Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vertical tail

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Vertical tail'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Vertical tail"

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PRISACARIU, Vasile, and Alexandru CHIRILĂ. "AERODINAMIC ANALYSIS OF HELICOPTER FENESTRON VERTICAL TAIL." SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE 21, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2019.21.24.

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Schwaner, M. Janneke, Grace A. Freymiller, Rulon W. Clark, and Craig P. McGowan. "How to Stick the Landing: Kangaroo Rats Use Their Tails to Reorient during Evasive Jumps Away from Predators." Integrative and Comparative Biology 61, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 442–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab043.

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Synopsis Tails are widespread in the animal world and play important roles in locomotor tasks, such as propulsion, maneuvering, stability, and manipulation of objects. Kangaroo rats, bipedal hopping rodents, use their tail for balancing during hopping, but the role of their tail during the vertical evasive escape jumps they perform when attacked by predators is yet to be determined. Because we observed kangaroo rats swinging their tails around their bodies while airborne following escape jumps, we hypothesized that kangaroo rats use their tails to not only stabilize their bodies while airborne, but also to perform aerial re-orientations. We collected video data from free-ranging desert kangaroo rats (Dipodomys deserti) performing escape jumps in response to a simulated predator attack and analyzed the rotation of their bodies and tails in the yaw plane (about the vertical-axis). Kangaroo rat escape responses were highly variable. The magnitude of body re-orientation in yaw was independent of jump height, jump distance, and aerial time. Kangaroo rats exhibited a stepwise re-orientation while airborne, in which slower turning periods corresponded with the tail center of mass being aligned close to the vertical rotation axis of the body. To examine the effect of tail motion on body re-orientation during a jump, we compared average rate of change in angular momentum. Rate of change in tail angular momentum was nearly proportional to that of the body, indicating that the tail reorients the body in the yaw plane during aerial escape leaps by kangaroo rats. Although kangaroo rats make dynamic 3D movements during their escape leaps, our data suggest that kangaroo rats use their tails to control orientation in the yaw plane. Additionally, we show that kangaroo rats rarely use their tail length at full potential in yaw, suggesting the importance of tail movement through multiple planes simultaneously.
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Wei, Ziyan, Jie Li, Songxiang Tang, and Zhao Yang. "Investigation and Improvement of T-Tail Junction Flow Separation for a Demonstration Aircraft." Aerospace 9, no. 10 (September 29, 2022): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9100567.

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Flow separation is easily induced at the junctions of aircraft components, and for aircraft with T-type tails, in particular, it can lead to loss of directional stability under a small sideslip angle. In the reported study, improved delayed detached eddy simulation with a shear-layer-adapted length scale based on the k–ω shear-stress transport method was used to analyze and rectify the corner separation at the junctions of the horizontal and vertical parts of the tail of a demonstration aircraft. This was done to (i) suppress the flow separation caused by the complex interaction of the boundary layers on the horizontal and vertical tail parts at their junctions, and (ii) prevent the vertical tail parts from having any separated flow on their pressure and suction sides. The results showed that the main cause of the loss of directional stability was separation flow on the suction sides of the vertical tail parts. The corner flow separation was suppressed significantly by only using fairing cones at the junctions of the horizontal and vertical tail parts, thereby allowing the aircraft to maintain directional stability under a small sideslip angle.
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Luong, Quang Huan, Jeremy Jong, Yusuke Sugahara, Daisuke Matsuura, and Yukio Takeda. "A Study on the Relationship between the Design of Aerotrain and Its Stability Based on a Three-Dimensional Dynamic Model." Robotics 9, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics9040096.

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A new generation electric high-speed train called Aerotrain has levitation wings and levitates under Wing-in-Ground (WIG) effect along a U-shaped guideway. The previous study found that lacking knowledge of the design makes the prototype unable to regain stability when losing control. In this paper, the nonlinear three-dimensional dynamic model of the Aerotrain based on the rigid body model has been developed to investigate the relationship between the vehicle body design and its stability. Based on the dynamic model, this paper considered an Aerotrain with a horizontal tail and a vertical tail. To evaluate the stability, the location and area of these tails were parameterized. The effects of these parameters on the longitudinal and directional stability have been investigated to show that: the horizontal tail gives its best performance if the tail area is a function of the tail location; the larger vertical tail area and (or) the farther vertical tail location will give better directional stability. As for the lateral stability, a dihedral front levitation wing design was investigated. This design did not show its effectiveness, therefore a control system is needed. The obtained results are useful for the optimization studies on Aerotrain design as well as developing experimental prototypes.
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Lee, B. H. K. "Vertical tail buffeting of fighter aircraft." Progress in Aerospace Sciences 36, no. 3-4 (April 2000): 193–279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-0421(00)00003-8.

