Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Verticale structure'
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Perez, Gaëtan. "Caractérisation de diodes Schottky en diamant de structure pseudo-verticale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT051/document.
Full textDiamond is considered as the ultimate semiconductor for power electronics applications. Even if diamond semiconductor devices have been realized worldwide, it is still prototype or proof of concept devices. It is then necessary to understand how do they operate to use their entire benefits in power converters. In this thesis, we focused the analysis on pseudo-vertical diamond Schottky diodes. Firstly, static and switching characterizations have been realized. They allow us to extract devices characteristics in the way to integrate them in power converters to analyze their switching abilities. Management of diodes in power converters is then studied. These studies allow us to propose device structure modifications in the way to improve diodes performances and their integration in power converters. Finally, a theoretical analysis on a diamond Schottky diode performances in a power converter is realized. It has been compared to the performances of a SiC Schottky diode. It highlights the particularities of diamond devices and the benefits they might bring to power electronics applications
Pianezze, Joris. "Modélisation de la structure verticale de la turbulence optique en milieu naturel." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830505.
Full textPegliasco, Cori. "Structure verticale des tourbillons de mésoéchelle dans les quatre grands systèmes d'upwelling de bord est." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30331/document.
Full textMerging ~10 years of altimetry maps and vertical profiles provided by Argo floats, we aim to study in details the eddy's surface characteristics and vertical structure in the 4 major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS : Peru-Chile, California, Canaries and Benguela), sharing similar large-scale dynamics. Our main results show that the eddies detected on altimetry maps in the 4 EBUS have close physical properties, with a lot of small-scale structures (radius < 40km, amplitude < 1cm and lifetime < 30 days). In contrast, the few eddies sampled by Argo floats have larger dimensions (radius of ~90-140 km, amplitude of ~3-7 cm) and longer lifetimes (6-10 months). The major bias with the analyzed vertical structure is the over representation of these large-scale eddies. The temperature and salinity anomaly mean profiles acquired by Argo floats surfacing within eddies reveals a strong heterogeneity between each of the 4 EBUS, but also within them. The eddies' vertical structure is strongly influence by the local hydrology and dynamics. For example, the subsurface-intensified eddies of the PCUS tend to be located in the Southern part of this EBUS, while the surface-intensified eddies are preferentially located near the Northern boundary of the subtropical gyre. In the CALUS, we can identify Cuddies in some coastal sub-regions, but in this EBUS, most of the eddies are intensified at the base of the pycnocline, with a reversal of the salinity anomaly compared to the surface layers. In the CANUS, the Cape Verde frontal zone separates distinct subsurface-intensified eddies and some Meddies in the North, from the Southern part, where eddies are surface-intensified. In the same way, the Angola-Benguela Front of the BENUS separates the surface-intensified eddies in the North from strong, deep-reaching anomalies in the South. The Southern-most part of the BENUS is also a preferential pathway for the large Agulhas Rings and their associated cyclones. The respective contributions of isopycnal advection and vertical displacement improve the description of these very diverse structures. The presence of several eddy-types, with distinct thermohaline properties (surface or subsurface-intensified, deep vertical extend, intense or not, etc.) is confirmed by the study of eddies generated in the coastal area of each EBUS. Their Lagrangian analysis allows us to describe the temporal evolution of their vertical structure, which shows an unexpected temporal homogeneity. This manuscript presents different efficient tools used to analyze the surface characteristics, the thermohaline properties and the temporal evolution of mesoscale eddies in the 4 major EBUS, highlighting their diversity
Simonot, Timothé. "Conception et hybridation de l'environnement électronique des composants de puissance à structure verticale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00733677.
Full textSimonot, Thimothé. "Conception et hybridation de l'environnement électronique des composants de puissance à structure verticale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT127/document.
Full textThe work presented in this PhD manuscript deals with heterogeneous integration of the control functions for driving a vertical power MOSFET. This work consisted in the design of the driving functions for a vertical power MOSFET in a planar CMOS technology, then in the design of the power transistor itself, including specific functions for the self powering of its driving circuitry. The second aspect of this work was the technological study and realization of thick metallization at the surface of silicon dies for the chip on chip assembly of the control and the power parts. This manuscript is composed of three equal chapters: the theoretical study and concepts presentation, the design and experimental validation of the driver part, and the design of the power part and the technological realizations. The field of application of this work covers a large spectrum as it concerns every hybrid converter
Zwiebel, Jimmy. "Etude de l'impact orographique sur la structure microphysique horizontale et verticale des précipitations." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22642/document.
