Journal articles: '"viande" de culture'

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HOCQUETTE, J. F., P. MAINSANT, J. D. DAUDIN, I. CASSAR-MALEK, D. RÉMOND, M. DOREAU, P. SANS, et al. "La viande du futur sera-t-elle produite in vitro ?" INRAE Productions Animales 26, no. 4 (August 18, 2013): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.4.3164.

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La production de viande artificielle par culture de cellules est proposée par certains scientifiques comme une des solutions pour répondre aux grands enjeux de l’élevage : i) réduire le mal-être supposé des animaux dans les élevages modernes, voire ne pas tuer les animaux pour les manger, ii) réduire la possible dégradation de l’environnement par l’élevage et iii) réduire la faim dans le monde en augmentant le niveau des ressources protéiques alimentaires. La viande artificielle supprimerait en effet le mal-être supposé des animaux lié à l’élevage et permettrait de ne pas abattre les animaux pour les manger. L’impact environnemental de la viande artificielle est difficile à évaluer en l’absence de données sur le fonctionnement d’une usine de production. La viande artificielle présenterait toutefois un intérêt modéré pour réduire les gaz à effet de serre et la pollution par les nitrates, un intérêt limité quant à l’utilisation des énergies fossiles, voire très limité pour limiter les besoins en eau, mais elle libérerait des terres cultivables. Elle entraînerait probablement dans l’eau des résidus de molécules de synthèse. De nombreux experts estiment que les causes de la malnutrition actuelle de certaines populations sont multiples et ne sont pas directement liées à un manque de ressources alimentaires. Bien que la culture de cellules soit couramment pratiquée en laboratoire, il existe des verrous techniques importants à lever pour une production à grande échelle, tels que le coût rédhibitoire des technologies actuelles et le manque de ressemblance du produit obtenu à de la viande issue d’animaux. Sur le plan nutritionnel, la viande artificielle ne présente pas d’avantage particulier par rapport à un autre aliment élaboré à partir de l’ensemble des nutriments nécessaires à sa production. Les critères d’acceptabilité de la viande artificielle renvoient, d’une part, à des questions d’ordre moral ou éthique concernant la technologie et les inquiétudes qu’elle soulève, et d’autre part, à des considérations classiques relatives aux produits alimentaires (prix, qualité, naturalité…). Par le passé, les expériences de substitution des protéines animales par des produits analogues ont échoué en raison, notamment, de contraintes économiques, du temps nécessaire pour l’éventuelle acceptation des produits par les consommateurs et pour la délivrance des autorisations de mise sur le marché. Face aux questionnements importants concernant l’élevage, la production de viande artificielle ne présente pas aujourd’hui d’avantages majeurs par comparaison à la viande naturelle ou à d’autres alternatives possibles telles que rééquilibrer notre alimentation en diversifiant les sources de protéines végétales et animales, ou encore développer des systèmes d’élevage plus respectueux des animaux et de l’environnement.

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Veysset, Patrick, Marie Charleuf, and Michel Lherm. "Exploitations de polyculture-élevage bovin viande : plus grandes mais pas plus profitables que les exploitations d’élevage herbagères." Cahiers Agricultures 29 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2020015.

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La polyculture-élevage est souvent citée comme étant un idéal agronomique source d’économies pour l’agriculteur et à moindre impact environnemental négatif. La complémentarité entre les ateliers élevage et culture devrait permettre l’utilisation partagée de facteurs de production, et donc une réduction de l’utilisation d’intrants. Au-delà du concept, cette étude a pour objectif d’observer si, dans un bassin de production, les fermes produisant de la viande bovine et de grandes cultures affichent des performances productives et économiques différentes des fermes herbagères spécialisées bovins viande. À partir des données d’un échantillon d’exploitations de bovins allaitants charolais du centre de la France, nous observons que les exploitations dites de polyculture-élevage sont systématiquement plus grandes que les exploitations herbagères spécialisées. La grande taille des exploitations entraîne une forte augmentation des besoins en équipement et des charges induites. Ces charges ne se partagent pas entre productions animales et végétales. Au final, nous n’observons pas de différence de coût de production du kilogramme de viande produit ou de revenu par travailleur, entre exploitations herbagères spécialisées et exploitations de polyculture-élevage. Le concept vertueux de la polyculture-élevage se heurte à des réalités structurelles et socio-économiques. Afin de pourvoir bénéficier d’avantages économiques potentiels liés à la diversification, il faudrait réfléchir à de nouvelles formes de structure d’exploitations d’élevage françaises.

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Inusa, S. K., and B. F. Muhammad. "Evaluation of sensory properties of Kilishi prepared from fermented cattle and camel beef in Semi-arid Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 5 (November 10, 2021): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i5.3191.

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Meat fermentation is an important processing method with enormous nutritional and health benefits. A study was conducted to examine the sensory properties of fermented cattle and camel beef Kilishi. The effects of meat type, age and packaging on this meat quality attribute were evaluated. The experimental meat samples were fermented before utilized in Kilishi processing. The chunks of meat were sliced and then inoculated with lactic meat starter culture at three concentrations (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g /100 ml w/v). Kilishi samples for the sensory assessment were taken from each product lot. The experiment for the second trial was laid in a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. The factors are two animal species (cattle and camel) aged 3, 5 and 8 years and above and four packaging arrangements: brown paper (B), polyvinyl chloride (P), aluminium foil and polyvinyl chloride (AP), brown paper and polyvinyl chloride (BP). Data generated were analysed by analysis of variance using SPSS Version 20.0 and GraphPad Instat while significantly different means were separated with Tukey HSD test. The result of sensory evaluation of the experimental Kilishi indicated that colour was ranked high and the product prepared from animals aged 5 years (middle age) and packaged in polyvinyl chloride material was the one preferred. It was concluded that fermentation and packaging improved the sensory quality of the product. Fermentation of cattle and camel beef of animals aged 5 years using 2.5% meat starter culture and the use of PVC-based package were recommended in semi-arid environment of Nigeria. La fermentation de la viande est une méthode de traitement importante avec d'énormes avantages nutritionnels et de santé. Cette étude a été menée pour examiner les propriétés sensorielles des bovins fermentés et du Kilishi de bovins à base de chameaux. Les effets du type de viande, de l'âge et de l'emballage sur cet attribut de qualité de la viande ont été évalués. Les échantillons de viande expérimentaux étaient fermentés avant l'utilisation de la transformation du Kilishi. Les morceaux de viande ont été tranchés puis inoculés avec une culture de démarreur de la viande lactique à trois concentrations (2,5, 5,0 et 7,5 g / 100 ml w/v). Les échantillons de Kilishi pour l'évaluation sensorielle ont été prélevés sur chaque lot de produit. L'expérience du deuxième essai a été déposée dans un arrangement factoriel de 2 x 3 x 4 dans une conception complètement randomisée. Les facteurs sont deux espèces animales (bovins et chameaux) âgés de 3, 5 et 8 ans et plus et quatre arrangementsd'emballage: papier brun (P), chlorure de polyvinyle (C), feuille d'aluminium et chlorure de polyvinyle (FC), papier brun et polyvinyle chlorure (PC). Les données générées ont été analysées par analyse de la variance à l'aide de SPSS version 20.0 et du graphique PadinStat, tandis que des moyens nettement différents ont été séparés avec un test de Tukey DFS. Le résultat de l'évaluation sensorielle des Kilishi expérimentaux a indiqué que la couleur était élevée et le produit préparé à partir d'animaux âgés de 5 ans (âge moyen) et emballé dans des matériaux de chlorure de polyvinyle était celui préféré. Il a été conclu que la fermentation et l'emballage ont amélioré la qualité sensorielle du produit. Fermentation du bétail et du bœuf à base de chameaux d'animaux âgés de 5 ans en utilisant une culture de démarrage de 2,5% de la viande et l'utilisation de colis à base de PVC ont été recommandées dans un environnement semi-aride du Nigéria.

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Musewa, Angella, Kristina Roesel, Delia Grace, Michel Dione, and Joseph Erume. "Detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in naturally infected pigs in Kamuli District, Uganda." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 71, no. 1-2 (September 9, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.31229.

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L’érysipèle des porcs est une maladie économiquement importante qui affecte toutes les étapes de la production de porc. Les pertes les plus importantes peuvent survenir chez les producteurs de porc d’engraissement, suite à une mort subite ou à une septicémie aiguë. Les porcs survivants souffrent souvent de boiteries chroniques, d’arthrite et d’endocardite, entraînant une croissance corporelle médiocre. L’agent causal est la bactérie ubiquitaire Erysipelothrix (E.) rhusiopathiae. Elle est également capable d’entrer dans la peau des personnes qui manipulent des animaux et de la viande infectés, et ainsi causer une infection. Afin de montrer la présence de l’agent responsable chez les porcins, des échantillons de sérum provenant de 426 porcs sélectionnés au hasard ont été recueillis auprès d’élevages dans quatre sous-comtés (Bugulumbya, Butansi, Kitayunwa et Namwendwa) dans le district de Kamuli en Ouganda, dans le cadre d’une large étude multipathogène menée par l’International Livestock Research Institute en 2013. Par la suite, 100 échantillons de viande de porc fraîche ont été prélevés auprès de 67 boucheries opérant dans les mêmes sous-comtés pour isolement et culture bactérienne. Dans l’ensemble, des anticorps contre E. rhusiopathiae ont été détectés dans 308 sur 460 (67 %) sérums, et 45 sur 100 (45 %) échantillons de viande de porc fraîche étaient contaminés par E. rhusiopathiae. C’est la première étude rapportant l’occurrence d’E. rhusiopathiae chez les porcs et dans la viande de porc en Ouganda.

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BENOIT, M., and G. LAIGNEL. "Performances techniques et économiques en élevage biologique d’ovins viande : observations en réseaux d’élevage et fermes expérimentales." INRAE Productions Animales 22, no. 3 (April 17, 2009): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2009.22.3.3346.

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Au sein d’un réseau de 42 fermes ovines (13 en Agriculture Biologique - AB) les marges par brebis en montagne sont inférieures de 24% en AB du fait de coûts alimentaires très élevés, et sont comparables en plaine où les niveaux d’autonomie fourragère sont potentiellement supérieurs compte tenu de la possibilité de renouveler plus facilement les prairies et d’augmenter la part du pâturage dans la ration des animaux ; par ailleurs, la culture des céréales peut permettre d’augmenter l’autonomie alimentaire et de limiter la dépendance des élevages vis-à-vis de l’extérieur. En montagne, les cohérences de systèmes sont plus difficiles à définir et les itinéraires techniques adaptés relativement «pointus». L’analyse de 4 fermes de démonstration de ces régions montre que, face à des contextes variés, des stratégies de conduite d’élevage spécifiques diffèrent selon la présence de terres labourables ou non. Si leur proportion est limitée, les mises bas sont réparties également entre le printemps et l’automne afin de maximiser l’autonomie fourragère tout en optimisant la productivité numérique et diversifiant les périodes de vente. Lorsque des cultures sont possibles, les mises bas sont centrées sur l’automne, avec une bonne valorisation des agneaux. Dans un contexte de fort renchérissement du prix des concentrés, en élevage allaitant bio mais aussi conventionnel, de hauts niveaux d’autonomie fourragère et/ou alimentaire sont incontournables pour assurer la viabilité économique.