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Cao, Xingyu, Hao Dong, Yunsong Gu, Keming Cheng, and Fan Zhang. "Experimental Study of Vertical Tail Model Flow Control Based on Oscillating Jet." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020786.

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In this paper, wind tunnel experiments are conducted to study the control law and mechanism of oscillating jet flow control to improve the aerodynamic characteristics of the vertical tail when a civil aircraft encounters left side gust or significant crosswind during takeoff and landing. We measured the vertical tail scaling model’s aerodynamics, spatial flow field, and surface pressure when the Reynolds number was 2.12 × 105. The maximum momentum coefficient of the oscillating jet actuator reaches 0.332%. In addition, we studied the flow control effect of the three-dimensional vertical tail scaled model in different spanwise positions. The experimental results show that the oscillating jet at the rear edge of the stabilizer can significantly increase the lateral force of the vertical tail, and the increment of the lateral force can reach 36.5% under the worst condition of the negative side slip angle of the vertical tail. We can improve the lateral force coefficient of the vertical tail model by applying flow control alone at different spanwise locations. The wing root’s control effect and the vertical tail’s middle section are better than the wing tip’s. The oscillating jet can effectively restrain the flow separation on the rudder. In addition, the input of a high-energy jet “ejects” the mainstream, which increases the flow velocity at the side of the vertical tail actuator. It increases the circulation of the vertical tail. The oscillating jet flow control technology can effectively improve the vertical tail’s steering efficiency and increase the vertical tail’s lateral force, which is of great significance in improving the safety and economy of civil aircraft.
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Han, Bing, and Min Xu. "Prediction of Vertical Tail Buffet Using CFD/CSD Coupling Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (November 23, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6295332.

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The vertical tail buffet induced by the vortex breakdown flow is numerically investigated. The unsteady flow is calculated by solving the RANS equations. The structural dynamic equations are decoupled in the modal coordinates. The radial basis functions (RBFs) are employed to generate the deformation mesh. The buffet response of the flexible tail is predicted by coupling the three sets of equations. The results show that the presence of asymmetry flow on the inner and outer surface of the tail forced the structural deflection offsetting the outboard. The frequency of the 2nd bending mode of the tail structure meets the peak frequency of the pressure fluctuation upon the tail surface, and the resonance phenomenon was observed. Therefore, the 2nd bending responses govern the flow field surrounding the vertical tail. Finally, the displacement of the vertical tail is small, while the acceleration with a large quantitation forces the vertical tail undergoing severe addition inertial loads.
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Yang, Qing, J. J. Li, Y. N. Yang, and Z. Y. Ye. "Experimental and Computational Studies of Twin-Vertical-Tail Buffet." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 1241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.1241.

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Characteristics and mechanism of twin-vertical-tail buffet response on airplane configuration with wing root leading edge extension (LEX) were studied by both experiment and computation. Low-speed wind tunnel experiments were carried out to measure the root bending moment and tip acceleration of vertical tail. Vortical flow patterns were visualized via laser light sheet technique. Three-dimensional computation was performed to solve the unsteady Euler equations on rigid model. The results indicate that (1) bursting of vortices emanating from LEX is the main source of twin-vertical-tail buffet; (2) the Euler equations is able to predict the general characteristics of vertical-tail buffet response reasonably.
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Liu, Mingzhe, Can Cui, and Jian Sun. "Preliminary Design of Aircraft without Vertical Tail." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 658 (February 20, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/658/1/012021.

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Andino, Marlyn Y., John C. Lin, Seele Roman, Emilio C. Graff, Mory Gharib, Edward A. Whalen, and Israel J. Wygnanski. "Active Flow Control on Vertical Tail Models." AIAA Journal 57, no. 8 (August 2019): 3322–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.j057876.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vertical tail"

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Masi, Andrea. "Eddy-resolving simulations of the flow around a vertical tail plane." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273342.

