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Journal articles on the topic 'Veterinary endocrinology'
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1
Walker, Michael. "Veterinary endocrinology." In Practice 13, no. 3 (May 1991): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/inpract.13.3.101.
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Renton, J. P. "Veterinary endocrinology and reproduction." British Veterinary Journal 146, no. 2 (March 1990): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(90)90023-v.
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Yarrington, J. T. "Book Review: Veterinary Endocrinology and Reproduction." Veterinary Pathology 27, no. 5 (September 1990): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589002700516.
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Adam, Fiona. "Small animal endocrinology." Veterinary Record 171, no. 11 (September 14, 2012): 276.1–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.e6126.
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Peterson, Mark E. "Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2, no. 3 (July 1988): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1988.tb02815.x.
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Young, I. "Endocrinology of chronic endometritis in the dairy cow." Veterinary Record 120, no. 14 (April 4, 1987): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.120.14.350-a.
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MAVROGIANNI (Β.Σ. ΜΑΥΡΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ), V. S. "Ringwomb in ewes and does." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 54, no. 4 (December 19, 2017): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15341.
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In this paper, the literature on ringwomb in sheep and goats is reviewed. In the first part of the article, the endocrinology of normal parturition in small ruminants is reviewed and the literature on myometrial contractions and the stages of labour is briefly presented. Subsequently, factors that have been associated with this condition are mentioned and the pathogenesis of the disorder is discussed. The literature on the significance of ringwomb as a cause of dystocia is reviewed and methods for treatment of the disorder are presented.
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Mondes, Pedro Henrique de Lima, and Eduardo Koji Tamura. "Melatonina em Animais de Companhia: uma Revisão de Literatura." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 25, no. 5-esp (March 14, 2022): 671–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2021v25n5-espp671-681.
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A melatonina, N-acetil-5-metoxi-triptamina, é uma indolamina que possui diversas ações no organismo, desde regulação de ritmos circadianos, modulação do sistema imune, indutor do sono em determinas espécies e até eliminação de radicais livres. O objetivo desta revisão foi descrever o histórico, a síntese, os mecanismos de ação e os efeitos da melatonina, além de descrever trabalhos que utilizaram a melatonina em patologias associadas aos animais domésticos, em especial, nos cães e nos gatos. Esta revisão pode ser classificada como integrativa, com metodologia que consistiu em selecionar artigos das plataformas online como PubMed e Google Acadêmico, com a combinação de palavras-chave como “melatonin”, “dog”, “cat”, “circadian”, “rhythm”, “mammals”, desde que investigassem o envolvimento da indolamina na fisiopatologia de animais de companhia, ou que utilizassem a melatonina como método terapêutico no campo da Medicina Veterinária. Os artigos escolhidos dataram de 1958 até 2020. Os resultados demonstraram efeitos diversos, em várias áreas de especializações da veterinária, entre essas, oncologia, oftalmologia, anestesiologia, reprodução, endocrinologia, neurologia, dermatologia e gastroenterologia. Apesar dos resultados obtidos, a melatonina ainda é pouco estudada em trabalhos clínicos e científicos veterinários e, por isso, necessita de mais investigação, uma vez que possui potencial terapêutico em muitas das enfermidades que acometem animais de companhia. Palavras-chave: Glândula Pineal. Medicina Veterinária. Cães. Gatos. Abstract Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine, is an indolamine that has various effects in the organism, from regulation of circadian rhythms to immune system modulation, sleep induction in some species and to scavenger of free radicals. This review aimed to described the history, action mechanisms and melatonin effects, in addition to, also describe studies focusing in therapeutic use of melatonin in pathologies associated with companion animals, specially dogs and cats. This review can be classified as integrative, with a methodology consisting of selected articles from online platforms, PubMed and Google Scholar, using the combination of keywords such as “melatonin”, “dog”, “cat”, “circadian”, “rhythm”, “mammals”, since they investigate the indolamine involvement in the companion animals pathophysiology, or that use melatonin as a therapeutic method in the Veterinary Medicine field. The selected articles were from 1958 to 2020. The results demonstrated different effects in some veterinary specialization areas, including oncology, ophthalmology, anesthesiology, reproduction, endocrinology, neurology, dermatology and gastroenterology. Despite the results obtained, melatonin is still poorly studied in clinical and scientific veterinary and, therefore, needs further investigation, since it has therapeutic potential in many diseases that affect companion animals. Keywords: Pineal Gland. Veterinary Medicine. Dogs. Cats.
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Mondes, Pedro Henrique de Lima, and Eduardo Koji Tamura. "Melatonina em Animais de Companhia: uma Revisão de Literatura." Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 25, no. 5-esp. (March 14, 2022): 671–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2021v25n5-esp.p671-681.
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A melatonina, N-acetil-5-metoxi-triptamina, é uma indolamina que possui diversas ações no organismo, desde regulação de ritmos circadianos, modulação do sistema imune, indutor do sono em determinas espécies e até eliminação de radicais livres. O objetivo desta revisão foi descrever o histórico, a síntese, os mecanismos de ação e os efeitos da melatonina, além de descrever trabalhos que utilizaram a melatonina em patologias associadas aos animais domésticos, em especial, nos cães e nos gatos. Esta revisão pode ser classificada como integrativa, com metodologia que consistiu em selecionar artigos das plataformas online como PubMed e Google Acadêmico, com a combinação de palavras-chave como “melatonin”, “dog”, “cat”, “circadian”, “rhythm”, “mammals”, desde que investigassem o envolvimento da indolamina na fisiopatologia de animais de companhia, ou que utilizassem a melatonina como método terapêutico no campo da Medicina Veterinária. Os artigos escolhidos dataram de 1958 até 2020. Os resultados demonstraram efeitos diversos, em várias áreas de especializações da veterinária, entre essas, oncologia, oftalmologia, anestesiologia, reprodução, endocrinologia, neurologia, dermatologia e gastroenterologia. Apesar dos resultados obtidos, a melatonina ainda é pouco estudada em trabalhos clínicos e científicos veterinários e, por isso, necessita de mais investigação, uma vez que possui potencial terapêutico em muitas das enfermidades que acometem animais de companhia. Palavras-chave: Glândula Pineal. Medicina Veterinária. Cães. Gatos. Abstract Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine, is an indolamine that has various effects in the organism, from regulation of circadian rhythms to immune system modulation, sleep induction in some species and to scavenger of free radicals. This review aimed to described the history, action mechanisms and melatonin effects, in addition to, also describe studies focusing in therapeutic use of melatonin in pathologies associated with companion animals, specially dogs and cats. This review can be classified as integrative, with a methodology consisting of selected articles from online platforms, PubMed and Google Scholar, using the combination of keywords such as “melatonin”, “dog”, “cat”, “circadian”, “rhythm”, “mammals”, since they investigate the indolamine involvement in the companion animals pathophysiology, or that use melatonin as a therapeutic method in the Veterinary Medicine field. The selected articles were from 1958 to 2020. The results demonstrated different effects in some veterinary specialization areas, including oncology, ophthalmology, anesthesiology, reproduction, endocrinology, neurology, dermatology and gastroenterology. Despite the results obtained, melatonin is still poorly studied in clinical and scientific veterinary and, therefore, needs further investigation, since it has therapeutic potential in many diseases that affect companion animals. Keywords: Pineal Gland. Veterinary Medicine. Dogs. Cats.
