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Journal articles on the topic 'Veteran spouses'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Klarić, M., T. Frančiković, B. Klarić, M. Kreić, and B. Petrov. "Cost of Caring and Burnout in Partnership Relations of Chronic PTSD-veterans’ Spouses." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71486-5.

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Context:PTSD-veterans’ spouses often become indirect victims of their partner’s dysfunction, confronting many stressors including relationship crisis, rearrangement of family roles, social isolation and adjustment to clinical course of disease.Objective:Compare levels of caretaker burden and burnout in partnership relations of PTSD and non-PTSD veterans’ spouses, particularly in situation where the spouses have PTSD themselves.Methods:Test group consisted of 154 veterans who are undergoing treatment for war psychotraumatisation caused PTSD at the Clinical hospital Mostar, and their spouses. Control group consisted of 77 war veterans without PTSD, and their spouses. The General demographic questionnaire, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), the Experience of Subjective and Objective Burden and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used in research.Results:PTSP-veterans’ spouses had significantly higher results on al subscales of the caretaker burden questionnaire and partnership relations burnout questionnaire. When both partners have PTSD, the burden of subjective demands and subjective stress, and burnout in partnership are significantly higher in comparison with the couples where only the veteran has PTSD or when partners don't have PTSD. The difference wasn't found in the objective burden when both partners have PTSD in comparison with the case when only the veteran has PTSD.Conclusion:PTSD-veterans’ spouses in comparison with the non-PTSD veterans’ spouses are exposed to more objective burden of life, burden of partner's subjective demands and subjective perception of stress overburden, and their burnout is also higher. The burden of subjective demands, subjective stress and burnout are even more prominent when the spouse has PTSD.

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Edmonds, Stephanie W., Laurie C. Zephyrin, Alicia Christy, and Ginny L. Ryan. "Infertility Services for Veterans: Policies, Challenges, and Opportunities." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 37, no. 01 (January 2019): 012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692127.

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AbstractInfertility prevalence and care needs among male and female Veterans are understudied topics. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical benefits package covers full infertility evaluation and many infertility treatments for Veterans but not, by law, for their spouses. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is also specifically excluded from this medical benefits package by regulation. Congress passed a law in 2016 that allowed VHA to provide IVF to Veterans and their legal spouses, and broader infertility benefits to the legal spouse, if the Veteran has a service-connected condition associated with his or her infertility, with some limitations. As the Veteran population becomes increasingly female, research efforts in reproductive health, including infertility, are expanding and evolving. This includes a nationwide study currently underway examining infertility among male and female Veterans and associations with military-related trauma, such as injury, posttraumatic stress disorder, military sexual trauma, and toxin exposure. In this review, we describe the state of the science and policy on infertility care in the VHA along with challenges and opportunities that exist within the VHA system.

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King, Brittany M., Dawn Carr, and Miles G. Taylor. "LONELINESS FOLLOWING WIDOWHOOD: THE ROLE OF THE MILITARY AND SOCIAL SUPPORT." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S565—S566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2090.

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Abstract Social support provides important benefits following widowhood. One context promoting social support throughout life may be the military, where benefits extend to both service members and their spouses. A substantial proportion of older men served in the military, so many widowed women today were married to veterans. We tested two hypotheses: 1) surviving military spouses will experience lower persistent loneliness following widowhood compared to their nonmilitary counterparts, and 2) this benefit is explained by increased emotional and structural social support. Our study uses the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to examine changes in loneliness following widowhood among spouses of veterans and nonveterans. We used OLS regression and mediation tests to address our hypotheses. Overall, results supported our hypotheses. Widows of veterans reported lower levels of loneliness following widowhood compared to nonveteran widows (=-0.122; p<0.05). Emotional and structural social support mediated the relationship between veteran status of the deceased spouse and loneliness. Specifically, the beneficial effect of veteran status was reduced by almost 50% and became nonsignificant. Our findings suggest the military may facilitate lifelong cultivation of social support that flows not only to veterans but also to their families. These findings are suggest that the military may offer important opportunities to cultivate emotional and structural social supports that enhance the ability of veteran wives to more readily adjust to widowhood. Additionally, they emphasize the importance of having social support in later life when faced with adversity, as it seems to ameliorate some of the negative effects.

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Palm, David, Rashmi Lamsal, Valerie Pacino, and Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway. "A Comparison of Mental Health and Substance Use Risk Factors between Veteran and Non-Veteran Connected Families in Nebraska, 2016 and 2019." Journal of Health Care and Research 3, no. 1 (September 3, 2022): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2022/hcr.6210.