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Enhancing the ability to predict airflow around the Vertical Tail Plane (VTP) of an aircraft is vital in the aviation industry. The size of the VTP is driven by a particular flight condition - loss of an engine during take-off and low speed climb. Nowadays, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the main tool used by engineers to assess VTP flows. However, due to uncertainties in the prediction of VTP effectiveness, aircraft designers keep to a conservative approach, which risks oversizing of the tail plane, adding more drag. Uncertainties emerge from difficulties in predicting the massive separation that occurs on the swept tail when it is approached by a flow at high incidence. Furthermore, the deployment of the control surface (the rudder) over the tail plane and the skewed flow along the span increase the CFD challenges. Improved predictive capabilities of the flow around VTPs would enable a more optimal design approach with potential drag saving. The correct prediction of flow separation is the essence of this study. Currently, the industry uses steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations to analyse VTPs flow. In order to assess RANS performance, the study of airflow detaching from a backward rounded ramp is performed and the results are compared to Large-Eddy Simulations (LES). The analysis shows that, even though RANS may predict the onset of flow separation correctly, they completely miss the location of flow reattachment over the ramp, and this affects the whole flow solution. Moreover, the flow features a strong anisotropy at the onset of separation, difficult to be captured by RANS. The analysis shows that RANS cannot predict production of turbulent kinetic energy in the detached flow region correctly, discouraging flow mixing, and delaying flow reattachment. A hybrid RANS/LES carried out on the same test case shows the benefits of using eddy-resolving simulations for detached flows. The prediction of the locations of the separation and reattachment points differs by only 1% from the highly-resolved simulation. The VTP investigation carried out in this thesis uses a wind tunnel model tested at Airbus. The study starts with steady RANS approaches for different turbulence models. RANS simulations produce acceptable results for the flow at low incidence levels. On the contrary, at high incidence, when flow separation occurs, RANS methods fail. The second step of the research consists of using unsteady RANS (URANS) simulations for VTP flows at high sideslip angles. The introduction of time-accuracy brings important benefits. Nevertheless, the results still show some inaccuracies (around 20% error). Finally, restarting from the flow solutions obtained by URANS simulations, higher fidelity hybrid RANS/LES techniques in the form of Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulations (DDES) are used to assess the characteristics of the separated flow around the tail plane. Results show a remarkable improvement of the flow solution. The pressure distribution matches experimental results favourably, and this translates into an improved prediction of the aerodynamic loads over the VTP. This leads towards a new strategy for the assessment of the flow over aircraft VTPs, amounting to an important contribution to the design of future aircraft.
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Shoop, Brian P. "Structural design analysis of the Tail Landing Gear Bay and the vertical /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA333345.

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Thesis (M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1997.
Thesis advisors, E. Roberts Wood, D.A. Danielson, and Joshua H. Gordis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61). Also available online.
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Hogge, Jeffrey V. "Development of a Miniature VTOL Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2372.pdf.

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Roberts, Patrick James. "An Experimental Study of Concurrent Methods for Adaptively Controlling Vertical Tail Buffet in High Performance Aircraft." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19863.

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High performance twin-tail aircraft, like the F-15 and F/A-18, encounter a condition known as tail buffet. At high angles of attack, vortices are generated at the wing fuselage interface (shoulder) or other leading edge extensions. These vortices are directed toward the twin vertical tails. When the flow interacts with the vertical tail it creates pressure variations that can oscillate the vertical tail assembly. This results in fatigue cracks in the vertical tail assembly that can decrease the fatigue life and increase maintenance costs. For many years, research has been conducted to understand this phenomenon of buffet and to reduce its adverse effects on the fatigue life of aerospace structures. Many proposed solutions to this tail buffet problem have had limited success. These include strengthening the tail, modifying the vortex flow, using an active rudder control, and leading edge extensions. Some of the proposed active controls include piezoelectric actuators. Recently, an offset piezoceramic stack actuator was used on an F-15 wind tunnel model to control buffet induced vibrations at high angles of attack. The controller was based on acceleration feedback control methods. In this thesis a procedure for designing the offset piezoceramic stack actuators is developed. This design procedure includes determining the quantity and type of piezoceramic stacks used in these actuators. The changes of stresses, in the vertical tail caused by these actuators during an active control, are investigated. In many cases, linear controllers are very effective in reducing vibrations. However, during flight, the natural frequencies of the vertical tail structural system changes as the airspeed increases. This in turn, reduces the effectiveness of a linear controller. Other causes such as the unmodeled dynamics and nonlinear effects due to debonds also reduce the effectiveness of linear controllers. In this thesis, an adaptive neural network is used to augment the linear controller to correct these effects.
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Roberts, Brian C. "Turn performance and flight dynamics of a pterosaur and a pterosaur-inspired variable-placement vertical tail aircraft." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024421.