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Hurst, Emma A., Natalie Z. Homer, and Richard J. Mellanby. "Vitamin D Metabolism and Profiling in Veterinary Species." Metabolites 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10090371.
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The demand for vitamin D analysis in veterinary species is increasing with the growing knowledge of the extra-skeletal role vitamin D plays in health and disease. The circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) metabolite is used to assess vitamin D status, and the benefits of analysing other metabolites in the complex vitamin D pathway are being discovered in humans. Profiling of the vitamin D pathway by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) facilitates simultaneous analysis of multiple metabolites in a single sample and over wide dynamic ranges, and this method is now considered the gold-standard for quantifying vitamin D metabolites. However, very few studies report using LC-MS/MS for the analysis of vitamin D metabolites in veterinary species. Given the complexity of the vitamin D pathway and the similarities in the roles of vitamin D in health and disease between humans and companion animals, there is a clear need to establish a comprehensive, reliable method for veterinary analysis that is comparable to that used in human clinical practice. In this review, we highlight the differences in vitamin D metabolism between veterinary species and the benefits of measuring vitamin D metabolites beyond 25(OH)D. Finally, we discuss the analytical challenges in profiling vitamin D in veterinary species with a focus on LC-MS/MS methods.
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Pepper, R., and H. Dobson. "Preliminary results of treatment and endocrinology of chronic endometritis in the dairy cow." Veterinary Record 120, no. 3 (January 17, 1987): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.120.3.53.
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Erdoğan, Güneş. "The gynecological controls in the elderly female dogs." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 3583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25807.
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In canine geriatric medicine has many different research areas such as cardiology, endocrinology, dentistry. However, diagnosing many related diseases and complications can be late related to thoughts that spayed dog's genital exams are thought of as unneeded approaches. Reproductive infections, mammary/gynecologic tumoural diseases, and their complications decrease their life quality and have a considerable mortality rate in aged intact and spayed bitches. Therefore, an effective gynecologic health check program supported with different imaging techniques is highly needed in small animal clinics. In this review, it is planned an annual gynecologic examination for older/geriatrics dogs and presented the main steps to early diagnose and prevent genital diseases with high mortality and lower their life quality and longevity.
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Erdoğan, Güneş. "The gynecological controls in the elderly female dogs." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 73, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 3583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25807.
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In canine geriatric medicine has many different research areas such as cardiology, endocrinology, dentistry. However, diagnosing many related diseases and complications can be late related to thoughts that spayed dog's genital exams are thought of as unneeded approaches. Reproductive infections, mammary/gynecologic tumoural diseases, and their complications decrease their life quality and have a considerable mortality rate in aged intact and spayed bitches. Therefore, an effective gynecologic health check program supported with different imaging techniques is highly needed in small animal clinics. In this review, it is planned an annual gynecologic examination for older/geriatrics dogs and presented the main steps to early diagnose and prevent genital diseases with high mortality and lower their life quality and longevity.
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Wiedmeyer, Charles E., Philip J. Johnson, Leah A. Cohn, Richard L. Meadows, Marie E. Kerl, Ronald K. Tessman, Jonathan Perlis, and Amy E. Declue. "Evaluation of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System for Use in Veterinary Medicine." Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 7, no. 6 (December 2005): 885–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dia.2005.7.885.
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Suva, Larry J., Alexis Cooper, Ashlee E. Watts, Frank H. Ebetino, Joanna Price, and Dana Gaddy. "Bisphosphonates in veterinary medicine: The new horizon for use." Bone 142 (January 2021): 115711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2020.115711.
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Kawaguchi, H., Y. Umekita, K. Fukuzaki, H. Maeda, H. Miyajima, R. Nagata, and H. Yoshida. "Expression of Androgen Receptor in Mammary Glands in Ovariectomized Cynomolgus Monkeys." Veterinary Pathology 46, no. 3 (January 27, 2009): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.08-vp-0134-k-am.
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This study investigated structural alterations and the immunohistochemical expression of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PgR) in the mammary glands from surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis). Fourteen animals were divided into 2 groups. Seven animals underwent an ovariectomy (OVX), and the other 7 animals underwent a sham operation (sham). The in-life phase of study was 78 weeks. Atrophy in the mammary glands of OVX monkeys was similar to early postmenopausal atrophy of the human breast. The proportion of AR-positive cells in the OVX group was significantly higher than in the sham group, but the proportion of ER and PgR-positive cells was significantly lower. These results suggest that use of a primate model for hormone receptor expression has potential applications in basic human endocrinology, particularly in research in hormone receptor expression in mammary glands (both normal and neoplastic).
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Peters, A. R. "Veterinary clinical application of GnRH—questions of efficacy." Animal Reproduction Science 88, no. 1-2 (August 2005): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.05.008.
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Nowakowska-Zamachowska, Monika, Magdalena Pieszka, Marek Pieszka, and Tadeusz Borowicz. "Zygmunt Ewy - a veterinarian, creator of polish animal physiology." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 72, no. 4 (2016): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5645.
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The present article is an attempt to summarize the biography and scientific achievements of outstanding Polish scientist, a veterinarian and cynologist, Professor Zygmunt Ewy (1913-1994). Professor Ewy was born and raised in Galicia, in a landowning family. From the beginning of his scientific work, the areas of his interests included the subject related the role of the nervous and endocrine systems in the lactation, the impact of endocrine system on reproductive functions in animals, as well as the study of hypothalamic-pituitary axis in birds. Professor showed the correlation between the iodine content in the water and its content in milk, and proved the existence of similar mechanism of iodine uptake in humans and animals. Professor Ewy was the author of over 150 scientific publications, several books and a member of numerous scientific societies. Thanks to its remarkable achievements. Professor Ewy became known as ‘the creator of the Polish school of animal endocrinology’.
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Franek, M., and K. Hruska. "Antibody based methods for environmental and food analysis: a review." Veterinární Medicína 50, No. 1 (March 27, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5591-vetmed.
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Antibodies have widely been used as analytical tools in various assays and techniques developed for clinical chemistry and endocrinology and for food and environmental research and risk control. Antibody development in the Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, and their application in ELISA and related techniques such as immunosensors has been directed especially to phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, s-triazine herbicides, sulfonylurea herbicides, polychlorinated biphenyls, surfactants (linear alkylbenzene sulphonates) and toxic metabolites (nonylphenol), and selected veterinary drugs (namely nitrofurans and sulfonamides). This paper provides an overview of progress achieved in the production of key immunoreagents in this laboratory (and in some cooperating laboratories)during the last 15 years. A comprehensive analysis of papers published on immunoassays and biosensors used in food and environmental research since 1980 demonstrates a rapid increase of publications on “ELISA and immunoassays” since 1991 (more than 500 papers were published each year since 1996). More than 200 papers on “biosensors” have been published each year since 2001. Atrazine was the most frequently found key word with ELISA and immunoassays: 438 papers were written by 971 authors from 308 institutions. The Web of Science® database is a useful tool for an assessment of the researcher’s and institution’s interest in the specific topics of research.