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Background: Many studies have found that Veterans and their family members have experienced more mental health disorders and substance use. The purpose of this study compared mental health and substance use risk indicators between U.S. military Veteran and non-Veteran- connected families, so earlier and more targeted interventions can be developed. Methods: The data for this study were based on the 2016 and 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey in Nebraska. The comparisons between Veterans and non-Veteran connected families were made on a set of 9 indicators, including general health status (fair/poor), poor mental health defined as not good on 14 or more of the past 30 days (yes/no), ever told they had depression (yes/no), current cigarette smoker (yes/no), current smokeless tobacco use (yes/no), current e-cigarette use (yes/ no), any tobacco use (yes/no), any alcohol consumption in the past 30 days (yes/no), and binge drank in the past 30 days (yes/no). A Chi-Square test was used to determine significant differences between the indicators. Results: When comparisons were made between Veterans and non-Veterans, some significant differences were found in both 2016 and 2019. For example, in 2016, non-Veterans were more likely to have poor mental health, ever told they had depression, be a current smoker, and engage in binge alcohol drinking. Significant differences were also found between non-Veterans and the spouses and significant others of Veterans for selective risk factors in 2016 and 2019. For example, in both years, spouses and significant others of Veterans were considerably more likely to have greater mental health distress and depression. However, they were less likely to use alcohol or engage in binge drinking. Conclusion: These results indicate that spouses and significant others of Veterans are more likely to suffer from depression and other mental health conditions than Veterans themselves and the non-Veteran population. Organizations serving military families should develop a greater knowledge and understanding of the culture of military families to implement strategies that effectively support Veteran spouses and partners.

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5

Armour, Cherie, Eric Spikol, Emily McGlinchey, Rachael Gribble, Nicola T. Fear, and Dominic Murphy. "Identifying psychological outcomes in families of Five Eyes alliance armed forces Veterans: A systematic review." Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0025.

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LAY SUMMARY Military service can affect the psychological health and well-being of ex-service members and their families. Most research prioritizes active duty families or Veterans, with spouses/intimate partners and adult children of Veterans often overlooked. This study reviewed all previous research on the psychological health of Veteran families within the Five Eyes alliance countries of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It found spouses/intimate partners had higher rates of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to national rates and were more likely to feel distress when their Veteran partner had mental health issues. Adult children were at higher risk for anxiety, depression, alcohol/substance misuse, and PTSD compared to national rates. Four themes identified were: personal feelings and internal emotions, Veteran-oriented, help and support, and acting as a unit. Due to the scarce available research, further studies are needed to address psychological outcomes among military Veteran families.

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Eichler, Maya. "Making military and Veteran women (in)visible: The continuity of gendered experiences in military-to-civilian transition." Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health 8, s1 (April 1, 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0077.

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LAY SUMMARY This study explores how gender and sex shape the military-to-civilian transition (MCT) for women. Thirty-three Canadian women Veterans were interviewed about their military service and post-military life. MCT research often emphasizes discontinuities between military and civilian life, but women Veterans’ accounts highlight continuities in gendered experiences. Military women are expected to fit the male norm and masculine ideal of the military member during service, but they are rarely recognized as Veterans after service. Women experience invisibility as military members and Veterans and simultaneously hypervisibility as (ex)military women who do not fit military or civilian gender norms. Gendered expectations of women as spouses and mothers exert an undue burden on them as serving members and as Veterans undergoing MCT. Women encounter care and support systems set up on the normative assumption of the military and Veteran man supported by a female spouse. The study findings point to a needed redesign of military and Veteran systems to remove sex and gender biases and better respond to the sex- and gender-specific MCT needs of women.

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Forchuk, Callista A., Anthony Nazarov, Rachel A. Plouffe, Jenny J. W. Liu, Erisa Deda, Tri Le, Dominic Gargala, et al. "Well-being of Canadian Armed Forces Veterans and Spouses of Veterans During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Prospective Longitudinal Survey." JMIR Research Protocols 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): e34984. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/34984.

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes to everyday life, including social distancing mandates, changes to health care, and a heightened risk of infection. Previous research has shown that Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) veterans are at higher risk of developing mental and physical health conditions. Veterans and their families may face unique social challenges that can compound with pandemic-related disruptions to negatively impact well-being. Objective This study aims to longitudinally characterize the mental health of CAF veterans and spouses of CAF veterans throughout the pandemic and to understand the dynamic influences of pandemic-related stressors on psychological health over time. Methods We employed a prospective longitudinal panel design using an online data collection platform. Study participation was open to all CAF veterans and spouses of CAF veterans residing in Canada. Participants were asked to complete a comprehensive battery of assessments representing psychological well-being, chronic pain, health care access patterns, physical environment, employment, social integration, and adjustment to pandemic-related lifestyle changes. Follow-up assessments were conducted every 3 months over an 18-month period. This study was approved by the Western University Health Sciences and Lawson Health Research Institute Research Ethics Boards. Results Baseline data were collected between July 2020 and February 2021. There were 3 population segments that participated in the study: 1047 veterans, 366 spouses of veterans, and 125 veterans who are also spouses of veterans completed baseline data collection. As of November 2021, data collection is ongoing, with participants completing the 9- or 12-month follow-up surveys depending on their date of self-enrollment. Data collection across all time points will be complete in September 2022. Conclusions This longitudinal survey is unique in its comprehensive assessment of domains relevant to veterans and spouses of veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic, ranging from occupational, demographic, social, mental, and physical domains, to perceptions and experiences with health care treatments and access. The results of this study will be used to inform policy for veteran and veteran family support, and to best prepare for similar emergencies should they occur in the future. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/34984

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8

Schnittker, Jason. "Health Spillovers among Military Spouses: Evidence from Active Duty, Veteran, and Surviving Spouses." Journal of Veterans Studies 4, no. 2 (April 16, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/jvs.v4i2.83.

