Journal articles on the topic 'Vet attitudes to fear-free'
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Williams, Jane. "Stress-free vet visits: considering the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic." Companion Animal 27, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2021.0066.
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Visits to the small animal veterinary practice are typically stressful for many animals, especially where they already have an anxious or fearful disposition. Although the purpose of the visit is to improve the animal's welfare (by improving physical health and wellbeing), there may be an impact on the animal's mental health and emotional state. The current pandemic situation has made vet visits even more difficult, because a number of options for preparing for the visit, or carrying out the visit itself, have not always been available. This article considers techniques for minimising fear, anxiety and stress in companion animals being treated at the vet practice, through preparation, protocols and procedures. Principles of good practice when helping animals to have the least stressful experience during a vet visit are considered. Additional special measures for particularly anxious or fearful animals are also discussed. The identification of stress-reducing protocols is largely based on the low-stress handling techniques identified in research and the importance of these as perceived by veterinary staff. Changes within the practice that have impacted animals' anxiety levels, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, are identified and considered. Reflections concerning the pandemic experience, as provided to the author by a number of veterinary surgeons and nurses, are recorded and considered as the basis for further research. Consideration is also given to the feasibility and value of retaining some changes implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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North, Max M., Sarah M. North, and Joseph R. Coble. "Effectiveness of Virtual Environment Desensitization in the Treatment of Agoraphobia." International Journal of Virtual Reality 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.1995.1.2.2603.
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The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the virtual environment technology in the area of psychotherapy. Consequently, this study investigated the effectiveness of a virtual environment desensitization (VED) in the treatment of agoraphobia (fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing). It was done with a traditional experimental design using N=60 subjects. Thirty subjects were placed in the experimental group and thirty subjects were placed in the control group. Two instruments were used: an Attitude Towards Agoraphobia Questionnaire (ATAQ) and the Subjective Unit of Discomfort Scale (SUDS). Only subjects in the experimental group were exposed to the VED treatment. The virtual environment desensitization was shown to be effective in treatment of subjects with agoraphobia (experimental group). The control group, or no-treatment group, did not change significantly. All the attitudes towards agoraphobic situation decreased significantly for the virtual environment desensitization group (experimental group) but not for control group. The average SUDS in each session decreased steadily across sessions, indicating habituation. This research, including the pilot studies, has established a new paradigm for utilizing virtual environment technology in the effective, economical, and confidential treatment of psychological disorders.
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North, Max M., Sarah M. North, and Joseph R. Coble. "Effectiveness of Virtual Environment Desensitization in the Treatment of Agoraphobia." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 5, no. 3 (January 1996): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1996.5.3.346.
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The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of virtual environment technology in the area of psychotherapy. In particular, this study investigated the effectiveness of virtual environment desensitization (VED) in the treatment of agoraphobia (fear of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing). Sixty undergraduate college students served as subjects. Thirty subjects served in the experimental group and the other 30 served as a control group. Subjects' degree of fear/anxiety was measured using two instruments, the Attitude Towards Agoraphobia Questionnaire (ATAQ) and the Subjective Units of Discomfort Scale (SUDS). Only subjects in the experimental group were exposed to the VED treatment. The scores of the control group did not change significantly, while both ATAQ and SUDS scores decreased significantly for the experimental group. The average SUDS scores of the experimental group decreased steadily across sessions, indicating steady improvement with treatment. It is hoped that this research will be a first step toward the utilization of virtual environment technology in providing more effective, economical, and confidential treatment of psychological disorders.
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Farhad. "Curbing Free Thought." Index on Censorship 14, no. 2 (April 1985): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064228508533868.
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Martial Law regulation number 33 punishes indulgence ‘in any political activity by words, signs or visible representation’ with 7 years jail and 20 lashes. There are plans to ban women from driving, voting and holding most jobs. ∗ A television playwright, fairly popular in official circles, wrote a line in his TV play: ‘It is human nature. Man wants change.’ The line was expunged from the play without the knowledge of the writer or the script editor. ∗ Four television cameramen of Rawalpindi-Islamabad television centre were sacked for irresponsibly commenting on the ‘referendum’ speech of General Zia-ul-Haq in December 1984. ∗ A censor committee insisted on deleting a close-up of a tearful eye in a film commercial saying that it was erotic. Another committee, set up to vet scripts of stage-plays, proudly claimed that it not only objected to certain lines of dialogue but that they also made ‘positive suggestions’. ∗ A government circular advises government departments, libraries, educational institutions and autonomous institutions that they should subscribe only to listed ‘balanced’ newspapers (all published by the government-owned National Press Trust). The government also decides to base the granting of government advertisements on the ‘responsible’ attitude of the newspapers rather than their circulation. ∗ Author-advocate Mushtaq Raj was detained under Martial Law for writing a book which attempts to find common ground between religion and Marxism. ∗ The Law of Evidence was promulgated and women were declared unfit to become witnesses to commercial deals on their own. A business contract must be signed by two men, or by a man and two women.
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Brower, Daniel. "Russian Roads to Mecca: Religious Tolerance and Muslim Pilgrimage in the Russian Empire." Slavic Review 55, no. 3 (1996): 567–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2502001.
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The Russian empire provided Islam a sheltered but precarious place within its borders. Sporadic efforts at forced conversion to Orthodoxy ended in 1773 with Catherine II's edict of religious tolerance, which officially acknowledged the existence of the Muslim community and allowed the free practice of its essential religious rites. Among these, pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) was one of the most sacred. But distrust of Islam and fear of Muslim revolt, fed by an almost paranoid apprehension of pan-Islamic solidarity, were deeply embedded in tsarist policies and attitudes toward pious Muslims.
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Salmin, Anton K. "Н. Я. Бичурин в поисках этнической идентичности." Oriental Studies 13, no. 5 (December 28, 2020): 1339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-51-5-1339-1348.
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Introduction. The article contains analysis of the attitude of the Sinologist, specialist in Mongolian and Manchu studies Nikita Yakovlevich Bichurin (Ven. Hyacinth) to his ethnic identity. Goals. The study aims to consider N. Bichurin’s personality in the context of his biography, family, relatives, physical appearances and character, scientific achievements and environment. The veiled rare facts of the attitude of Nikita Yakovlevich to his ethnic origin are as essential. Materials and Methods. The work focuses on archival sources and publications of leading researchers to have investigated N. Bichurin’s life and activities. The figure of Sinologist Hyacinth Bichurin in the frame of 19th-century events remains as intriguing as ever, the latter to include his ethnic backgrounds and personal attitude to his roots. The article analyses archival and published sources to outline the concept of ‘ethnic identity according to Bichurin’. The sought objectives are detected in Bichurin’s biography, family roots, physical features, facts of scientific activity, relations with friends, search for his offspring and in the attitudes of the society to his personality. The low manifestation of ethnic identity in Bichurin’s life and activities is explained by the fact that he was a free ― though ordained ― thinker, which made it impossible to emphasize ethnic identity in the 19th century. In addition, such unpleasant facts of his biography as arrest, imprisonment, and confinement in a cell would repeatedly put him under psychological pressure. Identity was understood by Bichurin as an ability to touch the height in science while being a foreigner.
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Buizza, Chiara, Rosaria Pioli, Marco Ponteri, Michela Vittorielli, Angela Corradi, Nadia Minicuci, and Giuseppe Rossi. "Community attitudes towards mental illness and socio-demographic characteristics: an Italian study." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 14, no. 3 (September 2005): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00006400.
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SUMMARYAim — To assess the association between socio-demographic characteristics and community attitudes towards mentally ill people. Method — We assessed a sample of 280 subjects, stratified for sex and age, which has identified using the electoral registers of Brescia. A letter was sent to everyone in order to introduce the future potential study participant to the topics of the public attitudes towards mental illness and it included an invitation to take part in the study. After, 280 subjects were contacted by telephone. Finally, 174 persons, who expressed their willingness to collaborate, were visited by a team of four trained interviewers. The instruments used were: a semi-structured interview; the Community Attitudes to the Mentally III (CAMI) inven-tory, which is composed by 40 statements, concerning the degree of acceptance of mental health services and mentally ill patients in the community; and the Fear and Behavioural Intentions (FABI) inventory, which is composed by 10 items, concerning fears and behavioural intentions towards mentally ill people. 106 subjects refused to participate. Results — Factor analysis of the CAMI revealed three components Physical distance and fear, Social isolation and Social responsibility and tolerance. Factor 1 is associated with: people >61 years old; people being divorced/widowed/living separated; people who haven't participated in social or volunteer activities. Factor 2 is associated with: people > 41 years old; people being schooled at a level that's higher than elementary level; unemployed people. Factor 3 doesn't present any associations. Conclusions — The results of this study outline the need to: a) promote interventions focused to improve the general attitude towards people with mental illness; b) to favour specific actions in order to prevent or eliminate prejudices in subgroups of the population.Declaration of Interest: in the last two years the authors have been paid by the IRCCS Centra San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli in Brescia (Italy), as employees and free professionals.
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Yang, Huan, Shun-Ping Li, Qing Chen, and Christopher Morgan. "Barriers to cervical cancer screening among rural women in eastern China: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e026413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026413.
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ObjectivesTo explore barriers to free cervical cancer screening among rural women in China from the perspective of women, healthcare providers and women’s husbands to inform intervention planning.DesignA qualitative study framed around potential policy and practice options, drawing on the concepts of descriptive phenomenology and implementation research.SettingThis study was carried out at township level within two counties in Jining Prefecture of eastern China.Participants and data collectionSemi-structured in-depth interviews with 21 women and five healthcare providers, focus group discussions with nine healthcare providers and key informant interviews with four husbands of women eligible for screening.ResultsThematic analysis generated five major themes: (1) gaps in knowledge of cervical cancer and health awareness, (2) fear of cancer and screening outcomes, (3) cultural barriers including reticence for intimate examinations, (4) influence of close contacts on screening decisions and (5) inconvenience. These demonstrate key knowledge gaps challenging current community health education. Important barriers, including fear of treatment cost and the time needed for screening, were also raised.ConclusionOur study details important barriers to cervical cancer screening relating to knowledge gaps, attitudes of fear or embarrassment and the role of contacts and service models. These provide data for policy and planning to improve the screening that will decrease the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in China.
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Mushoriwa, T. D., V. T. Mlangeni, and M. Kurebwa. "Assessing Attitudes of Primary School Teachers towards Free Primary Education in Swaziland: The Case of Shiselweni Region." MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN 1, no. 2 (September 23, 2016): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/mimbardik.v1i2.3927.