Full textDuring Fall 2012, a complementary observational network has been deployed in the Cévennes region (South of France) for the Special Observation Period (SOP) of the HyMeX project. This network has been specifically designed to study the structure and heterogeneity of precipitations and, in particulat, the impact of orography on this structure. Firstly, the analysis of the Drop Size Distribution (DSD) at the ground et along a vertical profile from ground observations allow us to describe precisely the rainfall structure along a topographical gradient. In order to understand the influence of a relief on this structure, we focus our study on the microphysical process associated with the structure of precipitations. To do so, we define three rainfall regime et study the vertical evolution of the DSD along the topographical gradient. Variations in number and size of the DSD can be associated with different microphysical or dynamical process. Finally, we estimate the capacity of a bulk atmospheric model such as WRF to represent the rainfall structure and associated mechanisms above a mountainous area
Pignoux, Stéphane. "Structure interne d'un jet de gaz injecté perpendiculairement à une couche limite turbulente verticale d'eau." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2293.
Full textLAWNCZAK, FABRICE. "Structure de l'ecoulement dans la colonne verticale de pompage de faible hauteur d'une pompe airlift." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13092.
Full textVladimirova, Kremena. "Nouveaux concepts pour l'intégration 3D et le refroidissement des semi-conducteurs de puissance à structure verticale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738000.
Full textDewitte, Boris. "Rôle de la structure verticale de l'océan sur la variabilité basse fréquence dans le Pacifique tropical." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30296.
Full textWe investigate the low frequency variability of the oceanic vertical structure in the tropical Pacific from an ocean general circulation (OPA) forced simulation over the period 1985-1994. Our goal is two-fols : 1) To find to which extent the simulation can be interpreted as a combination of baroclinic long equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves for the different vertical modes, and 2) to document the processes that affect the waves propagation, in particular modal dispersion due to zonal change in the density field, vertical energy propagation processes and the coupling with atmosphere. Linear model simulations are carried out and are used as a diagnostic tool
Li, Yuanjing. "New dynamics in the electricity sector : consumption-growth nexus, market structure and renewable power." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090041/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the new dynamics and their impacts in the electricity sector. It discusses the critical issues from the perspectives of macroeconomics, structural configuration, and a transition to renewable energy sources. More precisely, three topics emerge: the nexus between electricity consumption and economic growth, the impacts of vertical integration between power generators and retailers, and the market impacts and integration issues of intermittent renewable generation. By studying these three topics, it provides answers to the key challenges of supply security, competitiveness and sustainable development in the energy sector. By giving new research directions of energy economics, it serves to inspire related policy debates
Kirstetter, Pierre-Emanuel. "Estimation quantitative des précipitations par radar météorologique : inférence de la structure verticale des pluies, modélisation des erreurs radar-pluviomètres." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10121.
Full textThe cévennes-vivarais mediterranean hydrometeorological observatory is a research initiative aimed at improving the rainfall observation. A number of innovative quantitative precipitation estimation (qpe) algorithms aimed at a space-time adaptive radar data processing were developed using the dataset of the bollène 2002 experiment. The last involved the operational weather radar of bollène, which is part of the aramis network. Our contribution in the present thesis deals with the vertical heterogeneity of rainfall. We consider the vertical profile of reflectivity inversion method proposed by andrieu et creutin (1995). It is adapted to the case of time-varying geographical supports designed with preliminary rain typing. Characterizing the error structure of radar quantitative precipitation estimates is recognized as a major issue. We assess the radar qpe with respect to reference rain estimates derived from rain gauge networks. A geostatistical framework is proposed for the establishment of such reference estimates. Assuming the residual between radar and reference value to be a random variable, we describe radar error by mean of probability distributions. The model consists in an additive random error, described by a random distribution. Some elements of space-time error structure are given. A new approach to determine the vertical profile of reflectivity (vpr) is proposed. It is based on a simplified microphysics in synergy with radar observations to simulate the vpr. A vpr is described with a reduced number of physical parameters. The new identified vprs are thus less refined but more valid and robust than the initial method
Yücer, Ayçil. "Le commerce intra-national et international des Etats Brésiliens : déterminants, structure et interdépendances." Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090062/document.
Full textWith the ambition of transposing trade analysis to an intra-national level, we work on the determinants and the structure of trade among Brazilian states, as well as their trade with international markets. In an introductory chapter, we present the stylized facts concerning the Brazilian trade while focusing mainly on the states’ characteristics. In chapter 1, we estimate the states’ domestic and foreign market export capacities by a gravity model of trade. Results show that the states with better foreign export capacities are not necessarily the same as those more oriented to the domestic market. Then in the second chapter, we use a gravity model to shed light on MERCOSUR’s creation and diversion effects as well as its “preference erosion” effect on trade among Brazilian states. We show that MERCOSUR increased Brazilian states’ trade with member countries, but had no significant effect on either interstate trade or Brazilian states’ trade with third countries. International organizations suggest the trade in value-added would be a “better” measure to understand the impact of trade on economy when import content in exports is important. Hence in a last chapter, we calculate the value-added exported by Brazilian states from an inter-state Input-Output table (2008) that we use to analyze and measure the vertical specialization between states. We also estimate a gravity model of trade in exported value-added that we extend to a trilateral frame: origin state, re-exporter state and importer country
Paradis, Mélissa. "Dynamique de développement de la structure verticale du bouleau glanduleux : implications pour le couvert nival et la température au sol." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26431.