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Mang, Qi, Jilun Hou, Tian Han, Guixing Wang, Yufen Wang, Yufeng Liu, Yuqin Ren, Yaxian Zhao, Zhongwei He, and Xiaoyan Zhang. "The Effect of Infertility on the Liver Structure, Endocrinology, and Gene Network in Japanese Flounder." Animals 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040936.
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The liver can synthesize vitellogenin, the precursor of vitellin, which is needed for oocyte development and maturation. Here, we investigated the effects of infertility on liver structure, hormone regulation, and gene and protein networks in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Results showed that the liver of infertile fish had fewer vacuoles and significantly lower serum vitellogenin (VTG) level than in liver of fertile fish. Whole transcriptomics analysis between infertile and fertile groups identified 2076 significantly differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 431 DE lncRNAs, 265 DE circRNAs, and 53 DE miRNAs. Proteomics analysis identified 838 DE proteins. Integrated analysis of whole transcriptomics and proteomics revealed 60 significantly DE genes and proteins associated with metabolism, immunity, signal transduction, and steroid biosynthesis. Moreover, non-coding RNA (miRNAs, circRNA, and lncRNA) transcripts involved in metabolism, immunity, and signal transduction in infertile liver were identified. In conclusion, this study shows that gonadal infertility is associated with not only changes in histological structure and hormone secretion but also changes in metabolism, immunity, and signal transduction networks in the liver. These results provide valuable information concerning the mechanism underlying infertility in fish.
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Valdez-Miramontes, C. E., Jeny De Haro-Acosta, C. F. Aréchiga-Flores, L. Verdiguel-Fernández, and B. Rivas-Santiago. "Antimicrobial peptides in domestic animals and their applications in veterinary medicine." Peptides 142 (August 2021): 170576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170576.
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Mutayoba, BM, PD Eckersall, IA Jeffcoate, MJA Harvey, V. Cestnik, and PH Holmes. "Effects of castration on luteinizing hormone secretion and response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in sheep infected with Trypanosoma congolense." European Journal of Endocrinology 134, no. 1 (January 1996): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1340115.
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Mutayoba BM, Eckersall PD, Jeffcoate IA, Harvey MJA, Cestnik V. Holmes, PH. Effects of castration on luteinizing hormone secretion and response to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in sheep infected with Trypanosoma congolense, Eur J Endocrinol 1996:134:115–22. ISSN 0804–4643 The effects of trypanosomiasis on the endocrine function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis were investigated before and after castration of Scottish Blackface rams infected with Trypanosoma congolense and uninfected controls. Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 6 h before and at 10,20,40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min after injection of synthetic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH, 20 μg iv) 2 days before infection and 26 and 54 days after infection, with castration being performed 28 days after infection. Mean luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse amplitude was higher (3.3 ± 0.2 vs 2.6 ± 0.3 ng/ml) and mean plasma testosterone concentration was lower (4.1 ± 0.6 vs 7.6 ±1.2 nmol/l) in infected vs control rams 26 days after infection (p < 0.05). Mean plasma LH concentration and pulse amplitude increased in both groups after castration but both were significantly lower in infected compared to control rams (6.6 ±1.5 and 13.0 ± 2.2 ng/ml, p < 0.01; 7.7 ±0.9 and 11.6 ± 0.9 ng/ml, p < 0.001). respectively. However, LH responses to exogenous GnRH were similar in infected and control rams at each stage of the experiment, suggesting that the smaller increase in plasma LH after castration in infected rams was not caused by reduced responsiveness of the pituitary to GnRH but by alterations in GnRH secretion by the hypothalamus or its transport to the adenohypophysis. These results also demonstrate that impairment of testosterone secretion within 4 weeks of T. congolense infection in sheep may be due to testicular rather than pituitary effects. IA Jeffcoate, Department of Veterinary Physiology. University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH. UK
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Pöppl, Álan Gomes, Isadora Comparsi Coelho, Camila Alves da Silveira, Maurício Bianchini Moresco, and Guilherme Luiz Carvalho de Carvalho. "Frequency of Endocrinopathies and Characteristics of Affected Dogs and Cats in Southern Brazil (2004-2014)." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (March 19, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.81099.
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Background: The increase in the life expectancy of dogs and cats in recent decades has heightened the incidence of aging-associated diseases. Among such diseases, endocrinopathies, such as obesity, stand out. In addition, there exists a lack of professionals with expertise in this area. Therefore, proper knowledge of the characteristics of patients affected by endocrinopathies as well as the frequency of these diseases aid in the recognition of endocrine syndromes in the general population. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of medical charts of dogs and cats compiled by a Division of Endocrinology in southern Brazil during a 10-year period.Materials, Methods & Results: An epidemiological survey of the medical charts of 1,400 dogs and cats compiled by a Division of Endocrinology between 2004 and 2014 was performed. The diagnostic data based on laboratory and hormone tests and on ultrasound scans were used as gold standard. The data were tabulated using Excel for Windows for the stratified analysis of the diagnoses. The major diseases (93.4% of the cases) detected in dogs were hyperadrenocorticism (37%), diabetes mellitus (22%), hypothyroidism (11%), and overweight/obesity (8%), whereas the main diseases (6.6% of the cases) detected in cats were diabetes mellitus (42%) and hyperthyroidism (23%). Some rare and uncommon diseases were diagnosed, such as hypoparathyroidism, pheochromocytoma, pituitary dwarfism, and diabetes insipidus, but they were present in less than 1% of the patients. Multiple endocrinopathies accounted for 8% of the cases, and the most frequent association was that between diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism in dogs and cats. The mean age of dogs was 9.11 ± 3.43 years, and 69% of the patients were female. The mean age of cats was 10.97 ± 4.29 years, and 58% of the patients were male.Discussion: The high prevalence of endocrinopathies among female dogs is closely related to the higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hyperadrenocorticism in female patients, and these two diseases together accounted for 59% of the cases. Among cats, the high prevalence of endocrinopathies among male cats was influenced by the large number of cases of diabetes mellitus, a disease that is typically more prevalent among tomcats. Some findings were alarming as they indicate probable lack of early diagnoses of some conditions (e.g., the prevalence of dogs with hyperadrenocorticism and diabetes three times greater than that reported by other countries), absence of patients younger than 10 years with hyperthyroidism, or failure to seek veterinary care for obese cats with initial presentation of overweight. Raising the awareness of tutors about the consequences of overweight can drastically reduce the incidence of diabetes mellitus in cats. Finally, knowledge about the characteristics of patients with the most common types of endocrinopathies is useful to clinicians as it can increase the predictive values of clinical and laboratory findings and help them include certain endocrinopathies as differential diagnoses for patients with some risk factors (age or sex). Anyway, the endocrinopathies, as well as the characteristics of the affected population in southern Brazil, are in line with similar studies on the most frequent diseases in other regions, taking into account small differences in breed and age distribution.