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Carn, Cheril, and cheril Carn@dsto defence gov au. "The inverse determination of aircraft loading using artificial neural network analysis of structural response data with statistical methods." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080109.090600.

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An artificial Neural Network (ANN) system has been developed that can analyse aircraft flight data to provide a reconstruction of the aerodynamic loads experienced by the aircraft during flight, including manoeuvre, buffet and distributed loading. For this research data was taken from the International Follow-On Structural Test Project (IFOSTP) F/A-18 fatigue test conducted by the Royal Australian Air Force and Canadian Forces. This fatigue test involved the simultaneous application of both manouevre and buffet loads using airbag actuators and shakers. The applied loads were representative of the actual loads experienced by an FA/18 during flight tests. Following an evaluation of different ANN types an Ellman network with three linear layers was selected. The Elman back-propagation network was tested with various parameters and structures. The network was trained using the MATLAB 'traingdx' function with is a gradient descent with momentum and adaptive learning rate back-propagation algorithm. The ANN was able to provide a good approximation of the actual manoeuvre or buffet loads at the location where the training loads data were recorded even for input values which differ from the training input values. In further tests the ability to estimate distributed loading at locations not included in the training data was also demonstrated. The ANN was then modified to incorporate various methods for the calculation and prediction of output error and reliability Used in combination and in appropriate circumstances, the addition of these capabilities significantly increase the reliability, accuracy and therefore usefulness of the ANN system's ability to estimate aircraft loading.To demonstrate the ANN system's usefulness as a fatigue monitoring tool it was combined with a formulae for crack growth analysis. Results inficate the ANN system may be a useful fatigue monitoring tool enabling real time monitoring of aircraft critical components using existing strain gauge sensors.
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NOLL, MICHAEL PAUL. "VERTICAL LIFE: RECONFIGURED." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1053691715.

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Manrique, A., A. Manrique, J. Saman, S. Rodriguez, and K. Melendez. "Productivity improvement of tower crane in tall buildings." Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651736.

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The tower crane is an electromechanical equipment that is used for the vertical transport of materials in a construction project and together with the two riggers form the work team to carry out this task. One of the main problems in the construction of multifamily buildings corresponds to the use of the tower crane because vertical transport causes non-contributory times, which is, dead times and waits above expectations. This research analyzes the current vertical transport process and proposes its optimization through some management tools with the aim of improving the productivity of the use of the tower crane by reducing non-contributory times. To this end, the productivity of the work team is recorded in several projects with similar characteristics, then the main problems are selected to analyze them and finally the process is optimized. The results determined that non-contributory times can be reduced by 10% if there is an orderly and continuous process.
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Jin, Zengxiang. "An automated size synthesis system for preliminary design of tall buildings under both vertical and lateral loads /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202002%20JIN.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-128). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Chait, Arnon. "On the secondary flow and its stability for natural convection in tall vertical enclosures /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487268021748997.

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Books on the topic "Vertical tail"

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Shoop, Brian P. Structural design analysis of the Tail Landing Gear Bay and the vertical. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain). Summer Exhibition., ed. Sky high: Vertical architecture. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2003.

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The vertical building structure. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990.

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A cidade vertical e o urbanismo modernizador. 2nd ed. São Paulo, SP: Editora Mackenzie, 2014.

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Somekh, Nadia. A cidade vertical e o urbanismo modernizador: São Paulo, 1920-1939. São Paulo, SP: Edusp, 1997.

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Lee, M. F. F/A-18 IFOSTP fatigue test airbag load determination on the vertical and horizontal tails. Melbourne: DSTO Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory, 1995.

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Suzuki, Juliana Harumi. Idealizações de modernidade: Arquitetura dos edifícios verticais em Londrina, 1949-1969. Londrina, PR: KAN Editora, 2011.

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Suzuki, Juliana Harumi. Idealizações de modernidade: Arquitetura dos edifícios verticais em Londrina, 1949-1969. Londrina, PR: KAN Editora, 2011.

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High-rise: Percorsi nella storia dell'architettura e dell'urbanistica del XIX e del XX secolo attraverso la dimensione verticale. Torino: UTET libreria, 2004.

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Burley, James R. Experimental and numerical results for a generic axisymmetric single-engine afterbody with horizontal and vertical tails at transonic speeds. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vertical tail"

1

Singh, Vickram M., and Peter Scholz. "Circulation Control Experiments on a Vertical Tail." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 107–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52429-6_7.

