highly complex. In this paper, a novel nonlinear dynamics model of MMR−EHSAs is established to solve motion bifurcation and quantitative power flow. Furthermore, the proposed MMR−EHSA prototype is fabricated, and dynamics testing is initiated to verify the theoretical model under harmonic vibration. The testing results show that the theoretical model can predict the working characterization of MMR−EHSAs. The resistance of optimal harvesting energy and maximum damping power is revealed by the quantitative power flow model under harmonic vibration. In addition, the working performance under random vibration is discussed. The proposed nonlinear dynamics model has advantages when solving random vibration input and has potential for practical application.
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Lee, Jinkyu, Yondo Chun, Jiwon Kim, and Byounggun Park. "An Energy-Harvesting System Using MPPT at Shock Absorber for Electric Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092552.

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This paper investigates an energy-harvesting system that uses of vibration energy at a shock absorber for electric vehicles. This system mainly comprises a linear electromagnetic generator and synchronous buck converter. To obtain the electrical energy through a linear electromagnetic generator, the perturb and observe maximum power point tracking (P&O MPPT) scheme is applied at the converter. The power converter circuit is designed with a diode rectifier and synchronous buck converter. The generated electric power is able to transmit to the battery and the damping force of the shock absorber is adjusted by the controlled current of generator. The linear electromagnetic generator was designed as a single phase eight-slot eight-pole tubular permanent magnet machine. The performance of the proposed energy-harvesting system was verified through simulations and experiments.
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Li, Peng, and Lei Zuo. "Influences of the electromagnetic regenerative dampers on the vehicle suspension performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 3 (August 5, 2016): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016639503.

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Conventional vehicle suspensions suppress vehicle vibrations by dissipating the vibration energy into unrecyclable heat with hydraulic dampers. This can be a considerable amount of energy which is worthy of attention for energy recovery. Electromagnetic regenerative dampers, or shock absorbers, are proposed to harvest this dissipated energy and to improve the fuel efficiency. The suspension dynamics with these regenerative dampers can be significantly different from the suspension dynamics with conventional dampers. First, different from conventional hydraulic dampers, the electromagnetic regenerative dampers have a significantly higher inertia, which is introduced by the electromagnetic generator. This has an important impact on the suspension dynamics. Second, the damping coefficient of electromagnetic dampers is related to the electric load connected to the output of the generator and can be controllable. Although various concepts have been proposed, the influences of these types of regenerative damper on the vehicle dynamics have not yet been thoroughly investigated. This paper models two types of rotational electromagnetic regenerative damper, with and without a mechanical motion rectifier, and analyzes their influences on the vehicle suspension performance in comparison with those of the conventional damper. The modeling in this paper also considers the case when the tires lose contact with the ground. Simulations were carried out with step road profile excitations and road profile excitations defined by the International Standardization Organization in order to evaluate the influences of the equivalent inertia mass and the equivalent damping coefficient. The results showed that, with an optimized equivalent inertia mass, both types of electromagnetic damper can achieve better ride comfort performances than a constant damper does. In addition, the mechanical motion rectifier mechanism can significantly improve the ride comfort and the road-handling performance of electromagnetic regenerative dampers by reducing the negative effect of the amplified generator inertia. In addition, the energy-harvesting potential of the presented dampers under road profile excitations defined by the International Standardization Organization was evaluated.
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Chen, Wei Wu, and Zu Tao Zhang. "Energy Harvesting Shock Absorbers for Vehicles: Design, Modeling and Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1169.