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ABSTRACT: This study was designed to assess the attitudes of Primary School teachers towards FPE (Free Primary Education) recently introduced in Swaziland, with the ultimate aim of establishing how the teachers feel about the change given the increase in enrolments in the schools. The survey research design was employed. Data were sourced from 118 teachers (females = 50%) through a semi-structured questionnaire and follow-up interviews. While data were largely analysed through the Likert scale analysis procedures described in this study, Cramer’s V was the statistic used to test if gender significantly influenced attitudes towards FPE. The study found that the majority of the teachers (73%) had negative attitudes towards FPE mainly because of, among other things, large teacher-pupil ratios (1:70) which increased their workload; shortage of resources and infrastructure; being viewed as lowering educational standards; and the fact that the teachers were not consulted despite being the key implementers. Cramer’s V yielded an insignificant positive relationship (0.06) between gender and attitudes; and this meant that gender did not significantly influence the teachers’ attitudes towards the introduction of FPE. KEY WORD: Assessing; Teacher Attitudes; Free Primary Education; Increased Enrolments; Gender. ABSTRAKSI: “Menilai Sikap Guru-guru Sekolah Dasar terhadap Pendidikan Dasar Gratis di Swaziland: Kasus Daerah Shiselweni”. Penelitian dirancang untuk menilai sikap guru-guru Sekolah Dasar terhadap PDG (Pendidikan Dasar Gratis) yang baru-baru ini diperkenalkan di Swaziland, dengan tujuan akhir menentukan bagaimana perasaan para guru tentang perubahan tersebut mengingat meningkatnya pendaftaran murid di sekolah. Desain penelitian survei digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data bersumber dari 118 guru (perempuan = 50%) yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner semi-terstruktur dan wawancara lanjutan. Data sebagian besar dianalisis melalui prosedur skala Likert, sedangkan V Cramer adalah statistik yang digunakan untuk menguji apakah jenis kelamin secara signifikan mempengaruhi sikap. Studi ini menemukan sebagian besar guru (73%) memiliki sikap negatif terhadap PDG terutama karena, antara lain, besarnya rasio guru-murid (1:70) yang meningkatkan beban kerja; kurangnya sumber daya dan infrastruktur; dipandang akan menurunkan standar pendidikan; dan fakta bahwa guru tidak diajak urun-rembug meskipun sebagai pelaksana kunci. V Cramer menghasilkan hubungan positif yang tidak signifikan (0.06) antara gender dan sikap; dan ini berarti bahwa gender tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap sikap guru. KATA KUNCI: Menilai; Sikap Guru; Pendidikan Dasar Gratis; Peningkatan Pendaftaran; Gender. About the Authors: T.D. Mushoriwa, Ph.D. is a Full Professor at the University of Fort Hare in South Africa; V.T. Mlangeni is a Teacher at the Nhlangano Central High School in Swaziland; and M. Kurebwa is a Lecturer at the Zimbabwe Open University, Midlands, in Zimbabwe. Corresponding author is: tmushoriwa@ufh.ac.zaHow to cite this article? Mushoriwa, T.D., V.T. Mlangeni & M. Kurebwa. (2016). “Assessing Attitudes of Primary School Teachers towards Free Primary Education in Swaziland: The Case of Shiselweni Region” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Vol.1(2) September, pp.143-150. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Chronicle of the article: Accepted (July 16, 2016); Revised (August 17, 2016); and Published (September 30, 2016).
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Ziv, Naomi. "Reactions to “patriotic” and “protest” songs in individuals differing in political orientation." Psychology of Music 46, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 392–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735617713119.
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Music is commonly used in political contexts, to strengthen attitudes and group cohesion. The reported research examined reactions to music representing national values or contesting them in individuals with different political orientations, on issues related to national pride, cohesion and free expression. In Study 1, 100 Israeli participants heard three “patriotic” or “protest” songs and rated their agreement with statements regarding them. Beyond a number of main effects of music and of political orientation, several interactions between these two variables were found. For right-wing participants, patriotic music increased pride whereas protest music increased shame and fear of social disintegration. For left-wing participants, protest music led to higher agreement with the right to free expression. Study 2 included 78 participants and repeated the procedure with parallel texts. Main effects of texts were found, but no main effects of political orientation or interactions were found. Results are discussed in terms of the role and impact of music in political settings.
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Mosedale, Pam, and Mark Turner. "Quality improvement for patient safety and a better practice culture." Veterinary Nurse 13, no. 4 (May 2, 2022): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2022.13.4.156.
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This article explores the subjects of quality improvement, patient safety and practice culture, and the relationships between them. These subjects are highly relevant to the care that patients receive — learning more about them can improve our ability to treat animals effectively. A positive practice culture is one that encourages civility, teamwork, a blame-free attitude to errors, and a learning approach for the whole team. Quality improvement is a mechanism to improve standards of care — it helps patient safety and supports a positive practice culture. Quality improvement can be defined as the combined efforts of the whole team to make changes that will lead to better patient outcomes, better system performance (care) and better professional development (learning). Quality improvement methods, such as clinical audits and significant event audits, and quality improvement tools such as guidelines, checklists and systems of work, can help veterinary practices to make a start with quality improvement, and engaging with these quality improvement tools can help improve patient safety and practice culture to benefit all team members.
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Ofori, Anthony Amanfo, Joseph Osarfo, Evans Kofi Agbeno, Dominic Owusu Manu, and Elsie Amoah. "Psychological impact of COVID-19 on health workers in Ghana: A multicentre, cross-sectional study." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211000919.
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacted an appreciable burden on health systems globally including adverse psychological impacts on health workers. This study sought to assess COVID-19-related fear, depression, anxiety and stress among hospital staff, potential factors that may help reduce its psychological effects and their personal coping strategies. The study will help to highlight the psychological impact of COVID-19 on Ghanaian health workers and indirectly serve as a needs assessment survey for input to support affected staff and the broader health system. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among health workers in three hospitals in the Ashanti Region of Ghana from 11 July 2020 to 12 August 2020. Demographic data and scores from the validated DASS-21 and Fear of COVID-19 scales and two other scales developed de novo were entered from 272 self-administered questionnaires and analyzed for means, frequencies and proportions. Fisher’s exact test analysis was done to ascertain associations between selected independent variables and depression, anxiety, stress and fear. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare the mean and median scores of the outcome variables across the three study hospitals. Results and conclusion: Over 40% of respondents had fear while 21.1%, 27.8% and 8.2% had depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. Positive attitudes from colleagues and the government’s tax-free salary relief were some factors said to reduce the psychological effects while over half of participants indicated praying more often as a coping strategy. There is a need for the health system to recognize the presence of these adverse psychological effects in health workers and take pragmatic steps to address them.
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Ramani, Sudha, Manjula Bahuguna, Apurva Tiwari, Sushma Shende, Anagha Waingankar, Rama Sridhar, Nikhat Shaikh, et al. "Corona was scary, lockdown was worse: A mixed-methods study of community perceptions on COVID-19 from urban informal settlements of Mumbai." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): e0268133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268133.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified the multiple vulnerabilities of people living in urban informal settlements globally. To bring community voices from such settlements to the center of COVID-19 response strategies, we undertook a study in the urban informal settlements of Dharavi, Mumbai, from September 2020-April 2021. In this study, we have examined the awareness, attitudes, reported practices, and some broader experiences of the community in Dharavi with respect to COVID-19. We have used a mixed-methods approach, that included a cross-sectional survey of 468 people, and in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 49 people living in this area. Data was collected via a mix of phone and face-to-face interviews. We have presented here the descriptive statistics from the survey and the key themes that emerged from our qualitative data. People reported high levels of knowledge about COVID-19, with television (90%), family and friends (56%), and social media (47%) being the main sources of information. The knowledge people had, however, was not free of misconceptions and fear; people were scared of being forcefully quarantined and dying alone during the early days of COVID-19. These fears had negative repercussions in the form of patient-related stigma and hesitancy in seeking healthcare. A year into the pandemic, however, people reported a shift in attitudes from ‘extreme fear to low fear’ (67% reported perceiving low/no COVID risk in October 2020), contributing to a general laxity in following COVID-appropriate behaviors. Currently, the community is immensely concerned about the revival of livelihoods, that have been adversely impacted due to the lockdown in 2020 as well as the continued ‘othering’ of Dharavi for being a COVID hotspot. These findings suggest that urban informal settlements like Dharavi need community-level messaging that counters misinformation and denial of the outbreak; local reinforcement of COVID-appropriate behaviours; and long-term social protection measures.
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Pukhareva, T. S., and T. S. Sherstyuk. "Socio-Psychological Attitudes of Lawyers Who Previously Worked as Investigators." Psychology and Law 12, no. 1 (2022): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2022120106.
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The article presents the findings of the research of socio-psychological attitudes of lawyers who previously worked as investigators. 60 respondents have been surveyed, with 20 of them being lawyers, another 20 being investigators and the remaining 20 were lawyers pre-viously working as investigators. These techniques were used: 1) “Methodology for diag-nostics of personality’s socio-psychological attitudes in the need-motivational sphere” by Potyomkina O.F. 2) “Hope anchors” by Sheyn E. It has been shown that lawyers who previ-ously worked as investigators are focused on their career, fulfillment of their ideals and values in their profession. They strive to use their talents and knowledge to the fullest, to be effective, they have an urge to be free and independent. Among other things, the study con-cludes that one of the subjective reasons for investigators to become lawyers are the distinctive socio-psychological attitudes of their personalities. The results of the study can be useful for psychological interpretations of choice and change of one’s occupation, to pre-vent occupational destructions in people of law professions. They can also be taken into ac-count by psychologists and psychological services when modeling lawyers and investiga-tors’ psychic profiles.
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Ardiani, Hanifah, and Avicena Sakufa Marsanti. "DIFFERENCES IN VOLUNTARY COUNSELLING AND TESTING (VCT) COMPLIANCE RATES AS WELL AS FACTOR THAT INFLUENCE WPS AND WPSTL AT MADIUN REGENCY." Jurnal Kesehatan 14, no. 2 (January 3, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/kesehatan.v14i2.23726.
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The number of WPS and WPSTL visits in 2017 on VCT services in localization and karaoke places in Madiun Regency is still relatively low. According to the Ministry of Health, VCT services must be done 1 time in 3 months or 4 times a year (100%). In 2017 in Madiun Regency from the target of 100% risk group doing VCT, only reached 42.7% who did VCT in the WPS group and 72.7% in the WPSTL group. Cases of HIV / AIDS from year to year have increased significantly enough to require further treatment, especially in Madiun Regency. Of the 197 WPS and WPSTL in Madiun Regency, 89 (45.18%) were HIV/AIDS positive. One of the causes of the high incidence of HIV / AIDS cases in Madiun Regency is due to the low level of VCT service visits. This study used a cross sectional study design with a sample number of 49 WPS and 19 WPSTL based on the results of the calculation of the slovin sample formula. Sampling techniques using purposive sampling. The free variables in the study were peer knowledge, attitudes and support, while the bound variables were VCT compliance. Data analysis uses univariate, bivariate analysis using chi square and multivariate with logistic regression. External to this study is an article published in an accredited national journal.