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COLIN, Michel, Jacques DELARUE, Clarisse PALACIOS, François LEBAS, Christophe CLAVEAU, Marion VAN LISSUM, Laura CAILLAUD, Frank LEBRETON, and Anne-Yvonne PRIGENT. "Des produits issus d’animaux terrestres recevant une alimentation enrichie en DHA algal peuvent contribuer à la couverture des besoins en cet acide gras essentiel." INRAE Productions Animales 36, no. 4 (December 20, 2023): 7489. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2023.36.4.7489.

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Ce travail présente une méthode permettant d’augmenter la consommation en DHA de la population sans accroitre le prélèvement halieutique, grâce à la production de produits provenant d’animaux terrestres nourris avec des aliments contenant du DHA provenant de microalgues de culture et d’ALA provenant du lin extrudé. Après une identification des espèces fixant le DHA en quantité importante (pondeuse, lapins, poulet de chair), des essais réalisés sur ces animaux (21 sur pondeuses, 9 sur lapins, 6 sur poulets de chair) ont permis de déterminer les conditions d’enrichissement en DHA ainsi que les teneurs en cet acide gras que l’on peut atteindre dans ces produits. Ainsi, avec cette alimentation, le contenu en DHA des œufs est de 200 mg / 100 grammes soit 3,5 fois plus qu’un œuf standard; pour le lapin (par exemple, la gigolette), cette valeur est également de 200 mg / 100 grammes soit 10 fois plus qu’une viande de lapin standard; et pour le poulet de chair (par exemple, le blanc) 83 mg / 100 grammes soit 4 fois plus qu’une viande de poulet de chair standard. La plupart de ces produits peuvent alléguer « Riche en oméga 3 » ou « Source d’oméga 3 ». Ces différents aliments peuvent être associés dans des menus permettant d’atteindre les recommandations d’ingestion de DHA sans augmenter la consommation de poisson, améliorant ainsi la santé de la population et celle de la planète dans le respect des habitudes alimentaires.

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Ogofure, A. G., and E. O. Igbinosa. "Effects of rinsing on Staphylococcus aureus load in frozen meats and fish obtained from open markets in Benin City, Nigeria." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i2.24.

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous bacterium present in the environment and one of the leading causes of superficial and deep infections. In the food industry, it is acclaimed to be globally responsible for several food-borne diseases. This study was designed to isolate methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and determine the effect of rinsing on MRSA load in frozen meat and fish obtained from open market in Benin City.Methodology: Forty frozen meat samples (15 beef, 10 fish and 15 chickens) were randomly obtained from five markets in Benin City. The samples were analysed before and after rinsing using standard culture-based techniques to determine heterotrophic bacterial count, isolation of S. aureus, MRSA, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21 and Microsoft excel 2016, and association between variables were measured using Student’s t-test with a probability level of < 0.05.Results: The natural logarithm (LN) of heterotrophic bacterial count (CFU/g) before rinsing were 11.53±1.25 (beef), 11.16±0.95 (fish) and 11.42±1.58 (chicken), while the counts after rinsing were 2.70±0.45 (beef), 2.68±0.25 (fish) and 2.79±0.49 (chicken) (p<0.05). Sixteen of the 40 (40%) were positive for S. aureus, of which 4 (10%) were MRSA. Amongst the frozen meat evaluated in the study, beef had the highest frequency of S. aureus contamination (46.7%) followed by chicken (40.0%) and fish (30.0%). The profile of antibiotic resistance of S.aureus showed that they were least resistant to ciprofloxacin (6%) but showed high resistance to erythromycin (94%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (87.5%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (81%). Multiple antibiotic resistance index of S. aureus was calculated to be 0.63.Conclusion: The findings in this study revealed that frozen foods could act as a vehicle for the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and potential health risks for consumers. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; antibiotic-resistant bacteria; MRSA; frozen meat; rinsing French title: Effets du rinçage sur les charge de Staphylococcus aureus dans les viandes congelées et les poissons obtenus sur les marchés ouverts de Benin City, Nigéria Contexte: Staphylococcus aureus est une bactérie ubiquitaire présente dans l'environnement et l'une des principales causes d'infections superficielles et profondes. Dans l'industrie alimentaire, il est reconnu pour être globalement responsable de plusieurs maladies d'origine alimentaire. Cette étude a été conçue pour isoler S. aureus résistant à la méthicilline (SARM) et déterminer l'effet du rinçage sur la charge de SARM dans la viande et le poisson congelés obtenus sur le marché libre de Benin City.Méthodologie: Quarante échantillons de viande congelée (15 bœuf, 10 poissons et 15 poulets) ont été obtenus au hasard sur cinq marchés de Benin City. Les échantillons ont été analysés avant et après le rinçage en utilisant des techniques de culture standard pour déterminer le nombre de bactéries hétérotrophes, l'isolement de S. aureus, le SARM et les tests de sensibilité aux antibiotiques. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de SPSS version 21 et de Microsoft Excel 2016, et l'association entre les variables a été mesurée à l'aide du test t de Student avec un niveau de probabilité <0,05.Résultats: Le logarithme naturel (LN) du nombre de bactéries hétérotrophes (UFC/g) avant rinçage était de 11,53±1,25 (bœuf), 11,16±0,95 (poisson) et 11,42±1,58 (poulet), tandis que les comptages après rinçage étaient de 2,70±0,45 (bœuf), 2,68±0,25 (poisson) et 2,79±0,49 (poulet) (p<0,05). Seize des 40 (40%) étaient positifs pour S. aureus, dont 4 (10%) étaient SARM. Parmi les viandes congelées évaluées dans l'étude, le bœuf présentait la fréquence la plus élevée de contamination par S. aureus (46,7%), suivi du poulet (40,0%) et du poisson (30,0%). Le profil de résistance aux antibiotiques de S. aureus a montré qu'ils étaient les moins résistants à la ciprofloxacine (6%) mais présentaient une résistance élevée à l'érythromycine (94%), à l'amoxicilline/acide clavulanique (87,5%) et au triméthoprime-sulfaméthoxazole (81%). L'indice de résistance aux antibiotiques multiples de S. aureus a été calculé à 0,63.Conclusion: Les résultats de cette étude ont révélé que les aliments surgelés pourraient servir de vecteur de dissémination de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques (ARA) et de risques potentiels pour la santé des consommateurs. Mots clés: Staphylococcus aureus; bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques; SARM; viande congelée; rinçage

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Gbenge, A. A., J. I. Shimaor, and C. D. Tuleun. "Proximate composition, haematology, carcass characteristics and meat yield of growing rabbits fed yam-cassava peel composite meal as a replacement for maize." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, no. 3 (June 9, 2022): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i3.3541.

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Yam and cassava peels are by-product resulting from processing of yam and cassava for domestic cooking and other purposes which represent unutilized energy sources in many parts of the country because they have limited or no human food value. It's in view of the need for waste management and upsurge in prizes of conventional feeds (maize) with their increasing demand that necessitate, the need for waste peels from either yam or cassava which are largely discarded thereby constituting environmental nuisance to be used as ingredient (unconventional feedstuffs)in replacing maize(conventionalfeedstuff) as energy source for animal feeding.This study was therefore carried out to investigate the effect of replacing maizewith yam-cassava peel composite meal on haematology, carcass characteristics and meat yield of growing rabbits in 84-days feeding trial. Thirty-six weaner rabbits of mixed sex and strain and average initial weight of 500.89g were randomly allotted to six dietary treatmentsSix dietary treatment were formulated such that, Diet 1 (T1) contained maize and the proportion of maize in diet 1 (T1) was replaced with yam-cassava peel composite meal (YCPCM) in a ratio of 6:1 at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% in diet 2(T2), 3(T3), 4(T4), 5(T5) and 6(T6) respectively. Weighed amounts of feed were served every morning while fresh, cool and clean drinking water was provided ad-libitum and data were collected for proximate composition of yam cassava composite peel meal as well as the haematological profile of growing rabbits and carcass and meat yield. Proximate composition of YCPM revealed 89.60% dry matter (DM), 10.22% crude protein (CP), 14.29% crude fibre (CF), 1.27% ether extract (EE), 6.25% total ash (TA), 67.57% nitrogen free extract (NFE) and 2920.24kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME Results on carcass characteristics and meat yield of growing rabbits indicated no significant (P>0.05) difference on all the parameters measured. Significant (P<0.05) difference occurred in some haematological (PCV, RBC, Hb, MCV and MCH) within the normal range of recommendation for healthy rabbits to it external and internal environment. This suggests that, 100%inclusion of YCPCM in diets of growing rabbits has no adverse deleterious effect on haematology, carcass characteristics and meat yield of growing rabbits. Les peaux d'igname et de manioc sont des sous-produits résultant de la transformation de l'igname et du manioc pour la cuisson domestique et d'autres fins qui représentent des sources d'énergie inutilisées dans de nombreuses régions du pays car elles ont une valeur alimentaire limitée ou sans alimentation humaine. C'est compte tenu de la nécessité de la gestion des déchets et de la recrudescence dans les prix des aliments conventionnels (maïs) avec leur demande croissante qui nécessitent, la nécessité de détester des déchets de l'igname ou de la manioc qui sont largement rejetées, constituant ainsi une nuisance environnementale à utiliser comme ingrédient (Les aliments non conventionnels) dans le remplacement du maïs (alimentation conventionnelle) comme source d'énergie pour l'alimentation des animaux. Cette étude a donc été réalisée pour étudier l'effet du maïs avec la peau d'igname et manioc composite Repas composite sur l'hématologie, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et le rendement de la viande de la caisse de culture en 84- Essai d'alimentation des jours. Trente-six lapins de merveilles de sexe mixtes et de souches et de poids initial moyen de 500,89 g ont été alloués au hasard à six traitements diététiques. Régime alimentaire 1 (T1) contenait du maïs et la proportion de maïs dans le régime alimentaire 1 (T1) a été remplacé par un repas composite de pelage L'igname-manioc (RCPIM) dans un ratio de 6: 1 à 20, 40, 60, 80 et 100% dans le régime alimentaire 2 (T2), 3 (T3), 4 (T4), 5 (T5) et 6 (T6) respectivement. Des quantités pesées d'aliments d'alimentation ont été servies tous les matins, tandis que de l'eau potable fraîche, fraîche et propre a été fournie à l'ad-libitum et les données ont été collectées pour une composition proximité de la plate-forme de pelage composite de Cassava Yam, ainsi que du profil hématologique de la culture de lapins et de la carcasse et de la viande. Composition proximité de la RCPIM a révélé 89,60% de matière sèche (MS), 10,2% de protéines brutes (PB), 14,29% de fibres brutes (FB), de 1,27% d'extrait d'éther (EE), de 6,25% de cendres totale (CT), 67,57% d'extrait d'azote sans azote (EAA) et 2920.24KCAL / kg d'énergie métabolisable (moi entraîne des caractéristiques de la carcasse et du rendement de la viande de lapin de culture indiquée aucune différence significative (p> 0.05) sur tous les paramètres mesurés. La différence significative (p <0,05) s'est produite dans certaines hématologiques (VCE , HGR, HB, MCV et MCH) dans la gamme normale de recommandation pour les lapins sains à l'environnement externe et interne. Cela suggère que 100% l'inclusion de RCPIM dans des régimes de lapin de culture n'a aucun effet néfaste sur l'hématologie, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et Rendement de la viande de rapbits en croissance.