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Khan, Umar D. "Cat’s Tail Vertical Scar Mastopexy with Bipedicle Flap for Ptotic Breasts." In Aesthetic Surgery of the Breast, 635–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43407-9_33.

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Wanhill, Russell, Simon Barter, and Loris Molent. "LCFLF Example Lifing Assessment (2004): F/A-18 Vertical Tail Attachment Stubs." In SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, 61–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1675-6_7.

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Marriage, Guy. "Core: vertical circulation." In Tall, 157–78. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429435720-9.

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Oldfield, Philip. "Vertical communities." In The Sustainable Tall Building, 129–44. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315695686-5.

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Tsai, Allen C., Peter W. Gibbens, and R. Hugh Stone. "Terminal Phase Vision-Based Target Recognition and 3D Pose Estimation for a Tail-Sitter, Vertical Takeoff and Landing Unmanned Air Vehicle." In Advances in Image and Video Technology, 672–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11949534_67.

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Oldfield, Philip. "Mixed-use and emerging vertical programmes." In The Sustainable Tall Building, 147–74. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315695686-6.

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"Vertical Tail Loads." In Structural Loads Analysis for Commercial Transport Aircraft, 143–61. Washington DC: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600862465.0143.0161.

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"Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering." In Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering, edited by Boyd Kynard, Martin Horgan, Don Pugh, Erika Henyey, and Tim Parker. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874028.ch1.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Fish ladder designs that pass adult sturgeons are poorly studied. This is partly due to difficulties associated with obtaining and testing large adults. To learn about behavior and swimming of sturgeons in fish ladder environments, we observed juvenile lake sturgeon <em>Acipenser fulvescens </em>to determine the type of ladder opening that fish passed best. We also constructed a short fish ladder (6% slope) using the best opening type and determined the general usefulness of the ladder design to pass juvenile lake sturgeon, pallid sturgeon <em>Scaphirhynchus albus </em>and shovelnose sturgeon <EM>S</EM>. <em>platorynchus</em>. Lake sturgeon swam upstream through orifice and vertical openings better than through surface weir or weir and orifice openings. Because 37% of the fish hit the orifice when swimming upstream, and also, sturgeon could be damaged passing downstream through an orifice, we focused on testing a ladder design with vertical openings. A side-baffle ladder design that created vertical openings that alternated from side to side showed promise at passing the three species of sturgeons. All lake sturgeons (<EM>N </EM>= 15), most pallid sturgeons (12 of 22 fish, 55%), and 1 of 3 shovelnose sturgeons ascended the side-baffle design. Also, all sturgeon species moved safely downstream in the side-baffle ladder by passively drifting tail-first. Mean velocity in side-baffle openings was 60–75 cm/s, so sturgeons could use prolonged swimming speed to swim upstream. Vertical openings were wide enough for fish to partially erect their pectoral fins, likely a critical factor for maintaining balance. Our observations suggest that a ladder for adults should have vertical openings, enable fish to swim continuously and not stop at cross-channel barriers, have resting areas, enable fish to safely drift downstream, and enable fish to swim upstream using prolonged swim speed. The study of juvenile sturgeon behavior and swimming ability can contribute to developing a fish ladder for adults. This approach to fish ladder development can be used for other species with large adults.
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"Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering." In Advances in Fisheries Bioengineering, edited by Boyd Kynard, Martin Horgan, Don Pugh, Erika Henyey, and Tim Parker. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874028.ch1.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Fish ladder designs that pass adult sturgeons are poorly studied. This is partly due to difficulties associated with obtaining and testing large adults. To learn about behavior and swimming of sturgeons in fish ladder environments, we observed juvenile lake sturgeon <em>Acipenser fulvescens </em>to determine the type of ladder opening that fish passed best. We also constructed a short fish ladder (6% slope) using the best opening type and determined the general usefulness of the ladder design to pass juvenile lake sturgeon, pallid sturgeon <em>Scaphirhynchus albus </em>and shovelnose sturgeon <EM>S</EM>. <em>platorynchus</em>. Lake sturgeon swam upstream through orifice and vertical openings better than through surface weir or weir and orifice openings. Because 37% of the fish hit the orifice when swimming upstream, and also, sturgeon could be damaged passing downstream through an orifice, we focused on testing a ladder design with vertical openings. A side-baffle ladder design that created vertical openings that alternated from side to side showed promise at passing the three species of sturgeons. All lake sturgeons (<EM>N </EM>= 15), most pallid sturgeons (12 of 22 fish, 55%), and 1 of 3 shovelnose sturgeons ascended the side-baffle design. Also, all sturgeon species moved safely downstream in the side-baffle ladder by passively drifting tail-first. Mean velocity in side-baffle openings was 60–75 cm/s, so sturgeons could use prolonged swimming speed to swim upstream. Vertical openings were wide enough for fish to partially erect their pectoral fins, likely a critical factor for maintaining balance. Our observations suggest that a ladder for adults should have vertical openings, enable fish to swim continuously and not stop at cross-channel barriers, have resting areas, enable fish to safely drift downstream, and enable fish to swim upstream using prolonged swim speed. The study of juvenile sturgeon behavior and swimming ability can contribute to developing a fish ladder for adults. This approach to fish ladder development can be used for other species with large adults.
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Conference papers on the topic "Vertical tail"