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Freer-Smith, Charlotte, Laragh Harvey-Kelly, Katie Mills, Hannah Harrison, Sabrina H. Rossi, Simon J. Griffin, Grant D. Stewart, and Juliet A. Usher-Smith. "Reasons for intending to accept or decline kidney cancer screening: thematic analysis of free text from an online survey." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e044961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044961.
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ObjectivesKidney cancer has been identified as a disease for which screening might provide significant benefit for patients. The aim of this study was to understand in detail the facilitators and barriers towards uptake of a future kidney cancer screening programme, and to compare these across four proposed screening modalities.DesignAn online survey including free-text responses.SettingUKParticipants668 adultsPrimary and secondary outcome measuresThe survey assessed participants’ self-reported intention to take-up kidney cancer screening with four different test methods (urine test, blood test, ultrasound scan and low-dose CT). We conducted thematic analysis of 2559 free-text comments made within the survey using an inductive approach.ResultsWe identified five overarching themes that influenced screening intention: ‘personal health beliefs’, ‘practicalities’, ‘opinions of the test’, ‘attitudes towards screening’ and ‘cancer apprehension’. Overall, participants considered the tests presented as simple to complete and the benefits of early detection to outweigh any drawbacks to screening. Dominant facilitators and barriers varied with patterns of intention to take up screening across the four tests. Most intended to take up screening by all four tests, and for these participants, screening was seen as a positive health behaviour. A significant minority were driven by practicalities and the risks of the tests offered. A smaller proportion intended to reject all forms of screening offered, often due to fear or worry about results and unnecessary medical intervention or a general negative view of screening.ConclusionsMost individuals would accept kidney cancer screening by any of the four test options presented because of strong positive attitudes towards screening in general and the perceived simplicity of the tests. Providing information about the rationale for screening in general and the potential benefits of early detection will be important to optimise uptake among uncertain individuals.
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Soussan, Christophe, and Anette Kjellgren. "Alarming attitudinal barriers to help-seeking in drug-related emergency situations: Results from a Swedish online survey." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 36, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072519852837.
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Background: New troublesome drug trends constitute a challenge for public health. Sweden has the second highest drug-related mortality rate in Europe. This calls for an investigation into the help-seeking attitudes of young adults to early middle-aged individuals asking how they would act in acute drug-related emergency or overdose situations. Methods: In total, 1232 individuals completed an online survey promoted on Sweden’s largest discussion forum Flashback.org . Their free-text responses were analysed according to inductively generated categories. Results: Around 60% of the sample would act as expected and contact emergency care without hesitation. However, approximately 32% of the sample showed palpable resistance and would put off seeking help and use emergency care only as a last resort due to, for example, fear of legal repercussions and stigma. Moreover, 8% displayed a total lack of confidence in public healthcare and would avoid it at all costs or entirely disregard it as an option due to the alleged risk of negative consequences and experienced restrictions on their personal freedom. Conclusions: While the inevitable criminalisation and stigmatisation associated with Sweden’s “zero tolerance” drug policy putatively serve as deterrents to drug use, our results demonstrate that these measures may also contribute to attitudes which discourage help-seeking. Such attitudes may at least partly explain the growing and comparatively high number of drug-induced deaths. Therefore, attitudinal and structural barriers to acute help-seeking in drug-related emergency situations should be acknowledged and investigated further in order to minimise harm.
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Caneiro, JP, Peter O’Sullivan, Ottmar V. Lipp, Lara Mitchinson, Nicolai Oeveraas, Priyanka Bhalvani, Richard Abrugiato, Sean Thorkildsen, and Anne Smith. "Evaluation of implicit associations between back posture and safety of bending and lifting in people without pain." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 18, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2018-0056.
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Abstract Background and aims Despite lack of support from recent in vivo studies, bending and lifting (especially with a round-back posture) are perceived as dangerous to the back. In light of this view, it has been proposed that pain-free people may hold a common implicit belief that is congruent with the idea that bending and lifting with a round-back represents danger to a person’s back, however this has not been evaluated. The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate implicit associations between back posture and safety related to bending and lifting in pain-free people; (2) to explore correlations between the implicit measure and explicit measures of back beliefs, fear of movement and safety of bending; (3) to investigate self-reported qualitative appraisal of safe lifting. Methods Exploratory cross-sectional study including 67 pain-free participants (no pain, or average pain ≤3/10 for less than one week over the previous 12 months) (52% male), who completed an online survey containing demographic data and self-reported measures of: fear of movement (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for General population – TSK-G), back beliefs (Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire BackPAQ), and bending beliefs (Bending Safety Belief – BSB – a pictorial scale with images of a person bending/lifting with round and straight back postures). Implicit associations between back posture and safety related to bending and lifting were evaluated with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). A qualitative assessment of descriptions of safe lifting was performed. Results An implicit association between “danger” and “round-back” bending/lifting was evident in all participants (IATD-score=0.65 (SD=0.45; 95% CI [0.54, 0.76]). Participants’ profile indicated high fear of movement, unhelpful back beliefs, and perceived danger to round-back bending and lifting (BSBThermometer: 5.2 (SD=3.8; 95% CI [4.26, 6.13] range −10 to 10; t(67)=11.09, p<0.001). There was a moderate correlation between IAT and BSBThermometer (r=0.38, 95% CI [0.16, 0.62]). There were weaker and non-statistically significant correlations between IAT and TSK-G (r=0.28, 95% CI [−0.02, 0.47]), and between IAT and BackPAQDanger (r=0.21, 95% CI [−0.03, 0.45]). Qualitative assessment of safe lifting descriptions indicated that keeping a “straight back” and “squatting” when lifting were the most common themes. Conclusions Pain-free people displayed an implicit bias towards bending and lifting with a “round-back” as dangerous. Our findings support the idea that pain-free people may have a pre-existing belief about lifting, that the back is in danger when rounded. Research to evaluate the relationship between this implicit bias and lifting behaviour is indicated. Implications The findings of this study may have implications for ergonomic guidelines and public health information related to bending and lifting back postures. Additionally, clinicians may need to be aware of this common belief, as this may be reflected in how a person responds when they experience pain.
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Boquimpani, Carla Maria, Tomasz Szczudlo, Estella Mendelson, Katy Benjamin, and Tamás Masszi. "Attitudes and Perceptions of Patients (pts) with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase (CML-CP) Toward Treatment-Free Remission (TFR)." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4547.4547.
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Abstract Background: With effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, CML-CP disease burden can be reduced to minimal levels, and pts with CML-CP can have a life expectancy similar to that of the general population. Current guidelines recommend that pts continue TKI therapy indefinitely; however, in clinical trials (eg, the Stop Imatinib trials), some pts with deep molecular responses were able to suspend therapy and remain in TFR. This qualitative study assessed pt perspectives on CML treatment and TFR. Methods: Adults with CML-CP were recruited via third-party panels and interviewed by telephone (≈ 45 min) by trained staff from Oxford Outcomes using a standardized semistructured interview guide and open-ended questions. Some questions were not asked in all interviews; reported data are based on pts with responses for the indicated topic. Key themes and perceptions about TFR and potential impacts on health-related quality of life were identified by thematic analysis. Basic demographic information was also collected. Results: Of 40 participants, 68% were female and 68% were < 60 y old. Mean ± SD time since CML diagnosis was 5.2 y ± 4.6 y. Current CML treatment was imatinib (53%), dasatinib (25%), nilotinib (15%), or ponatinib (3%); 33% of pts were receiving second- or later-line TKI therapy; others were not receiving therapy due to a physician-supervised medication holiday (3%) or pregnancy (3%). Frequency of blood work (hematology/chemistry and/or molecular monitoring) for CML was every 3 mo for 60% of pts; 23% and 18% of pts had more frequent or less frequent blood work, respectively. Approximately half of pts (55%) had been told they achieved complete molecular response (CMR). Most pts (85%) did not experience/expect any positive physical impacts of CMR, but 68% said it would provide peace of mind that their CML was not progressing. Pts reported a variety of negative impacts of CML treatment, including financial burden (53%), limited ability to perform normal activities (social activities [25%], hobbies/physical activities [18%], work productivity [15%], and/or housework [10%]), and concern about long-term effects on their physical well-being (23%); 35% of pts reported low or no impact of CML treatment on their daily lives. Most pts (75%) reported having medication side effects, most commonly fatigue (60%), bone/joint pain (28%), nausea (18%), and active bowels/gastrointestinal issues (15%). Most pts (77%) said they had some understanding of TFR, and 58% were cautiously positive about attempting TFR. If their physician recommended it, 77% of pts ≥ 60 y old and 52% of pts < 60 y old said they would consider attempting TFR. The most frequently expressed expected positive impacts of TFR were relief of medication side effects (75%), reduced financial burden (58%), convenience (43%), positive emotional impact (43%), and increased activity level (30%). The most frequently expressed concerns about TFR included fear of resistance to therapy upon relapse (90%), low chance of successfully maintaining TFR (45%), emotional response to relapse and re-initiation of therapy (35%), desire for more frequent disease monitoring (33%), and fear of severe side effects upon re-initiation of therapy (33%). Some pts (28%) said their families may not want them to risk their health by attempting TFR. Among pts < 60 y old, 15% expressed concerns about the well-being of dependent children if they were to attempt TFR and relapse. Pts expressed a desire for more long-term data evaluating the safety of TFR in clinical trials. Pts reported a willingness to attempt TFR if there was at least a 10% chance of sustaining TFR for 2 y (range, 10%-100%), and the shortest duration of TFR they found acceptable ranged from “any amount of time” to 7 y. Conclusions: In this qualitative study, pts perceived many potential positive impacts of TFR, with relief of medication side effects being the most frequently expressed. Although TFR clinical trials have shown high rates of response to re-initiation of TKI therapy in pts with molecular relapse, a perceived risk of developing resistance to therapy was the most notable pt concern about TFR, and pts felt more clinical data are needed. Pt responses also revealed the importance of considering family when discussing TFR. With effective education and in the context of a controlled clinical trial, TFR may be an appropriate goal associated with meaningful pt benefits. More research into the pt perspective on TFR is needed. Disclosures Boquimpani: Bristol Myers Squibb: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau. Off Label Use: Current CML treatment recommendations indicate that BCR-ABL TKI therapy should be administered indefinitely, and treatment-free remission (TFR) is an investigational approach that falls outside of current BCR-ABL TKI labels. However, this concept is not new, and promising preliminary results from several clinical trials of TFR have been reported. This abstract does not include any clinical data, but focuses on patient preferences and perceptions of TFR. . Szczudlo:Novartis: Employment, Equity Ownership. Mendelson:Novartis: Employment, Equity Ownership. Benjamin:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Consultancy. Masszi:Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Pudrianisa, Sheila Lestari Giza. "KOMUNIKASI NEGOSIASI INDIVIDU GAY DALAM MEMUTUSKAN VCT SECARA SUKARELA." Jurnal Audience 1, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 174–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/ja.v1i2.2690.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses komunikasi negosiasi individu gaymemutuskan VCT (Voluntary, Counseling and Tasting) serta pendampingan secara sukarela.Informan penelitian adalah LSL yang tergabung dalam Semarang GAY@ Community yang terdiriatas tiga orang LSL negatif dan tiga orang LSL positif. Keluarga, teman dan pacar sesama LSLberpengaruh pada pengambilan keputusan saat proses negosiasi berjalan. Proses komunikasinegosiasi menggunakan tiga pendekatan yaitu framing sebagai posisi tawar, penyusunan pesan sebagai elemen dalam membentuk pesan persuasi, dan mengelola hubungan antara LSL dengan Dinas Kesehatan yang menyediakan layanan tes gratis dan layanan konseling(VCT) rutin, yang ditandai dengan perjanjian tertulis atau penandatangan kontrak sebagaibentuk kesepakatan antara negosiator (petugas kesehatan) dengan narasumber. Penelitianini menghasilkan sikap sukarela karena terdorong rasa tanggung jawab terhadap diri sendiridengan konsep komunikasi negosiasi berulang (multilayer negotiation) menggunakan gayakomunikasi yang berbeda yaitu karena paksaan, imbalan serta rasa penasaran.Kata kunci: Negosiasi berulang, LSL, VCT, ODHAAbstractThis research has purpose to understand a process communication of negotiation guyindividuals decide on VCT (Voluntary, Counseling and Tasting) as well as voluntary colleague.The research information were MSM who joined in Semarang GAY@ community consists thatof three persons negative and three persons positive include family,friends, girl or boy friendof MSM has an effect decision when during negotiation process. The process negotation usesthree approachs such as framing become undisturbed position,composing massage becomeelement and then massage transform persuasi, and can make relationship between MSM andpublic health office that provide service free test and conseling services (VCT), as indicated bya agreement or sign contract as a form of agreement between the negotiator (health worker)and the resource persen. This research can produce a voluntary attitude inasmuch as it shoveda sense of responsibility towards oneself with concept repeatation negotiation communication(multilayer negotiation) can use different communication such as compulsion,wage,andcurious.Keywoards: Multilayer negotiation, MSM, VCT, ODHA.