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9

Borah, Elisa, and Brooke Fina. "Military spouses speak up: A qualitative study of military and Veteran spouses’ perspectives." Journal of Family Social Work 20, no. 2 (March 7, 2017): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2017.1284702.

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Klich, Urszula. "Clinical Use of Self-Compassion Within Mindfulness-Based Biofeedback in the Treatment of Veterans and Spouses: A Case Study." Biofeedback 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-44.3.08.

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Treatment of veterans necessitates the understanding of the cultural framework within which they operate. A clinical approach that is centered on teaching self-regulation while modeling self-compassion can assist veterans to assimilate into the civilian world. Compassion, recently emerging as a critical variable in the therapeutic benefit of mindfulness-based techniques, can be combined with biofeedback in order to maximize the advantageous psychological and physical changes that are seen with both. This article will present treatment considerations in a case in which compassion-based strategies within mindfulness-based biofeedback treatment were used with a veteran and his spouse.

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11

Mendoza, Marilyn A., and Manuel S. Silverman. "Penile prosthetics: Characteristics of veteran patients and their spouses." Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 13, no. 3 (September 1987): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00926238708403891.

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12

Williamson, Victoria, N. Greenberg, and D. Murphy. "Impact of moral injury on the lives of UK military veterans: a pilot study." BMJ Military Health 166, no. 5 (June 21, 2019): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2019-001243.

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IntroductionResearch suggests that moral injury (MI) in US veterans is associated with poor psychological outcomes and disruption in functioning. However, little is known about how MI may impact UK Armed Forces (AF) veterans. This study aimed to explore the impact of MI on veteran psychological well-being and functioning.MethodsSix veterans identified as having had exposure to MI and four clinicians who treated veterans with MI were recruited from a UK charitable organisation which provides psychological care for veterans. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsMI was perceived to cause substantial psychological distress in this sample. Our data suggest that some veterans held extremely negative self-appraisals which appeared to contribute towards and maintain their distress. Issues relating to spirituality following MI were thought to be infrequent; however, a loss of faith was perceived by clinicians to be more common in morally injured veterans than heightened spiritual/religious views. Several difficulties relating to employment were described, including increased trouble coping with occupational stress and authority figures. Interpersonal difficulties were frequently reported, with withdrawal from others often leading to relationship breakdown with spouses and children.ConclusionThis study provides some of the first evidence of the impact of MI on UK AF veterans’ psychological, spiritual, social and day-to-day functioning all of which would pose challenges to clinicians aiming to manage such difficulties. These findings highlight several gaps in existing care provision for morally injured veterans, including addressing issues related to spirituality, employment and family functioning, which could ultimately improve veteran well-being.

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Trivedi, Ranak, Victoria Ngo, Trevor Lee, Marika Humber, Rashmi Risbud, Shreya Desai, Josephine Jacobs, and Dolores Gallagher-Thompson. "UNMET NEEDS AND PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO ACCESSING HCBS AMONG CAREGIVERS OF VETERANS OF ALL ERAS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.171.

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Abstract VA has several HCBS to offset caregiver burden, facilitate caregiving, and enhance Veterans’ home-based care, but they remain underutilized. We aimed to describe: the unmet psychosocial and HCBS needs of caregivers, barriers to accessing services, and gaps in available programs. Twenty-three caregivers participated in a 1-hr semi-structured interview (62.9□13.5y; 74.0% women; 47.8% White; 17.4% Hispanic; 65.2% spouses). Caregivers provided 7.3 hrs of daily care (SD=5.5 hrs, Range=1-24); most had provided care for 1+ year. Barriers to accessing HCBS included: a) disagreement with Veterans regarding service preferences and needs; b) lack of awareness of VA and non-VA programs; c) delays in obtaining services; and d) emotional toll of caregiving on personal health and relationship with the Veteran. The VA may need to invest in advertising existing services, develop strategies to match caregivers with available services when needed, and enhancing mental health and relationship quality for Veterans and caregivers.

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McGaw, Violette E., Andrea E. Reupert, and Darryl Maybery. "Partners of Veterans With PTSD: Parenting and Family Experiences." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 101, no. 4 (May 28, 2020): 456–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044389420905753.

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Partners raising children are significantly impacted by living with a veteran who has posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This qualitative study explored the parenting and family experiences of partners to veterans with military-PTSD. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight female partners, caring for at least one child below the age of 18 years. Thematic analysis produced four primary themes around parenting, (dis)connection, family identity, and unpredictability. A number of contrasting concepts such as feeling unsupported, yet reluctance to access support, highlighted the complexity of partner experiences. Clear recommendations arose from the study including greater in inclusion in health care, the need for upskilling of service providers and educators in area of family and parenting issues, and clearer pathways for spouses and families to access information.

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Nichols, Linda O., Jennifer Martindale-Adams, Marshall Graney, and Jeffrey Zuber. "Service Member Need and Supportive Services Use by Military/Veteran Spouses." Military Behavioral Health 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21635781.2014.995251.

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McBride, David, Amy Richardson, and Brian Cox. "O5C.1 The NZ vietnam veteran family study: a multi-generational perspective on health and wellbeing." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A45.2—A45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.122.