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G. Quin, Darren. "Platypus and Echidnas." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 2 (1997): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970163.
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Platypus and Echidnas presents the proceedings of a conference held at the University of New South Wales in July 1991. Platypus and Echidnas incorporates an extensive information source obtained from studies undertaken since the first symposium on "Monotreme Biology" in 1978, while highlighting deficiencies in our knowledge, and subsequently suggests further avenues for research. The theme of evolution re-occurs throughout the publication and the studies demonstrate how patterns of mammalian phylogeny may be derived from various sources including palaeontology, gene mapping, DNA hybridization, reproductive physiology and endocrinology. Interest in this publication will extend to: (i) scholars of phylogeny and evolution especially part 1); (ii) comparative physiologist, physiological ecologists and anatomists (parts 1, 3, 4 and 5); (iii) ecologists and sacio-ecologists (parts 3, 5 and 6); (iv) natural historians; (v) keepers of captive wildlife colonies (parts 3 and 6); (vi) wildlife veterinary surgeons (part 6); and (vii) wildlife managers (especially part 6). The book deals primarily with the short-beaked echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus and the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus, for which most information is available.
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Boakari, Yatta Linhares, Erin Legacki, Maria Augusta Alonso, Ana Carolina Francisco dos Santos, Marcilio Nichi, Alan J. Conley, and Claudia Barbosa Fernandes. "Postnatal Dynamics of Circulating Steroid Hormones in Mule and Equine Neonates." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110598.
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It is necessary to study hormonal patterns from mules to recognize alterations and neonatal maladaptation. Our objective was to evaluate concentrations of hormones in mule (n = 6) and equine foals (n = 6). Blood was collected at T0, 1, 6 and 12 h after birth. Hormone concentrations were evaluated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Effects of time, group and interactions and regression analysis were evaluated (p < 0.05). There was a cubic and quadratic decline in mule and equine foals, respectively, for 3β,20α-dihydroxy-DHP. Mule foals were born with lower circulating 3β,20α-dihydroxy-DHP concentrations, which might be related to progestogen concentrations in mares with a hybrid placenta. Corticosterone and cortisol concentrations remained unchanged for the first hour post-foaling then declined in mule and equine foals (p < 0.0001). Dehydroepiandrosterone was the main androgen present. There was a decrease in dihydrotestosterone at 12 h (p = 0.002). Differences in the temporal patterns of secretion within each steroid class, pregnanes, corticoids, and androgens, suggest they were derived from different tissue sources, presumptively the placenta, adrenals and gonads of the fetus/neonate, respectively. Mule and horse foals were born without evidence of testosterone secretion. For the first time, steroid hormone levels were measured in neonatal mules, and this will provide insight into neonatal physiology that differs from equine and allow us to gain an understanding of mules that have rarely been studied. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of hybrid pregnancies in the steroid endocrinology of neonates.
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Essén-Gustavsson, B., M. Jensen-Waern, A. Lindholm, S. Valberg, and G. P. Carlson. "Curriculum vitae paper - Sune G.B. Persson (1931-2009)." Comparative Exercise Physiology 9, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2013): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep13x02.
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Sune Persson was born in Landskrona Sweden in 1931 and grew up on the west coast of Sweden. He graduated from the Royal Veterinary College in Stockholm in 1960 and in 1967 received his PhD entitled ‘On blood volume and working capacity in horses’. Sune pursued an academic career devoted to internal medicine and exercise physiology. He rapidly became Professor of Medicine in 1979 as the veterinary school moved from Stockholm to the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala.
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Prakash, B. S., M. Sarkar, Vijay Paul, D. P. Mishra, A. Mishra, and H. H. D. Meyer. "Postpartum endocrinology and prospects for fertility improvement in the lactating riverine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and yak (Poephagus grunniens L.)." Livestock Production Science 98, no. 1-2 (December 2005): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.10.014.
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Artois, M. "Managing problem wildlife in the ‘Old World’: a veterinary perspective." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9, no. 1 (1997): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r96090.
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This paper focuses on mammalian pest species mainly in Europe and Africa and on implications for animal health, human safety, wildlife management and animal welfare. Three examples of problem species are presented: the wild boar (Sus scrofa), the stray dog (Canis familiaris) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Several species are reservoirs or vectors of transmissible diseases of man and of economically valuable domestic species. The control of these and other infections and the limitation of the nuisance or damage caused by these pest species involves lethal or non-lethal methods which are briefly reviewed. Some control measures require veterinary expertise, and veterinary involvement in managing problem species is likely to increase. With regard to fertility control, methods are considered which will allow an appropriate choice of the best technique for the management of problem animals in various habitats. For desirable native species, traditional methods of control, especially hunting in the case of game species, is preferable to contraception. For exotic or feral species, control of fertility seems to be a worthwhile option.
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Poole, D. C., and W. L. Sexton. "Howard H. Erickson: contributions to equine exercise physiology and veterinary medicine." Comparative Exercise Physiology 12, no. 1 (March 11, 2016): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep160001.
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For over four and a half decades Howard Erickson has been at the forefront of scientific discovery. As a veterinary cardiovascular specialist with the United States Air Force he made fundamental progress to developing a working artificial heart. Subsequently as a retired US Air Force Colonel and Professor at Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine Erickson detected the immensely high pulmonary vascular pressures in the horse during exercise. These observations were essential to resolving the mechanistic bases for exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia and pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) that afflict all racehorses. Subsequently, Erickson pioneered the scientific proof-of-concept of the equine Nasal Strip™ which reduces lung damage and epistaxis, and constitutes the only effective non-pharmaceutical treatment for EIPH available today. We owe much of our understanding of equine cardiorespiratory physiology to this remarkable scientist.
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Pampori, Nisar A., and Bernard H. Shapiro. "Testicular regulation of sexual dimorphisms in the ultradian profiles of circulating growth hormone in the chicken." European Journal of Endocrinology 131, no. 3 (September 1994): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1310313.
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Pampori NA, Shapiro BH. Testicular regulation of sexual dimorphisms in the ultradian profiles of circulating growth hormone in the chicken. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:313–318. ISSN 0804–4643 Ultradian patterns in plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations were determined in adult white Leghorn roosters, hens and capons. Serial blood samples were collected every 15 min over 8 h through surgically placed chronic indwelling right atrial catheters and assayed for GH content by a homologous radioimmunoassay. In both sexes, GH levels fluctuated episodically, with peak and interpeak periods each lasting about 45 min in both roosters and hens. However, GH concentrations in the peaks and nadirs were 2.5–3.5 times greater in the plasma GH profiles of roosters as compared to hens, which resulted in roosters having higher mean GH concentrations. Caponizing completely feminized the episodic GH secretory profile. In contrast to chickens, the common sexually dimorphic feature in secretory GH profiles of mammals is the enhanced peak frequencing found in females. Bernard H Shapiro, Laboratories of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6048, USA
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Riege, Lisa, Peggy Haimerl, and Sebastian P. Arlt. "Improving decision‐making in complicated or rare cases—An approach towards Evidence‐based Veterinary Medicine in small animal reproduction." Reproduction in Domestic Animals 55, S2 (February 24, 2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rda.13622.
