Journal articles: 'Vertical-slot design fishway'

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Rodríguez, Álvaro, María Bermúdez, Juan R. Rabuñal, and Jerónimo Puertas. "Fish tracking in vertical slot fishways using computer vision techniques." Journal of Hydroinformatics 17, no. 2 (November 5, 2014): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2014.034.

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Vertical slot fishways are hydraulic structures which allow the upstream migration of fish through obstructions in rivers. The appropriate design of these devices should take into account the behavior and biological requirements of the target fish species. However, little is known at the present time about fish behavior in these artificial conditions, which hinders the development of more effective fishway design criteria. In this work, an efficient technique to study fish trajectories and behavior in vertical slot fishways is proposed. It uses computer vision techniques to analyze images collected from a camera system and effectively track fish inside the fishway. Edge and region analysis algorithms are employed to detect fish in extreme image conditions and Kalman filtering is used to track fish along time. The proposed solution has been extensively validated through several experiments, obtaining promising results which may help to improve the design of fish passage devices.

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G. Doupé, Robert, David L. Morgan, and Howard S. Gill. "Prospects for a restorative fishery enhancement of Lake Kununurra: a high-level tropical impoundment on the Ord River, Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 2 (2005): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050136.

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The high-level irrigation water supply dams of the Ord River in tropical Western Australia impede the movement of Barramundi Lates cafcarifer and other tropical fish species. A recreational Barramundi fishery enhancement of Lake Kununurra using a fishway has been widely promoted as advancing fishery conservation and the reformation of land and water management practices within the greater Ord River region. Of the fishways considered here, none have been found to admit Barramundi in the numbers and size classes necessary to establish or maintain the recreational fishery. Reasons for this include an inadequate understanding of fish behaviour and/or fishway deSign faults. The seemingly reluctant use of fishways by Barramundi might also be confounded by some observations being made on rivers where Barramundi populations are either comparatively small or non-existent. The alternative to a fishway is hatchery stocking. This option, like a dedicated Barramundi fishway, represents a single-species approach to fishery enhancement and is the least legitimate attempt to restore the ecological integrity of the fish communities of either Lake Kununurra or the Ord River. We argue that progress toward the restoration of the lake should continue, though a fishery enhancement programme that incorporates the broader fish community and not just a single species, would better rebuild the presently degraded Ord River system. Of the available options, we recommend testing an experimental model that incorporates aspects of the vertical-slot and bypass fishway designs, with the objectives being to learn migratory fish behaviour, abundance, and patterns and cues for fish movement. This approach can incorporate Barramundi as the target species to better understand entrance design constraints, minimum slot widths for larger fish, and operation under low flows during peak irrigation water demands, but still accommodate the movement of tropical fishes during these periods.

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Gilja, Gordon, Eva Ocvirk, and Robert Fliszar. "Experimental Investigation of the Reynolds Shear Stress Exceedance Rate for the Injury and Disorientation Biocriteria Boundary in the Pool-Orifice and Vertical Slot Type Fishways." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 21, 2021): 7708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167708.

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Fragmentation of rivers has a negative impact on river’s ecological status which can be improved by the construction of fishways next to obstacles in rivers that prevent a free migration. Flow field characteristics are key factors in the design process of hydraulically efficient fishways—flow and turbulence patterns in a functional fishway allow fish to enter, progress through and exit with minimum time/energy expenditure. The aim of this paper is an experimental study of the flow field characteristics measured in the physical fishway model with the goal of providing information on the Reynold’s shear stress distribution that would facilitate their design in accordance with the environmental requirements. The focus of the research was on the nominally hydraulically efficient con-figuration pool-type fishways—pool-orifice and vertical slot. Fishway geometry was varied for bottom slope (7.5%, 10% and 12.5%), pool length (45 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm) and orifice size (8 × 8 cm, 10 × 10 cm and 12 × 12 cm) in a model scaled 1:3 to the prototype. Since Reynold’s shear stress has been identified as the main turbulent parameter affecting fish swimming performance and behavior, it is used as the basis for the analyses. The velocity data were collected with Vectrino ADV and processed in all three planes—streamwise, horizontal and vertical. Reynold’s shear stress data were analyzed according to the injury (>50 N/m2) and disorientation (>30 N/m2) biocriteria boundaries defined in the literature. The percentage of the flow field exceeding the boundaries were analyzed depending on the fishway geometry. The results obtained in this research suggest that the critical design parameter is the orifice size for the pool-orifice fishways and the pool length for the VS fishway. The Reynold’s shear stress is generally the highest in the bottom layer for pool-orifice fishways and the surface layer for vertical slot fishways.