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BackgroundThe serious impact of Vietnam service on New Zealand veterans arose from high levels of combat experience and exposure to chemical agents including Agent Orange. In 2009, we assembled a cohort of 2783 men and 23 women Vietnam veterans. They had significantly increased risks of head and neck cancer and chronic lymphatic leukaemia, with high rates of hospitalisation for renal failure and drug and alcohol problems. Overseas data indicates that families have been affected by relationship difficulties, with subsequent risks of adverse psychological outcomes in children. There have been few longitudinal studies which include a comprehensive exposure assessment (the exposome) and include both veteran and family, which is what we propose.Study populationUsing the cohort data, the electoral roll and an information campaign, we will recruit veterans, their spouses and their children for follow up. For all groups, we will obtain data to inform the general exposome through a base-line health survey using some of the brief measures deployed in our ‘contemporary veterans’ study, including the Post Traumatic Checklist (Civilian or military) for PTSD, and the Brief Family Relationship Scale exposure history.The specific exposome, including chemicals and ‘other’ specific exposures, will be recorded by on-line questionnaire and subsequent interview.Effects will be assessed through linkage to the Birth Defects Register, Mortality Collection, routine datasets for hospital discharge, and the Cancer Registry, using comparisons with national rates where appropriate. Most importantly, permission will be sought to flag individuals at the Cancer Registry, with access to blood or tissue samples facilitating the identification of genomic ‘effect biomarkers’. We hope that the method will be extended to other cohorts and for future deployments.

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Norris, Deborah, Maya Eichler, Heidi Cramm, Linna Tam-Seto, and Kimberley Smith-Evans. "Operational Stress Injuries and the Mental Health and Well-Being of Veteran Spouses: A Scoping Review." Journal of Family Theory & Review 10, no. 3 (May 25, 2018): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12283.

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LU, MELODY CHIA-WEN. "Transnational marriages as a strategy of care exchange: veteran soldiers and their mainland Chinese spouses in Taiwan." Global Networks 12, no. 2 (March 9, 2012): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2012.00349.x.

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Osilla, Karen Chan, Eric R. Pedersen, Anagha Tolpadi, Stefanie Stern Howard, Jessica L. Phillips, and Kristie L. Gore. "The Feasibility of a Web Intervention for Military and Veteran Spouses Concerned About Their Partner’s Alcohol Misuse." Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 45, no. 1 (December 30, 2016): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11414-016-9546-3.

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Dang, Stuti, Sandra Garcia, Richard Munoz, Polly Hitchcock Noel, Marianne Desir, Jared Hansen, Benjamin Brintz, and Orna Intrator. "MEASURING UNMET NEEDS OF HIGH-NEED, HIGH-RISK AMERICAN VETERANS AND THEIR CAREGIVERS USING A PROSPECTIVE SURVEY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.173.

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Abstract Success in delaying long term institutionalization (LTI) depends on creating means to adequately support each Veteran’s needs. To better understand the unmet needs of Veterans, we identified a random sample of 20,000 Veterans from five VA sites. Veterans were stratified into low-, moderate- or high-risk tiers using a measure of predicted 2-year probability of LTI. Veterans and their caregivers were asked to complete separate surveys to assess demographic, physical, psychological, and social domains, unmet needs, and experience with HCBS and caregiver support programs. Responses were received between July-Dec 2021 from 8056 Veterans (80.3+/-9.8y; 94.0% men; 82.6% White; 8.9% Hispanic) and 3579 caregivers (71.1+/-13.1y; 75.1% women; 80.5% White; 15.1% Hispanic; 57.1% spousal) responded by mail (96%) or online (4%). Both Veterans and caregivers endorse complex Veteran unmet needs spanning medical, psychological, and social domains. Survey results will be used to inform HCBS policy to support aging Veterans and their caregivers.

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Erbes, Christopher R., Eric Kuhn, Melissa A. Polusny, Josef I. Ruzek, Michele Spoont, Laura A. Meis, Elizabeth Gifford, et al. "A Pilot Trial of Online Training for Family Well-Being and Veteran Treatment Initiation for PTSD." Military Medicine 185, no. 3-4 (October 17, 2019): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz326.

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Abstract Introduction Family members are important supports for veterans with Posttrauamtic Stress Disroder (PTSD), but they often struggle with their own distress and challenges. The Veterans Affairs—Community Reinforcement and Family Training (VA-CRAFT) website was designed to teach family members of veterans with PTSD effective ways to interact with their veterans to encourage initiation of mental health services as well as to care for themselves and improve their relationships. This article presents a pilot investigation of VA-CRAFT. Materials and Method Spouse/partners of veterans who had screened positive for PTSD but were not in mental health treatment were randomized to either use the VA-CRAFT website (n = 22) or to a waitlist control condition (n = 19) for 3 months. Veteran mental health service initiation was assessed posttreatment. Spouse/partner distress, caregiver burden, quality of life, and relationship quality were assessed pre and posttreatment. The study was approved by the Minneapolis VA Health Care System Institutional Review Board (IRB). Results Differences between groups on veteran treatment initiation were small (Phi = 0.17) and not statistically significant. VA-CRAFT participants reported large and statistically significantly greater decreases in overall caregiver burden (η2 = 0.10) and objective caregiver burden (η2 = 0.14) than control participants. Effects were larger for those with greater initial distress. Effects sizes for other partner outcomes were negligible (η2 = 0.01) to medium (η2 = 0.09) and not statistically significant. Postintervention interviews suggested that only 33% of the VA-CRAFT participants talked with their veterans about starting treatment for PTSD during the trial. Conclusion Results from this pilot trial suggest that VA-CRAFT holds initial promise in reducing caregiver burden and as such it could be a useful resource for family members of veterans with PTSD. However, VA-CRAFT does not enhance veteran treatment initiation. It may benefit from enhancements to increase effectiveness and caregiver engagement.