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Energy harvesting shock absorber is used for harvesting the kinetic energy in the vehicle suspension vibration. In this paper, we present design, modeling, and simulation of a novel energy harvesting shock absorber based on rack and pinion mechanism. The shock absorber consists of three main components: the mechanical vibration input, the transmission module, and the micro-generator module. The shock absorber is installed between the vehicle frame and chassis to obtain a relative linear motion acting as mechanical vibration input. The function of transmission mechanism module is to convert the relative linear motion to a unidirectional rotation for the input shaft of micro-generator. The micro-generator will produce electricity due to the input shaft rotating in one direction. This shock absorber was tested in simulation condition, and the last performance evaluation demonstrates the validity of the proposed energy harvesting shock absorber.
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Yuan, Miao, Youzuo Jin, Kefu Liu, and Ayan Sadhu. "Optimization of a Non-Traditional Vibration Absorber for Vibration Suppression and Energy Harvesting." Vibration 5, no. 3 (June 22, 2022): 383–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration5030022.

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This paper investigates the optimization of a non-traditional vibration absorber for simultaneous vibration suppression and energy harvesting. Unlike a traditional vibration absorber, the non-traditional vibration absorber has its damper connected between the absorber mass and the base. An electromagnetic energy harvester is used as a tunable absorber damper. This non-traditional vibration absorber is attached to a primary system that is subjected to random base excitation. An analytical study is conducted by assuming that the base excitation is white noise. In terms of vibration suppression, the objective of the optimization is to minimize the power dissipated by the primary damper and maximize the power dissipated by the absorber damper. It is found that when the primary system is undamped, the power dissipated by the absorber damper remains a constant that is related to the mass ratio. The higher the mass ratio, the higher the power dissipated. When the primary system is damped, the minimization of the power dissipated by the primary damping is equivalent to the maximization of the power dissipated by the absorber damper. The existence of the optimum solutions depends on both the mass ratio and the primary damping ratio. In terms of energy harvesting, the objective of optimization is to maximize the power harvested by the load resistor. It is found that for a given mass ratio and primary damping ratio, the optimum frequency tuning ratio required to maximize vibration suppression is slightly higher than that required to maximize the harvested power. The trade-off issue between vibration suppression and energy harvesting is investigated. An apparatus is developed to allow frequency tuning and damping tuning. Both the numerical simulation and experimental study with band-limited white noise validate the general trends revealed in the analytical study.
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Satpute, N. V., S. Singh, and S. M. Sawant. "Energy Harvesting Shock Absorber with Electromagnetic and Fluid Damping." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (February 12, 2015): 693592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/693592.

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Yuan, Miao, and Kefu Liu. "Vibration Suppression and Energy Harvesting with a Non-traditional Vibration Absorber: Transient Responses." Vibration 1, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration1010009.

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This paper focuses on vibration suppression and energy harvesting using a non-traditional vibration absorber referred to as model B. Unlike the traditional vibration absorber, model B has its damper connected between the absorber mass and ground. The apparatus used in the study consists of a cantilever beam attached by a mass at its free end and an electromagnetic energy harvester. The frequency tuning is achieved by varying the beam length while the damping tuning is realized by varying the harvester load resistance. The question addressed is how to achieve the best performance under transient responses. The optimum tuning condition for vibration suppression is based on the Stability Maximization Criterion (SMC). The performance of energy harvesting is measured by the percentage of the harvested energy to the input energy. A computer simulation is conducted. The results validate the optimum parameters derived by the SMC. There is a trade-off between vibration suppression and energy harvesting within the realistic ranges of the frequency tuning ratio and damping ratio. A multi-objective optimization is conducted. The results provide a guideline for obtaining a balanced performance. An experimental study is carried out. The results verify the main findings from the computer simulation. This study shows that the developed apparatus is capable of achieving simultaneous vibration suppression and energy harvesting under transient responses.
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Kim, Tae Dong, and Jin Ho Kim. "Shock-Absorber Rotary Generator for Automotive Vibration Energy Harvesting." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 6599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186599.