Full textIn subarctic ecosystems, shrubification has great impacts on the abiotic environment. However, impacts of the vertical shrub structure are not well known. Our objective was to characterise the vertical structure of Betula glandulosa Michx., to increase our understanding of the impact of the shrub growth form on snow depth and soil temperature. Our stratified sampling allowed us to determine that shrub height was positively associated with the age of the dominant stems but also with the vertical growth rate. Moreover, woody biomass was greater in the lower stratum while foliar biomass followed vertical growth. Shrub height was the most plausible variable explaining snow thickness and soil temperature during winter. However, the woody biomass between 30 and 40 cm best explained summer temperature. According to our results, shrub expansion would have important consequences on the abiotic environment of subarctic ecosystems.
Martinez, Jean-Michel. "Estimation de la biomasse forestière et caractérisation de la structure verticale des peuplements de conifères par radar VHF et radar sondeurs aéroportés." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000036.
Full textChaboureau, Jean-Pierre. "Restitution de la structure verticale de la vapeur d'eau atmosphérique à l'échelle globale à partir d'observations satellitales : implications pour la sensibilité climatique." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPXX0003.
Full textHochet, Antoine. "Etude des courants océaniques transitoires de grande échelle : structure verticale, interaction avec la topographie et le courant moyen, forçage par instabilité barocline." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0015/document.
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Yücer, Aycil. "Le commerce intra-national et international des Etats Brésiliens : déterminants, structure et interdépendances." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831303.
Full textWeng, Xiaorong. "Epitaxial CoxNi1-x nanowires in SrTiO3 matrix : growth, structure and control of magnetic anisotropy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS418.
Full textThis thesis describes the study of self-assembled epitaxial ferromagnetic CoxNi1-x nanowires in SrTiO3 matrix. This system is grown by pulsed laser deposition. Taking advantage of the sequential deposition of wires and matrix, the diameter of nanowires is controlled in the 1.7-5.3 nm range. Due to the lattice mismatch between wires and matrix, nanowires are in tensile axial strain. The strain decreases with increasing diameter and is in the 2-4% range. Large strain is thus achieved in this vertically aligned nanocomposite structure. The total magnetic anisotropy of the nanowires reflects the competition of the magnetostatic and magnetoelastic anisotropies. The magnetostatic effect favors an easy magnetization axis along the wire axis. The magnetoelastic contribution introduced by the tensile strain depends on the magnetostriction constant and the strain. It is uniaxial, negative for Ni and positive for Co concentration of about 20% and above. Under a strain larger than 0.8%, the magnetoelastic anisotropy dominates in magnitude the magnetostatic one, leading the wire axis to be a hard magnetization axis for Ni. For CoNi alloy nanowires, the large strain reinforces the easy character of the wire axis. This results in the enhancement of the blocking temperature over room temperature, indicating the increased thermal stability of magnetization. A spectroscopic study of the spin and orbital magnetic moments evidences the fact that the anisotropy of the orbital moment can be correlated with the magnetoelastic anisotropy. The control of the magnetic anisotropy by the strain or the diameter is a good starting point for the construction of 3D nanomagnetic structures
Albright, Anna Lea. "The trade-wind boundary layer and climate sensitivity." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS207.
Full textThe response of trade-wind clouds to warming remains uncertain, raising the specter of a large climate sensitivity. Decreases in cloud fraction are thought to relate to interplay among convective mixing, turbulence, radiation, and the large-scale environment. The EUREC4A (Elucidating the role of cloud-circulation coupling in climate) field campaign made extensive measurements that allow for deeper physical understanding and the first process-based constraint on the trade cumulus feedback.I first use EUREC4A observations to improve understanding of the characteristic vertical structure of the trade-wind boundary layer and the processes that produce this structure. This improved physical understanding is then applied to the evaluation of trade cumulus feedbacks. Ideas developed support new conceptual models of the structure of the trade-wind boundary layer and a more active role of clouds in maintaining this structure, and show little evidence for a strong trade cumulus feedback to warming
Striby, Laurent. "Biogéochimie de la matière organique dans deux écosystèmes marins : Cas d'une structure physique unidimensionnelle verticale (mer Ligure) et d'une structure physique frontale (front Alméria-Oran) : Variations spatio-temporelles de la fraction lipidique à petite échelle." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22057.
Full textPatot, Sabine. "Virus manipulateurs du comportement des insectes : prévalence et influence sur la structure des communautés hôtes : exemple de l’association Leptopilina boulardi / LbFV." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10103/document.