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Nizard, Sophie. "Cacher, festive et végétarienne." Anthropology of the Middle East 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150209.

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Abstract: While meat food is valued socially and symbolically as a part of traditional Jewish culinary culture, vegetarianism and veganism among Jews increased quite spectacularly over the past decade, especially in the USA and in Israel. According to rabbis and to interviewees themselves this new way of eating rooted in the Hebrew Bible and in the rabbinic literature. Indeed causing any cruelty or suffering to animals is prohibited according to these sacred sources; this is an absolute principle. Such changes are having effects on the increment of the Cacher, products that are certified “green” and on the increase of vegan friendly restaurants in Israel. The narrative of Jewish women about their food and culinary practices shows those ongoing changes which are often not the result of ideological radical choices.Résumé : Alors que la viande et les produits carnés sont fortement valorisés par la culture culinaire juive traditionnelle, on assiste depuis une dizaine d’années à un développement spectaculaire des pratiques végétariennes ou véganes en milieu juif, en particulier aux Etats-Unis et en Israël. Cette nouvelle manière de manger est justifiée par les mangeurs eux-mêmes et par nombre de rabbins comme prenant sa source dans la Bible hébraïque et dans la littérature rabbinique. En effet, l’interdit de causer de la souffrance aux animaux apparaît comme un principe fort des textes de la tradition juive. Ces changements sont repérables du fait de l’augmentation de l’offre en Israël (apparition de produits green et certifiés « sans matière animale » dans les supermarchés, multiplication de restaurants vegan friendly). Les discours de femmes juives sur leurs pratiques alimentaires et culinaires, recueillis au début de l’année 2020, viennent illustrer ces changements qui s’avèrent progressifs et sont rarement le résultat de choix idéologiques radicaux.

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Sansupa, Chakriya, Sara Fareed Mohamed Wahdan, Terd Disayathanoowat, and Witoon Purahong. "Identifying Hidden Viable Bacterial Taxa in Tropical Forest Soils Using Amplicon Sequencing of Enrichment Cultures." Biology 10, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070569.

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This study aims to estimate the proportion and diversity of soil bacteria derived from eDNA-based and culture-based methods. Specifically, we used Illumina Miseq to sequence and characterize the bacterial communities from (i) DNA extracted directly from forest soil and (ii) DNA extracted from a mixture of bacterial colonies obtained by enrichment cultures on agar plates of the same forest soil samples. The amplicon sequencing of enrichment cultures allowed us to rapidly screen a culturable community in an environmental sample. In comparison with an eDNA community (based on a 97% sequence similarity threshold), the fact that enrichment cultures could capture both rare and abundant bacterial taxa in forest soil samples was demonstrated. Enrichment culture and eDNA communities shared 2% of OTUs detected in total community, whereas 88% of enrichment cultures community (15% of total community) could not be detected by eDNA. The enrichment culture-based methods observed 17% of the bacteria in total community. FAPROTAX functional prediction showed that the rare and unique taxa, which were detected with the enrichment cultures, have potential to perform important functions in soil systems. We suggest that enrichment culture-based amplicon sequencing could be a beneficial approach to evaluate a cultured bacterial community. Combining this approach together with the eDNA method could provide more comprehensive information of a bacterial community. We expected that more unique cultured taxa could be detected if further studies used both selective and non-selective culture media to enrich bacteria at the first step.

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Dugué, Patrick, and Aimé Landry Dongmo Ngoutsop. "Traction animale et association agriculture élevage dans les savanes d’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre. D’un modèle techniciste à une démarche d’intégration raisonnée à différentes échelles." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 57, no. 3-4 (March 1, 2004): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9886.

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En Afrique subsaharienne, les agronomes ont longtemps considéré que l’amélioration des performances des exploitations agricoles reposait sur l’intégration de l’élevage à l’agriculture. Ce modèle de production s’appuyait sur la traction animale, les cultures fourragères et l’élevage bovin viande et lait, base de la production de fumure organique. Mais, ce modèle n’a pas été adopté comme prévu. Dans le bassin arachidier au Sénégal, dans un contexte de fort aléa climatique, la priorité des paysans est de travailler rapidement pour implanter et entretenir les cultures, ce qui explique leur préférence pour la traction équine. Au Nord-Cameroun la stratégie d’accroissement des surfaces cultivées s’appuyant sur la traction bovine a été préférée à celle d’augmentation des rendements ; la fumure animale a longtemps été délaissée. Cette stratégie reste encore possible dans les zones peu ou moyennement peuplées. Dans les zones les plus peuplées, les évolutions des systèmes de production sont comparables à celles observées dans le bassin arachidier : développement de la traction asine et de l’embouche bovine, difficulté à associer élevage bovin extensif et agriculture. A l’échelle de vastes régions, il sera toujours nécessaire de valoriser par l’élevage des espaces difficiles à cultiver. L’accès à ces espaces pour des troupeaux transhumants doit être préservé. Il est aussi envisageable de développer des complémentarités entre des systèmes d’élevage périurbains et des zones agricoles proches qui développeraient des filières d’approvisionnement en fourrages et en aliments du bétail. Au niveau des terroirs villageois et des exploitations agricoles, l’intensification de l’élevage est indispensable mais nécessite de revoir les conduites des troupeaux et surtout d’accroître la production et les règles de gestion de la biomasse végétale. Pour cela la traction animale devrait être plus mobilisée pour assurer les transports (fumier, fourrage, etc.), accroître les revenus (vache de trait, embouche des animaux de trait en fin de carrière) et contribuer à développer des systèmes de culture plus productifs et accordant plus de place à la production fourragère.

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YIANNIKOURIS, A., and J. P. JOUANY. "Les mycotoxines dans les aliments des ruminants, leur devenir et leurs effets chez l’animal." INRAE Productions Animales 15, no. 1 (February 12, 2002): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2002.15.1.3683.

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Les mycotoxines sont des métabolites secondaires sécrétés par des moisissures appartenant principalement aux genres Aspergillus, Penicillium et Fusarium. Elles sont produites sur une large variété de denrées alimentaires avant, pendant et après récolte. En raison de la diversité de leurs effets toxiques et de leurs propriétés synergiques, les mycotoxines présentent un risque pour le consommateur d’aliments contaminés. Le métabolisme des mycotoxines est complexe et comprend plusieurs voies de bioactivation et de détoxication régies par des mécanismes de biotransformation résultant de l’action d’enzymes de l’hôte et de la flore microbienne présente dans le tube digestif. Une partie des toxines ou de leurs métabolites peut se fixer dans les tissus biologiques ; la majorité est éliminée par voie urinaire, fécale et lactée. Des différences de sensibilité sont observées entre espèces animales. Chez les ruminants, la toxicité se manifeste généralement par des troubles chroniques légers et n’aboutit que rarement à la mort. Une diminution de l’ingestion et des performances zootechniques est généralement observée. Le problème de la présence éventuelle de résidus toxiques se pose pour les produits animaux destinés à la consommation humaine (lait, viande, abats). La réduction des risques passe par un contrôle de la contamination fongique des végétaux résultant de la maîtrise des méthodes de culture, de récolte et de conservation, par des techniques d’élimination des toxines sur l’aliment contaminé, et par une réduction de leur biodisponibilité dans le tractus digestif des animaux par l’emploi d’adsorbants.

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Ayantunde, Augustine A., Clarisse Umutoni, Théophile Dembele, Koita Seydou, and Oumar Samake. "Effects of feed and health interventions on small ruminant production in mixed crop-livestock systems in Southern Mali." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 72, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.31747.

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Les petits ruminants font partie intégrante des systèmes de production mixtes agriculture-élevage au Mali et jouent divers rôles dans la sécurité alimentaire des ménages en tant que sources de viande et de lait, et de moyens de revenus supplémentaires pour répondre aux besoins alimentaires et pécuniaires. Cependant, la production des petits ruminants est compromise par la mauvaise performance des animaux, principalement due à une alimentation inadéquate et aux maladies. Une étude pilote associant des interventions alimentaire et sanitaire a été menée dans deux villages, Sirakele et Zanzoni, dans le district de Koutiala dans le sud du pays. L’objectif était d’évaluer les effets de ces interventions combinées sur la production de petits ruminants dans des systèmes mixtes de culture et d’élevage. Zanzoni a servi de témoin tandis que Sirakele a bénéficié d’interventions alimentaire et sanitaire. Vingt ménages ont été sélectionnés au hasard dans chaque village et l’étude a duré un an, d’août 2016 à août 2017. Les résultats ont montré que, sur une année, la taille moyenne des troupeaux de chèvres et d’ovins a doublé dans le groupe avec interventions alimentaire et sanitaire, alors qu’elle est restée quasi la même dans le groupe témoin. Le taux de mortalité a été significativement plus faible dans le groupe avec traitement que dans le groupe témoin. De plus, les gains de poids des chèvres et des ovins ont été respectivement de 42,98 ± 3,28 et 47,12 ± 2,73 g/jour dans le groupe avec traitement, alors qu’ils n’ont été que de 22,59 ± 2,29 et 16,58 ± 2,74 g/ jour dans le groupe témoin. Les résultats ont confirmé que les interventions alimentaire et sanitaire amélioraient significativement la production des petits ruminants.

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Moreki, J. C., M. I. Moseki, and T. Kopano. "Current status, challenges and strategies employed to raise the population of small ruminants in Botswana:Areview." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 6 (January 18, 2022): 332–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i6.3321.