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Penney, Lauren, Polly Noel, Karla Hernandez-Swift, Luci Leykum, Ranak Trivedi, Stuti Dang, Andrea Kalvesmaki, and Jorie Butler. "CHALLENGES AND SUPPORTS FOR VETERAN CAREGIVERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1147.

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Abstract Informal caregivers face challenges in supporting older or medically-complex Veterans, which could be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our mixed methods observational study explored Veteran caregivers’ supports, challenges, and self-identified impacts during the pandemic. Caregivers whose veterans needed help with at least one activity of daily living for the last year and received care at one of five Veterans Health Administration (VA) study sites were eligible. Survey participants (n=46) were 96% female, 32-83 years old (median 59); most (83%) cared for a spouse. A majority (67%, n=31) reported increased stress since the start of the pandemic. Top sources of increased stress included worry about COVID-19 infection, increased caregiving responsibility, delayed access to care, concerns about vaccine safety, and employment or financial concerns. Caregiver interviews (n=26) qualitatively analyzed using a rapid, templated approach identified the following themes: (1) the benefits and challenges of VA COVID precautions to Veteran care access (e.g. telehealth, getting care for new problems), (2) supports afforded by and limits of the expansion of the VA Caregiver Support Program, (3) declines in Veteran physical and cognitive functioning, (4) increased caregiver role in Veterans’ support and care, (5) changes in work and living situations to address increased caregiving needs and/or reduce risk of exposure, and (6) loss of and then return to more usual routines and social outlets amid ongoing COVID-related uncertainties. Recommendations include targeted, personalized outreach to engage caregivers in existing supports, removing barriers and streamlining processes for obtaining services, and creating durable caregiver-to-caregiver, peer support opportunities.

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Karimi, Leila, Andrew C. Miller, Alberto A. Castro Bigalli, Somaye Makvandi, Hossein Amini, and Amir Vahedian-Azimi. "Pregnancy Outcomes of Wives of Chemical and Non-Chemical Weapons Exposed Veterans in Ahvaz, Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 35, no. 5 (June 25, 2020): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x2000076x.

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AbstractBackground:Sulphur mustard (HD) is a lipophilic caustic alkylating vesicant (blister agent) that has mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Among the studied perturbations are long-term genitourinary (GU) and fertility effects. Approximately 50,000 Iranian soldiers and civilians were exposed to HD during the Iraq-Iran war (1980-1989). This study questioned the wives of Iraq-Iran war veterans to determine the effects of male HD-exposure on pregnancy complications, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and secondary infertility.Methods:A retrospective, survey-based cohort study was conducted of wives of Iranian military veterans that survived HD-associated injuries while serving in Ahvaz, Iran during the Iraq-Iran war (1980-1989), as compared to non-exposed veterans serving concomitantly. Patients were identified from a database of injured veterans maintained by the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs (Iran) via a systematic random sampling method utilizing a random number table. Using a validated questionnaire, collected data included: demographics; type and severity of chemical injury; spouse’s obstetric history (pregnancy number, duration, complications, and outcomes before and after spouse’s chemical injury); and secondary infertility.Results:An increase in spontaneous abortion (P = .03), congenital anomalies (P < .0001), and secondary infertility (P = .003) were observed. These findings were greatest amongst those with HD injuries affecting >50% body surface area. No difference in stillbirth, premature birth, or low birth weight was observed.Conclusion:Exposure to HD in combat may have long-lasting fertility effects on soldiers and their spouses, including spontaneous abortion, congenital anomalies, and secondary infertility. Further investigation is needed into the long-term effects of HD exposure as well as methods to better protect soldiers.

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Montaño, Febe Anne F., and Romeo R. Tinagan. "Awareness and Availment of Pension Benefits of Military Pensioners in Bacolod City." Philippine Social Science Journal 3, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52006/main.v3i2.284.

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Pension is a necessity and a vital investment to ensure financial security after retirement. Primary pensioners need to transition to civilian life and the surviving spouses of deceased veterans facing widowhood. Maximizing the availment of pension benefits will alleviate the financial distress of military pensioners and promote life satisfaction after many years in the military service. The study was conducted to determine the awareness and availment of the pension benefits of military pensioners and the challenges they have encountered in availing of these benefits. The findings of this study were utilized to prepare an action plan to cater better to the concerns of primary pensioners and surviving spouse beneficiaries.