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KANDIL, OSAMA, HAMDY KANDIL, and STEVEN MASSEY. "Simulation of tail buffet using delta wing-vertical tail configuration." In Flight Simulation and Technologies. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3688.

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Romberg, Oliver. "Passive Damping of a Vertical Tail." In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-i.2.09.

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Findlay, David, and David Findlay. "Numerical analysis of vertical tail buffet." In 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-621.

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Patel, Suresh, Christopher Black, William Anderson, and Faustino Zapata. "F/A-22 Vertical Tail Buffet Strength Certification." In 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-2292.

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Crider, Leah. "Control of Commercial Aircraft with Vertical Tail Loss." In AIAA 4th Aviation Technology, Integration and Operations (ATIO) Forum. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-6293.

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Sheta, Essam, and Lawrence Huttsell. "Numerical analysis of F/A-18 vertical tail buffeting." In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-1664.

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Hauch, R., J. Jacobs, K. Ravindra, and C. Dima. "Reduction of vertical tail buffet response using active control." In 36th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1080.

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Amprikidis, Michael, Jonathan Cooper, and Otto Sensburg. "Experimental Investigation of an All-Movable Vertical Tail Model." In 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1413.

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Roberts, Patrick, Bong-Jun Yang, Sathya Hanagud, Anthony Calise, and James Craig. "Adaptive Control of F/A-18 Vertical Tail Buffeting." In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6345.

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Massey, Steven, and Osama Kandil. "Effect of apex flap deflection on vertical tail buffeting." In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-762.

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Reports on the topic "Vertical tail"

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Zheng, Wanzheng, and Jason Merret. Aerodynamic Survey of Novel eVTOL Configuration Using SU2. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-014.

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Abstract:
This report summarizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) geometries using the SU2 Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. Geometries were generated based on the Smart Transportation Infrastructure Initiative (STII) Rappor 15th iteration with various rotor-installment solutions. It was found that although open rotors installed on an underwing pylon were superior to shrouded rotors installed in a canoe, the canoe configuration would provide more potential for improvement, and using a canoe door to cover the first rotor opening would reduce the drag experienced by the canoe case below that upon the rod case. Rotor doors were found to be most efficient in reducing drag of the canoe case: Average drag reduction with covering the first rotor and all rotors was 66 and 165 counts, respectively. Changing rotor distributions along the chordwise direction had minimal impact on drag reduction, and placing rotors along the spanwise direction was not advised due to the increase of the projected frontal area. Increasing canoe chord length did not have significant impact on drag reduction; and if rotor doors were implemented, increasing canoe size had negative impact on drag. Rounding rotor edges did not change the aerodynamic performance of the canoe case but promotes vertical air intake when running lifting fans. Drag received by the canoe parabolically correlated to rotor diameter, with 126 counts of drag if the rotor diameter was 0 and 377 counts if the rotor diameter was 2.95 ft. Fuselage and tail added an average 179 counts of drag, and thus the aforementioned differences were still significant in the scale of aerodynamic properties of the full configuration.
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Ferman, Marty A., and Elijah W. Turner. An Experimental Investigation of Tangential Blowing to Reduce Buffet Response of the Vertical Tails of an F-15 Wind Tunnel Model. Volume 3 - Oscillatory Pressure Data. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416808.

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Ferman, Marty A., and Elijah W. Turner. An Experimental Investigation of Tangential Blowing to Reduce to Buffet Response of the Vertical Tails of an F-15 Wind Tunnel Model. Volume 2 Response Data. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377712.

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