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Sheep and goats (small ruminants) were the first two animals to be domesticated by humans mainly for meat, milk and byproducts. Asia holds the world's largest goat population (52%), followed by Africa (39%), Europe (5%), Americas (4%), and Oceania (<1%). This review article highlighted the current status of small ruminants in Botswana, challenges and efforts being made to increase national flock population. The latest statistics estimate the population of small ruminants in Botswana to be about 2 065 705 (i.e., 1 769 811 goats and 295 894 sheep). Two production systems exist and these are traditional and commercial. The traditional sector held 95% and 88% of goats and sheep, respectively. Generally, productivity as measured by off-take and mortality rates was low in the traditional sector compared to the commercial sector. However, birth rates were high in the traditional sector than in the commercial sector. The major challenges in small ruminants production in decreasing order were production, marketing and infrastructure, technical and financial oriented. Interventions relating to animal health, cultivation of fodder crops and strategic feeding practices, water development, establishment of processing plants countrywide, as well as, intensified farmer education and training could help raise the national flock numbers and improve productivity leading to export of meat to the secured markets in Africa, Middle East and Europe. Les moutons et les chèvres (petits ruminants) ont été les deux premiers animaux à être domestiqués par l'homme principalement pour la viande, le lait et les sous-produits. L'Asie détient la plus grande population caprine au monde (52 %), suivie de l'Afrique (39 %), de l'Europe (5 %), des Amériques (4 %) et de l'Océanie (< 1 %). Cet article de synthèse a mis en évidence la situation actuelle des petits ruminants au Botswana, les défis et les efforts déployés pour augmenter la population du troupeau national. Les dernières statistiques estiment la population de petits ruminants au Botswana à environ 2 065 705 (c'est-à-dire 1769 811 chèvres et 295 894 moutons). Deux systèmes de production existent et ceux-ci sont traditionnels et commerciaux. Le secteur traditionnel détenait respectivement 95 % et 88 % des chèvres et des moutons. En général, la productivité mesurée par les taux de prélèvement et de mortalité était faible dans le secteur traditionnel par rapport au secteur commercial. Cependant, les taux de natalité étaient plus élevés dans le secteur traditionnel que dans le secteur commercial. Les principaux défis de la production de petits ruminants par ordre décroissant étaient la production, la commercialisation et les infrastructures, techniques et financières. Les interventions relatives à la santé animale, à la culture de plantes fourragères et aux pratiques d'alimentation stratégiques, au développement de l'eau, à l'établissement d'usines de transformation dans tout le pays, ainsi qu'à l'intensification de l'éducation et de la formation des agriculteurs pourraient contribuer à augmenter le nombre de troupeaux nationaux et à améliorer la productivité conduisant à l'exportation de viande vers le marchés sécurisés en Afrique, au Moyen-Orient et en Europe.

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Cohen, Peter, and Nicholas Polunin. "The Viable Culture." Environmental Conservation 17, no. 1 (1990): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900017215.

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Franěk, František, Tomáš Eckschlager, and Ladislav Kohout. "24-Epibrassinolide at Subnanomolar Concentrations Modulates Growth and Production Characteristics of a Mouse Hybridoma." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 68, no. 11 (2003): 2190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20032190.

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Brassinosteroids are known to stimulate plant growth and to possess antistress activities in plants. This work was aimed at exploring possible beneficial effects of 24-epibrassinolide on cultured mammalian cells. A mouse hybridoma was cultured either in standard serum-free medium, or in medium diluted to 30%, in which the cells underwent nutritional stress. Steady-state parameters of semicontinuous cultures conducted at 24-epibrassinolide concentrations from 10-16 to 10-9 mol l-1 were evaluated. Typical effects of the agent found both in standard and in diluted media were (i) increase in the value of mitochondrial membrane potential, (ii), drop of intracellular antibody level, (iii) increase in the fraction of the cells in the G0/G1 phase, and (iv) decrease in the fraction of the cells in the S phase. Alleviation of nutritional stress manifested itself in cultures conducted in diluted media. Viable cell density was significantly higher (relative to control) at 24-epibrassinolide concentrations 10-13 and 10-12 mol l-1. The results of this exploratory study show that the plant hormone 24-epibrassinolide may induce perturbations in the cell division mechanism, in mitochondria performance, and in secreted protein synthesis in a mammalian cell line. At the lowest brassinosteroid concentrations, the number of steroid molecules in the culture was of the same order of magnitude as the number of viable cells in the culture. This implies involvement of a complex cascade mechanism, through which the steroid molecule induces alterations in gene expression leading finally to significant changes in cell culture parameters.

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Sedlacek, Roger L., Ryan W. Carlin, Ashvani K. Singh, and Bruce D. Schultz. "Neurotransmitter-stimulated ion transport by cultured porcine vas deferens epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 281, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): F557—F570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2001.281.3.f557.

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A collagenase-based dissociation technique has been developed to routinely establish monolayer cultures of freshly isolated porcine vas deferens epithelium. Cells isolated from each tissue are transferred to 25-cm2 tissue culture flasks and grown in a standard cell culture medium. Flasks reach confluency in 3–4 days, and cells are subsequently seeded onto permeable supports. Cultured cells display a monolayer cobblestone appearance and are immunoreactive to anti-ZO-1 and anti-cytokeratin antibodies. Electron microscopy is employed to demonstrate the presence of junctional complexes and microvilli. When evaluated in modified Ussing chambers, cultured monolayers exhibit a basal lumen negative potential difference, high electrical resistance (>1,000 Ω · cm2), and respond to norepinephrine, vasopressin, ATP, adenosine, and histamine, with changes in short-circuit current indicative of anion secretion. Responses are significantly attenuated in Cl−- and/or HCO[Formula: see text]-free solutions. Attempts to further optimize culture conditions have shown that chronic exposure to insulin increases proliferation rates. Thus the culture method described will reliably produce viable neurotransmitter-responsive cell monolayers that will allow for the characterization of vas deferens epithelial function and associated control mechanisms.

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Macartney, Kristine K., Daniel C. Baumgart, Simon R. Carding, Jeffery O. Brubaker, and Paul A. Offit. "Primary Murine Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Maintained in Long-Term Culture, Are Susceptible to Rotavirus Infection." Journal of Virology 74, no. 12 (June 15, 2000): 5597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.12.5597-5603.2000.

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ABSTRACT We describe a method for long-term culture of primary small intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) from suckling mice. IEC were digested from intestinal fragments as small intact units of epithelium (organoids) by using collagenase and dispase. IEC proliferated from organoids on a basement-membrane-coated culture surface and remained viable for 3 weeks. Cultured IEC had the morphologic and functional characteristics of immature enterocytes, notably sustained expression of cytokeratin and alkaline phosphatase. Few mesenchymal cells were present in the IEC cultures. IEC were also cultured from adult BALB/c mice and expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens for at least 48 h in vitro. Primary IEC supported the growth of rhesus rotavirus (RRV) to a greater extent than a murine small intestinal cell line, m-ICcl2. Cell-culture-adapted murine rotavirus strain EDIM infected primary IEC and m-ICcl2 cells to a lesser extent than RRV. Wild-type EDIM did not infect either cell type. Long-term culture of primary murine small intestinal epithelial cells provides a method to study (i) virus-cell interactions, (ii) the capacity of IEC to act as antigen-presenting cells using a wide variety of MHC haplotypes, and (iii) IEC biology.

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Shu, S., T. Chou, and S. A. Rosenberg. "In vitro sensitization and expansion with viable tumor cells and interleukin 2 in the generation of specific therapeutic effector cells." Journal of Immunology 136, no. 10 (May 15, 1986): 3891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.136.10.3891.

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Abstract We have investigated the efficacy and immunologic characteristics of immune effector cells generated from cultures containing large numbers of viable tumor cells and interleukin 2 (IL 2) in the adoptive immunotherapy of experimentally induced pulmonary metastases from the newly developed, weakly immunogenic MCA 105 sarcoma in mice. The current culture conditions allowed increases of either normal or MCA 105 immune spleen cells up to 94-fold in 15 days. The in vitro expanded normal and MCA 105 immune cells displayed nonspecific in vitro cytotoxicity against several syngeneic tumor targets. However, therapeutically effective cells could only be obtained from cultures initiated with MCA 105 immune spleen cells. Immunotherapy with expanded immune effector cells could lead to the reduction of established 3 day pulmonary metastases, prolongation of survival, and cure of tumor in the majority of animals. The generation and proliferation of therapeutic effector cells in vitro depended on the presence in cultures of specific tumor stimulator cells as well as the presence of IL 2. Although immunotherapy with either fresh noncultured or secondarily in vitro-sensitized (IVS) MCA 105 immune spleen cells was immunologically specific, the efficacy of the adoptive cellular therapy with cultured but not fresh immune cells could be improved by the administration to tumor-bearing hosts of exogenous IL 2. In addition to numerical expansion, the IVS immune cells, on a per cell basis, afforded an eightfold to 10-fold increase in therapeutic efficacy when compared with fresh noncultured MCA 105 immune cells. Our results indicate that the current culture procedure induced in vitro antigenic stimulation and expansion of tumor-specific immune effector cells that was otherwise not possible by conventional mixed lymphocyte-tumor cultures.

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Racusen, L. C., B. A. Fivush, H. Andersson, and W. A. Gahl. "Culture of renal tubular cells from the urine of patients with nephropathic cystinosis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1, no. 8 (February 1991): 1028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v181028.

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Nephropathic cystinosis represents a prototype for lysosomal storage diseases and is the most common cause of renal tubular Fanconi's syndrome. Mechanisms of the tubular transport defects in this disease have not been defined, however, in part because the cells readily cultured from affected patients, leukocytes and fibroblasts, do not express epithelial transport functions. Except for a single autopsy report, renal tubular cells from these patients have not been studied in vitro. In these studies, noninvasive harvesting and culture of renal tubular cells from the urine of patients with cystinosis is described. Cultures of renal tubular cells could be established from over 50% of the isolates which contained viable cells and which remained uncontaminated in vitro. Cells had an epithelial morphology in culture, and the majority of cultured cells expressed proximal tubular brush border marker enzyme. Cultured cells also expressed the storage defect in vitro, containing cystine levels up to 100 times those of normal cells. Cultured cells could be depleted of cystine by using the thiol cysteamine. This in vitro model system should be very useful for studying the mechanisms of renal tubular transport defects in this disease.

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Naraoka, Yuna, Yo Mabuchi, Mai Kiuchi, Kyoko Kumagai, Daisuke Hisamatsu, Yosuke Yoneyama, Takanori Takebe, and Chihiro Akazawa. "Quality Control of Stem Cell-Based Cultured Meat According to Specific Differentiation Abilities." Cells 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2024): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells13020135.