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Skilbeck, Lilian, Christopher Spanton, and Ian Roylance. "Integrated Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Comorbid Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Study with a Military Veteran." Clinical Case Studies 20, no. 5 (March 30, 2021): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15346501211006922.

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Individual Trauma-focused CBT has been shown to be effective for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in military veterans. Treatment challenges are common including the presence of dissociation and comorbidities including depression, traumatic brain injury symptoms, substance misuse, and social transition difficulties. There are currently no standard psychological therapy guidelines for veterans with comorbid presentations. However, as recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence treatment guidelines, adapting existing treatments can improve the chances of successfully treating trauma cases. In line with these recommendations, the current case study describes how the existing individual trauma-focused CBT model was integrated to treat posttraumatic stress disorder with comorbid depression, persistent mild-traumatic brain injury migraine, and social transition difficulties in a 38-year-old male combat veteran. The client attended 16-sessions of trauma-focused CBT. This model integrated his comorbidities and involved his spouse and multidisciplinary discussions with his general practitioner, and neurorehabilitation team and the Veterans’ Transition Service. At the end of treatment, the client no longer met the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. This case illustrates how trauma-focused CBT can be integrated to treat comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans.

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Savla, Jyoti, Mamta Sapra, Lauren Hagemann, and Katherine Luci. "Home and Community Based Service Use Among Veterans With Dementia Living in Rural Virginia." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.412.

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Abstract Despite the overall expansion of rural Veteran health care facilities, older Veterans in these areas are still underserved and face challenges and barriers to access services. Using data from 60 family caregivers of persons with dementia (PwD; Mean Age = 67 years, Range = 39-84; 92% White; 71% Spouse) we examined the types of home-based and community services they utilized. We also examined reasons that family caregivers provided for not using these services. Next, we applied Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services to examine how predisposing factors such as demographics, available resources, and PwD’s needs were associated with the use of services. We found that Veterans living in rural counties had lower access to caregiver support groups, homemaker services, adult day centers, and home-based respite services. The top three reasons for not using services were that the family caregiver chose to do it themselves, the PwD did not want the service or the service provider to help, or it was too far from the caregiver’s home. Regression analysis further showed that caregivers caring for PwDs with greater ADL challenges and memory and behavior problems were more likely to need and utilize paid services. Disparities based on gender, age, and race were also explored. Findings suggest the need to develop effective service promotion strategies and destigmatizing the use of paid services among Veteran families to reduce health disparities in rural regions.

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Samadifard, H. R., and M. Narimani. "Life Expectancy in the Spouses of Veterans." Iranian Journal of War and Public Health 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/ijwph.10.3.151.

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Renshaw, Keith D., Thomas L. Rodebaugh, and Camila S. Rodrigues. "Psychological and marital distress in spouses of Vietnam veterans: Importance of spouses’ perceptions." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 24, no. 7 (October 2010): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.05.007.

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Shabani, M. "The Prevalence of Sexual Disorders in Veterans (Iran-Iraq war) and Their Spouses." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71044-2.

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Introduction:Taking the prevalence of the sexual disorders -which in some studies is reported from 18% to 79% - into account and considering the fact that only a small percentage of the sexual patients refer to the physicians in order to treat their sexual problems. With regard to several problems which the veterans encounter in their personal and social lives, it seems that sexual disorders in these patients and their spouses are widespread.Methodology:In this research performed in the descriptive-temporal method, a questionnaire including all types of sexual disorders in men and women was provided and after standardization by 398 veterans and their spouses.Results:The results of this research are reported as follows; the prevalence of decrease the sexual desire in the veterans is 65/1%, the inability in erection 64/4%, difficulty in erection 60%, disorder in the continuation of erection 85/3%, and premature ejaculation 55%. In addition, the spouses of these veterans are encountered problems like the prevalence of the disorders in sexual desire with the rate of 25/4%, aversion of the sexual intercourse 7%, painfulness within sexual intercourse 8/8%, lack of excitement and vagina drought 10/3%, the disorder in orgasm 14/6%, and the inability in enjoying the sexual intercourse 14/3%.Discussion and conclusion:The high level of prevalence of sexual disorders considered in this research clarifies the necessity and importance of the educational, consultation and the treatment programs for these groups and their spouses.

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Hilgeman, M., P. Block, K. Alexander, A. Collins, M. Kunik, R. Allen, and A. Snow. "RELATIONSHIP QUALITY AMONG SPOUSES AND EX-SPOUSES OF VETERANS WITH DEMENTIA AS CAREGIVING CONTEXT." Innovation in Aging 2, suppl_1 (November 1, 2018): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.1086.

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Ahmadi, Khodabakhsh, Seddigeh Azampoor-Afshar, Gholamreza Karami, and Arastoo Mokhtari. "The Association of Veterans' PTSD with Secondary Trauma Stress among Veterans' Spouses." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 20, no. 6 (August 2011): 636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2011.595761.