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The vibration energy derived from vehicle movement over a road surface was first converted to rotational energy during vehicle operation by installing blades in the suspension system. The rotational energy was converted to electrical energy using the rotational energy as the input value of the rotary generator. The vibrations from the road’s surface were analyzed using CarSim-Simulink. The blades’ characteristics were analyzed using ANSYS Fluent. The T–ω curve was derived, and the power generation of the rotary generator was verified using the commercial electromagnetic analysis program, ANSYS MAXWELL. For high power generation, the design was optimized using PIAnO (process integration, automation, and optimization), a PIDO (process integration and design optimization) tool. The amount of power generation was 59.4562 W, which was a 122.47% increase compared to the initial model. The remaining problems were analyzed, and further studies were performed. This paper proposes the applicability and development direction of suspension with energy harvesting by installing blades on suspension.
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Guntur, Harus Laksana, and Wiwiek Hendrowati. "A Comparative Study of the Damping Force and Energy Absorbtion Capacity of Regenerative and Conventional-Viscous Shock Absorber of Vehicle Suspension." Applied Mechanics and Materials 758 (April 2015): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.758.45.

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This paper presents a comparative study of the damping force and energy absorbtion capacity of a typical conventional-viscous and a regenerative shock absorber for vehicle suspension. Regenerative shock absorber (RSA) is a shock absorber which can regenerate the dissipated vibration energy from vehicle suspension into electricity. In this research, a prototype of regenerative shock absorber was developed, its damping force and energy absorbtion capacity were tested, and the results were analized and compared with those of a typical conventional-viscous shock absorber. The regenerative and viscous shock absorber were compressed and extended in various excitation frequency using damping force testing equipment to obtain force-velocity and the force-displacement curves. The force-velocity and force-displacement curves indicate the damping force and energy absorbtion capacity of the shock absorber. The results show that the damping force of the typical-viscous shock absorber closed to linear at all exciation frequencies. For regenerative shock absorber, nonlinearity and large hysteresis area of the damping force occur at all excitation frequencies. Further, the energy absorbtion capacity of the typical-viscous shock absorber shows an elliptical area with the compression part bigger than the extension one, while those of the regenerative shock absorber shows an asymmetric square area, which indicates a smaller energy absorbtion capacity. These phenomena indicate the significant effect of implementing dry friction damper and elctrical damper to the characteristics of regenerative shock absorber.
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Book chapters on the topic "Vibration damping, energy harvesting, shock absorber"

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Foley, Jason R., Thomas J. Lagoski, Jontia Brown, and Jonathan Hong. "Estimation of Amplitude-Dependent Resonance and Damping in MEMS Shock Accelerometers." In Shock & Vibration, Aircraft/Aerospace, and Energy Harvesting, Volume 9, 105–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15233-2_11.

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Russ, Jonathan B., and Benjamin R. Pacini. "Empirically-Derived, Constitutive Damping Model for Cellular Silicone." In Shock & Vibration, Aircraft/Aerospace, Energy Harvesting, Acoustics & Optics, Volume 9, 71–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54735-0_8.

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Brumat, Matija, Janko Slavič, and Miha Boltežar. "Frequency Based Spatial Damping Identification—Theoretical and Experimental Comparison." In Shock & Vibration, Aircraft/Aerospace, Energy Harvesting, Acoustics & Optics, Volume 9, 23–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54735-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Vibration damping, energy harvesting, shock absorber"

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Guo, Sijing, Lin Xu, Yilun Liu, Xuexun Guo, and Lei Zuo. "Performances of Energy-Harvesting Shock Absorbers on Various Types of Vehicles." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9772.

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Energy-Harvesting Shock Absorber (EHSA), as a large-scale energy-harvesting mechanism for recovering suspension vibration energy, has been studied for years. A design of the regenerative shock absorber with Mechanical Motion Rectifier (MMR) has been proved to be more reliable and efficient. This paper reports a comprehensive study of the influence of MMR-based Energy-Harvesting Shock Absorber (MMR-EHSA) on vehicle dynamics performances. Models of MMR-EHSA and vehicle with MMR-EHSA with two degrees of freedom are created. Simulations are conducted on five typical vehicles, including passenger car, bus and three types of trucks. The ride characteristics of comfort, road handling and energy recovery are evaluated on these vehicles under various MMR rotational inertia and harvesting damping. The simulation results show that MMR-EHSA is able to improve both the ride comfort and road handling simultaneously under certain conditions over the traditional shock absorbers, which broadens our knowledge of MMR-EHSA’s applicable scenarios.
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Mi, Jia, Lin Xu, Sijing Guo, Lingshuai Meng, and Mohamed A. A. Abdelkareem. "Energy Harvesting Potential Comparison Study of a Novel Railway Vehicle Bogie System With the Hydraulic-Electromagnetic Energy-Regenerative Shock Absorber." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2241.