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Gröschl, Michael. "Current Status of Salivary Hormone Analysis." Clinical Chemistry 54, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 1759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.108910.
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Abstract Background: Saliva, which offers a noninvasive and stress-free alternative to plasma and serum, is a widely accepted sample source for analysis of steroids and also of certain amines and peptides. In recent years, numerous publications have described the use of salivary hormone analysis in many fields of clinical and basic research. Content: This review provides an overview of the current applications of salivary hormone analysis. A description of the different modes of hormone entry into saliva is followed by a detailed description of analytical methods and approaches for reliable collection of saliva, including several interesting applications in diverse fields including psychiatry, stress research, clinical endocrinology, sports medicine, and veterinary medicine. Summary: Although saliva has not yet become a mainstream sample source for hormone analysis, it has proven to be reliable and, in some cases, even superior to other body fluids. Nevertheless much effort will be required for this approach to receive acceptance over the long term, especially by clinicians. Such effort includes the development of specific and standardized analytical tools, the establishment of defined reference intervals, and implementation of round-robin trials. One major problem, the lack of compliance sometimes seen in outpatient saliva donors, requires strict standardization of both collection and analysis methods to achieve better comparability and assessment of published salivary hormone data.
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Grasso, Patricia, Matthew C. Leinung, Stacy P. Ingher, and Daniel W. Lee. "In VivoEffects of Leptin-Related Synthetic Peptides on Body Weight and Food Intake in Female ob/obMice: Localization of Leptin Activity to Domains Between Amino Acid Residues 106–140*." Endocrinology 138, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 1413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.138.4.5087.
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Abstract In C57BL/6J ob/ob mice, a single base mutation of the ob gene in codon 105 results in the replacement of arginine by a premature stop codon and production of a truncated inactive form of leptin. These observations suggest that leptin activity may be localized, at least in part, to domains distal to amino acid residue 104. To investigate this possibility, we synthesized six overlapping peptide amides corresponding to residues 106–167 of leptin, and examined their effects on body weight and food intake in female C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. When compared with vehicle-injected control mice, weight gain by mice receiving 28 daily 1-mg ip injections of LEP-(106–120), LEP-(116–130), or LEP-(126–140) was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced with no apparent toxicity. Weight gain by mice receiving LEP-(136–150), LEP-(146–160), or LEP-(156–167) was not significantly different from that of vehicle-injected control mice. The effects of LEP-(106–120), LEP-(116–130), or LEP-(126–140) were most pronounced during the first week of peptide treatment. Within 7 days, mice receiving these peptides lost 12.3%, 13.8%, and 9.8%, respectively, of their initial body weights. After 28 days, mice given vehicle alone, LEP-(136–150), LEP-(146–160), or LEP-(156–167) were 14.7%, 20.3%, 25.0%, and 24.8% heavier, respectively, than they were at the beginning of the study. Mice given LEP-(106–120) or LEP-(126–140) were only 1.8% and 4.2% heavier, respectively, whereas mice given LEP-(116–130) were 3.4% lighter. Food intake by mice receiving LEP-(106–120), LEP-(116–130), or LEP-(126–140), but not by mice receiving LEP-(136–150), LEP-(146–160), or LEP-(156–167), was reduced by 15%. The results of this study indicate 1) that leptin activity is localized, at least in part, in domains between residues 106–140; 2) that leptin-related peptides have in vivo effects similar to those of native leptin; and 3) offer hope for development of peptide analogs of leptin having potential application in human or veterinary medicine.
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Corradetti, B., A. Meucci, D. Bizzaro, F. Cremonesi, and A. Lange Consiglio. "Mesenchymal stem cells from amnion and amniotic fluid in the bovine." REPRODUCTION 145, no. 4 (April 2013): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-12-0437.
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Amnion and amniotic fluid (AF) are noncontroversial and inexhaustible sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can be harvested noninvasively at low cost. As in humans, also in veterinary field, presumptive stem cells derived from these tissues reveal as promising candidates for disease treatment, specifically for their plasticity, their reduced immunogenicity, and high anti-inflammatory potential. The aim of this work is to obtain and characterize, for the first time in bovine species, presumptive MSCs from the epithelial portion of the amnion (AECs) and from the AF (AF-MSCs) to be used for clinical applications. AECs display a polygonal morphology, whereas AF-MSCs exhibit a fibroblastic-like morphology only starting from the second passage, being heterogeneous during the primary culture. For both lines, the proliferative ability has been found constant over the ten passages studied and AECs show a statistically lower (P<0.05) doubling time with respect to AF-MSCs. AECs express MSC-specific markers (ITGB1(CD29),CD44,ALCAM(CD166),ENG(CD105), andNT5E(CD73)) from P1 to P3; in AF-MSCs, onlyITGB1,CD44, andALCAMmRNAs are detected;NT5Eis expressed from P2 andENGhas not been found at any passage. AF-MSCs and AECs are positive for the pluripotent markers (POU5F1(OCT4) andMYC(c-Myc)) and lack of the hematopoietic markers. When appropriately induced, both cell lines are capable of differentiating into ectodermal and mesodermal lineages. This study contributes to reinforce the emerging importance of these cells as ideal tools in veterinary medicine. A deeper evaluation of the immunological properties needs to be performed in order to better understand their role in cellular therapy.
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Aurich, Christine. "Preface for the Special Section “Veterinary research in animal reproduction – invited lectures of the first ECAR Symposium”." Animal Reproduction Science 207 (August 2019): 106106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.06.018.
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Nie, Ruixue, Xiaotong Zheng, Wenhui Zhang, Bo Zhang, Yao Ling, Hao Zhang, and Changxin Wu. "Morphological Characteristics and Transcriptome Landscapes of Chicken Follicles during Selective Development." Animals 12, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12060713.
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Ovarian follicle selection largely depends on the transition of granulosa cells from an undifferentiated to a fully differentiated state, which is accompanied by morphological and functional changes in follicles. The processes and transcriptional regulation of follicles during follicle selection are unclear; we thus used follicles from the prehierarchal to the hierarchal stage to investigate histology, reproductive endocrinology, and transcription. The morphology of follicles changed markedly during follicle selection. The numbers of large white, small yellow, and large yellow follicles (LWF, SYF, and LYF, respectively) were 11.83 ± 2.79, 6.83 ± 2.23, and 1.00, respectively, per ovary. LYF showed thicker granulosa cell layers than those of other prehierarchal follicles. Progesterone concentrations were significantly higher in LYF than that in LWF and SYF. In total, 16,823 genes were positively expressed in LWF, SYF, and LYF. Among follicle types, 1290 differentially expressed genes were enriched regarding cell differentiation, blood vessel morphogenesis, and response to steroid hormones. Candidate genes associated with follicle selection participated in the Wnt signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and the TGF-β signaling pathway. We produced insights into crucial morphological characteristics of transcriptional regulation in follicle development. Our results provide an important basis for revealing the mechanism of follicle selection and potential impact on the poultry industry.