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Scharf, D. L., E. Zahn, J. R. Reddon, and C. Els. "Staff and Patient Attitudes and Issues Related to the Implementaion of a Comprehensive Smoking Ban in a Psychiatic Facility." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70689-3.
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Aims:The purpose of the study was to evaluate issues related to the implementation of a smoking ban with the aim of improving programs to help patients reduce or quit smoking.Method:At a 410 bed pyschiatric facility, 73 staff and 68 patients completed separate surveys regarding their attitudes towards a smoke-free policy banning all indoor smoking and smoking on the grounds.Results:55.2% of patient respondents smoked cigarettes and 42% of participants who smoked have either reduced tobacco consumption or have quit. Changes in quality of life that were found to be significant were mood, eating habits, outlook on life, and level of restlessness, anxiety, stress, and concentration. Comfort level and alertness did not change significantly. These symptoms are all associated with nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was percieved as being effective in relieving nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Over half of the patients have not discussed tobacco use with a health care professional. Staff expressed mixed attitudes towards the ban and the use of NRTs. Concerns were raised over patients smoking while using NRT in fear of the patient recieving too much nicotine.Conclusion:Given that the deleterious health consequences of smoking are well known and given the high prevalence of smoking in the psychiatric population, extraordinary efforts are required to significantly reduce tobacco consumption. The implication of this research is that education on tobacco reduction options ought to be provided to staff as well as patients. Efforts to reduce tobacco usuage must be incorporated into standard patient care.
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Gianfredi, Vincenza, Alessandro Berti, Marilena D’Amico, Viola De Lorenzo, and Silvana Castaldi. "Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior, Acceptance, and Hesitancy in Relation to the COVID-19 Vaccine among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women: A Systematic Review Protocol." Women 3, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/women3010006.
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A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified at the end of 2019. It swiftly spread all over the world, affecting more than 600 million people and causing over 6 million deaths worldwide. Different COVID-19 vaccines became available by the end of 2020. Healthcare workers and more vulnerable people (such as the elderly and those with comorbidities) were initially prioritized, followed by the entire population, including pregnant and breastfeeding women. Despite the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, a certain level of skepticism was expressed, including among pregnant and breastfeeding women. There were several reasons for this reluctancy, among them, fear of side-effects for both women and fetuses. Nevertheless, acceptance, as well as hesitancy, were time, country and vaccine specific. This review will collect available evidence assessing knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, practice and acceptance/hesitancy of pregnant/breastfeeding women in relation to the COVID-19 vaccination. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and EMBASE databases will be consulted. A predefined search strategy that combines both free text and MESH terms will be used. The systematic review will adhere to the PRISMA guidelines and the results will be reported in both narrative and summary tables. A meta-analysis will be conducted if data are available.
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Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Anastasia Suci Sukmawati, Sri Sunaringsih Ika Wardojo, Margareta Teli, Yoh Kenedy Bere, and Lillian Mwanri. "The Intention of Men Who Have Sex With Men to Participate in Voluntary Counseling and HIV Testing and Access Free Condoms in Indonesia." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 5 (June 1, 2018): 1175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318779737.
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This study aimed to identify factors that influenced the intention of men who have sex with men (MSM) to participate in voluntary counseling and HIV testing (VCT) and in accessing free condoms. A qualitative inquiry using one-on-one in-depth interviews was conducted with MSM participants who were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was guided by a framework analysis for qualitative data by Ritchie and Spencer, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework was used to analyze the data. The findings were grouped into three themes—namely, (a) attitude encompassing knowledge about HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS services and the belief about the positive outcomes of the services; (b) subjective norms including support from MSM peers and family members and motivation to comply with the support; and (c) perceived behavioral control, which is associated with resource availability and having confidence and positive intention to participate in VCT and willingness to access free condoms. Findings indicated that personal, community, and structural factors were predictors to intention to accessing services. Interventions targeting large numbers of MSM population and further studies to understand what needs to be done by nongovernmental organizations and governmental institutions to halt the spread of HIV infections among MSM populations and increase their intention to use HIV/AIDS services are also recommended.
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Toivo, Aini-Kaarin, Mickey Chopra, and Daniel Opotamutale Ashipala. "Perceptions and experiences of pregnant women towards voluntary antenatal counselling and testing in Oshakati hospital, Namibia." International Journal of Healthcare 3, no. 2 (July 10, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijh.v3n2p20.
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Background: The study focused on perceptions and experiences of pregnant women who opted in against those who opted out of voluntary antenatal HIV counseling and testing.Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess pregnant women’s perceptions and experiences in order to gain insight into their views towards voluntary antenatal counseling and testing.Method: A qualitative, descriptive and comparative study was used regarding participants who opted in and opted out. A stratified random sampling was used to collect data from the participants. The study sample comprised six focus group discussions (FGD) of pregnant women who were attending antenatal services at this hospital. Three FGD were women who opted in and other three FGD were for those who opted out. The semi-structure interview guide was used to guide the discussions. The discussions were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed, using thematic content analysis.Results: Based on the findings of the study, the knowledge of pregnant women who opted in was relatively good comparing with those who opted out. Despite the recognition of the benefits of Voluntary antenatal Counselling and Testing (VCT), it was evident that women were reluctant to use the VCT service because of reasons that include fear of being stigmatized, abandoned and discriminated against. The women’s participation in the existing services of voluntary antenatal counseling and testing was influenced by their partners. It was also found that there were misconceptions surrounding the knowledge of the causes and prevention of vertical transmission. These misconceptions should be talked about. The distance was another factor which hampered the participation of pregnant women in the programme. Other reasons for non-attendance given by the participants included dissatisfaction with some of the nurses’ attitudes, ignorance about the service as well as reluctance to be tested.Recommendations: This study recommends improved partner communication on the issues of HIV/AIDS as it will encourage sharing of confidentiality and responsibility.
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Piccirillo, Barbara, and Theodore Gaeta. "Survey on Use of and Attitudes Toward Influenza Vaccination Among Emergency Department Staff in a New York Metropolitan Hospital." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, no. 6 (June 2006): 618–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/504448.
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Objective.Recognizing that the potential transmission of influenza virus would be concentrated at a hospital's primary point of entry, we determined rates of staff compliance with the influenza vaccination recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in the Emergency Department (ED). We describe the basic knowledge concerning influenza transmission and factors influencing vaccination decisions among ED staff.Design.Cross-sectional study.Setting and Participants.A large urban teaching hospital. Participants included ED staff, visiting professionals from other departments, and emergency medical service personnel transferring patients to the hospital.Results.Of 230 surveys that were distributed, 200 were completed. One hundred one respondents (51%) were female. The overall influenza vaccination rate was 50%. Having had influenza previously was the most instrumental factor in whether or not a respondent chose vaccination (P<.001). Use of the Employees Health Services Free Vaccine Program (FVP) was a very important factor influencing whether ED staff sought influenza vaccination (P<.0001). Prior knowledge of the ACIP recommendations proved to be not statistically important (P = .03). A significant factor for respondents declining vaccination was the concern that illness could be caused by the vaccine (P<.0001). Variables such as sex of the respondents (P = .6714) and type of job (P = .3628) were not associated with vaccination.Conclusion.Despite ACIP recommendations, 50% of respondents did not receive an influenza vaccination. Misconceptions regarding influenza vaccine efficacy, concerns about adverse effects, and fear of contracting illness were significantly associated with noncompliance with vaccination. Variables that were important contributors to compliance with vaccination were prior influenza illness and services rendered by the FVP.
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Bielecki, Paweł. "The Christian Attitude Toward Physical Death Based on Gregory the Great’s Homilies on the Gospels." Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej 20 (2021): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/rtk.2021.20.11.