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The demand for stem cell-based cultured meat as an alternative protein source is increasing in response to global food scarcity. However, the definition of quality controls, including appropriate growth factors and cell characteristics, remains incomplete. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 29 is ubiquitously expressed in bovine muscle tissue and is a marker of progenitor cells in cultured meat. However, CD29+ cells are naturally heterogeneous, and this quality control issue must be resolved. In this study, the aim was to identify the subpopulation of the CD29+ cell population with potential utility in cultured meat production. The CD29+ cell population exhibited heterogeneity, discernible through the CD44 and CD344 markers. CD29+CD44−CD344− cells displayed the ability for long-term culture, demonstrating high adipogenic potential and substantial lipid droplet accumulation, even within 3D cultures. Conversely, CD29+CD44+ cells exhibited rapid proliferation but were not viable for prolonged culture. Using cells suitable for adipocyte and muscle differentiation, we successfully designed meat buds, especially those rich in fat. Collectively, the identification and comprehension of distinct cell populations within bovine tissues contribute to quality control predictions in meat production. They also aid in establishing a stable and reliable cultured meat production technique.

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Zhang, HH, S. Kumar, AH Barnett, and MC Eggo. "Ceiling culture of mature human adipocytes: use in studies of adipocyte functions." Journal of Endocrinology 164, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1640119.

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Adipocytes contain large lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. When cultured, they float on top of the medium, clump together, and do not gain equal and sufficient access to the medium. Morphological changes cannot be observed and the majority of adipocytes undergo cell lysis within 72 h of isolation. We have used a ceiling culture method for human mature adipocytes which uses their buoyant property to allow them to adhere to a floating glass surface, where they remain viable for several weeks. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy we showed the cellular expression and subcellular localization of leptin in ceiling-cultured adipocytes. The secretion of leptin was increased from ceiling cultures following tumour necrosis factor-alpha treatment. Proliferation of mature human adipocytes in serum-containing medium was demonstrated by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine, 2% of adipocytes showing positive incorporation after 4 h labelling. Proliferation was also evident from the budding of daughter cells. Apoptosis in the ceiling cultures was increased by 48 h serum deprivation (30-35 vs 10-15% in the control) and was assayed by propidium iodide staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-fluorescein nick-end labelling. Lipolysis, analysed by liquid scintillation counting, was increased by forskolin (10 microM for 90 min) and lipogenesis, shown by autoradiography, was stimulated by insulin (10 and 100 nM for 4 h). These findings indicate that ceiling-cultured adipocytes maintain adipocyte-specific functions and that ceiling culture, which overcomes the shortcomings of adipocyte suspension culture, can be used to study adipocyte cell biology.

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Dujić, Tanja, Adlija Čaušević, and Maja Malenica. "The Effects of Different Concentrations of Acetylsalicylic Acid on Proliferation and Viability of Lymphocytes in Cell Culture." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 8, no. 3 (August 20, 2008): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2008.2919.

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Numerous studies conducted on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) confirmed that ASA inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in various types of human cells. Therefore, it was of interest to examine possible effects of different concentrations of ASA on viability and proliferation of lymphocytes in the cell culture. After separation from blood, lymphocytes were suspended in RPMI 1640 medium and cultured at 37°C. Solution of ASA was added to cultures after 24h, in final concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 mmol/l. After 48h, proliferative response was evaluated by WST-1 assay. Significant difference in viability between controls and cell cultures treated with ASA in three different concentrations was observed (p < 0,01). Percents of viable cells in cultures after application of 1, 3 and 5 mmol/l ASA were 9,9%, 2,5% and 16,9% (compared to controls), respectively. To determine whether this cytotoxic effect was result of induction of apoptosis, DNA from cell cultures was isolated and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. Fragmentation of DNA was not detected, excluding apoptosis as possible cause of cytotoxic effects. Addition of ASA caused change of initial extracellular pH value for each treated culture. After addition of 1 mmol/l ASA, pH of culture was 7,19, after 3 mmol/L, 6,99 and after addition of 5 mmol/l solution, pH was 6,75. Decreased lymphocyte viability could be attributed to either the effects of the added substance or possible further acidification of cell cultures during three days of incubation.

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Borzenok, S. A., B. E. Malyugin, D. S. Ostrovskiy, A. K. Ahmedov, K. D. Tonaeva, Y. A. Komakh, and M. K. Khubetsova. "Survival of the posterior lamellar cornea graft keratocytes and endothelial cells cultivated in the modified corneal preservation media." Fyodorov journal of ophthalmic surgery, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/0235-4160-2021-2-32-39.

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Purpose. To study the survival of keratocytes and endothelial cells of a human donor cornea storage in the standard and the new media which was specifically designed for optimized cornea hydration. Material and methods. 2D cell cultures of keratocytes and endothelial cells obtained from the Eye tissue bank were used for culture in improved storage media over a period of 14 and 7 days subsequently. To confirm phenotype characteristics, the cells were stained by the following markers: for keratocytes – Lumikan, Keratocan, and α-smooth muscle actin; for endothelial cells – ZO-1 and Na/K-ATPase. The onset of apoptosis in cell culture of keratocytes were detected with Cytochrome C, BAX, and Caspase 3 and 8. Viability of cell cultures after the cultivation was carried out using a commercial set of "Live and Dead". Morphology of the endothelial cells was assessed using an electron scanning microscope. Results. It was shown that the 2D keratocyte culture cultured in the improved storage media expressed specific markers: Lumican, Keratocan, and did not express α-smooth muscle actin. There were no markers of apoptosis in the cell culture of keratocytes after 14 days of cultivation. Corneal endothelium cultured in the improved storage media expresses ZO-1, Na/K-ATPase and presented hexagonal cell shape morphology according to electron microscopy. Conclusion. The improved storage media allow to preserve the unique phenotype of keratocytes, with a slight decrease in proliferative cells activity during 14 days. The media maintain a viable and functional corneal endothelium for at least seven days of cultivation. Key words: cell culture; corneal endothelium; keratocyte; posterior lamellar graft, corneal storage media.

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Durlu, Yusuf K., and Makoto Tamai. "Transplantation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Using Viable Cryopreserved Cells." Cell Transplantation 6, no. 2 (March 1997): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979700600209.

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Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may have potential clinical application for the surgical treatment of RPE-specific retinal degeneration, including age-related macular degeneration. The feasibility of an RPE storage bank has been investigated by experimenting with transplantation using viable, cryopreserved RPE cells. Fresh and cultured fetal human and bovine RPE cells were cryopreserved in 90% fetal bovine serum containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. The viability of the cells before and after cryopreservation was evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion test, microculture tetrazolium assay (MTA), tissue culture, and transplantation after cryopreservation. The origin of RPE cells before and after cryopreservation was assessed by immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, and indirect ELISA of RPE-marker protein using cytokeratin for cultured fetal human RPE cells and by immunocytochemistry of cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CR-ALBP) for cultured bovine RPE cells. Freshly isolated and cryopreserved uncultured bovine RPE cells were transplanted by posterior transscleral approach into the subretinal spaces of adult albino rabbits and 23-day-old Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats with a 33 gauge Hamilton syringe. Following surgery, artificial retinal blebs were confirmed by fundus examination. Morphologic examination was performed postoperatively by light and electron microscopy in albino rabbits and by light microscopy in RCS rats up to 3 mo. Control subretinal injections using vehicle solution also were performed in RCS rats. Cultured fetal human and bovine RPE cells after cryopreservation were found to be viable, based on the results of trypan blue dye exclusion test, MTA, tissue culture, and transplantation. Expression and reexpression of cytokeratin intermediate filaments in cultured fetal human RPE were demonstrated by immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, and indirect ELISA before and after cryopreservation. Immunocytochemistry of CRALBP before and after cryopreservation in uncultured bovine RPE cells disclosed expression and reexpression of RPE cell marker protein. No uncultured fetal human RPE cells showed proliferation in tissue culture after cryopreservation. In rabbits, light and electron microscopy disclosed xenografted RPE cells residing on Bruch's membrane of the host retina. No sign of graft vs. host reaction was observed. No morphologic difference was noted between the fresh and 10-day-old cryopreserved RPE cells in situ following transplantation at day 25. In RCS rats, subretinal injection of 3-wk-old cryopreserved bovine RPE cells partially rescued photoreceptor cells locally at the transplanted area observed at 3 mo postoperatively. The retinal photoreceptors at the inferior hemisphere of the transplanted eye and the eye injected with vehicle solution showed no rescue effect. We found that cryopreserved cultured fetal human RPE cells and uncultured and cultured bovine RPE cells can be used for RPE transplantation studies. The ability to create an RPE storage bank as a source of donor cells may result in several clinical advantages.

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Leland, Diane S., and Christine C. Ginocchio. "Role of Cell Culture for Virus Detection in the Age of Technology." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 20, no. 1 (January 2007): 49–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00002-06.

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SUMMARY Viral disease diagnosis has traditionally relied on the isolation of viral pathogens in cell cultures. Although this approach is often slow and requires considerable technical expertise, it has been regarded for decades as the “gold standard” for the laboratory diagnosis of viral disease. With the development of nonculture methods for the rapid detection of viral antigens and/or nucleic acids, the usefulness of viral culture has been questioned. This review describes advances in cell culture-based viral diagnostic products and techniques, including the use of newer cell culture formats, cryopreserved cell cultures, centrifugation-enhanced inoculation, precytopathogenic effect detection, cocultivated cell cultures, and transgenic cell lines. All of these contribute to more efficient and less technically demanding viral detection in cell culture. Although most laboratories combine various culture and nonculture approaches to optimize viral disease diagnosis, virus isolation in cell culture remains a useful approach, especially when a viable isolate is needed, if viable and nonviable virus must be differentiated, when infection is not characteristic of any single virus (i.e., when testing for only one virus is not sufficient), and when available culture-based methods can provide a result in a more timely fashion than molecular methods.

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Silva, Helder Rodrigues da, Francino Costa Palhares da Silva, Cassio Egidio Cavenaghi Prete, Rodrigo Thibes Hoshino, Ricardo Tadeu de Faria, Mario Sergio Mantovani, and Carmen Luisa Barbosa Guedes. "Cryopreservation of Chlorella vulgaris Using Different Cryoprotectant Agents." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 7 (May 15, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n7p75.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the cryopreservation of Chlorella vulgaris using different substances. The C. vulgaris was cultured in medium MH, the microalgae were grown under a 12:12 h light: dark photoperiod, illumination with 40 W led lamps, and a controlled temperature of 28±1 ºC. C.vulgaris was cultured for 15 days and the culture was aliquoted into 3-mL cryogenic tubes. The 3-mL aliquot was centrifuged, the supernatant was discarded, and the pellet was resuspended in different cryoprotectant solutions, T1-PVS1, T2-PVS2, T3-PVS2 (1% phloroglucinol), T4 (2 M glycerol), and T5 (5% methanol). The samples were rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) and analyzed after 15, 150, and 300 days of freezing. Cell viability was determined in cultures grown for 20 days. The only effective treatment was T5, which promoted the growth of thawed cultures in both solid and liquid media. After 15 days of freezing in liquid nitrogen and 20 days of culture growth, the number of viable and nonviable cells was 3.42±0.72 × 107 and 0.06±0.009 × 107, respectively, and viability was 98.2%. Similar values were obtained after 150 and 300 days of freezing: 2.17±0.15 × 107 and 2.35±0.18 × 107 viable cells, 0.05±0.02 × 107 and 0.10±0.02 × 107 nonviable cells, and viability of 97.6% and 95.8%, respectively. The cryopreservation protocol for microalgae C. vulgaris using 5% methanol was effective; therefore, it is possible to maintain this strain under axenic conditions in liquid nitrogen for long periods.