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Wagner, David, Gisela Vaitaitis, Dan Waid, Craig Webb, and Tracy Webb. "LBSUN332 A Novel Drug To Modulate Auto-inflammation And Promote Glucose Control In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.611.
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Abstract Canine Diabetes (CD) is identical to human T1DM. Helper T cells expressing the CD40 receptor (TH40) are prominent in human T1DM. TH40 cell expansions occur regardless of HLA haplotype or auto-antibody status and remain elevated throughout disease. TH40 cells from T1DM respond to human islets, TH40 from healthy controls do not. At a Veterinary Hospital 6 female and 2 male dogs that met clinical criteria for T1DM were recruited. Physical exam, blood panels and CBC were done. Dogs were dosed with a OPT501 a drug targeting CD40 mediated inflammation by IV infusion. Doses were 2 and later 4 mg/kg, given on days 1, 4, 7, then weekly for 8 weeks. Diabetic dogs had significantly elevated TH40 numbers compared to non-diabetic dogs (p < 0. 0001). OPT501 reduced TH40 cell numbers to normal, following which insulin requirements reduced on average by 75% and up to 90%. The canine equivalent of HbA1c reduced 40.2% on average; 3 subjects were normal range. Daily blood glucose reduced significantly, 3 subjects maintained normal glucose levels. Time-in-range (TIR) increased to up to 90%, from a previous 10%. Increased c - peptide levels were universally detected after 8 weeks of treatment. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
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Fitko, Remigiusz, and Beata Szlezyngier. "Role of thyroid hormone in controlling the concentration of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptors in rat ovaries." European Journal of Endocrinology 130, no. 4 (April 1994): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1300378.
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Fitko R, Szlezyngier B. Role of thyroid hormone in controlling the concentration of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptors in rat ovaries. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:378-80. ISSN 0804–4643 Little is known about the mechanism by which thyroid hormones influence ovarian function, especially in gonadotropin receptor formation. In this study the concentration of Iuteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptors in the ovaries of hypo- and hyperthyroid rats was estimated. Rats were made experimentally hypothyroid by thyroidectomy (N = 10) and hyperthyroid by injections of 40 μg of l-thyroxine daily for 21 days (N = 14). After 3 weeks the ovaries were excised, weighed, immersed in liquid nitrogen and then, after 24 h of incubation with 125I-labeled hCG (CR-121), the concentration of receptors (cpm) for one ovary and 1 mg of tissue was counted in their respective homogenates. The ovaries of the hyperthyroid group were diminished in size and consequently the level of receptors per ovary also was reduced when compared with control animals. The number of receptors per ovary and per milligram of tissue of hypothyroid rats was three times higher than in the control. In hyperthyroid animals a significant decrease in these values was noted when compared with hypothyroid rats, especially in the calculation of receptor concentration per ovary. It may be concluded that thyroid function may affect the size of the gland and also the number of LH/hCG-binding sites in rat ovaries. These data may be useful for interpretation of the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome in women and animals. R Fitko, Department of Experimental Pathology, Centre for Agrotechnology and Veterinary Sciences, 10-718 Olsztyn, ul. Prawocheñskiego 5, Poland
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Dijkstra, Grietje, Dirk G. de Rooij, Frank H. de Jong, and Robert van den Hurk. "Effect of hypothyroidism on ovarian follicular development, granulosa cell proliferation and peripheral hormone levels in the prepubertal rat." European Journal of Endocrinology 134, no. 5 (May 1996): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1340649.
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Dijkstra G, de Rooij DG, de Jong FH, van den Hurk R. Effect of hypothyroidism on ovarian follicular development, granulosa cell proliferation and peripheral hormone levels in the prepubertal rat. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:649–54. ISSN 0804–4643 The aim of this study was to examine the effects of prepubertal hypothyroidism on ovarian development in rats. Therefore, from birth up to day 40 postpartum, rats were given 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) via the drinking water of mothers and pups. At ages ranging from 12 to 40 days, ovarian weights were measured and serum was collected to estimate thyrotrophin (TSH), folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin levels. Two hours before sacrifice the animals received an injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to estimate the proliferative activity of the follicular granulosa cells. Ovaries were fixed in Carnoy's fluid and follicle counts were performed on sections stained with anti-BrdU and with haematoxylin and eosin. The PTU treatment resulted in increased serum TSH levels, indicative of hypothyroidism, and markedly lower body and ovarian weights, whereas serum FSH and inhibin levels were hardly affected. At day 40, ovaries of PTU-treated animals contained relatively more secondary and less antral follicles, smaller non-atretic antral follicles and more atretic follicles when compared with untreated rats, while corpora lutea were absent. It is concluded that this disturbed folliculogenesis is due to inadequate thyroid hormone supply, which hampers the differentiation and not the proliferation of granulosa cells because diameters of antral follicles were significantly smaller whereas the BrdU-labelling index had not changed. Robert van den Hurk, Department of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 80.157, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Dvoretsky, Alexander G., Elena V. Tipisova, Aleksandra E. Elfimova, Viktoria A. Alikina, and Vladimir G. Dvoretsky. "Sex Hormones in Hemolymph of Red King Crabs from the Barents Sea." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072149.
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The presence of vertebrate-related steroid sex hormones has been reported in both freshwater and marine crustaceans. However, despite the commercial importance of king crabs, many aspects of their endocrinology are still unknown. For this reason, we examined hemolymph samples of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus from the Barents Sea population for the presence of testosterone and 17β-estradiol using radioimmunoassay. The mean testosterone concentration was 0.46 ± 0.04 (range 0.08–1.39) ng mL–1, whereas the mean 17β-estradiol concentration was 1248.9 ± 91.4 (range 217.7–4100.1) pg mL–1. In general, the levels of 17β-estradiol and testosterone in red king crabs were higher than reported for the hemolymph of amphipods, crabs, and shrimps from warm and temperate waters, probably because the king crabs analyzed were larger and heavier than the other crustaceans. The concentrations of sex steroids did not differ significantly between males and females and between immature and mature red king crabs. Seasonal variations in the level of testosterone with the maximum value in the spawning period (May) indicate a potential role of the sex hormones in the maturation and reproduction processes of red king crab. Taking into account the slow growth rate in P. camtschaticus, our data could be useful not only for further physiological studies but also for the development of reliable techniques for red king crab aquaculture.
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Hosseini, Farzaneh, Mohammad Hasan Mehraei Hamzekolaei, Abdol Karim Zamani Moghaddam, Hajar Arabha, and Seyyed Sattar Tohidifar. "Normal ultrasonographic images of reproductive organs of female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica): a laboratory animal model." Laboratory Animals 51, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677215625607.