Full textEukaryots/microorganisms symbiosis is an important source of evolutionary novelty and ecological diversification. These associations are widespread in insects, particularly in parasitoids (insects that parasitize other insects) where a broad diversity of vertically transmitted viruses are found. However, their direct and indirect effects on host community are poorly understood. In this thesis, we used a system involving a Drosophila parasitoid, Leptopilina boulardi and a heritable virus LbFV that manipulates the behaviour of the parasitoid by increasing its tendency to lay eggs in a host that is already parasitized (superparasitism). Using a viral molecular marker developed in this work, we showed very high prevalences of the virus in L. boulardi populations. Additionally, we found a strong effect of the virus on interspecific competition in the Drosophila parasitoid community. The integrative approach of this work is an important step in understanding the role of heritable viruses in parasitoid ecology and evolution
Biage, Milton. "Structure de la surface libre d'un film liquide ruisselant sur une plaque plane verticale et soumis à un contre-courant de gaz : transition vers l'écoulement cocourant ascendant." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0053.
Full textPatot, Sabine. "Virus manipulateurs du comportement des insectes : prévalence et influence sur la structure des communautés hôtes : Exemple de l'association Leptopilina boulardi / LbFV." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451287.
Full textEl, Moussawi Ibrahim. "Synthetic Aperture Radar : Algorithms and Applications in Forests and Urban Areas." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG078.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to exploit Multi-baseline Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for studying the remote sensing of natural scenarios, such as forest structure characterization and land subsidence monitoring. In the case of forested areas, tropical forest structure parameters are derived by Tomography SAR (TomoSAR) technique. For urban areas, Land subsidence is investigated through Interferometry SAR (InSAR) techniques. TomoSAR and InSAR will be treated by using Multi-baseline SAR images over different sites. Prior to tomographic analysis, a phase calibration algorithm is needed to compensate for phase residuals that corrupt the data and influence the focusing of Multi-baseline data. First, a tomographic study has carried out in tropical forest, where the forest characterization was assessed by using SAR tomography at L and P-band. Second, different InSAR techniques have been compared with respect to their performance in monitoring earth’s surface deformation, taking Lebanon as a case study.The first part of the thesis presents the TomoSAR analysis in the tropical forest. A review of phase calibration techniques employed on TomoSAR data is shown. The problem formulation starts with the phase calibration of the data stack that is considered as the main gate to begin with SAR processing algorithms. Thus, the main phase calibration algorithms proposed in the literature are discussed. Two of the most important phase calibration approaches are then described and discussed in detail. The potential of L-band TomoSAR data to characterize tropical forest structure is evaluated. The challenge here is the short wavelength of L-band data, and whether can penetrate tropical forests down to the ground. Tomographic analysis is carried out using L-band UAVSAR data from the AfriSAR campaign conducted over Gabon Lopé Park in February 2016. It was found that L-band TomoSAR was able to penetrate into and through the canopy down to the ground, and thus the canopy and ground layers were detected correctly. Then, monitoring tropical forest structure using SAR tomography at L- and P-band are treated. For this, a comparison of the P- and L-band TomoSAR profiles, Land Vegetation and Ice Sensor (LVIS), and discrete return LiDAR is provided in order to assess the ability for TomoSAR to monitoring and estimating the tropical forest structure parameters for enhanced forest management and to support biomass missions. The L- and P-band's performances for canopy penetration are assessed to determine the underlying ground locations. Additionally, the 3D records for each configuration are compared regarding their ability to derive forest vertical structure.The second part of the thesis tackle the utilization of InSAR techniques in land subsidence monitoring. The idea is to split the estimation of earth's surface deformations into two steps. The first step is to use Maximum Likelihood technique to jointly process Permanent scaterrers and Distributed scaterrers in order to yield the best estimates of interferometric phases. Then, the second step is to separate the contributions to the interferometric phases due to the scene topography and deformation field from those caused by decorrelation noise and atmospheric disturbances. As a case study, an extensive InSAR analysis of Lebanon site is shown, relying on a data-set of 117 Sentinel-1 satellite data acquired over Lebanon between 2015 and 2019, with high temporal resolution (i.e. 6 days)
Guignard, Anthony. "Propriétés microphysiques des cirrhus : restitution à partir du sondage IR depuis l'espace et études en lien avec la structure verticale (exploitation de la synergie du A-Train : AIRS, CALIPSO et CloudSat)." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066085.