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Man is the only earthly creature who is aware of himself and of the inevitability of his death. Death, as a mystery and inescapable reality, has always been the subject of reflection and research. Popes have also discussed this issue in their teaching.The aim of the article is to present human attitudes toward death in Gregory the Great’s homilies from the fifth and sixth centuries. A textual analysis of these homilies reveals that man should prepare himself for death in such a way that death arouses not fear, but rather joyful entrustment to God. Gregory’s homilies also convey that the decisions that a person makes throughout his lifetime have a powerful impact on the moment of his death. Pope Gregory demonstrates the interdependence of the free decision that man makes at the moment of death and the gift of eternal life with God. The pope proclaims that if someone lives a sinful life, then evil spirits will fight for his soul at the moment of his death. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to put one’s life in order before death and to be safeguarded by the prayer of the community of the Church at the moment of death.
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Wielicka-Regulska, Anna. "The Relationship Between Consumer Behaviour, Attitudes and Acceptance of Public Policy Tools Advancing Sustainable Food Consumption." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 436–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2020-0058.
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Abstract Research background: The great importance of food consumption for the sustainability of food systems means that active public policy in this area can have a lot of positive effects. Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to present the challenges facing the agri-food sector and to study consumer attitudes towards seasonal and organic food, local food, urban agriculture, food waste and meat consumption, carbon footprints and how these attitudes relate to the acceptance of public policy tools (a tax on junk food, a green public procurement, a deposit on plastic bottles, a tax-free donation of food to public benefit organisations, a fee for wasted food for large retailers) that could transform food distribution and consumption. Research methodology: cardinality tables and interdependence analysis using Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient Results: The study revealed that most respondents buy seasonal food when possible and limit meat consumption to some extent. They are rarely influenced by the impact of food on the climate. Most people are in favour of offering dishes based on local food in public institutions with catering (hospitals, schools, prisons, etc.). Most respondents were negative about gardening for food production. Involvement in local food was associated with a higher acceptance for green public procurement and higher VAT on junk food. Novelty: Both the range of considered policy instruments and the analysis of their acceptance in the context of selected behaviours and attitudes have not been previously studied and make up a new area of inquiry essential in the debate on sustainable food consumption.
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Nguyen, Anne Xuan-Lan, Xuan-Vi Trinh, Sophia Y. Wang, and Albert Y. Wu. "Determination of Patient Sentiment and Emotion in Ophthalmology: Infoveillance Tutorial on Web-Based Health Forum Discussions." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): e20803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20803.
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Background Clinical data in social media are an underused source of information with great potential to allow for a deeper understanding of patient values, attitudes, and preferences. Objective This tutorial aims to describe a novel, robust, and modular method for the sentiment analysis and emotion detection of free text from web-based forums and the factors to consider during its application. Methods We mined the discussion and user information of all posts containing search terms related to a medical subspecialty (oculoplastics) from MedHelp, the largest web-based platform for patient health forums. We used data cleaning and processing tools to define the relevant subset of results and prepare them for sentiment analysis. We executed sentiment and emotion analyses by using IBM Watson Natural Language Understanding to generate sentiment and emotion scores for the posts and their associated keywords. The keywords were aggregated using natural language processing tools. Results Overall, 39 oculoplastic-related search terms resulted in 46,381 eligible posts within 14,329 threads. Posts were written by 18,319 users (117 doctors; 18,202 patients) and included 201,611 associated keywords. Keywords that occurred ≥500 times in the corpus were used to identify the most prominent topics, including specific symptoms, medication, and complications. The sentiment and emotion scores of these keywords and eligible posts were analyzed to provide concrete examples of the potential of this methodology to allow for a better understanding of patients’ attitudes. The overall sentiment score reflects a positive, neutral, or negative sentiment, whereas the emotion scores (anger, disgust, fear, joy, and sadness) represent the likelihood of the presence of the emotion. In keyword grouping analyses, medical signs, symptoms, and diseases had the lowest overall sentiment scores (−0.598). Complications were highly associated with sadness (0.485). Forum posts mentioning body parts were related to sadness (0.416) and fear (0.321). Administration was the category with the highest anger score (0.146). The top 6 forum subgroups had an overall negative sentiment score; the most negative one was the Neurology forum, with a score of −0.438. The Undiagnosed Symptoms forum had the highest sadness score (0.448). The least likely fearful posts were those from the Eye Care forum, with a score of 0.260. The overall sentiment score was much more negative before the doctor replied. The anger, disgust, fear, and sadness emotion scores decreased in likelihood, whereas joy was slightly more likely to be expressed after doctors replied. Conclusions This report allows physicians and researchers to efficiently mine and perform sentiment analysis on social media to better understand patients’ perspectives and promote patient-centric care. Important factors to be considered during its application include evaluating the scope of the search; selecting search terms and understanding their linguistic usages; and establishing selection, filtering, and processing criteria for posts and keywords tailored to the desired results.
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Phung, Minh Tung, Pham Le An, Lilah Khoja, Pham Duong Uyen Binh, Hong H. T. C. Le, Karen McLean, Bhramar Mukherjee, Rafael Meza, Alice W. Lee, and Celeste Leigh Pearce. "Abstract A113: Insight into cervical cancer prevention awareness, experiences, and attitudes among Southern Vietnamese women." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 1_Supplement (January 1, 2023): A113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-a113.
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Abstract Background At least 80% of new cervical cancer cases and deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Vietnam is a middle-income country where cervical cancer is the second most common and the deadliest gynecologic cancer. Cervical cancer incidence in Southern Vietnam has been shown to be 1.5-4 times higher than that in Northern Vietnam. However, less than 10% of Southern Vietnamese women have received the Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and only 50% have ever been screened for cervical cancer. No study has examined the perceptions toward cervical cancer prevention and screening in Southern Vietnamese women. Hence, this study aimed to explore cervical cancer awareness, barriers to screening, and acceptability of HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening among rural and urban women in Southern Vietnam. Methods In October-November 2021, three focus groups were conducted in the rural district of Can Gio (n=21 participants) and three were conducted in the urban District Four (n=23 participants) in Ho Chi Minh City, Southern Vietnam. All participants were cervical cancer-free women aged 30-65 years. Awareness of, attitudes toward, and experience with cervical cancer prevention and screening were explored using audio-recorded, semi-structured discussions in Vietnamese. During the focus groups, participants also watched four short videos with Vietnamese subtitles and voiceover about cervical cancer screening methods and discussed their views on each. The recordings were transcribed, translated into English, and coded and analyzed using Dedoose 9.0.46. Results Four main themes emerged. First, women showed low awareness, but high acceptance of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination. Second, screening barriers were related to logistics (e.g., cost, time, travel distance), psychology (e.g., fear of pain, embarrassment, fear of the test revealing they had cancer), and healthcare providers (e.g., doctors’ impolite manners, male doctors). Third, women were concerned about self-sampling incorrectly and pain, but believed HPV self-sampling to be a feasible screening tool in some circumstances (e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic, those living in remote areas). Fourth, women related cervical cancer prevention to COVID-19 prevention; they believed strategies that have been successful for COVID-19 control in Vietnam could be applied to cervical cancer. No differences in themes emerged by rural/urban areas. Conclusions Southern Vietnamese women showed low awareness but high acceptance of cervical cancer screening despite barriers. Strategies for successful COVID-19 control in Vietnam, including campaigns to increase public awareness, advocacy from the government and doctors, and efforts to increase access to screening and vaccination, should be applied to cervical cancer control. Health education programs to address HPV self-sampling concerns and promote it as a cervical cancer screening tool are warranted given its potential to improve screening uptake in this low-resource setting. Citation Format: Minh Tung Phung, Pham Le An, Lilah Khoja, Pham Duong Uyen Binh, Hong H.T.C. Le, Karen McLean, Bhramar Mukherjee, Rafael Meza, Alice W. Lee, Celeste Leigh Pearce. Insight into cervical cancer prevention awareness, experiences, and attitudes among Southern Vietnamese women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A113.
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Lemesle, P., L. Poulain, X. Grapton, and N. Bouhedja. "AB0659 THE LOCKDOWN REPERCUSSION ON THE RHEUMATOLOGIST’S LIFE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1362.2–1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.862.
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Background:We have just experienced an exceptional period of time and it seemed interesting to know what this particular time of isolation in a population of rheumatologists has brought aboutObjectives:To analyze what the doctor felt in his personal and professional life as a result of the crisis. To determine the reactions, feelings and attitudes that may have emerged during these weeks of confinement.Methods:38 private practice rheumatologists from the Ile-de-France region, average age 63 yo, 58% male (M). 13 questions, 9 appendices, ranking of the most frequently cited reactionsResults:3 feelings stand out: anger 71-84%, fear of being contaminated and of transmitting M 91/F 69%, concern about an unknown pandemic M 86/F69%.Anger at the indifference to the exposure of doctors in the city 84%, the unpreparedness of the authorities M 95/F 62%, the mortality in EHPAD (Nursing homes) 81%, the media cacophony 79%, the hidden reality 71%.On a personal level, according to 61%, the Rh is not anxious about the world after, has no psychological repercussions (sleep, melancholy, etc.) 58% and his degree of commitment was guilt-free 55%.Professionally: perplexity in the face of the contradictions of experts and scientific journals 79%, wide acceptance of constraints in the practice (10h/d mask wearing, 92%, spaced reception of patients 95%, education of barrier gestures 97%), adaptation of the exercise (teleconsultation, telephone consultation) 78%, fear of abandoning treatment or diagnostic delay M82/F62%, financial arrangements necessary M86/F53%.For M: worries about the pandemic, anger and uncertainty about what will happen next predominate in this order. For F, anger (untruths and lack of means) is the main feeling. Anger, fear and uncertainty are the most frequently cited feelingsConclusion:The Rh at the end of this period of confinement is worried M>F and anger especially in front of the sanitary unpreparedness M>F. On a personal level the private life has been little affected F>M and he has been able to adapt professionally. Nevertheless, the de-confinement has not been a banal return to normal 63% M= F.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Mariti, Chiara, Federica Pirrone, Mariangela Albertini, Angelo Gazzano, and Silvana Diverio. "Familiarity and Interest in Working with Livestock Decreases the Odds of Having Positive Attitudes towards Non-Human Animals and Their Welfare among Veterinary Students in Italy." Animals 8, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8090150.