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Certain special biological characteristics of Japanese quails ( Coturnix coturnix japonica) could enable quicker and less expensive laboratory experiments than similar studies using mice or chickens. Moreover, due to some physiological similarities with humans, quails have been recognized as an ideal laboratory model for experiments in some fields such as immunology, endocrinology, and reproductive biology. The aim of this study was to acquire normal ultrasonographic images of reproductive organs of female Japanese quails in order to facilitate laboratory experiments on reproductive biology and to determine a non-invasive in-life alternative to carcass analysis. Thirty female Japanese quails of different ages were used for ultrasound scanning of ovaries, follicles, ova, oviducts and eggs. In addition, five quails were euthanized for experiments using a direct standoff imaging technique. It was possible to identify different sizes of follicles ranging from small white follicles (0.14 cm) to large yellow follicles (2.57 cm), post-ovulatory follicles (POFs), ova at various stages of development, oviducts, and also eggs within the oviducts. These findings demonstrate that ultrasound scanning of female Japanese quail reproductive organs might be a beneficial diagnostic tool for applications such as studying reproductive physiology, anticipating the beginning or the end of the breeding season, detecting any pathological disorders easily, and identifying non-productive females which could lead to more cost-efficient laboratory procedures.
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Asem, Elikplimi K., Michael D. Conkright, and Ruben P. Novero. "Progesterone stimulates fibronectin production by chicken granulosa cells in vitro." European Journal of Endocrinology 130, no. 2 (February 1994): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1300159.
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Asem EK, Conkright MD, Novero RP. Progesterone stimulates fibronectin production by chicken granulosa cells in vitro. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:159–65. ISSN 0804–4643 Experiments were conducted in vitro to examine the effect of progesterone on fibronectin production by chicken ovarian granulosa cells. Granulosa cells isolated from the largest (F1: mature) and third-largest (F3: developing) preovulatory follicles as well as from a pool of immature small yellow follicles (SYF) of the domestic chicken ovary were incubated in serum-free Medium-199 and the amounts of fibronectin and progesterone produced were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The amounts of basal fibronectin and progesterone produced by granulosa cells from F1, F3 and SYF follicles increased with advancing stages of follicular development. Thus, the quantity of basal fibronectin secreted by granulosa cells was directly proportional to the amount of progesterone produced by them. Exogenously supplied progesterone increased the amount of fibronectin secreted by F1 and F3 cells in a dose-dependent manner, but its effect on SYF cells was marginal. Cyanoketone (an inhibitor of progesterone synthesis) suppressed basal fibronectin production by F1 and F3 granulosa cells and its inhibitory action was reversed by exogenous progesterone. The progesterone antagonist RU 486 also attenuated basal fibronectin production by F1 and F3 granulosa cells, but only the highest concentration affected SYF cells. The inhibitory effect of RU 486 was diminished in the presence of exogenous progesterone. These data show that progesterone regulates fibronectin production by chicken granulosa cells. They suggest that in avian granulosa cells, endogenous progesterone can stimulate fibronectin synthesis in an intracrine or autocrine manner. EK Asem, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 1246 Lynn Hall, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1246. USA
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van Wijk, Petra A., Ad Rijnberk, Ronald JM Croughs, Jeannette Wolfswinkel, Paulus J. Selman, and Jan A. Mol. "Responsiveness to corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin in canine Cushing's syndrome." European Journal of Endocrinology 130, no. 4 (April 1994): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1300410.
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Van Wijk PA, Rijnberk A, Croughs RJM, Wolfswinkel J, Selman PJ, Mol JA. Responsiveness to corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin in canine Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:410–16. ISSN 0804–4643 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin are the most important hypothalamic factors regulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. In this study we have investigated the responsiveness of the pituitary–adrenocortical axis to intravenous administration of CRH or lysine vasopressin (LVP) in 16 control dogs, 22 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism and five dogs with hyperadrenocorticism due to an adrenocortical tumor, using doses of CRH and LVP that caused equivalent ACTH responses in the control dogs. After CRH administration, the increment in plasma ACTH was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (221 ± 53 ng/l) than that in control dogs (279 ± ng/l). In the dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, the relative increases in ACTH after CRH were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those after LVP. Despite the absence of an increase in ACTH following LVP administration in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism due to an adrenocortical tumor, there was a significant increase in plasma cortisol, the increment (790 ±238 nmol/l) being not statistically different from that in the control dogs (412 ± 37 nmol/l). We conclude that in spite of the changes inherent to pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, i.e. neoplastic transformation of corticotropic cells and hypercortisolism, there is persistence of responsiveness to hypophysiotropic hormones. The ACTH secretion by corticotropic cells in pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism was relatively less sensitive to stimulation with CRH than with LVP. Adrenocortical tumors develop an aberrant sensitivity to LVP. A Rijnberk, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.154, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ogawa, Kenji, Kenichiro Ono, Masamichi Kurohmaru, and Yoshihiro Hayashi. "Effect of streptozotocin injection on expression of immunoreactive foilistatin and βA and βB subunits of inhibin/activin in rat pancreatic islets." European Journal of Endocrinology 132, no. 3 (March 1995): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1320363.
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Ogawa K, Ono K, Kurohmaru M, Hayashi Y. Effect of streptozotocin injection on expression of immunoreactive follistatin and βA and βB subunits of inhibin/activin in rat pancreatic islets. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:363–9. ISSN 0804–4643 The effect of streptozotocin (STZ) on expression of immunoreactive follistatin and β-subunits of inhibin/activin in pancreatic islets was studied by immunohistochemistry. To localize immunoreactive follistatin in pancreatic islets, two different anti-follistatin sera were used. Anti-follistatin(300–315) serum detects only long-form follistatin, while anti-follistatin(123–134) serum detects both long- and C-terminal truncated short-form follistatin in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Although an intense reaction with anti-follistatin(123–134) was found in pancreatic B cells, a reaction with anti-follistatin(300–315) was not present in any type of cells. This result suggests that only short-form follistatin is expressed in pancreatic islets. It was confirmed that immunoreaction with anti-βA(1–10)-Tyr serum was found in pancreatic B cells. The anti-βB(1–10)-Tyr reaction was intense in A cells but weak in B cells. These findings suggest that the expression pattern of each β-subunit differs in each type of islet cells. At 2 weeks after STZ injection (65 mg/kg), insulin immunoreaction still remained in B cells, although most pancreatic B cells were destroyed. In contrast, immunoreactions of follistatin and β-subunits in B cells disappeared 24 h after STZ treatment. These results indicate that STZ affects the production of follistatin or β-subunits of inhibin/activin in pancreatic B cells rather than insulin secretion. Kenji Ogawa, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
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Rhimi, Soufien, Aicha Kriaa, Vincent Mariaule, Amel Saidi, Amandine Drut, Amin Jablaoui, Nizar Akermi, Emmanuelle Maguin, Juan Hernandez, and Moez Rhimi. "The Nexus of Diet, Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Dogs." Metabolites 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121176.
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Canine inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are of increasing interest in veterinary medicine. They refer to complex and debilitating conditions of dogs’ gastrointestinal tract. Although little evidence for causal inferences is currently available, it is believed that IBD pathophysiology entails intricate interactions between environmental factors, the intestinal immune system, and the microbial communities that colonize the gut. To better understand the mechanisms underlying these disorders, leveraging factors associated with the development of these diseases is imperative. Of these factors, emerging evidence supports the role of dietary patterns as key players influencing the composition and function of gut microbes, with subsequent effects on health and disease. In this review, we particularly focus on addressing IBD in dogs and discuss how specific nutrients may elicit or relieve gut inflammation. Gaining mechanistic insights into such interplay and the underpinning mechanisms is key to inferring dietary recommendations, and setting up new and promising therapeutics.