Full textIce clouds cover on average 30% of the earth's surface and play a special role in climate studies. Composed of crystals of varying size and shape, these clouds have complex optical properties. So that it is necessary to determine them for assessing the impact of cirrus on the global radiation budget. The objective of this thesis is the retrieval and analysis of physical and microphysical properties. Therefore we use the synergy of space observations of the A-Train constellation: the infrared sounder AIRS measurements and characterization of different cloud layers provided by the lidar and radar of the CALIPSO and CloudSat missions. We develop a method to retrieve microphysical properties of cirrus, based on their spectral emissivity differences between 8 and 12. 5 microns. This allows us to determine ice water path and effective diameter and shape of ice crystals in cirrus. The analysis of six years of observations made it possible to establish a climatology of cirrus properties which is compared to other cloud climatologies within the frame work of the GEWEX cloud assessment. We then analyze the relationships between various physical and microphysical properties of cirrus to develop parameterizations of the effective diameter for application in climate models. We also estimate the ice water content of cirrus that allows us to evaluate an alternative approach to characterize their radiative impact based on an ensemble model of their optical properties obtained from airborne measurements
Boillot, Benjamin. "Contribution à l'étude des écoulements turbulents en convection mixte." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10062.
Full textLateb, Mourad. "Calcul de la capacité portante des murs en maçonnerie de petits éléments sous charges verticales." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569146.
Full textFourçans, Aude. "Dynamique des communautés bactériennes detapis microbiens soumis aux stressenvironnementaux." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00151969.
Full textcommunautés bactériennes de tapis microbiens afin de comprendre leurs fonctionnements et
leur mécanismes d'adaptation face aux stress environnementaux. De part le développement
dans des habitats très variés et soumis à des variations des conditions environnementales
importantes, les tapis microbiens constituent des modèles de choix pour ce type d'études. La
biodiversité bactérienne a principalement été abordée par T-RFLP (Terminal Restriction
Fragment Length Polymorphism), approche moléculaire d'écologie microbienne.
Premièrement, ce travail a porté sur la description de deux tapis microbiens
photosynthétiques présents sur deux sites différents de salinité distinctes, marin (Iles
Orcades), et hypersalé (Marais salants de Camargue). La combinaison de différentes
approches d'analyses ont permis d'obtenir une image à l'échelle du micromètre de ces tapis.
Ainsi, la diversité bactérienne des principales communautés (eubactéries, bactéries
phototrophes pourpres, bactéries sulfato-réductrices) de ces tapis microbiens a été décrite par
l'approche moléculaire de T-RFLP. Les résultats de cette analyse, associés à ceux d'analyses
biogéochimiques, moléculaire DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis),
microscopiques (CLSM), et de biomarqueurs lipidiques a permis de relier les communautés
bactériennes présentes et d'appréhender leurs rôles écologiques au sein de ces écosystèmes
complexes. Ces deux tapis bien que très différents révèlent une organisation très fine,
constituée de couches distinctes verticales de quelques micromètres, où s'agencent les
populations bactériennes en fonction de leurs caractéristiques physiologiques et des
conditions environnementales. Le tapis de Camargue est dominé en surface par les
cyanobactéries filamenteuses, principalement Microcoleus chthonoplastes. De plus, la
distribution des bactéries phototrophes pourpres et sulfato-réductrices est répartie en fonction
des gradients mesurés de sulfure, oxygène et lumière. Le tapis des îles Orcades est au
contraire dominé par les bactéries pourpres, très diversifiées, principalement du genre
Thiocapsa. Les cyanobactéries y sont faiblement représentées. La diversité bactérienne
phototrophes et sulfato-réductrices est très finement organisée le long de gradients physicochimiques.
Dans un deuxième temps, la distribution spatio-temporelle du tapis microbien de
Camargue en fonction du cycle nycthéméral a été étudiée. Des comportements adaptatifs chez
les bactéries pourpres, les cyanobactéries et les bactéries sulfato-réductrices ont ainsi pu être
révélés. Parmi ces réponses aux variations des microgradients de sulfure et d'oxygène, la
migration a été mise en évidence chez un grand nombre de ces microorganismes.
L'analyse de l'impact d'hydrocarbures sur les tapis microbiens de Guérande et de
Camargue a été le troisième point abordé. L'influence des paramètres environnementaux sur
la dégradation naturelle du pétrole Erika a pu être démontrée. De plus, l'impact réel de la
pollution sur les communautés du tapis a été observé montrant une succession de différentes
communautés bactériennes. Ceci révèle les capacités d'adaptation de ces écosystèmes face à
ce stress d'hydrocarbures. Même si la dégradation par voie microbiologique n'a pu être mise
en évidence dans ces systèmes, l'analyse de la diversité des gènes codant pour les
dioxygénases montre une grande diversité, suggérant que les tapis microbiens possèdent un
potentiel de dégradation important.
Ce travail a permis de mettre en évidence l'organisation dynamique des bactéries au
sein de tapis microbiens, et d'approcher leurs comportements adaptatifs vis à vis des stress
soumis.
Chen, Dong. "Essays on vertical structure, technology competition, and vertical foreclosure." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3185392.
Full textSource: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-08, Section: A, page: 3030. Chair: John W. Maxwell. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 5, 2006).
Mujahid, Aazani. "Vertical structure of propagating features." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/209541/.