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With the development of high-speed rail technology, the interaction between wheel and track becomes more serious, which threatens the running stability, riding quality and safety of the vehicle. Due to the selected stiffness and damping parameters, conventional passive suspensions cannot fit in with the diverse conditions of the railway. Additionally, among these vibrations contains a large amount of energy, if this vibrational energy can be recycled and used for the active suspension to control, it will be a good solution compared to the conventional passive suspensions. Many energy-harvesting shock absorbers have been proposed in recent years, the most popular design is the electromagnetic harvester including linear electromagnetic shock absorbers, rotational electromagnetic shock absorbers, the mechanical motion rectifier (MMR), and the hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber (HESA). With different energy converting mechanisms, the complicated effects of the inertia and nonlinear damping behaviors will severely impact the vehicle dynamic performance such as the ride comfort and road handling. In the past few years, engineers and researchers have done relevant researches on HESA which have shown that it has good effects and proposed several suspension energy regeneration solutions for applying to car. This paper presents a novel application of HESA into a bogie system for railway vehicles comparing to the conventional suspension systems. HESA is composed of hydraulic cylinder, check valves, accumulators, hydraulic motor, generator, pipelines and so on. In HESA, the high-pressure oil which is produced by shock absorber reciprocation could be exported to drive the hydraulic motor, so as to drive the generator to generate electricity. In this way, HESA regenerate the mechanical vibrational energy that is otherwise dissipated by the traditional shock absorber as heat energy. Because the bogie has two sets of suspension systems, a dynamic model of bogie based on AMESim is established in order to clarify the influence of the dynamic characteristics effect and the energy harvesting efficiency when installing the HESA into different sets of the bogie. Then, set the HESA model into each suspension system of the bogie and input with the corresponding characteristic excitation, the influence of the dynamic characteristics and the energy harvesting efficiency are analyzed and compared. The simulation results show that the system can effectively reduce the vibration of the carriage, while maintaining good potential to recycle vibratory energy. Based on the results of the simulation, the relationships as well as differences between the first suspension system and second suspension system have been concluded, which are useful for the design of HESA-Bogie. Moreover, comparing the energy harvesting efficiency discrepancy between the two suspension systems, the potential of energy harvesting of a novel railway vehicle bogie system with HESA has been evaluated and then the best application department has been found, which indicates the theoretical feasibilities of the HESA-bogie to improve the fuel economy.
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Guo, Sijing, Lin Xu, Yilun Liu, Mingyi Liu, Xuexun Guo, and Lei Zuo. "Modeling, Experiments, and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of Hydraulic Electromagnetic Shock Absorber." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60390.

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To improve the vehicle fuel economy and prolong the thermal fatigue life of the traditional shock absorbers, energy regenerative electromagnetic shock absorbers have attracted wide attentions. This paper discusses a hydraulic electromagnetic shock absorber (HESA), which has high reliability. A dynamic model of HESA is created in this paper, which shows that the damping force of HESA is composed of the electric damping force, friction damping force, the inerter force and the accumulator force. Influences of hydraulic motor and pipe diameter on the force are analyzed based on the modeling. The parameters of the nonlinear component accumulator are also studied experimentally. Both modeling and lab tests show that the accumulator force can counteract part of the effect of the inerter force, which is greatly beneficial for the vehicles. The damping characteristics and energy harvesting characteristics are also studied based on the lab tests. Results show that the damping coefficient of HESA ranges from 12000Ns/m to 92000Ns/m at a vibration input of 3Hz frequency and 5mm amplitude, and HESA has a unique damping characteristic which needs to be further studied for vehicle dynamics. In addition, the efficiency of HESA can achieve 30% at a vibration input of 3Hz frequency and 7mm amplitude with external resistance of 4 ohms. The average power at this excitation can reach 102 watts.
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Li, Peng, and Lei Zuo. "Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Vehicle Dynamics With Regenerative Shock Absorbers." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12759.