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Sanagiotto, Daniela, Júlia Rossi, and Juan Bravo. "Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics in The Design and Rehabilitation of Nonstandard Vertical Slot Fishways." Water 11, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020199.

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Vertical slot fishways are increasingly common structures for the passage of a wide variety of migratory fish and contribute to the maintenance of fish diversity in fragmented rivers. These structures are designed with several geometric arrangements and, consequently, flow patterns through them can be shaped to present suitable characteristics for the fish species. To aid in the design of vertical slot fishways, a three-dimensional numerical model was used to simulate the flow for different geometric configurations. An existing vertical slot fishway with nonstandard dimensions was initially modeled and validated. This geometry was used as a reference design. Modifications to the reference design, such as the insertion of cylinders, changes in the baffle shape and position of the vertical slots, as possible rehabilitation measures, were proposed and tested. In summary, five different designs were evaluated with several slopes, totaling 17 geometries. Hydraulic parameters, flow patterns, maximum velocities, velocity fields and turbulence kinetic energy in the pools were analyzed. The results indicate that the maximum velocity values were between 9% and 68% higher than those obtained by the theoretical equation. This indicates that maximum velocities can be underestimated for nonstandard vertical slot fishways if a simplified evaluation is conducted. The insertion of cylinders in the region close to the slot reduces the maximum velocity up to 8.2%. The positioning of the vertical slots on alternating sides increases the maximum values of turbulence kinetic energy and the regions subjected to higher values. However, this configuration provided greater energy dissipation and reduction of velocities by up to 27%. Thus, modifications in nonstandard vertical slot fishways can be useful in future design or rehabilitation of existing structures in order to provide velocities and turbulence more friendly for a higher number of fish species.

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Mallen-Cooper, M. "Swimming ability of adult golden perch, Macquaria ambigua (Percichthyidae), and adult silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Teraponidae), in an experimental vertical-slot fishway." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 2 (1994): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9940191.

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The swimming abilities of adult golden perch, Macquaria ambigua (Richardson) (Percichthyidae) (441�16 mm, mean total length+s.d.), and adult silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell) (Teraponidae) (258 �10 mm, mean fork length � s.d.), were tested in an experimental vertical-slot fishway. These two Australian species are potamodromous, and the adult fish move upstream large distances. Golden perch readily used the vertical-slot fishway, and a 20-min NV90 (the maximum water velocity that 90% of the fish in a sample can negotiate in 20 min) of 1.83 m s-1 (95% confidence limits 1.43-2.03 m s-1) is recommended for fishway design in the Murray-Darling river system. This velocity equates to a 171-mm step height between fishway pools and should be applied to a minimum pool size of 3 m (length) by 2 m (width) to avoid excessive turbulence. Lower velocities and larger pools might be necessary for long fishways or where there are large migrations of fish. Some silver perch used the fishway, but the results for this species were inconclusive. Fish were re-used at different velocities during the experiment, and a learning trial indicated that the number of fish negotiating the fishway increased with repeated use of the fish.

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Stuart, Ivor G., Brenton P. Zampatti, and Lee J. Baumgartner. "Can a low-gradient vertical-slot fishway provide passage for a lowland river fish community?" Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 4 (2008): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07141.

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Fishways are commonly used to restore native fish movements in regulated rivers. In the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, 14 fishways are to be built by 2011 to improve passage along 2225 km of the river. The first of these fishways, constructed in 2003, is a vertical-slot design with low water velocities (0.98–1.4 m s–1) and turbulence (average 42 W m–3). This design was selected to provide passage for individuals between 20 and 1000 mm long. To determine passage success, trapping and a remote automated passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag reading system was used from October 2003 to February 2006. In 57 24-h samples at the exit (upstream end) and entrance (downstream end), 13 species and 30 409 fish were collected at a maximum rate of 4415 fish per day. Fish between 31 and 1030 mm successfully ascended the fishway. However, significantly smaller (<31 mm) fish and small-bodied (<50 mm) carp gudgeons (Hypseleotris spp.), a species previously considered non-migratory, were sampled downstream from the entrance of the fishway. The remote PIT tag reading system revealed that 81% of native golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) and 87% of non-native common carp (Cyprinus carpio) successfully ascended the fishway. These data will help maximise the efficiency of future fishways against a series of pre-determined performance criteria.