Full textOliveira, Luciane Marcela Filizola de. "Cisalhamento nas interfaces verticais de paredes de edifícios de alvenaria estrutural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-04082009-145407/.
Full textThis work presents the evaluation of the shear stress at the vertical interfaces of interconnected masonry walls simultaneously subjected to vertical and horizontal loads. The obtained maximum shear stress values are compared to the shear strengths prescribed by the current Brazilian code, NBR 10837 (ABNT, 1989), and by its review base text. The prescribed values are also confronted with experimental values, critically evaluating the application of the regulatory limits in the practical design of existing buildings. Additionally, two different ways of modeling the structural masonry buildings when submitted by horizontal actions are evaluated. The first one is a simple approach, largely used by designers, that consists in the two dimensional association of isolated walls. Its evaluation is important to provide the designer with a quick and reliable analytical tool. The second way of modeling is a three dimensional frame analysis, which allows a more complete simulation of the shear walls, including the shear strain effects. In order to evaluate the differences between the two models, statistical tests were employed for examining whether they are statistically equal at a significance level of 5%. Case studies were performed taking into account four residential buildings with different architectural arrangements. The number of floors was also varied considering four, eight, twelve and sixteen, in order to obtain more meaningful results. The developed analysis showed that the strength limits prescribed by the review base text of the NBR 10837 (ABNT, 1989) seem to be very much strict according to the Brazilian common practice. Regarding the comparison of the studied analytical models, the statistical tests showed that there is no difference between them at a significance level of 5%.
Wolf, Arne. "Film structure of vertical annular flow." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8178.
Full textAngelo, James J. "Characterizing the vertical structure and structural diversity of Florida oak scrub vegetation using discrete-return lidar." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4539.
Full textID: 029094364; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-47).
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Sciences
Nguyen, Dac Binh. "Intégration fonctionnelle autour des composants quatre quadrants Avec l’application à la conversion AC/AC." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0020.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the functional integration of the components drived by bidirectional current and voltage, applied for the AC-AC conversion with Power Factor Correction (PFC). The first part of the thesis presents the implementation of a AC-AC dimmer with integrated devices. Some benefits are clearly highlighted through a functional analysis and a complete experimental validation. The second part of the thesis concentrates on the functional integration of « peripherals » which are needed for the implementation of a power component with vertical structure. In particular, the conditions for integration, technological and electrical performances are discussed and analysed. The study is carried on through an important work of modelling efforts both on components and on their interactions. An experimental validation done at CIME-Nanotech provides interesting conclusions about the approach which has been used
Alhajali, Abdallah. "Analysis of existing offshore structures considering structural damage to investigate a vertical axis wind tower." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textGiltrow, M. "Phonon study of vertical resonant structures." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337346.
Full textGardner, Elizabeth B. "Mesoscale vertical structure of an explosive oceanic cyclone." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28354.
Full textPolton, Jeffrey Anthony. "Understanding the vertical structure of the subtropical thermocline." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394433.
Full textVu, Dinh Toan. "Unification du système de hauteur et estimation de la structure lithosphérique sous le Vietnam utilisant la modélisation du champ de gravité et du quasigéoïde à haute résolution." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30050.
Full textThe goal of this work was twofold. The first part was devoted to the research of the size and physical shape of the Earth in Vietnam through the determination of a local gravimetric quasigeoid model. The second part was to better constrain the Earth's interior structure beneath Vietnam by determining the Moho and Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary (LAB) depth models. For the first objective, a high-resolution gravimetric quasigeoid model for Vietnam and its surrounding areas was determined based on new land gravity data in combination with fill-in data where no gravity data existed. The resulting quasigeoid model was evaluated using 812 GNSS/levelling points in the study region. This comparison indicates that the quasigeoid model has a standard deviation of 9.7 cm and 50 cm in mean bias. This new local quasigeoid model for Vietnam represents a significant improvement over the global models EIGEN-6C4 and EGM2008, which have standard deviations of 19.2 and 29.1 cm, respectively, when compared to the GNSS/levelling data. An essential societal and engineering application of the gravimetric quasigeoid is in GNSS levelling, and a vertical offset model for Vietnam and its surrounding areas was determined based on the GNSS/levelling points and gravimetric-only quasigeoid model for this purpose. The offset model was evaluated using cross-validation technique by comparing with GNSS/levelling data. Results indicate that the offset model has a standard deviation of 5.9 cm in the absolute sense. Thanks to this offset model, GNSS levelling can be carried out over most of Vietnam's territory complying to third-order levelling requirements, while the accuracy requirements for fourth-order levelling networks is met for the entire country. To unify the height system towards the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF), the zero-height geopotential value for the Vietnam Local Vertical Datum W_0^LVD was determined based on two approaches: 1) Using high-quality GNSS/levelling data and the estimated gravimetric quasigeoid model, 2) Using the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem (GBVP) approach based on the GOCE global gravity field model enhanced with terrestrial gravity data. This geopotential value can be used to connect the height system of Vietnam with the neighboring countries. Moreover, the GBVP approach was also used for direct determination of the gravity potential on the surface at three GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) stations at epoch 2018.0 in Vietnam. Based on time series of the vertical component derived from these GNSS observations as well as InSAR data, temporal variations in the geopotential were also estimated on these permanent GNSS stations. This enables monitoring of the vertical datum and detect possible deformation. These stations may thus contribute to increase the density of reference points in the IHRF for this region. For the second objective, the local quasigeoid model was first converted to the geoid. Then, high-resolution Moho and LAB depth models were determined beneath Vietnam based on the local isostatic hypothesis using the geoid height derived from the estimated geoid, elevation data and thermal analysis. From new land gravity data, a complete grid and map of gravity anomalies i.e., Free-air, Bouguer and Isostatic was determined for the whole of Vietnam. The Moho depth was also computed based on the gravity inversion using the Bouguer gravity anomaly grid. All new models are computed at 1' resolution. The resulting Moho and LAB depth models were evaluated using available seismic data as well as global and local lithospheric models available in the study region. [...]