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Regenerative shock absorbers have potential to recover a large amount of kinetic energy from vehicle vibration otherwise dissipated in traditional oil shock absorbers and at the same time to improve the ride comfort and road handling performances. Linear, rotational and mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) based electromagnetic designs have been proposed. They all have different energy conversion mechanisms, mass inertia effects, and even some nonlinear structures which make the damping behavior more complex; therefore their influence to the whole vehicle dynamics will need to be carefully assessed. This paper will present an integrated equivalent circuit model of the vehicle with electromagnetic regenerative shock absorbers, and then evaluate the vehicle dynamics performance and energy harvesting potential with different design parameters and under variable road conditions. The performance of different mechanisms of electromagnetic regenerative shock absorbers and constant shock absorber will be compared. Design guidelines for rotational electromagnetic regenerative shock absorbers will be developed based on analysis and simulation results.
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Meng, Lingshuai, Lin Xu, Junyi Zou, Jia Mi, and Sijing Guo. "Design and Analysis of Parallel Interconnection Hydraulic-Electric Energy-Harvesting Active Radial Steering Bogie System." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2263.

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With the increasing of the train load, the wheel-rail wear is worsening, the maintaining and replacing cycle is shortened enormously, the problem of replacing steel rail and wheel prematurely not only make the railway transportation cost increasing, but also affect the railway normal transportation. This paper proposes a novel type of active energy self-supply radial steering technology — the parallel interconnection hydraulic-electric energy-harvesting active radial steering bogie system. This system is a typical “machine – electric – hydraulic” coupling system, which includes parallel interconnection hydraulic-electric energy-harvesting suspension and active radial steering bogie, consisting of mechanical, electronic, hydraulic and control subsystems internally. In this system, the radial steering bogie is equipped with four HESA, and HESA can reuse the mechanical vibration energy which used to be transformed into waste heat by the shock absorber. In this system, the mechanical vibration energy is now used to drive power module of active radial steering bogie, so as to implement the train’s active radial steering without external power supply. This paper discusses the evolution of radial steering bogie in general, and introduces the structure and basic principle of the parallel interconnection electro-hydraulic energy-harvesting active radial steering bogie system. The system establishes a model of the parallel interconnection hydraulic-electric energy-harvesting shock absorber. The typical vertical irregularity of American track is established. In the paper, we research on the system’s damping performance and energy recovery performance through stimulation. Simulation results show that the maximum vertical acceleration of train body is reduced from 42.9% to 62.3%, and the average energy recovery power from the system increases from 217W to 1835W when the system works at the six levels of track irregularities.
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Qin, Bonan, Yuzhe Chen, and Lei Zuo. "Design, Modeling and Ride Analysis of Energy-Harvesting Hydraulically Interconnected Suspension." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-68650.

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Abstract This paper introduces a novel energy-harvesting hydraulically interconnected suspension (EH-HIS) to improve the riding comfort and road handling performance for off-road vehicles while harvesting the vibration energy traditionally dissipated into heat by the oil shock absorbers. To understand the system, we built a model of the off-road vehicle equipped with the EH-HIS and conducted the performance analysis. The system model is established based on the pressure drop principle and validated by commercial simulation software AMESim. The damping characteristic and energy harvesting performance have been investigated based on the mathematical suspension model. Further, a thorough analysis is implemented to compare the dynamic responses of the vehicle equipped with the traditional suspension and EH-HIS under different driving speeds and road classes. Results show that the EH-HIS system can provide tunable asymmetric damping from 3134 Ns/ to 7558 Ns/m, which covers most of the damping range of the off-road vehicles. The average regenerative power of the half EH-HIS system reaches 438 watts, and the corresponding hydraulic efficiency reaches 19%, at a vibration input of 2 Hz frequency and 30 mm amplitude. The ride analysis shows that the vehicle equipped with the EH-HIS system on the D class road has good handling stability and better ride comfort over the traditional suspension.
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Lee, Jin-Kyu, Yon-do Chun, Pil-wan Han, Deok-je Bang, Minh-Trung Duong, and Byoung-gun Park. "Energy Harvesting System using Shock Absorber Vibration." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esars-itec.2018.8607635.