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Mallen-Cooper, M. "Swimming ability of juvenile Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata (Steindachner), and juvenile barramundi, LAtes calcarifer (Bloch), in an experimental vertical-slot fishway." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 4 (1992): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9920823.

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Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata, and barramundi, Lates calcarlfer, are catadromous fish that spawn in estuaries and the juveniles migrate upstream into fresh water. Lowland fishways in the range of these species therefore need to accommodate these juvenile fish. The swimming abilities of three size classes (fork length (LCF) + s.d.: 40 * 3 mm, 64 + 5 mm and 93 + 8 mm) of juvenile Australian bass and one size class (43 4 mm total length) of juvenile barramundi were tested in an experimental vertical-slot fishway. Water velocity was calculated from the head loss in water level between adjacent pools in the fishway, using a coefficient of discharge (Cd) of 1.0. Both species readily negotiated the fishway at low water velocities, indicating that the fish were in a migratory mode and that these fish could use the vertical-slot design of the fishway. The sigmoidal decrease in this ability with increasing water velocity was described by a probit regression. The NV95 value (maximum negotiable water velocity for 95% of the sample) is suggested as the suitable maximum-velocity criterion for vertical-slot fishways for these fishes. The NV95 values were 0.66 m s-1 for 43-mm barramundi, 1.02 m s-1 for 40-mm bass, 1.40 m s-1 for 64-mm bass and 1.84 m s-1 for 93-mm bass. The NV95 for barramundi is probably an underestimate of their swimming ability in the wild because the water temperature was low for this species. Up to 20% of the 93-mm bass died at test velocities greater than 2.0 m s-1, but there were no mortalities of other fish during or immediately following a trial. The results indicate that water velocity in fishways for juvenile bass and barramundi should not exceed 1.4 m s-1 in a cell size of 1.5 m length and 1.0 m width. The relative swimming speeds (body lengths per second) of bass in the fishway are higher than other estimates of burst swimming speeds of juvenile fish obtained from studies in flumes. This indicates that data from the latter type of study should not be used to determine water velocities for fishways.

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Zhang, Di, Chunming Liu, Xiaotao Shi, Yakun Liu, and Yingmin Qu. "A novel H-shape fishway with excellent hydraulic characteristics." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 71, no. 1 (February 4, 2023): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2022-0026.

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Abstract Fishway design not only takes into account the swimming abilities of target fishes, but also considers the hydrodynamic characteristics within the fishway. In this study, the flow fields of one vertical-slot fishway (i.e. VSF), five T-shape fishways (i.e. TSF-1~TSF-5) and two H-shape fishways (i.e. HSF-1 and HSF-2) are numerically simulated by solving the three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the K-Omega-SST turbulence model. The numerical results clearly indicate that the hydrodynamic properties of HSF-2 are overall superior to the remaining seven cases, in terms of the time-averaged flow pattern, the time-averaged velocity magnitude, the depth-mean time-averaged velocity magnitude along the vertical-slot section, the volume percentages of the time-averaged velocity magnitude less than some critical values, and the distribution of the time-averaged turbulent kinetic energy. Therefore, HSF-2 is more friendly for fishes with relatively smaller sizes and weaker swimming capacities to transfer upstream. The novel HSF-2 is firstly proposed in this paper, and it is naturally designed during the process of improving the flow regime. Furthermore, the generalizability of the superiority of HSF-2 over VSF and the original T-shape fishway (i.e. TSF-1) has been exhibited with the aid of the numerical results of four operating conditions (i.e. Q = 400 L/s, 600 L/s, 800 L/s and 1000 L/s).

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Romão, Filipe, Ana L. Quaresma, José M. Santos, Paulo Branco, and António N. Pinheiro. "Cyprinid passage performance in an experimental multislot fishway across distinct seasons." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 6 (2019): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18232.