Moseley, Vaughan Jonathan. "Effects of smear during vertical penetration of layered soils." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286918.
Full textKaye, David. "Oscillation of a vertical cylinder in waves." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303115.
Full textSilva, Rodrigo Francisco da [UNESP]. "Estudo teórico-experimental da distribuição das ações verticais entre paredes de edifício de alvenaria estrutural cerâmica em escala reduzida." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91455.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o intuito de se conhecer, através de análise teórico- experimental, a distribuição das ações verticais ao longo da altura das paredes de um edifício em alvenaria estrutural cerâmica não armada em escala reduzida. O edifício em questão é formado por quatro pavimentos, blocos cerâmicos e lajes maciças estando apoiado sobre sistema de vigas baldrames e estacas, sendo que as estacas estão sobre um pequeno radier. Após obtenção dos resultados experimentais necessários, foram feitas análises teóricas da distribuição das ações verticais, utilizando-se dos modelos de cálculos atualmente conhecidos e também através de um software comercial baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos. Fez- se comparações com os resultados obtidos através dos ensaios experimentais com o intuito de verificar qual modelo de cálculo melhor representou o comportamento da alvenaria. A fim de avaliar a distribuição das ações verticais, o edifício foi ensaiado através de carregamentos uniformemente distribuídos - bandejas com água - sobre as lajes dos diferentes pavimentos, medindo assim, os valores de reações de apoio nos pontos instrumentados. Como principal conclusão, verificou-se que para cálculos manuais de distribuição de ações verticais as paredes não devem ser tratadas como isoladas, mesmo para edifícios de pequena altura, com poucos pavimentos, mas como pertencentes a determinado grupo, por causa da existência de interação entre elas.
This research was carried out in order to know, through theoretical and experimental analysis, the distribution of vertical loads along the height of the walls of a building in unreinforced structural masonry with ceramic blocks in small scale. The building in question consists of four floors, ceramic blocks and slabs being supported on system foundation beams and piles, the piles are upon a small raft. After obtaining the necessary experimental results were made theoretical analysis of the vertical loads distribution, using the currently model calculations and also with a commercial software based on finite element method. Comparisons were made with the results obtained from experimental tests with in order to determine which calculation model best represented the behavior of masonry. In order to evaluate the distribution of vertical loads, the building was tested by imposing uniformly distributed loads - trays with water - upon the slabs of different floors, thus measuring the values of support reactions at points instrumented. The main conclusion, it was found that for manual calculations of the distribution of vertical loads the walls should not be treated as isolated, even for buildings of small height, with few floors, but as belonging to a particular group, because of interaction between them.
Silva, Wilson José da. "Análise experimental e numérica da distribuição das ações verticais entre paredes de alvenaria estrutural com a utilização de modelo físico reduzido na escala 1:5." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-14052014-105118/.
Full textThis study had as a main aim the experimental analysis of vertical loads distribution between structural masonry walls using a reduced physical model in a 1:5 scale. Preceding the building of the physical model were performed tests in order to obtain characterization of the components and of the masonry in a 1:5 reduced scale. The tests in the reduced physical model consisted in the insertion of loads uniformly distributed and applied in different environments and levels. The analysis of the vertical loads distribution was possible due to instrumentation performed on the basis of the physical model by load cells. The results were analyzed by comparing the experimental results with the usual theoretical procedures of vertical loads distribution and also with the modeling by finite elements; aiming, this way, to identify which procedure is closer to the experimental results. It was concluded that modeling by finite elements and Walls Groups procedure showed results closer to the experimental analysis of vertical loads distribution.
MARINI, FRANCESCO. "Wave induced hydro and morpho-dynamics around a single slender pile: experimental and numerical analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/274622.