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MARTYNIUK, STEFAN, and JADWIGA OROŃ. "Use of Potato Extract Broth for Culturing Root-Nodule Bacteria." Polish Journal of Microbiology 60, no. 4 (2011): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2011-046.

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Liquid media containing potato extract and 1% of glucose or sucrose were used to culture root-nodule bacteria (rhizobia) in shaken Erlenmeyer flasks. For comparison, these bacteria were also cultured in yeast extract-mannitol broth (YEMB) as a standard medium. Proliferation of rhizobia was monitored by measuring optical densities (OD550) of the cultures and by plate counting of the viable cells (c.f.u) of the bacteria. In general, multiplication of the rhizobia in potato extract-glucose broth (PEGB) and potato extract-sucrose broth (PESB) was markedly faster, as indicated by higher values of OD550, than in YEMB. The numbers of R. leguminosarum by. vicae GGL and S. meliloti 330 in PEGB and PEGB were high and ranged from 1.2 x 10(10) to 4.9 x 10(10) mL(-1) after 48 h of incubation at 28 degrees C. B. japonicum B3S culture in PEGB contained 6.4 x 10(9) c.f.u. ml(-1) after 72 h of incubation. PEGB and YEMB cultures of the rhizobia were similar with respect to their beneficial effects on nodulation of the host-plants of these bacteria.

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Nishino, Tomohiko, Binaya B. Nayak, and Kazuhiro Kogure. "Density-Dependent Sorting of Physiologically Different Cells of Vibrio parahaemolyticus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 6 (June 2003): 3569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3569-3572.2003.

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ABSTRACT A pure bacterial culture is composed of clonal cells in different physiological states. Separation of those subpopulations is critical for further characterization and for understanding various processes in the cultured cells. We used density-dependent cell sorting with Percoll to separate subpopulations from cultures of a marine bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Cells from cultures in the exponential and stationary phases were fractionated according to their buoyant density, and their culturability and ability to maintain culturability under low-temperature and low-nutrient stress (stress resistance) were determined. The buoyant density of the major portion of the cells decreased with culture age. The culturability of stationary-phase cells increased with increasing buoyant density, but that of exponential-phase cells did not. Stress resistance decreased with increasing buoyant density regardless of the growth phase. The results indicate that density-dependent cell sorting is useful for separating subpopulations of different culturabilities and stress resistances. We expect that this method will be a powerful tool for analyzing cells in various physiological states, such as the viable but nonculturable state.

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Pundsack, J. W., R. E. Hicks, and R. P. Axler. "Effect of alternative on-site wastewater treatment on the viability and culturability of Salmonella choleraesuis." Journal of Water and Health 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2005.0001.

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The objective of this study was to determine how alternative on-site wastewater treatment systems (i.e. subsurface flow constructed wetlands, intermittent sand filters and intermittent peat filters) affect the viability and culturability of Salmonella choleraesuis (serotype typhimurium, ATCC 23567). Influent was a high strength septic tank effluent (BOD5 240–344 mg L−1, TN ∼100 mg L−1, TP ∼ 15 mg L−1) at the Natural Resources Research Institute's (NRRI) alternative treatment system test facility in northern Minnesota. Treatment systems were inoculated with cultures of S. choleraesuis for 5–7 consecutive days in summer and winter during 1998–99. After the seeding, outflow samples were taken until Salmonella counts were sustained at background levels. In addition to culture-based enumeration, S. choleraesuis abundances were also measured using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) alone and in combination with the direct viable count method (DVC) to determine if plate counts underestimated total and viable Salmonella abundances and if the Salmonella cell viability changed after passing through the treatment systems. In most cases, total and viable cell abundances in treatment system effluents were several orders of magnitude higher than cultured cell abundances. Our results indicate that the culture-based method underestimated viable concentrations of the model pathogen, S. choleraesuis. Salmonella cell viability decreased in effluents during the summer but increased during the winter. Using a culture-based enumeration method alone to determine removal efficiencies of bacterial indicators and pathogens for wastewater treatment systems may result in artificially high estimates of effective treatment.

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Brüll, Markus, Nils Geese, Ivana Celardo, Michael Laumann, and Marcel Leist. "Preparation of Viable Human Neurites for Neurobiological and Neurodegeneration Studies." Cells 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2024): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells13030242.

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Few models allow the study of neurite damage in the human central nervous system. We used here dopaminergic LUHMES neurons to establish a culture system that allows for (i) the observation of highly enriched neurites, (ii) the preparation of the neurite fraction for biochemical studies, and (iii) the measurement of neurite markers and metabolites after axotomy. LUHMES-based spheroids, plated in culture dishes, extended neurites of several thousand µm length, while all somata remained aggregated. These cultures allowed an easy microscopic observation of live or fixed neurites. Neurite-only cultures (NOC) were produced by cutting out the still-aggregated somata. The potential application of such cultures was exemplified by determinations of their protein and RNA contents. For instance, the mitochondrial TOM20 protein was highly abundant, while nuclear histone H3 was absent. Similarly, mitochondrial-encoded RNAs were found at relatively high levels, while the mRNA for a histone or the neuronal nuclear marker NeuN (RBFOX3) were relatively depleted in NOC. Another potential use of NOC is the study of neurite degeneration. For this purpose, an algorithm to quantify neurite integrity was developed. Using this tool, we found that the addition of nicotinamide drastically reduced neurite degeneration. Also, the chelation of Ca2+ in NOC delayed the degeneration, while inhibitors of calpains had no effect. Thus, NOC proved to be suitable for biochemical analysis and for studying degeneration processes after a defined cut injury.

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Grenville, D. J., Y. Piché, and R. L. Peterson. "Sclerotia as viable sources of mycelia for the establishment of ectomycorrhizae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-205.

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The ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius and Paxillus involutus, which have wide host potential and diverse ecological ranges, were grown in association with pine seedlings in plastic growth pouches. Sclerotia formed under these conditions were stored at room temperature for up to 30 days and then germinated on agar medium. Pure cultures of P. involutus also produced sclerotia and these also regenerated in culture. Mycelial plugs from the sclerotia-derived cultures were subsequently reinoculated onto pine roots. Typical ectomycorrhizae with a mantle and Hartig net were established.

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Xu, Feiyue, Lei Xu, Qi Wang, Zhaoyang Ye, Yan Zhou, and Wen-Song Tan. "3D Dynamic Culture of Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes Encapsulated in Alginate Gel Beads Using Spinner Flasks for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/539789.

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Cell-based therapy using chondrocytes for cartilage repair suffers from chondrocyte dedifferentiation. In the present study, the effects of an integrated three-dimensional and dynamic culture on rabbit articular chondrocytes were investigated. Cells (passages 1 and 4) were encapsulated in alginate gel beads and cultured in spinner flasks in chondrogenic and chondrocyte growth media. Subcutaneous implantation of the cell-laden beads was performed to evaluate the ectopic chondrogenesis. It was found that cells remained viable after 35 days in the three-dimensional dynamic culture. Passage 1 cells demonstrated a proliferative growth in both media. Passage 4 cells showed a gradual reduction in DNA content in growth medium, which was attenuated in chondrogenic medium. Deposition of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) was found in all cultures. While passage 1 cells generally produced higher amounts of GAG than passage 4 cells, GAG/DNA became similar on day 35 for both cells in growth media. Interestingly, GAG/DNA in growth medium was greater than that in chondrogenic medium for both cells. Based on GAG quantification and gene expression analysis, encapsulated passage 1 cells cultured in growth medium displayed the best ectopic chondrogenesis. Taken together, the three-dimensional and dynamic culture for chondrocytes holds great potential in cartilage regeneration.

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Bayley, Jean-Pierre, Heggert G. Rebel, Kimberly Scheurwater, Dominique Duesman, Juan Zhang, Francesca Schiavi, Esther Korpershoek, Jeroen C. Jansen, Abbey Schepers, and Peter Devilee. "Long-term in vitro 2D-culture of SDHB and SDHD-related human paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): e0274478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274478.

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The neuroendocrine tumours paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma (PPGLs) are commonly associated with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) gene variants, but no human SDH-related PPGL-derived cell line has been developed to date. The aim of this study was to systematically explore practical issues related to the classical 2D-culture of SDH-related human paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas, with the ultimate goal of identifying a viable tumour-derived cell line. PPGL tumour tissue/cells (chromaffin cells) were cultured in a variety of media formulations and supplements. Tumour explants and dissociated primary tumour cells were cultured and stained with a range of antibodies to identify markers suitable for use in human PPGL culture. We cultured 62 PPGLs, including tumours with confirmed SDHB, SDHC and SDHD variants, as well as several metastatic tumours. Testing a wide range of basic cell culture media and supplements, we noted a marked decline in chromaffin cell numbers over a 4–8 week period but the persistence of small numbers of synaptophysin/tyrosine hydroxylase-positive chromaffin cells for up to 99 weeks. In cell culture, immunohistochemical staining for chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase was generally negative in chromaffin cells, while staining for synaptophysin and tyrosine hydroxylase was generally positive. GFAP showed the most consistent staining of type II sustentacular cells. Of the media tested, low serum or serum-free media best sustained relative chromaffin cell numbers, while lactate enhanced the survival of synaptophysin-positive cells. Synaptophysin-positive PPGL tumour cells persist in culture for long periods but show little evidence of proliferation. Synaptophysin was the most consistent cell marker for chromaffin cells and GFAP the best marker for sustentacular cells in human PPGL cultures.

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Williams, Alvin J., and Richard C. Vreeland. "Corporate Culture in the Academic Marketing Department." Journal of Marketing Education 10, no. 1 (March 1988): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027347538801000106.

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The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the efficacy of the corporate culture idea to improved performance in academic marketing departments. All departments have a culture. The challenge is to formulate a healthy and viable culture. Abbreviated case examples are included to demonstrate contrasting cultures.

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Ito, Sawa, A. John Barrett, Andre Larochelle, Nancy F. Hensel, Keyvan Keyvanfar, and J. Joseph Melenhorst. "Long Term Maintenance of Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cell-Like Populations Cultured with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC)." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 3546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3546.3546.