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New engineering solutions are required to minimise the effects of an increasing number of anthropogenic barriers on watercourses. Longitudinal connectivity must be provided through fishways to allow free passage for the whole fish community. Recently, a multislot fishway (MSF) was developed, with two consecutive vertical slots that divide the overall head drop by two, thus reducing the flow velocity, the magnitude of turbulence and operational discharge compared with a standard vertical slot fishway (VSF) with similar pool and slot dimensions. The present study assessed the effectiveness of a MSF design for two cyprinid species with different ecological traits, under laboratory conditions, namely the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei), a large-bodied potamodromous benthic fish, and the southern Iberian chub (Squalius pyrenaicus), a small-bodied water column fish. Experiments were conducted in a full-scale experimental fishway, in spring and autumn. Results showed differences in passage performance between seasons and species. During spring, chub had a higher entry efficiency and shorter transit time to fully negotiate the fishway, whereas no seasonal differences were found for the barbel. Overall, the MSF could be considered a cost-effective design for cyprinids with different ecological traits because it offers lower operational costs than a standard VSF. However, concerns about the entrance and attraction conditions should be addressed. In addition, because of the lower operational discharge, the propensity for obstruction with woody debris and sediments should not be disregarded.

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Guo, Zhuo Min, Gao Zhu, Yu Jing Bie, and Meng Jun Tang. "Influence of Hydraulic Factor of Vertical-Slot Fishway on Swimming Ability of Fish." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1988–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1988.

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Vertical-slot fishway is widely used in different shape of fish-way due to the adaptability to water level amplitude, the hydraulic characteristics of the vertical-slot fish-way of different scale has been extensively researched by researcher domestic and overseas, the energy dissipation mechanism and hydraulic characteristics of the fish-way in different scale under different inflow has been acquainted now. In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of Vertical-slot fish-way of different size under water depth, inflow and slope is analyzed , influence of water depth, flow velocity, dissipation rating per unit volume and turbulent energy etc. On fish swimming ability is discussed, and design of fish-way is evaluated by relevant hydraulic factor of fish swimming characteristics. Finally the research method and experience abroad is summarized in the paper.

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Cao, Ping, Xiangpeng Mu, Xiang Li, Baoligao Baiyin, Xiuying Wang, and Wanyue Zhen. "Relationship between Upstream Swimming Behaviors of Juvenile Grass Carp and Characteristic Hydraulic Conditions of a Vertical Slot Fishway." Water 13, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091299.

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The successful fish upstream movement through a dam/gate is closely associated with the hydraulic conditions of a fishway. To improve the passage efficiency, this study investigated the upstream swimming behaviors of juvenile grass carp, a representative fish of four major Chinese carps, under characteristic hydraulic conditions of a designed vertical slot fishway model. The impacts of different discharges and baffle lead angles on the successful movement of test fish were analyzed, and the selection of the movement trajectory was studied through overlay of their upstream swimming trajectories on the water flow field resulting from numerical modeling. We found that under the same discharge, the percentage of successful test fish movement with a lead angle of 45° was higher than 60° and 30°. Within a fixed lead angle, the higher the discharge, the lower the percentage of successful movement. During upstream movement, the test fish had a preferred water velocity of 0.01–0.45 m/s in the pool, and avoided areas where the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) was greater than 0.012 m2/s2. These results provide a basis for the hydraulic design of vertical slot fishways and a reference for studying swimming behaviors of other fish species.

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Zhao, Hanqing, Yun Xu, Yang Lu, Shanshan Lu, Jie Dai, and Dinghua Meng. "Numerical Study of Vertical Slot Fishway Flow with Supplementary Cylinders." Water 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14111772.

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The vertical slot fishway (VSF) is one of the most common types of fishway facilitating migratory fish movement past obstacles in rivers, such as dams. The uniform vertical distribution of velocity is friendly to fishes with different depth preferences, but unfriendly to fishes with different swimming capacities. For an established VSF, the insertion of an additional structure is a more convenient and effective way to change the flow field rather than altering the original elements. Numerical experiments were carried out using large-eddy simulation (LES) to optimize a typical VSF with supplementary cylinders for fishes with low swimming capacity. The computational domain of the original design is idealized as a box including two pairs of baffles with the periodic boundary condition used in the streamwise direction. The numerical model is well validated by comparison of time-averaged velocity and turbulence kinetic energy with the ADV measurements at gauging points and lines. Two arrangements of cylinders with different numbers and diameters were investigated and compared with the original design based on the first and second-order hydrodynamic statistics at the half height of the VSF. The insertion of cylinders significantly alters the flow field by introducing a branch path of relatively low-speed current. The arrangement of four slim cylinders slightly outperformed that of one thick cylinder against velocity homogeneity along the minor migration path. Although the turbulence intensity is enhanced due to the additional cylinders, the perturbation on fishes is not significant due to the small size of these vortices.