Full textDuring the last years, the presence of piled structures, such as offshore wind farms or oil platforms, in the marine environment is becoming more important. For this reason, it gains relevance the correct analysis of possible criticisms and uncertainties in the design process. The aim of this thesis is the study of both the hydrodynamics and the morpho-dynamics induced by regular and random waves over a single slender pile by means of laboratory and numerical modelling. Therefore, the objective of the present thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of such physical processes. In particular, it aims to provide some tools that can be useful in the design process, in order to avoid a wrong estimation of the most important parameters and, thus, to ensure a proper design of the piled marine structure and its facilities. Particular attention is paid on the evaluation of the total force due to wave action, on the scour at the base of the pile and on the run-up over its surface. A rigid bed model has been realised to evaluate the best approach for the estimation of the total force over the pile due to nonlinear waves. An alternative method to the classical Morison (1950)'s approach has been proposed for the computation of the total force from the velocity and acceleration of the water particles from a measured water surface elevation time series. Such method consists in a Fourier spectral decomposition of the input free water surface signal; the contribution of each component, computed according to the Airy theory, is summed to obtain the total horizontal and vertical velocity along the vertical profile. The results showed that this approach allowed to give a very good estimate of the total force both in terms of maximum value and of the phase in which it occurs. On the contrary, the application of the linear theory for the calculation of the velocity to be applied in the force calculation (classical Morison approach used in the design process) leads to an underestimation of the peak value and to a wrong representation of the shape of the force. Another primary parameter in the stability of a structure in the marine environment is the scour at the base of the monopile. This experimental campaign is performed by means of a mobile bed model in which a vertical cylinder is placed over a sandy seabed and it is attacked by both regular and random nonlinear waves. The results for regular waves are quite in agreement with the earlier work of Sumer et al. (1992). However, the results of this study reveal that the scour process due to nonlinear regular waves starts for hydrodynamic conditions characterized by a lower intensity Keulegan-Carpenter parameter KC=4) in comparison with those reported in the literature for linear waves (KC=6). Different formulas are proposed for its estimation depending on dimensionless parameters (KC, Ur). For random waves, the approach proposed by Ong et al. (2013) for scour evaluation has been modified. This method depends on the cumulative distribution function of the dimensionless crest heights but, because of its complexity, it has been simplified in order to became suitable for design purposes without affecting the quality of the results. To better understand the process of formation, growth and detachment of vortices, PTV measurements are carried out and the results are integrated with those from pressure sensors and from the mobile bed model for the characterization of the whole process of vortex formation and scour generation. The results showed that the wave phases and positions in which the maximum values of the pressure gradients occur, correspond to those in which the detachment of vortices is observed. From the interpretation of the contour maps of the vorticity and of the OW parameter it is possible to explain the scour patterns obtained in the mobile bed campaign. Furthermore, a numerical model has been realised with the tool OpenFOAM that permitted to contribute to the comprehension of the complex 3D physical phenomenon induced by the wave-structure interaction. A new wave generation boundary condition for the generation of a measured water surface elevation time series has been added to the numerical code. The corresponding velocity field in this BC has been computed with the Fourier decomposition method mentioned above. The nonlinear waves of the rigid bed experimental campaign are here simulated for the better comprehension of the vortex formation process and for the estimation of wave run-up which is very important for the design of the access facility of the marine structures. Excellent results are obtained in comparison with experimental data of force, pressure, velocity and water elevation. The analysis of the maximum values of run-up is performed and the results are compared with some formula available in the literature. An adaptation of the equation of Hallermeier (1976) that compute the run-up depending on the crest height, is proposed and the results, obtained with a significant number of samples, are very good. Finally, the visualization of the three-dimensional vortical structures by means of the Q-criterion has been performed. The numerical results showed that, in some instances, a vortex generated during the first half of the period can remain in the area of influence of the pile. After the reversal of the flow, it changes the direction according to the stream until it is finally removed on the opposite side of the pile with respect to where it was generated. The results are in agreement with those of the PTV campaign: both the phase, size and position of vortices are well represented. The achievements obtained with the numerical model are able to improve the understanding of the complex physical processes by linking the different results, such as the pressure gradients, vortical structures and the associated scour patterns.
Liu, Xinyi, and 刘欣怡. "A general RNA secondary structure algorithm with vertical tree grammar." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196439.
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Computer Science
Master
Master of Philosophy
Aronica, Giuseppe Agostino. "The vertical structure of thickened bars in disk galaxies." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980574919.
Full textO'Dwyer, Jane. "The vertical structure of the large-scale abyssal circulation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363945.
Full textAuckland, Adam. "Flow and hydraulic efficiency of vertical intake structures." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27618.
Full textBennett, Gary Stuart. "Mathematical modelling of wave interaction with vertical structures." Thesis, Brunel University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332808.
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