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Abstract Abstract 3546 Because MSC support the growth and the differentiation of normal hematopoietic stem cells we hypothesized that MSC might also support leukemia cells, in particular leukemia stem cells (LSC) in vitro. We cultured blast cells from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in liquid medium to study persistence of stem-cell-like and differentiated leukemia cell populations by flow cytometry, with and without MSC and additional growth factors. Cryopresrerved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from 6 AML patients (mean Age 47, range 23–74). Leukemia blasts were isolated by sorting live (propidium iodide (PI)-negative) CD34+ lineage (CD2+, CD3+, CD14+ and CD19+) -negative cells using a FACS ARIA II cell sorter (BD). Sorted blasts (2.5 ×105 cells) were co-cultured with an equal number of irradiated MSC derived from healthy donor bone marrow in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% human serum, with or without a human cytokine (CYTO) mixture (50 ng/ml interleukin 3, 150 ng/ml stem cell factor, and 150ng/ml Flt-3 ligand). MSC were replenished every two weeks. The phenotype of cultured cells was analyzed weekly using fluorescently-conjugated monoclonal antibodies against CD34, CD38, and CD45, plus the lineage panel and a dead cell exclusion dye Cell cycle analysis with Hoeschst 33342 and Pyronin Y was performed on cells co-stained with CD34, CD45 and PI. Primary leukemia samples were phenotypically heterogeneous with respect to proportions of cells (co-)staining for CD34 and CD38 as previously reported: three samples showed CD34+CD38- predominance (LSC-like leukemia), and three were CD34+CD38+ (common myeloid progenitor (CMP)-like leukemia). LSC-like leukemia maintained viable CD34+CD38- cells for at least 6 weeks when co-cultured with MSC alone, in contrast to cultures with cytokines or medium only which showed rapid decline in the LSC populations and no prolonged maintenance of viable cells (p=0.0005) (Figure, left panel). CMP-like leukemia maintained their CD34+CD38+ phenotype when co-cultured with MSC alone but persistence of this subset was not significantly different from the other culture conditions (p=0.5) and no culture remained viable after 4 weeks (Figure, right panel). Cell cycle analysis showed that co-culture with MSC maintained CD34+ blasts in G0 significantly more than other culture conditions (P<0.0001). We conclude that MSC support the maintenance of a leukemia stem cell phenotype in a long- term (6 week) in vitro culture system. The differential capacity of MSC to support LSC- like and CMP- like leukemia may be associated with the different frequency of leukemia initiating cells within each leukemic blast population. NSG mice xenotranplant model experiments are ongoing to confirm this hypothesis. Co-culture of LSC with MSC represents a simple approach to maintain LSC in vitro and could be utilized to screen the drug targeting LSCs. Further study of the effect of MSC on LSC would elucidate a potential mechanism whereby the marrow microenvironment serves as a reservoir of persisting leukemia after remission induction chemotherapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Ikeda-Motonakano, Reiko, Fumika Hirabayashi-Nishimuta, Naomi Yada, Ryota Yamasaki, Yoshie Nagai-Yoshioka, Michihiko Usui, Kohji Nakazawa, Daigo Yoshiga, Izumi Yoshioka, and Wataru Ariyoshi. "Fabrication of a Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture System for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas Using a Microfabricated Device." Cancers 15, no. 21 (October 26, 2023): 5162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15215162.

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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be responsible for recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to treatment in many types of cancers; therefore, new treatment strategies targeting CSCs are attracting attention. In this study, we fabricated a polyethylene glycol-tagged microwell device that enabled spheroid formation from human oral squamous carcinoma cells. HSC-3 and Ca9-22 cells cultured in the microwell device aggregated and generated a single spheroid per well within 24–48 h. The circular shape and smooth surface of spheroids were maintained for up to five days, and most cells comprising the spheroids were Calcein AM-positive viable cells. Interestingly, the mRNA expression of CSC markers (Cd44, Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2) were significantly higher in the spheroids than in the monolayer cultures. CSC marker-positive cells were observed throughout the spheroids. Moreover, resistance to cisplatin was enhanced in spheroid-cultured cells compared to that in the monolayer-cultured cells. Furthermore, some CSC marker genes were upregulated in HSC-3 and Ca9-22 cells that were outgrown from spheroids. In xenograft model, the tumor growth in the spheroid implantation group was comparable to that in the monolayer culture group. These results suggest that our spheroid culture system may be a high-throughput tool for producing uniform CSCs in large numbers from oral cancer cells.

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Gastens, Martin H., Kristin Goltry, Wolfgang Prohaska, Diethelm Tschöpe, Bernd Stratmann, Dirk Lammers, Stanley Kirana, Christian Götting, and Knut Kleesiek. "Good Manufacturing Practice-Compliant Expansion of Marrow-Derived Stem and Progenitor Cells for Cell Therapy." Cell Transplantation 16, no. 7 (August 2007): 685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/000000007783465172.

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Ex vivo expansion is being used to increase the number of stem and progenitor cells for autologous cell therapy. Initiation of pivotal clinical trials testing the efficacy of these cells for tissue repair has been hampered by the challenge of assuring safe and high-quality cell production. A strategy is described here for clinical-scale expansion of bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells within a mixed cell population in a completely closed process from cell collection through postculture processing using sterile connectable devices. Human BM mononuclear cells (BMMNC) were isolated, cultured for 12 days, and washed postharvest using either standard open procedures in laminar flow hoods or using automated closed systems. Conditions for these studies were similar to long-term BM cultures in which hematopoietic and stromal components are cultured together. Expansion of marrow-derived stem and progenitor cells was then assessed. Cell yield, number of colony forming units (CFU), phenotype, stability, and multilineage differentiation capacity were compared from the single pass perfusion bioreactor and standard flask cultures. Purification of BMMNC using a closed Ficoll gradient process led to depletion of 98% erythrocytes and 87% granulocytes, compared to 100% and 70%, respectively, for manual processing. After closed system culture, mesenchymal progenitors, measured as CD105+CD166+CD14–CD45– and fibroblastic CFU, expanded 317- and 364-fold, respectively, while CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors were depleted 10-fold compared to starting BMMNC. Cultured cells exhibited multilineage differentiation by displaying adipogenic, osteogenic, and endothelial characteristics in vitro. No significant difference was observed between manual and bioreactor cultures. Automated culture and washing of the cell product resulted in 181 × 106 total cells that were viable and contained fibroblastic CFU for at least 24 h of storage. A combination of closed, automated technologies enabled production of good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant cell therapeutics, ready for use within a clinical setting, with minimal risk of microbial contamination.

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Barnes, Sequoia. "“If You Don’t Bring No Grits, Don’t Come”: Critiquing a Critique of Patrick Kelly, Golliwogs, And Camp as A Technique of Black Queer Expression." Open Cultural Studies 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 678–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2017-0062.

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Abstract I have written this article in order to establish Patrick Kelly as a black forbearer of fashion. Kelly complicates our sense of fashion through his use of black memorabilia and camp to not only create something consumable but to comment on the black body as a consumable. Therefore, the role I play in acknowledging this black supernova, as Eric Darnell Pritchard calls him, is by critiquing Lewis and Fraley’s critique of Patrick Kelly and questioning why overtly expressing one’s queerness through camp has not been seen as a viable form of black expression in the mainstream narrative of black creativity. Lewis and Fraley’s complete dismissal of Kelly’s use of camp does not happen in a vacuum. Yet, I must remember that there is also the task of establishing a legacy of technique for Patrick Kelly. Who are his forbearers?

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Hayashi, S., P. L. Witte, L. D. Shultz, and P. W. Kincade. "Lymphohemopoiesis in culture is prevented by interaction with adherent bone marrow cells from mutant viable motheaten mice." Journal of Immunology 140, no. 7 (April 1, 1988): 2139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.140.7.2139.

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Abstract Mice with the recessive "motheaten" (me) or "viable motheaten" (mev) mutations have severe immunologic disturbances and die at an early age. The function of hemopoietic progenitor cells and microenvironmental elements that regulate their growth and differentiation were studied in mev mice with two types of long term bone marrow cultures. Cells from bone marrow of homozygous defective mev/mev mice were non-productive under conditions that normally support replication of stem cells and production of neutrophil granulocytes. Similarly, in a different culture system, lymphocytes were produced from normal littermate, but not mev/mev bone marrow. Initial overgrowth of cells having macrophage-like characteristics occurred in both culture systems with marrow from defective mice. Co-cultures of normal and defective bone marrow cells were always non-productive. In contrast, supernatants of mev/mev bone marrow cultures did not have a detrimental effect on cultures of normal cells, implying that the suppression was cell-associated. Furthermore, there was no evidence for abnormal release of granulocyte or macrophage growth factors in mev bone marrow cultures. A small population of cells in mev/mev bone marrow cultures were morphologically similar to "stromal" cells that support lymphohemopoiesis. Certain culture strategies could be used to enrich for these. mev/mev stromal cells had affinity for normal lymphocytes; however, they did not support lymphocyte growth. The long term bone marrow cultures thus reveal an apparent imbalance in the regulatory mechanisms affected by these single gene mutations. This is manifested by preferential or aberrant growth of one type of adherent cell and a possible functional abnormality of stromal cells. mev mice could provide an ideal model for investigating cell-associated molecules that normally limit progenitor cell replication.

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Estevinho, Maria Manuela, José Cabeda, Mafalda Santiago, Elisabete Machado, Ricardo Silva, Mary Duro, Inês Pita, et al. "Viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Colonizes Peripheral Blood of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (June 7, 2023): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061520.

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Pathobionts, particularly Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Escherichia coli isolates with adherence/invasive ability (AIEC) have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of viable MAP and AIEC in a cohort of IBD patients. As such, MAP and E. coli cultures were established from faecal and blood samples (with a total n = 62 for each) of patients with CD (n = 18), ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 15), or liver cirrhosis (n = 7), as well as from healthy controls (HC, n = 22). Presumptive positive cultures were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for a positive confirmation of MAP or E. coli identity. E. coli-confirmed isolates were then tested for AIEC identity using adherence and invasion assays in the epithelial cell line of Caco-2 and survival and replication assays in the macrophage cell line of J774. MAP sub-culture and genome sequencing were also performed. MAP was more frequently cultured from the blood and faecal samples of patients with CD and cirrhosis. E. coli presumptive colonies were isolated from the faecal samples of most individuals, in contrast to what was registered for the blood samples. Additionally, from the confirmed E. coli isolates, only three had an AIEC-like phenotype (i.e., one CD patient and two UC patients). This study confirmed the association between MAP and CD; however, it did not find a strong association between the presence of AIEC and CD. It may be hypothesized that the presence of viable MAP in the bloodstream of CD patients contributes to disease reactivation.

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Barroso, P. A. A., L. R. F. M. Paulino, B. R. Silva, G. L. Vasconcelos, D. S. Gomes, M. F. Lima Neto, A. W. B. Silva, et al. "Effects of dexamethasone on growth, viability and ultrastructure of bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro." Zygote 28, no. 6 (August 27, 2020): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199420000416.