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Bravo-Córdoba, Francisco Javier, Juan Francisco Fuentes-Pérez, Jorge Valbuena-Castro, Andrés Martínez de Azagra-Paredes, and Francisco Javier Sanz-Ronda. "Turning Pools in Stepped Fishways: Biological Assessment via Fish Response and CFD Models." Water 13, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091186.

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With the aim of building more compact fishways and adapting them to field conditions to improve their location by fish, it is common to use turning pools, reducing the longitudinal development of the construction. However, depending on their design, turning pools may affect the hydraulic performance of the fishway and consequently the fish passage. To study these phenomena, turning pools in a vertical slot and in different configurations of submerged notches with bottom orifice fishway types were assessed. Both types of fishways were studied using numerical 3D models via OpenFOAM, a computational fluid dynamics software, in combination with fish responses, assessed with PIT (Passive Integrated Transponder) tag telemetry for three different species of potamodromous cyprinids in several fishways. Results show differences between the hydrodynamics of straight and turning pools, with lower values in the hydrodynamic variables in turning pools. Regarding fish behavior, the ascent was slower in turning pools but with no effect on passage success and without being a problem for fish migration. This information validates the use of turning pools as a key design component for fishways for studied species.

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Mao, Xi. "Design of Baffle and Slope for Hydraulic Characteristics of Vertical Slot Fishway." American Journal of Physics and Applications 5, no. 2 (2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20170502.13.

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Cai, Lu, Jihua Chen, David Johnson, Zhiying Tu, and Yingping Huang. "Effect of body length on swimming capability and vertical slot fishway design." Global Ecology and Conservation 22 (June 2020): e00990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00990.

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Bombač, Martin, Gorazd Novak, Primož Rodič, and Matjaž Četina. "Numerical and physical model study of a vertical slot fishway." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2014-0013.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study of a vertical slot fishway (VSF). A 2-D depth-averaged shallow water numerical model PCFLOW2D coupled with three different turbulent models (constant eddy viscosity, Smagorinsky and k - ε) was used. A detailed analysis of numerical parameters needed for a correct simulation of the phenomenon was carried out. Besides the velocity field, attention was paid to important hydraulic parameters such as maximum velocity in the slot region and energy dissipation rate ε in order to evaluate the performance of VSF. A scaled physical hydraulic model was built to ensure reliable experimental data for the validation of the numerical model. Simulations of variant configurations of VSF showed that even small changes in geometry can produce more fishfriendly flow characteristics in pools. The present study indicates that the PCFLOW2D program is an appropriate tool to meet the main demands of the VSF design.

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Ahmadi, Mohammad, Amir Ghaderi, Hossein MohammadNezhad, Alban Kuriqi, and Silvia Di Francesco. "Numerical Investigation of Hydraulics in a Vertical Slot Fishway with Upgraded Configurations." Water 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 2711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192711.

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The implementation of vertical slot fishway (VSF) has been demonstrated to be an effective mitigation measure to alleviate extensive river fragmentation by artificial hydraulic structures such as weirs and dams. However, non-suitable flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy significantly affect fish swimming behavior and, as a result, hinder such facilities’ performance. Therefore, this study’s main objective is to propose a new configuration of VSF that can allow the passage of different fish species under frequent variations of flow discharge. To achieve that objective several novel configurations of VSF were numerically investigated using the FLOW-3D® model. Namely, five variants of angles between baffles, four different pool widths, and another upgraded version of VSF by introducing cylindrical elements positioned after the opening behind the baffles were tested. Results show that smaller angles between baffles increase the Vmax and decrease the maximum turbulent kinetic energy (TKEmax); the opposite result was obtained when increasing angles between baffles. Namely, the Vmax was increased up to 17.9% for α = 0° and decreased up to 20.37% for α = 37°; in contrast, TKEmax decreased up to −20% for α = 0° and increased up to 26.5% for α = 37°. Narrowing the pool width increased the Vmax linearly; nevertheless, it did not significantly affect the TKEmax as the maximum difference was only +3.5%. Using cylinders with a large diameter decreased the Vmax and increased TKEmax; in contrast, using cylinders with smaller diameters further reduced the Vmax velocity inside the pool while increasing the TKEmax. However, in the case of cylinders, the dimension of the recirculation depended on the configuration and arrangement of the cylinder within the pool. Overall, the maximum velocity was reached at near 77% of the water depth in all cases. Finally, solution-oriented findings resulted from this study would help water engineers to design cost-effective VSF fishways to support the sustainable development of hydraulic structures while preserving aquatic biodiversity.