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Li, Zhongjie, Lei Zuo, Jian Kuang, and George Luhrs. "Mechanical Motion Rectifier Based Energy-Harvesting Shock Absorber." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71386.

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Energy-harvesting shock absorber is able to recover the energy otherwise dissipated in the suspension vibration while simultaneously suppress the vibration induced by road roughness. It can work as a controllable damper as well as an energy generator. An innovative design of regenerative shock absorbers is proposed in this paper, with the advantage of significantly improving energy harvesting efficiency and reducing the impact forces caused by oscillation. The key component is a unique motion mechanism, which we called “mechanical motion rectifier (MMR)”, to convert the suspension’s oscillatory vibration into unidirectional rotation of the generator. An implementation of motion rectifier based harvester with high compactness is introduced and prototyped. A dynamic model is created to analyze the general properties of the motion rectifier by making analogy between mechanical systems and electrical circuits. The model is capable of analyzing electrical and mechanical components at the same time. Both simulation and experiments are carried out to verify the modeling and the advantages. The prototype achieved over 60% efficiency at high frequency, much better than the conventional regenerative shock absorbers in oscillatory motion. Furthermore, road tests are done to verify the feasibility of the MMR shock absorber, in which more than 15 Watts’ electricity is harvested while driving at 15 mph. The motion rectifier based design can also be used for other applications of electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting.
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Hajidavalloo, Mohammad R., Aakash Gupta, Zhaojian Li, and Wei-Che Tai. "MPC-Based Vibration Control and Energy Harvesting using Stochastic Linearization for a New Energy Harvesting Shock Absorber." In 2021 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccta48906.2021.9658755.

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Bai, Xian-Xu, Norman M. Wereley, Wei Hu, and Dai-Hua Wang. "A Bidirectional-Controllable Magnetorheological Energy Absorber for Shock and Vibration Isolation Systems." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8250.

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Semi-active shock and vibration isolation systems using magnetorheological energy absorbers (MREAs) require minimization of the field-off damping force at high speed. This is because the viscous damping force for high shaft speed become excessive. This implies that the controllable dynamic force range, defined as the ratio of the field-on damping force to the field-off damping force, is dramatically reduced. In addition, fail-safe MREA performance, if power were to be lost, is of great importance to shock and vibration isolation systems. A key design goal is to minimize field-off damping force while maximizing MREA dynamic force, while maintaining fail-safe performance. This study presents the principle of a bidirectional-controllable MREA that can produce large damping force and dynamic force range, as well as excellent fail-safe performance. The bidirectional-controllable MREA is configured and its hydro-mechanical model is theoretically constructed. From the hydro-mechanical model, the mathematical model for the MREA is established using a Bingham-plastic nonlinear fluid model. The characteristics of the MREA are theoretically evaluated and compared with those of a conventional flow-mode MREA with an identical volume. In order to investigate the feasibility and capability of the bidirectional-controllable MREA in the context of the semi-active shock and vibration isolation systems, a mechanical model of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) isolation system using a bidirectional-controllable MREA is constructed and the governing equation for the SDOF isolation system is derived. A skyhook control algorithm is utilized to improve the shock and vibration isolation performance of the isolation systems. Simulated vibration isolation performance using bidirectional-controllable and conventional MREAs under shock loads due to vertical impulses (the initial velocity is as high as 10 m/s), and sinusoidal vibrations, are evaluated, compared, and analyzed.
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