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We investigated the attitudes of veterinary students towards animals and their welfare in Italy. Regression analyses revealed predictors that are significant in differentiating students’ scoring tendency based on their gender, familiarity, and intention to work with a specific animal species, type of diet, and membership in an animal rights association. Female students, who were mostly familiar with pets and aspired to work with species other than livestock, following an animal-free diet and being a member of an animal rights association, had a significantly greater odds of having a high Animal Attitude Scale score (AAS), i.e., very positive attitude towards animals, versus a less positive attitude. Conversely, the familiarity with livestock and preference for working with livestock significantly increased the odds of a low AAS. Overall, students considered all of the Brambell Report’s Five Freedoms important for animal welfare protection. However, students scored higher for companion animals than for livestock, particularly regarding the freedom to express normal behaviour and the absence of fear and distress. This study suggests that veterinary students place less importance on the psychological aspects of welfare for livestock, and there is a tendency for students who are mostly familiar, or aspire to work, with livestock to have a less positive attitude towards non-human animals and their welfare. These findings should be considered within the veterinary educational curriculum due to their potential impact on animal welfare.
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Wilson, Karen M., Michelle R. Torok, Robert C. McMillen, Jonathan D. Klein, Douglas E. Levy, and Jonathan P. Winickoff. "Tobacco-Smoke Incursions and Satisfaction Among Residents With Children in Multiunit Housing, United States, 2013." Public Health Reports 132, no. 6 (October 4, 2017): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354917732767.
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Objectives: Residents of multiunit housing can be exposed to tobacco smoke even if they do not permit smoking in their homes. Although even low levels of tobacco smoke exposure can cause health problems for children and adults, some landlords are reluctant to ban smoking for fear of decreased occupancy rates or tenant satisfaction. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of tobacco smoke-free policies and tobacco-smoke incursions on housing satisfaction in multiunit housing residences with children. Methods: In 2013, 3696 randomly sampled US adult multiunit housing dwellers were invited to participate in a survey, and 3253 (88%) participated. Of these, 3128 responded to the question about having a child in the home, and 835 (27%) reported having a child in the home. We collected data on demographic characteristics, tobacco-smoke incursions, knowledge and attitudes about smoking policies, and housing satisfaction for this sample of 835 residents. Results: Of the 827 residents who responded to the question, 755 (91.3%) agreed that tenants have a right to live in a tobacco smoke-free building. Although 672 of 835 (80.5%) residents were not cigarette smokers, most lived where smoking was permitted in the units (n = 463, 56.9%) or on the property (n = 571, 70.5%). Of 580 non-cigarette smoking residents who lived where no one had smoked cigarettes in the home for the past 3 months, 144 (25.2%) reported a recent tobacco-smoke incursion. Of these 144 residents, 143 (99%) were bothered. Few (36/143, 25.2%) complained to the landlord. Reasons for not complaining were reluctance to upset neighbors or concern about retaliation. Tobacco-smoke incursions and housing/landlord satisfaction were inversely related ( P < .05). Conclusion: Multiunit housing residents living with children in the United States strongly support smoke-free multiunit housing.
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Khamitov, Nazip, Svitlana Krylova, and Olena Romanova. "The Choice of Love and the Numinous: Existential and Gender Contexts." Filosofiya-Philosophy 31, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/phil2022-01-05.
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The authors of the article analyze the influence of the numinous as an existential state and the structure of the unconscious, which causes sacred amazement and fear in a person on the choice of love in its gender-based manifestations. On the basis of the methodological strategy of metaanthropology, the choice of love is conceptualized in the ordinary, the ultimate and the transcendent existential dimensions of human being, which correspond to the ordinary, the personal and the philosophical worldview. In the methodological coordinates of C. Jung's psychoanalysis, the manifestations of the numinous in the archetypes of Anima and Animus and their influence on the decisive manifestation of love in the life of a man and a woman during the formation of a worldview are investigated. The actualization of the philosophical worldview, in which there is a free maturation of ideals, values, the destruction of outdated worldview attitudes and the establishment of a new being, leads to the integrity of the personality and the unity of individuals in love and co-creation. Under the influence of this, the emphasis in the numinous changes from horrible to sacred. This leads to worldview freedom in the choice of love, which becomes truly humanistic and constructive.
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Dotson, Mary Elizabeth, Mercy Asiedu, and Nimmi Ramanujam. "Speculum-Free Callascope for Cervical Self-Visualization: Acceptability, Feasibility, and Improved Awareness of the Reproductive System." JCO Global Oncology 6, Supplement_1 (July 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.46000.
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PURPOSE Invasive cervical cancer is preventable, yet it affects 500,000 women worldwide each year, and more than one half these women die. Barriers to cervical cancer screening include a lack of awareness of cervical cancer and the cervix, fear of the speculum, and lack of women-centric technologies. We developed a low-cost (approximately $50), cervix-imaging device called the Callascope, which consists of an imaging component, camera, and inserter that obviates the need for a speculum and enables self-insertion. Studies are lacking regarding women’s willingness to independently image their cervix and women’s ability to effectively use the Callascope for self-imaging. METHODS We conducted two studies: in-depth interviews to assess the willingness to self-image the cervix, perceptions of the Callascope, and knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward cervical cancer screening; and home-based self-cervix imaging with the Callascope where women recorded an audio reflection on their experience. RESULTS Participants in interviews (n = 12) and home study (n = 12) all indicated a preference for the Callascope over the speculum. Interview data demonstrated that 53% of participants had little knowledge of basic reproductive anatomy, and only 17% of participants understood that human papillomavirus was a direct cause of cervical cancer. Self-exam data showed that 83% of participants were able to visualize their cervix with the Callascope on the first try and 100% were able to do so by the end of the study. Of participants, 100% indicated that the home exam was an empowering and informative experience. CONCLUSION The Callascope is more comfortable than the speculum and women are able to successfully image their cervices from home without the need for a speculum. With improved diagnostic capabilities, the Callascope could be used by medical providers for clinical exams, particularly in low-resource settings, as a low-cost and more comfortable alternative to the SOC. The Callascope enables home self-screening for cervical cancer and a better understanding of one’s body, which could make screening more accessible in low-resource settings.
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Lawn, Sharon, Angela Hehir, Devon Indig, Shani Prosser, Shona Macleod, and Adrian Keller. "Evaluation of a totally smoke-free forensic psychiatry in-patient facility: practice and policy implications." Australian Health Review 38, no. 4 (2014): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13200.
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Objective To evaluate the impact of implementing a smoke-free policy in an Australian high-security forensic psychiatry in-patient hospital. Methods Focus groups (n = 21) and surveys with both patients (n = 45) and staff (n = 111; 53.2% nurses) elicited participants’ experience of and attitudes towards an introduced smoke-free policy. A follow-up survey elicited the impact of the policy on 15 patients’ smoking practice after discharge. Results Eighty-five per cent of patients stated it was easier to quit smoking when no one else smoked. Over half the discharged patients surveyed (58%) continued to not smoke after discharge, despite almost half the staff (41%) perceiving that patients were unlikely to quit long-term. Smoking staff were significantly more pessimistic than non-smoking staff. Many patients (69%) perceived that their health had improved as a result of not smoking. Most staff (80%) viewed nicotine dependence treatment as important, but fewer (66%) felt confident to support patients to stop smoking. Increased patient violence and management difficulties expected by staff were not realised. Conclusions A smoke-free policy can be successfully implemented in forensic psychiatry in-patient units. Nursing staff are a large and important group who need particular support to implement a smoke-free policy into practice effectively, particularly those who are smokers. Continuity of care as part of a coordinated policy and service response is needed. What is known about the topic? Healthcare settings are increasingly going totally smoke free, with mental health facilities the slowest to implement these policy changes. This is due, in part, to the fear of possible increases in violence and aggression among a patient population who have a high prevalence of smoking. What does this paper add? This paper adds to the evidence base that implementing a smoke-free policy in mental health in-patient hospitals is not only feasible, but also has substantial benefits for both staff and patients. In particular, it highlights the policy and practice implications that can assist mental health facilities to go smoke free. What are the implications for practitioners? A smoke-free policy can be successfully implemented in forensic psychiatry in-patient units; however, more support and education for staff is needed to increase their confidence and capacity to implement the policy consistently across service domains.
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Mota, Alberto. "Atopic Dermatitis: Perspectives and Attitudes of Adult Patients and Affected Child Caregivers Assessed by Focus Group." Journal of the Portuguese Society of Dermatology and Venereology 76, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.29021/spdv.76.4.975.
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Introduction: Important dimensions such as personal experiences, attitudes toward disease, its causes and treatments, are not fully addressed in clinical trials. Focus group (FG) has emerged as an interesting and valuable tool in clinical research complementing this gap. The aim of this qualitative research was to assess in both caregivers and patients dealing with atopic dermatitis (AD) their attitudes, personal experiences and perspectives toward the disease and its topical treatment as well as the impact in quality of life (QoL).Material and Methods: For discussion sessions, 10 caregivers of children and 10 adult patients were recruited. Two sessions of FG took place with 3 main themes discussed: perspectives toward AD, topical treatments and the impact in QoL. All activities were recorded in video and the discussions and notes were then transcribed to a document, followed by transcripts analysis.Results: The best descriptive feelings in the moment of diagnosis where “concern” (30%) and “quality of life” (30%) for caregivers and patients, respectively. The actual “positive” emotion or state of mind toward the disease was “overcoming” for caregivers (21%) and “control” for patients (17%). The main “negative or neutral” emotion was “fear” for caregivers (13%) and “resignation” for patients (18%), but when projecting to their child, “frustration” (19%) was the most mentioned. In relation to topical treatments, the mean global satisfaction of caregivers was high for tacrolimus (8.5/10), except in the item “price”. In the case of patients, corticosteroids received a better score (8.0/10), with exception for “tolerability/adverse effects”. Features like “preventive treatment with reduction of flares” and “free of cortisone” were important for both participants in an “ideal topical medicine” setting. All participants showed high levels of negative impact in their QoL due to AD, with 47% and 64.6% considering scores of “very much” and “a lot” of interference, respectively.Conclusion: Qualitative studies in AD by FG are scarce and to our knowledge this is the first one gathering both adult patients and caregivers. The dimensions yielded by this approach are useful to complement data retrieved from clinical trials and to drive decisions from researchers and health authorities.
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Al-Shiyab, Ahmed Abdelhalim, and Raed Ismail Ababneh. "Consequences of workplace violence behaviors in Jordanian public hospitals." Employee Relations 40, no. 3 (April 3, 2018): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-02-2017-0043.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the consequences of workplace violence against healthcare staff in Jordanian public hospitals. Design/methodology/approach A convenient sample included 334 physicians and nurses employed in eight different public hospitals, different departments and different working shifts were surveyed by filling the designed questionnaire. Findings The findings indicated workplace violence had a clear moderate impact on the respondents’ interaction with patients, performing work responsibilities, ability of making decisions, and professional career. The most frequent workplace violence consequences were damaging staff’s personality and prestige, increasing laziness and unwillingness to serve patients. Workplace violence consequences also included aggressive behavior, fear while dealing with patients, increase job insecurity, and lack of professional responsibility. In addition, demographic variables such as gender, education, job title, working shift, and income showed statistical significant differences in the attitudes of participants toward the consequences of workplace violence. Practical implications This study highlighted the necessity of healthcare policy makers and hospital administrators to establish violence free and safe working environments in order to retain qualified healthcare staff that in turn improves the health services quality. Originality/value There is a lack of research and documentation on violence in the healthcare settings in developing countries. This study is one of the first to examine the consequences of workplace violence that affect public physicians and nurses.