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Ponder, Warren N., and Regina T. P. Aguirre. "Internet-based Spousal Communication during Deployment: Does it Increase Post-deployment Marital Satisfaction?" Advances in Social Work 13, no. 1 (April 16, 2012): 216–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/1867.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the question: Is a service member’s post-deployment marital satisfaction correlated with frequency and mode of communication during deployment? This study used an anonymous exploratory design with a sample of 119 Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) or Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) married veterans. Service members who communicated daily during deployment with their spouses had higher marital satisfaction scores than those who communicated less than once per week. Additionally, participants who used US mail had the highest marital satisfaction scores compared to telephone and internet-based communication. This study expands the overwhelmingly qualitative current literature to include quantitative analysis of this topic. This study also depicts the veterans’ experiences since many of the previous studies of this topic used samples of spouses.

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Renshaw, Keith D., Camila S. Rodrigues, and David H. Jones. "Psychological symptoms and marital satisfaction in spouses of Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans: Relationships with spouses' perceptions of veterans' experiences and symptoms." Journal of Family Psychology 22, no. 4 (2008): 586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.22.3.586.

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Bashardoust, S., and P. Bagheri Matin. "Comparison of Self-Differentiation and Interpersonal Forgiveness between Veterans'- and Non-Veterans' Spouses." Iranian Journal of War and Public Health 12, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/ijwph.12.3.173.

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Toomey, Rosemary, Renee Alpern, Domenic J. Reda, Dewleen G. Baker, Jennifer J. Vasterling, Melvin Blanchard, and Seth A. Eisen. "Mental health in spouses of U.S. Gulf War veterans." Psychiatry Research 275 (May 2019): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.043.

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Coleman, Jules, and Charles Silver. "Justice in Settlements." Social Philosophy and Policy 4, no. 1 (1986): 102–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500000455.

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INTRODUCTIONIn any society relatively few disputes are brought to judges for resolution. Most are handled informally or forgotten. Fewer still are cases that go to trial. Most are settled. Compromises are reached even in cases where issues are hotly contested and where millions or billions of dollars in damages are claimed. Recently, for example, one of the most controversial lawsuits of our time, the Agent Orange case, was settled. In that case, veterans of the Vietnam War, their spouses, and their children alleged that a defoliant — Agent Orange – used in Southeast Asia contained dioxin and was responsible for deaths, debilities, miscarriages, and birth defects suffered by members of the plaintiff class. Class members argued that the manufacturers of the defoliant, seven major chemical companies, knew that it was tainted and should be made to compensate them for their injuries, claiming billions of dollars in damages. The case received national exposure and became a rallying point for veterans, a means they hoped to use to publicize their plight and to spur Congress to come to their aid. On the eve of trial, the case was settled. The defendants, who denied liability throughout the pretrial period, agreed to pay the veterans $180 million. In turn, the plaintiff class agreed to drop the suit. Thus ended a controversy which not only presented novel legal issues and tested the ability of the federal courts to handle complex lawsuits, but concerned the well-being of a large number of veterans, their spouses, and their handicapped children as well.

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Fahrni, Magda. "The Romance of Reunion: Montreal War Veterans Return to Family Life, 1944-1949." Ottawa 1998 9, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030497ar.

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Abstract The narratives of homecoming told during the last years of the Second World War and the first few years of peace drew on the elements of a literary romance: valiant heroes, loyal heroines, and a period of hardship culminating in the hero's triumphant return and the welcoming embrace of the woman he'd left behind. The moment of reunion, however, heralded the beginning of another story: veterans' reintegration into family life in the wake of war and separation. This paper examines the renegotiation of relationships between male war veterans and their spouses, children, and parents. Using Montreal as a case study, it argues that although the family was promoted as an agent of postwar healing, veterans' readjustment to family life was difficult. The fact that war had strained and sometimes shattered relationships was harder to bear given the rhetorical force of the reunion narrative for veterans and their families.

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Hammock, Amy C., Rebecca E. Dreyer, Mishal Riaz, Sean A. P. Clouston, Ashlee McGlone, and Benjamin Luft. "Trauma and Relationship Strain: Oral Histories With World Trade Center Disaster Responders." Qualitative Health Research 29, no. 12 (March 28, 2019): 1751–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732319837534.

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Existing models of couple functioning after trauma are primarily based on the experiences of returning military veterans. In this study, we conducted thematic analysis of a purposive sample of 49 oral histories of responders to the 9/11/01 terrorist attacks to understand how they navigated life with their spouses after the response experience. Use of multiple coders and analytic matrices increased analytic rigor. In the sample, 34.7% disclosed a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and another 22.7% mentioned experiencing at least one trauma symptom. Most responders had not sought mental health intervention, relying instead on their spouses’ caregiving. Responders reported limited disclosure to their spouses about the details of their 9/11/01 response work, which may have helped them cope emotionally with repeated 9/11/01 clean-up duties. Shared values regarding the common good and patriotism were important for maintaining an intimate relationship after 9/11/01, and helping partners understand and feel understood by each other.

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Hilgeman, Michelle M., Phoebe R. Block, Teddy K. Bishop, Kimberly Alexander, and A. Lynn Snow. "ADAPTING MINDFULNESS-BASED COUNSELING FOR THE TELEPHONE: A PILOT STUDY FOR CAREGIVERS AND VETERANS WITH DEMENTIA." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2074.