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SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on development, viability, antrum formation and ultrastructural integrity of bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro for 18 days. Bovine ovaries were obtained from slaughterhouses and secondary follicles of ~150–200 µm diameter were isolated and cultured in the laboratory in TCM-199+ alone or supplemented with different concentrations of dexamethasone (1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/ml). Follicle viability was evaluated after the culture period, using calcein-AM (viable) and ethidium homodimer (nonviable). Follicle diameters and antrum formation were evaluated at days 0, 6, 12 and 18. Before or after in vitro culture, follicles were fixed for histological and ultrastructural analysis. Follicle diameters were evaluated using analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis test, while chi-squared test was used to evaluate the percentage of viable follicles and antrum formation (P < 0.05). Follicles cultured for 6 days with all treatments increased their diameters significantly, but there was no significant difference between treatments at the end of the culture period. In vitro cultured follicles showed antral cavity formation at the end of the culture period, but no influence of dexamethasone was seen. Ultrastructural analysis showed that follicles cultured with dexamethasone (1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/ml) had well preserved granulosa cells. However, oocytes from follicles cultured with 10, 100 or 1000 ng/ml dexamethasone showed signs of degeneration. It can be concluded that follicles cultured in vitro in the presence of dexamethasone demonstrated continuous in vitro growth, but oocytes from follicles cultured with 10, 100 or 1000 ng/ml dexamethasone had poor ultrastructure.

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MORGAVI, D., W. J. KELLY, P. H. JANSSEN, and G. T. ATTWOOD. "La (méta)génomique des microorganismes du rumen et ses applications à la production des ruminants." INRAE Productions Animales 26, no. 4 (August 18, 2013): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.4.3163.

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La viande et le lait produits par les ruminants sont d'importants produits agricoles qui représentent une source importante de protéines pour les humains. La production des ruminants a une valeur économique considérable et un impact sur la sécurité alimentaire de nombreuses régions du monde. Cependant, le secteur fait face à des défis majeurs en raison de la diminution des ressources naturelles et de la conséquente hausse des prix, mais également en raison de la prise de conscience grandissante de l'empreinte écologique laissée par les ruminants d'élevage. Une particularité des ruminants est la digestion prégastrique des aliments par les microbes du rumen. Une meilleure connaissance du microbiome du rumen et de ses fonctions aura pour conséquence une amélioration de l'efficacité de la digestion des aliments et une réduction de la production de méthane entérique, contribuant ainsi à relever les défis de la durabilité. Le progrès des technologies de séquençage d'ADN et de la bioinformatique accroît notre connaissance des écosystèmes microbiens complexes, y compris du tractus gastro-intestinal des mammifères. L'application de ces techniques à l'écosystème du rumen a permis d'étudier la diversité microbienne sous différentes conditions alimentaires et de production. Par ailleurs, le séquençage des génomes de différentes espèces bactériennes et d’archées isolées du rumen fournit des informations détaillées sur leur physiologie. La métagénomique, utilisée principalement pour comprendre les mécanismes enzymatiques impliqués dans la dégradation des polyosides structurels des végétaux, commence à offrir de nouvelles connaissances en permettant de contourner les limitations imposées par la culture des espèces microbiennes et ainsi de permettre l’accès à la totalité de la communauté. Ces approches permettent non seulement de caractériser la structure de la communauté microbienne du rumen, mais aussi d'établir un lien entre celle-ci et les fonctions du microbiome du rumen. Les premiers résultats obtenus grâce à ces technologies à haut débit ont également montré que le microbiome du rumen est bien plus complexe et diversifié que le caecum humain. Par conséquent, le catalogage de ses gènes exigera des efforts de séquençage et bioinformatiques considérables, mais constitue néanmoins un objectif réaliste. Un catalogue des gènes microbiens du rumen est nécessaire pour comprendre la fonction du microbiome et son interaction avec l'animal hôte et ses aliments. De plus, il fournira une base pour les modèles d'intégration microbiome-hôte et bénéficiera aux stratégies cherchant à diminuer l'action polluantes des ruminants et à les rendre plus robustes et rentables.

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Spedalieri, Cecilia, Clémence Sicard, Mercedes Perullini, Roberta Brayner, Thibaud Coradin, Jacques Livage, Sara A. Bilmes, and Matías Jobbágy. "Silica@proton-alginate microreactors: a versatile platform for cell encapsulation." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 16 (2015): 3189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb02020k.

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Chhetri, Til Kumari, Bijay Raj Subedee, and Bijaya Pant. "Isolation, Identification and Production of Encapsulated Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Study on their Viability." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v7i1.26950.

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Rhizobium, a nitrogen-fixing bacteria is the essential feature of leguminous plants which is essential for the regeneration of nutrient-deficient soil. This study was aimed to isolate, identify, mass culture and immobilize Bradyrhizoium japonicum in encapsulated form and test their viability. Root nodules were sterilized, grinded and cultured aseptically in YEMA media containing Congo red. The obtained colon was sub-cultured to get a pure culture and different biochemical tests were conducted which proved Bradyrhizobium japonicum as the slow-growing species. The test shows a positive result of catalase production and nodulation test whereas the pH tolerance test shows more tolerance to the acidic pH. Similarly, Bradyrhizaobium japonicum can tolerate 1% and 2% NaCl concentration and it doesn’t show resistance to the penicillin disc of 10mg. The mass culture and encapsulation with sodium alginate adding sucrose as nutrient proved the simplicity for handling. Altogether 548 beads were prepared from the 100ml of the cultured broths which were viable for more than 190 days at 1%, 2% and 3% sucrose concentration but less viable at 5% and 10% sucrose concentration under room temperature.

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Yamada, M., N. Kojima, A. Paranjpe, W. Att, H. Aita, A. Jewett, and T. Ogawa. "N-acetyl Cysteine (NAC)-assisted Detoxification of PMMA Resin." Journal of Dental Research 87, no. 4 (April 2008): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700417.

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Despite its proven cytotoxicity, poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin is one of the most frequently and extensively used materials in dental practice. This study hypothesized that an anti-oxidant amino acid, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), has the potential to detoxify this material. Ten percent of the rat dental pulp cells were viable when cultured on the PMMA resin for 24 hours, while over 70% of the cells were viable on the NAC-added resin. Nearly all suppressed alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralizing capability, and odontoblastic gene expression, such as dentin sialoprotein, on the untreated control resin was recovered by NAC in a concentration-dependent manner. A Ca/P ratio of 1.65 was found in the extracellular matrix of cultures on NAC-added resin, while that in the untreated resin culture was 0.70. The addition of NAC to PMMA resin significantly ameliorated its cytotoxicity to the dental pulp cells and restored their odontoblast-like cell phenotype to a biologically significant degree.

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McGregor, John R., Wolfram E. Samlowski, Shweta Tharkar, Sreekanth Donepudi, and Soldano Ferrone. "Isolation and expansion of circulating tumor cells (CTC) from melanoma patients using a novel cell culture technique." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 10614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.10614.

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10614 Background: Identification of rare (>2-5) circulating tumor cells (CTC) in 7.5 ml blood by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) correlates with a poor prognosis in colon, breast, prostate and lung cancer. Changes in CTC count during treatment also predict the eventual patient progression and survival in these cancers. Existing assays do not detect melanoma CTC, however. In addition, isolation of viable CTC remains problematic. To overcome these limitations we attempted to develop novel melanoma CTC assays, using IFA and cell culture approaches. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from patients and controls following informed consent. The buffy coat (white cells + tumor) was isolated by Ficoll/Hypaque centrifugation, and split into 6 replicate cultures in proprietary TrueCells medium. After 21 days in culture, tumor colonies were counted, and stained for melanoma and leukocyte markers. Buffy coat cells from parallel blood samples were stained with a panel of CSPG4-specific mAb (a pan-melanoma marker) on ultraclean glass slides for analysis by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: Blood samples were obtained from 16 melanoma patients, ages 28-87. Eight patients were men and 8 were women. CSPG4+ events (>2) were detected in 8/16 patients by IFA (range 0-52). In contrast, tumor cell colonies of >50 cells grew in 12 out of 16 patients with Stage 3 or 4 melanoma (range 0-1054), shown in Table. Cells isolated from CTC colonies produced melanin, stained for CSPG4 and other melanoma markers, but not for leukocyte markers. Control cultures grew no tumor colonies. Conclusions: Our pilot study shows that melanoma CTC can be identified by both IFA and cultured from blood in many patients with stage 3 or 4 melanoma. These CTC exhibited cytologic characteristics diagnostic of melanoma. The culture assay may represent a useful means of enumerating, isolating, and expanding viable melanoma CTC for further molecular study. [Table: see text]

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Digard, Jean-Pierre. "Qui, entre Orient et Occident, mange de la viande, quelle viande et pourquoi ?" Anthropology of the Middle East 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ame.2020.150203.

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Abstract: The consumption of meat depends first of all on religious prescripts: unlike Christianity, Judaism and Islam prohibit certain meats. Then comes the cultural status (distinct from the legal status) of animals: in Europe, the consumption of rabbits has declined due to his assimilation to a “pet”. After an increase in the post Second World War period, meat consumption has been declining in Europe since the 2000s; similarly, in North Africa and the Middle East, its consumption tends to be closer to that of Europe. These fluctuations owe more to changes in living modes and standards than to animalist activism.Résumé : La consommation carnée dépend d’abord de prescriptions religieuses : à la différence du christianisme, le judaïsme et l’islam interdisent certaines viandes. Vient ensuite le statut culturel (distinct du statut légal) des animaux : en Europe, la consommation du lapin a reculé du fait de son assimilation à un « animal de compagnie ». En Europe toujours, après une hausse après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la consommation carnée diminue depuis les années 2000 ; à l’inverse, en Afrique du Nord et au Moyen-Orient, elle tend à se rapprocher de celle de l’Europe. Ces fluctuations doivent davantage à l’évolution des genres et des niveaux de vie qu’au militantisme animaliste.

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SPLITTSTOESSER, D. F., P. V. NIELSEN, and J. J. CHUREY. "Detection of Viable Ascospores of Neosartorya." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 7 (July 1, 1993): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.7.599.

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Studies on 29 Neosartorya cultures showed that many ascospores, as enumerated in a haemocytometer, failed to produce colonies when cultured on agar media. Although the percent recoveries differed greatly between spore crops, germination and outgrowth of most were stimulated by heat activation in grape juice for 30–60 min at 70°C. Most probable number and CFU counts were usually similar which indicated that low recoveries were not due to an inadequate incubation period or to the production of self-inhibitory compounds. Low percent recoveries did not affect the D values obtained in heat-resistance trials.

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Birlouez, Éric. "La viande dans les cultures alimentaires : du désir au tabou." Médecine & Nutrition 48, no. 4 (2012): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mnut/201248406.

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Journal articles on the topic '"viande" de culture'

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