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Cho, Eunjoo, Zola K. Moon, and Tiffany Bounkhong. "A qualitative study on motivators and barriers affecting entrepreneurship among Latinas." Gender in Management: An International Journal 34, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 326–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-07-2018-0096.
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PurposeThe study aims to explore motivators and barriers in business venture creation among potential Latina entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approachFocus group interviews collected data using Latinas between the ages of 20-30 who expressed interest in starting their own businesses in the near future. Interview participants were primarily first-generation college students.FindingsFindings revealed major themes based around four dimensions of cultural heritage, motivators, barriers and preferred resources. Cultural heritage and gender are both enablers and obstacles for Latinas. Frequently mentioned motivators were parental business ownership, autonomy, flexible income and self-fulfillment. The barriers include fear, lack of financial management knowledge, business location selection and discrimination. The preferred resources were informal education, a checklist, a toolkit, free online resources and networking with business owners and mentors.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study highlight pull factors (i.e. family business background and self-fulfillment) increasing entrepreneurial motivations among Latinas. The present study illustrates the nuanced but substantive interactions of gender and ethnicity in Latinas’ perceptions and attitudes toward new business formation.Originality/valueThe present study contributes to the literature by exploring the motivators and barriers that affect business formation among emerging Latina entrepreneurs. Moreover, past research has not explored both motivators and barriers perceived by nascent Latina entrepreneurs. Findings from this study will assist future researchers in developing materials and programs to aid female and ethnic entrepreneurship.
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Hopker, Andy, Naveen Pandey, Rosie Bartholomew, Abigail Blanton, Sophie Hopker, Aniruddha Dhamorikar, Jadumoni Goswami, Rebecca Marsland, Prakash Metha, and Neil Sargison. "Livestock vaccination programme participation among smallholder farmers on the outskirts of National Parks and Tiger Reserves in the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and Assam." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 27, 2021): e0256684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256684.
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Effective livestock vaccination has the potential to raise prosperity and food security for the rural poor in low and middle income countries. To understand factors affecting access to vaccination services, and guide future policy, smallholder farmers in three locations in India were questioned about vaccination of their cattle and buffalo, with particular reference to foot and mouth disease (FMD), haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) and blackquarter (BQ). In the three regions 51%, 50%, and 31% of respondents reported vaccinating their livestock; well below any threshold for effective population level disease control. However, within the third region, 65% of respondents in villages immediately surrounding the Kaziranga National Park reported vaccinating their cattle. The majority of respondents in all three regions were aware of FMD and HS, awareness of BQ was high in the Kanha and Bandhavgarh regions, but much lower in the Kaziranga region. The majority of respondents had positive attitudes to vaccination; understood vaccination protected their animals from specific diseases; and wished to immunise their livestock. There was no significant association between the age or gender of respondent and the immunisation of their livestock. Common barriers to immunisation were: negative attitudes to vaccination; lack of awareness of date and time of vaccination events; and difficulty presenting animals. Poor access to vaccination services was significantly associated with not vaccinating livestock. Fear of adverse reactions to vaccines was not significantly associated with not vaccinating livestock. Respondents who reported that vets or animal health workers (AHWs) were their main source of animal health knowledge were significantly more likely to have immunised their livestock in the last twelve months. Participants cited poor communication from vaccinators as problematic, both in publicising immunisation programmes, and explaining the purpose of vaccination. Where vaccinations were provided free of charge, farmers commonly displayed passive attitudes to accessing vaccination services, awaiting organised “immunisation drives” rather than seeking vaccination themselves. Based on these findings the following recommendations are made to improve participation and effectiveness of immunisation programmes. Programmes should be planned to integrate with annual cycles of: disease risk, agricultural activity, seasonal climate, social calendar of villages; and maximise efficiency for vaccinators. Dates and times of immunisation in each village must be well publicised, as respondents frequently reported missing the vaccinators. Relevant farmer education should precede immunisation programmes to mitigate against poor knowledge or negative attitudes. Immunisation drives must properly engage beneficiaries, particularly ensuring that services are accessible to female livestock keepers, and sharing some responsibilities with local farmers. Payment of a small monetary contribution by animal keepers could be considered to encourage responsibility for disease prevention, making vaccination an active process by farmers.
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Woods, Noel, Helen Whelton, Tara Crowley, Ian Stephenson, and Mary Ormbsy. "An aging population – have we got an Oral Health Policy?" Volume 1 Issue 1 (2009) 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/ijpp.1.1.3.
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This paper highlights the impact of an aging population on the oral health of the elderly and to recommend policy measures to address the oral health inequities experienced by older people. It analyses data based on examinations carried out in the National Survey of Adult Oral Health on a sample of 714 adults aged 65 and older using commonly used parameters of dental health. The survey consisted of a clinical oral examination, a detailed questionnaire to establish behaviour patterns and attitudes, and focus group discussions to establish broader health and quality of life issues. The survey found that 65 per cent of the elderly had a medical card and thus were eligible for free dental services. However, just 14 per cent availed of the service even though 79 per cent had a clinical need for treatment. Over 20 per cent never visit the dentist and only 44 percent attend the dentist regularly. Older people were not well informed of the oral health needs and tended to visit the dentist for symptomatic reasons. Barriers to care included reduced morbidity, cost of transport, and fear of the dentist. It concludes that oral health promotion is required to raise awareness of oral health and of the Dental Treatment Services Scheme (DTSS) entitlements, promotion by other healthcare professionals and carers who are in frequent contact with older people, the provision of domiciliary care for those who cannot access clinic-based services and integration between the dental profession and medical profession.
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Carvalho, Marina, Catia Branquinho, and Margarida Gaspar De Matos. "Bullies, Victims and Provocative Victims in Context: Discriminant Factors in a Portuguese Adolescent Sample." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 20 (July 31, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n20p23.
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Context: With strong and serious impacts on health and individual well-being, bullying presents itself as one of the most traumatic experiences at school age. Objective: analyse the differences between bullies, victims and provocative-victims for individual, relational, school and contextual factors. Design: cross-sectional study based on the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Results: Bullies reported consuming more tobacco and drugs, but less alcohol, when compared to victims and provocative-victims. Bullies also reported being more involved and having more security feelings at school, better relationships with their peers, being better accepted by the peers, and more positive attitudes, compared to victims and provocative-victims; which reported more fear, sadness, rejection feelings, and also, more withdrawal at school. Group differences were also found in the time spent with friends in everyday life, nigh outs and well-being, with bullies presenting the higher odds. Provocative-victims reported involving more in fights than victims. Otherwise, bullies reported making friends more easily and spending more time with friends after school. Conclusions: Given the different characteristics and impacts of bullying on victims, bullies and provocative-victims, it is essential to consider the interrelations of groups and focus on a more engaging perspective, based on an ecological intervention model. A strong argument is also made related to the need to include young people participation in the definition of public policies to prevent peer related violence, as well as a need to focus not only in the prevention of peer related violence, but also to focus on violence-free, positive relationships
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Jefferson, Tony. "What is Racism? Othering, Prejudice and Hate-motivated Violence." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v4i4.261.
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The paper’s concern is the current difficulty, in journalism, the academy and politics, of discussing questions to do with race, ethnicity, difference and immigration because of the fear of being called a racist. It starts with an analysis of biographical interview data drawn from fifteen people who had variously acquired the label racist and who were part of a small-scale study into racism in the Midlands city of Stoke-on-Trent, UK conducted between 2003 and 2005. The interviews used the free association narrative interview method. This analysis revealed that most people do not consider themselves racist and that having a conviction for a racially aggravated offence or being a member of a far right organisation was not able to differentiate racists from non-racists. It also revealed a spectrum of attitudes towards immigrants or particular ethnic groups: strong expressions of hatred at one end of the spectrum; strong prejudicial feelings in the middle; and a feeling that ‘outsider’ groups should not benefit at the expense of ‘insiders’ (called ‘othering’) at the other end. The turn to theory for assistance revealed that, although hatred, prejudice and ‘othering’ are not the same thing, and do not have the same origins, they have become elided. This is primarily because cognitive psychology’s hostility to psychoanalysis marginalised hatred whilst its exclusive preoccupation with prejudice came effectively to define racism at the individual level. Progress in thinking about racism might consist of abolishing the term and returning to thinking about hatred, prejudice and ‘othering’ separately.
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Saidin, Mohd Irwan Syazli. "The Arab Spring Through Malaysian Youth ‘Eyes’: Knowledge, Perceptions and Influences." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0012.
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AbstractThis paper examines the attitude of Malaysian youth towards the ‘Arab Spring’ events in the Middle East and North Africa. In particular, it explores the knowledge and perceptions of a selected young generation in Malaysia towards the ‘Arab Spring’ as well as considering how the events influence their attitudes towards regime change, democracy and political stability. The major involvement of Malaysian youth in a series of mass protests (“BERSIH”) against the ruling government, were perceived by numerous local and foreign journalists as an attempt to create a “Malaysian Spring”. However, there have been strong opinions voiced by the Malaysian authorities suggesting that there was no basis for presuming an ‘Arab Spring’ impact in the context of the Malaysian experience. This raises the question of the relationship between the ‘Arab Spring’ and Malaysian youth. In so doing, both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied through a questionnaire based-survey involving 607 respondents as well as 10 in-depth interviews with selected Malaysian youth leaders. The outcome of this research shows that a number of youth believing that they were inspired by the acts of mass street protests during the ‘Arab Spring’. However, the fear of political instability which is currently evident in the post-Arab Spring led to some respondents favouring political stability rather than regime change. Overall, this empirical research found that the majority of Malaysian youth are supportive of a free and democratic election as a relevant medium for political change, rather than overthrowing the current regime via civil disobedience.
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Song, Joon Young, Cheong Won Park, Hye Won Jeong, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim, and Sung Ran Kim. "Effect of A Hospital Campaign for Influenza Vaccination of Healthcare Workers." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, no. 6 (June 2006): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/504503.