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Abstract Optimizing Dementia Care in Veterans with Dementia is a randomized, controlled, pilot study examining outcomes for Veterans and their caregivers at 6- and 12-months for two telephone-based interventions: a) Benjamin Rose Institute’s (BRI) Care Consultation (CC), and b) CC + Counseling (CC+C). Counseling modules are integrated into the existing BRI CC framework using guided mindfulness-based skill-building exercises on various content domains (e.g., grief, identity, intimacy, stress management). Sixty-four caregivers and 47 Veterans (M = 74.3 years, MOCA Score M = 15.5) have been randomized in this ongoing pilot study. Caregivers are 91% female, 32% Black/African American, and 72% spouses. Preliminary implementation and 6-month outcome data is discussed (e.g., reaction to behavioral distress, mindfulness, depression, quality of life) using within-group paired samples t-tests for the 32 dyads randomized to CC+C. Lessons learned include strategies for adapting mindfulness-based approaches over the telephone to enhance access for Veterans and caregivers across geographic regions.

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Hoyt, Tim, and Keith D. Renshaw. "Emotional disclosure and posttraumatic stress symptoms: Veteran and spouse reports." International Journal of Stress Management 21, no. 2 (May 2014): 186–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035162.

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Marini, Christina, Jeremy Yorgason, and Anica Pless Kaiser. "MARITAL QUALITY AND LONELINESS AMONG AGING COMBAT VETERANS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF PTSD SYMPTOMS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.599.

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Abstract Loneliness is a robust predictor of aging veterans’ health. Even married older adults may experience loneliness if their relationships are of poor quality. We therefore examined facets of marital quality as predictors of loneliness within a sample of aging veterans: (1) companionship (relationship promotes connection to spouse) and (2) sociability (relationship promotes connection to others). We further evaluated whether veterans’ PTSD symptoms moderated these associations. We utilized two waves of data from 269 Vietnam-era combat veterans (M age = 60.5, SD = .73) collected in 2010 and 2016. Upon controlling for baseline loneliness, demographics, and chronic conditions, higher companionship and sociability each predicted lower subsequent loneliness. We detected interactions between companionship and PTSD subclusters. For example, companionship protected against loneliness only for veterans with low and moderate (but not high) avoidance. Findings highlight nuances in how marital quality predicts aging veterans’ loneliness, some of which are dependent on PTSD symptoms.

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Mavandadi, Shahrzad, April Eaker, Katherine Van Treese, Brenda Jeffries-Silmon, and Laura Wray. "The Effectiveness of a Caregiver Support and Education Intervention Designed for Caregivers of Veterans." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1371.

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Abstract Veterans are at increased risk for dementia and multiple comorbid conditions, often making the family caregiving experience particularly challenging. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a telephone-based, collaborative dementia care program for improving caregiver (CG) outcomes in CGs of veterans with dementia. All CGs (n=107) received individual care management and were randomized to either individual intervention alone or individual plus group education and social support. CGs were on average 72.5 (+/-11.0) years old, and the majority were female, spouses/partners of the care recipient (CR), and providing care for ≥1 year. Pre-post analyses indicate that CGs experienced a significant reduction in both the frequency of CRs’ dementia-related symptoms (e.g. memory difficulties, disruptive behaviors, depressive affect) and their own distress in response to these symptoms. Our study adds to the literature on the development and evaluation of understudied CG populations, such as CGs of veterans with dementia.

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Lambert, Jessica E., Amber Hasbun, Rachel Engh, and Jessica Holzer. "Veteran PTSS and spouse relationship quality: The importance of dyadic coping." Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 7, no. 5 (2015): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000036.

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Yambo, Teresa W., Mary E. Johnson, Kathleen R. Delaney, Rebekah Hamilton, Arlene Michaels Miller, and Janet A. York. "Experiences of Military Spouses of Veterans With Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Journal of Nursing Scholarship 48, no. 6 (August 12, 2016): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12237.

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Toseland, R. W., M. S. Labrecque, S. T. Coebel, and M. H. Whitney. "An Evaluation of a Group Program for Spouses of Frail Elderly Veterans." Gerontologist 32, no. 3 (June 1, 1992): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/32.3.382.

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Blow, Adrian J., Lisa Gorman, Dara Ganoczy, Michelle Kees, Deborah A. Kashy, Marcia Valenstein, Sheila M. Marcus, Hiram E. Fitzgerald, and Stephen Chermack. "Hazardous drinking and family functioning in National Guard veterans and spouses postdeployment." Journal of Family Psychology 27, no. 2 (2013): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0031881.

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Dekel, Sharon, Yafit Levin, and Zahava Solomon. "Posttraumatic growth among spouses of combat veterans: Adaptive or maladaptive for adjustment?" Psychiatry Research 230, no. 2 (December 2015): 712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.018.

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Campbell, Sarah B., and Keith D. Renshaw. "Distress in spouses of Vietnam veterans: Associations with communication about deployment experiences." Journal of Family Psychology 26, no. 1 (February 2012): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026680.

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Sayers, Steven L. "Family Reintegration Difficulties and Couples Therapy for Military Veterans and Their Spouses." Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 18, no. 1 (February 2011): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2010.03.002.

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Nelson, Naomi, Dorothy Wong, and Eugene Lai. "A self-management program for veterans and spouses living with Parkinson’s disease." Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 3, no. 4 (November 14, 2011): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-9824.2011.01125.x.

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