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Bazer, Fuller W. "Contributions of an animal scientist to understanding the biology of the uterus and pregnancy." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd12266.
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I developed a passion for reproductive biology when taking a course in Physiology of Reproduction at Louisiana State University while preparing to apply for Veterinary School at Texas A&M University. My career path changed. I entered graduate school, obtained a Ph.D. and have enjoyed an academic career conducting research in uterine biology and pregnancy in animal science departments at the University of Florida and at Texas A&M University. My contributions to science include: (1) identification of molecules secreted by or transported by uterine epithelia into the uterine lumen that are critical to successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, (2) discovery of steroids and proteins required for pregnancy-recognition signalling and their mechanisms of action in pigs and ruminants, (3) patterns of fetal–placental development and placental transport of nutrients, (4) identification of links between nutrients and components of histotroph that affect fetal–placental development, (5) characterising aspects of the endocrinology of pregnancy and (6) contributing to efforts to exploit the therapeutic value of interferon tau, particularly for treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Current research focuses on select nutrients in the uterine lumen, specifically amino acids, glucose and fructose, that affect conceptus development, the therapeutic potential for interferon tau, stromal–epithelial cell signalling whereby progesterone and oestrogen act via steroid receptors in uterine stromal cells to stimulate secretion of growth factors (e.g. fibroblast growth factors and hepatocyte growth factor) that regulate uterine epithelial cells and conceptus trophectoderm, and roles of toll-like receptors expressed by uterine epithelia and conceptus trophectoderm in pregnancy.
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Tuyttens, F. A. M., and D. W. Macdonald. "Fertility Control: An Option for Non-Lethal Control of Wild Carnivores?" Animal Welfare 7, no. 4 (November 1998): 339–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600020911.
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AbstractThree types of fertility control, surgical sterilization, hormonal chemosterilization, and immunosterilization, are reviewed with regard to their potential for controlling problematic populations of carnivores. The fertility control agent and delivery protocol of choice may vary considerably according to: (i) the reason for control; (ii) the degree, urgency and duration of population reduction required; (iii) concerns about ethics and public opinion; and (iv) the status, population dynamics, social structure, mating system, size, behaviour and reproductive endocrinology of the target animals. Although they are often perceived and advocated as more preferable methods of population control than lethal approaches, it is important that wildlife managers as well as members of the public realize that the ethical acceptability of the various fertility control techniques may differ considerably - and that numerous questions regarding their effectiveness, humaneness and ecological safety remain unanswered.
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Ehmcke, Jens, and Stefan Schlatt. "Animal models for fertility preservation in the male." REPRODUCTION 136, no. 6 (December 2008): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-08-0093.
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Fertility preservation in the male is routinely focused on sperm. In clinical and veterinary settings, cryopreservation of sperm is a widely used tool. However, the goals for male fertility preservation differ between experimental models, maintenance of livestock, conservation of rare species, and fertility protection in men. Therefore very different approaches exist, which are adapted to the specialized needs for each discipline. Novel tools for male fertility preservation are explored targeting immature germ cells in embryonic or immature testes. Many options might be developed to combine germline preservation and generation of sperm ex vivo leading to interesting new perspectives. This review highlights current and future options for male fertility preservation with a special focus on animal models and a consideration of the various disciplines in need of novel tools.
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Choe, Y. H., H. J. Lee, S. L. Lee, J. H. Lee, B. W. Park, and G. J. Rho. "191 Canine Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Agents in Spinal Cord Injured Dog." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 1 (2018): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv30n1ab191.
Full textAbstract:
In the recent era of veterinary research, stem cells have gained special attention due to their efficiency and use in clinical applications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been extensively studied over decades, and their prospect for clinical application is recognised in human medicine. Despite numerous reports in veterinary clinical trials of stem cells, few studies have been presented regarding the in vitro characterisation of canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSC). Therefore, their efficacy as therapeutic agents in vitro has not been much elucidated. Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAMSC) were characterised as per International Society for Cellular Therapy guidelines. Culturing cells showed spindle-like morphology and high proliferation rate. They displayed positive expression of mesenchymal markers CD44, CD90, and CD105, and lacked expression of CD34 and CD45. They were also positive for expression of pluripotency-related transcription factors (Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox2) and showed differentiation potential towards mesodermal lineages. The cAMSC were further analysed for the neuronal trans-differentiation potential. Under appropriate differentiation conditions, cAMSC displayed distinctive dendritic morphology along with axon projections. Neuronal specific genes including Nestin, β-tubulin, neurofilament protein (NF-M, NF-H), and nerve growth factor (NGF) were also positively expressed. Nevertheless, functional analysis of neuronal differentiated cAMSC displayed voltage dependence and kinetics for transient K+ and Na+ currents (Ito). Both K+ and Na+ currents were recorded in differentiated MSC by voltage steps (between −120 and +60 mV for K+ currents, −40 and +50 mV for Na+ currents), whereas control undifferentiated MSC lacked the currents. Taken together, we concluded that the cAMSC have potential to differentiate into neuron-like cells. Based on these findings, we transplanted cAMSC into the spinal cord injured dogs to evaluate their clinical efficiency under approved medical guidelines set by Gyeongsang National University Animal Medical Center (Korea). Neurological examination showed that the injured dog had undergone hind limb paralysis and lost deep pain sensation due to an L2 spinal cord lesion, as detected by CT and MRI. The dog was diagnosed with traumatic L2 intradural spinal cord contusion, and decompression surgery was performed, but deep pain sensation did not recover. Therefore, each cAMSC (diluted in 0.5 mL of saline) was transplanted into spinal cord segment (L2~L3) 5 times at 1-week intervals. The dog showed mild recovery of deep pain sensation by neurological examinations and exhibited gradual improvement in hind limb function. Finally, we concluded that transplantation of cAMSC has a beneficial therapeutic effect on spinal cord injury. This study also provides a significant advantage in understanding the potential of MSC-based products in veterinary clinical applications.
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Borgmans, G., R. Palme, A. Sannen, H. Vervaecke, and R. Van Damme. "The effect of cage size on stress levels in captive green anole (Anolis carolinensis)." Animal Welfare 28, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.28.4.455.
Full textAbstract:
Reptiles are often used as model species in scientific research and are popular in the pet trade, yet how they cope with captive conditions has not been well studied. Stress caused by captivity could affect the endocrinology, physiology and behaviour of animals, resulting in a general decrease in welfare and could confound the results of scientific experiments. One of the factors that could influence stress in a captive environment is the size of the cage. However, the effect of cage size on stress has rarely been investigated in reptiles. In this study, the effect of cage size on the behaviour, morphology and physiology of the green anole (Anolis carolinensis) was quantified. We were unable to find an effect of cage dimensions (range 0.05 to 0.2 m3) on body mass, tail-base width, heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (H/L ratios), behaviour and faecal corticosterone metabolite (FCM) levels.