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Objective.To identify the factors that inhibit or motivate influenza vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs).Methods.In March 2000, we prepared 34-item questionnaire for both vaccine recipients and nonrecipients regarding demographic characteristics, factors motivating and inhibiting vaccination, and knowledge and attitudes about influenza vaccination. On the basis of the results of our survey, an aggressive hospital vaccination campaign was undertaken. In April 2004, after the 4-year campaign, the same questionnaire was again administered to HCWs.Results.In both 2000 and 2004, the main motives for undergoing influenza vaccination were “hospital campaign” and “recommendation by colleagues”; the percentage of respondents who were motivated by the hospital campaign had remarkably increased from 27% in 2000 to 52% in 2004 (P<.001), whereas the percentage who were motivated by recommendation by colleagues had not changed significantly (21% vs 14%). Qverall, the 4 reasons most frequently cited by HCWs for noncompliance with vaccination were insufficient available time, confidence in their health, doubt about vaccine efficacy, and fear of injection. In 2000, vaccination rates were below 30%, irrespective of occupation. After an aggressive vaccination campaign, the increase in the vaccination rate was highest among the nursing staff, increasing from 21% in 2000 to 92% in 2004, whereas the vaccination rate among the physicians was still below 60%.Conclusion.We conclude that a hospital campaign can markedly improve influenza vaccination rates among HCWs. Both a mobile cart system and free vaccine supply contributed to improving the vaccination rates in our study. In addition, a specifically tailored intervention strategy was required.
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Porzig-Drummond, Renata. "‘Help, not punishment’: Moving on from physical punishment of children." Children Australia 40, no. 1 (March 2015): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2014.47.
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Although the physical punishment of children is overall an ineffective disciplining strategy, has adverse long-term psychological effects, and carries the risk of physical punishment escalating into child abuse, parental physical punishment is lawful in all Australian states and territories within the bounds of lawful correction or reasonable chastisement. What is considered to be reasonable is open to considerable interpretation, which further increases the risk of physical harm to children. Physical punishment of children also contravenes the United NationsConvention on the Rights of the Child, which Australia has ratified. Although more effective disciplining strategies, such as cognitive-behavioural parenting strategies, are available and have been advocated by professional organisations, the vast majority of Australian parents condone parental physical punishment of children and are opposed to its prohibition. Predictors for this stance include perceived social norms, the belief that physically punishing children is an effective disciplining strategy and a parent's right, a perceived absence of alternative parenting strategies, and fear of prosecution if physical punishment were to be banned. Countries that have phased out the physical punishment of children have demonstrated that, to encourage a shift in parental attitudes and behaviours, public awareness about the detrimental effects of physical punishment and the effectiveness of alternative disciplining strategies needs to be raised. Additionally, parents require support through free and convenient access to evidence-based parenting programmes that promote alternative disciplining strategies; and the defence of lawful correction needs to be repealed, with the aim of setting a new standard, as well as education rather than prosecution.
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Trubnikova, Nadezhda N., Maya V. Babkova, and Maria S. Kolyada. "Konjaku Monogatari-shūin the History of Japanese Religious Philosophy." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 2 (2021): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-2-154-164.
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The article summarizes the results of the historical and philosophical research “Collection of ancient stories” (Konjaku monogatari-shū, 1120s). This largest Japanese collection of setsuwa tales paints a picture of world history from the era of Buddha to the age of mappō, “Decline of Buddhist Teaching”, tracing the milestones in the spread of Buddhism in India, China and Japan. The two most important Buddhist attitudes – the world is impermanent and at the same time each event is embedded into a universal system of cause-and-effect relationships – are reflected not only at the level of the content of an individual story, but also at the level of connecting stories into a holistic narrative. All events have instructive educative? meaning; everyday experience always leads to the same conclusions as the teachings of Buddha. In this experience, a person inevitably makes some connections – with other people, living and dead, with animals and spirits, gods and buddhas – and these connections involving this person in the cycle of birth and death, if properly understood, provide the basis for liberation. The narrator draws a line between a proper and an inappropriate understanding of what is happening, talking about the “immeasurable” (grief, joy, fear, etc.), and thus allows the readers to find the “measure”, kagiri, in their relation to what is happening. The march of time can be understood both as a general movement from the best to the worst, and – on small intervals – as a reverse movement from grief to happiness, from misunderstanding to understanding. A person is free to choose which events to keep in memory and which to forget; people make this choice whilst instructive storytelling, and setsuwa tradition preserves it.
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Schmid, Thomas, Falk Hoffmann, Michael Dörks, and Kathrin Jobski. "Nurse-Filled versus Pharmacy-Filled Medication Organization Devices—Survey on Current Practices and Views of Home Care Nursing Services." Healthcare 10, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040620.
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Medication organization devices (MODs) are widely used among home care nursing services. However, current practices such as the responsibility for filling MODs, different MOD types used and requirements of home care nursing services are largely unknown. The study aimed at analyzing home care nursing services’ current practices regarding MOD use, investigating their requirements and determining whether different practices met these requirements. A survey was administered online to German home care nursing services in February 2021. The importance of requirements and the extent of satisfaction were measured using a five-point scale. Attitudes towards disposable, pharmacy-filled MODs were recorded as free text. In total, 690 nursing services responded (67.5% privately owned and 34.5% based in large cities), 92.2% filled MODs themselves and used predominantly reusable, rigid MODs. Pharmacies filling MODs used primarily disposable MODs. Satisfaction with current practices was generally high. Respondents filling MODs themselves were more satisfied with nurses’ medication knowledge, but less satisfied with cost effectiveness than those who had pharmacies fill MODs. Of all respondents filling MODs themselves who expressed an opinion on disposable, pharmacy-filled MODs, 50.9% were skeptical, primarily due to fear of losing flexibility. However, no difference in satisfaction with flexibility was found between respondents filling MODs themselves and those using pharmacy-filled MODs. In conclusion, employment of MODs in the professional care setting is a complex task with nursing services as key constituents. There is potential for improvement in the inter-professional collaboration between pharmacies and home care nursing services on the use of MODs. Measures for improvement have to address home care nursing services’ requirements with respect to flexibility and medication knowledge.
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Szymkiewicz, Aleksy. "Identity, place and values. On construction and internalization of festival normalities on the examples of music festivals in Poland." Journal of Urban Ethnology 19 (December 20, 2021): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/jue19.2021.010.
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The aim of this paper is to compare of how two different festivals stimulate specific norms and perceptions, and therefore to present the way in which the visions of the festival cities are reproduced by the festival audience based on the axio-normative orders contained in the missions of the events. Based on the shared symbols and life strategies promoted by festivals, participants (re)build their identity which they manifest in chosen cultural practices. The article attempt to answer the following question: what is shared by festival-goers? Are the main motivations for participating in the vent due to shared musical tastes or also specific values and lifestyles, and consequently a common identity? It has been shown that the values promoted during festivals are declared by their organizers – they are present in the visual identification, seminars, workshops, etc. Festivals create their narratives based on symbols such as logos, attitude smartphones, or festival slogans which contain condensed axio-normative systems that create the boundaries of the community. It influencesthe behavior of festival goers: the city’s vision, ways of spending free time, and their identity. The places where the fieldwork was conducted were: “Henryk Rasiewicz National Festival of Unbreakable and Independent Songs in Kraków”, “Ostróda Reggae Festiva” in Ostróda, and the “Song of Our RootsFestival” in Jarosław.
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Coopamootoo, Kovila P. L., and Thomas Groß. "Why Privacy Is All But Forgotten." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2017, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2017-0040.
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AbstractPrivacy and sharing are believed to share a dynamic and dialectical tension, where individuals have competing needs to be both open and closed in contact with others [8]. Online, technology can impact this dynamic process [68]. Indeed, a number of researchers observed that users’ stated privacy attitude do not match their behavior [2, 3, 23, 30, 64, 81]. In these studies privacy attitude is compared with behavior via a number of concepts related to privacy. While it is known in psychology that attitudes are multidimensional constructs [10, 15, 76], the question arises whether the user ambivalence with regards to privacy is due to different or contradictory cognitive and affective components of privacy and sharing attitude.We conducted an empirical study to investigate the difference between privacy attitude and sharing attitude. A US sample ofN= 60 MTurk workers was assigned to two groups and asked to describe in a 250-word free-form response what [privacy/sharing] online means for them. Responses were coded in quantitative content analysis. The presence and frequency of codes were compared across conditions. Emotions and relationships to other parties were evaluated as predictors for a discriminative logistic regression classifying both attitudes.We found that privacy and sharing attitude differ significantly across a number of the extracted codes. Participants in privacy attitude were significantly more likely to express fear and significantly less likely to express happiness. For sharing attitude the reverse is true. We found that a discriminant logistic regression on a tone analysis of the participants’ responses offers excellent discrimination between privacy and sharing attitude. We cross-validated this classifier with another sample ofN′ = 54. The observed differences contribute an understanding of user states in privacy (and sharing) situations online and has implications for both privacy research and practice.
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Wang, Jennifer, Reagan E. Fitzke, Denise D. Tran, Jewel Grell, and Eric R. Pedersen. "Mental health treatment-seeking behaviors in medical students: A mixed-methods approach." Journal of Medicine Access 7 (January 2023): 275508342211477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/27550834221147787.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Healthcare professionals can experience problems regarding mental health and emotional well-being (e.g. burnout) at a higher degree compared to their non-physician counterparts. Fear of stigma is often a barrier to seeking treatment among physicians. However, there is a shortage of studies related to mental health and treatment seeking among trainees and medical students. Objectives: This study sought to examine mental health in U.S. medical students, factors contributing to mental health symptoms, and obstacles to seeking treatment. Design and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted through a confidential survey sent out in fall 2021, with 510 U.S. medical student participants. This survey included scales to assess depression (the Patient Health Questionnaire-8), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), past year symptoms of hazardous drinking (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test), and past 30-day binge drinking days. The survey also included free-response questions about their reasons for seeking mental health care if they did (facilitators) and any barriers that kept them from seeking treatment. Results: About one-quarter of participants met criteria for possible depressive (24%) or anxiety disorders (24%); 9% of the sample drank at hazardous drinking levels. Between 47% and 60% of those who screened positive for depression, anxiety, or hazardous drinking reported an unmet need for mental health services. Anxiety and depression were cited as the most common reasons to seek treatment; concerns about stigma from peers and professional retaliation were notable for being barriers to treatment. Conclusion: Our sample of medical students reported notable prevalence of probable depression or anxiety disorder, while also reporting needing more support to improve their mental health. Despite this, barriers exist that may discourage medical students from seeking needed treatments. Findings from this study aim to encourage discussion and positive change in the healthcare community regarding perception and attitudes toward mental health and substance use treatment.