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Jones, M. J., L. J. Baumgartner, B. P. Zampatti, and K. Beyer. "Low light inhibits native fish movement through a vertical-slot fishway: Implications for engineering design." Fisheries Management and Ecology 24, no. 3 (March 16, 2017): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fme.12205.

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Tan, Junjun, Zhenbiao Liu, Yu Wang, Yuanyang Wang, Senfan Ke, and Xiaotao Shi. "Analysis of Movements and Behavior of Bighead Carps (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) Considering Fish Passage Energetics in an Experimental Vertical Slot Fishway." Animals 12, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12131725.

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An understanding of fish movement behavior in response to flow field variables is important for exploring the hydrodynamic strategies of fish in fish passages. In this paper, bighead carps were taken as an example. The fish movement behavior response to water flow field information by means of estimating the energetic expenditure using an IBM approach in an experimental fishway was investigated. Fish swimming velocity, drag force, and energy expenditure were analyzed in varied flow conditions related to hydraulic variables, including velocity (V), turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and strain rate (SR). The result indicated that the fish will require more energy in high TKE zones. This study provides a reference for optimizing the design of fish passages and fisheries management. This method can be applied to assess the efficiency of fish bypass structures and conduct fish survival studies.

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Schwalme, Karl, William C. Mackay, and Dieter Lindner. "Suitability of Vertical Slot and Denil Fishways for Passing North-Temperate, Nonsalmonid Fish." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-227.

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A vertical slot fishway and two Denil fishways (of 10 and 20% slope) built into a weir on the Lesser Slave River (55°18′N, 115°45′W) were studied from May 12 to June 25, 1984, to determine how effectively these designs pass north-temperate, nonsalmonid fishes. Thousands of spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), substantial numbers (> 100) of northern pike (Esox lucius), longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), immature yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and lesser numbers of burbot (Lota lota), adult yellow perch, lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), and trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus) ascended the fishways. Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and goldeye (Hiodon alosoides), although probably moving extensively through the river, did not use the fishways. Although high water levels allowed most fish to surmount the weir, of those that chose the fishway, pike strongly preferred to ascend the Denil fishways and the two sucker species preferred to ascend the vertical slot. Therefore, a combination of several different fishways may be required for the most efficient passage of a wide variety of species. Plasma glucose and lactate measurements on pike revealed that ascending the Denil fishways was only moderately stressful for these fish.

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Rajaratnam, N., C. Katopodis, and S. Solanki. "New designs for vertical slot fishways." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 3 (June 1, 1992): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-049.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental study on 18 designs of vertical slot fishways. Based on these results, it appears that a width of 8b0 and a length of 10b0 for the pools, where b0 is the slot width, are satisfactory, and minor variations can be made to these dimensions without affecting their satisfactory performance. In the two general groups of designs, design 6 in the first group and designs 16 and 18 in the second group are recommended for practical use. Key words: fishways, hydraulics, turbulent flow, open-channel flow, hydraulic design.

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Duarte, Bernardo Alan de Freitas, Isabella Cristina Resende Ramos, and Hersília de Andrade e. Santos. "Reynolds shear-stress and velocity: positive biological response of neotropical fishes to hydraulic parameters in a vertical slot fishway." Neotropical Ichthyology 10, no. 4 (October 2012): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000400014.

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The barriers created by dams can cause negative impacts to aquatic communities, and migratory fish species are directly affected. Fishways have been developed to allow the upstream passage of fishes through dams. In Brazil, after the implementation of environmental laws, these structures have been built based on European and American fishway designs. Studies have shown selectivity for different neotropical fishes in some Brazilian fishways, and the main challenge has been to promote upstream passage of a large number of diverse fish species. The patterns of flow circulation within the fish ladder may explain fish selectivity although few studies detail the fish response to hydraulic characteristics of fish ladder flow. This paper presents a laboratory study, where a vertical slot fishway was built in a hydraulic flume and the behavior of two neotropical fish species (Leporinus reinhardti and Pimelodus maculatus) were analyzed. The structure of flow was expressed in terms of mean velocity, Reynolds shear-stress and velocity fluctuation fields. The individuals of Leporinus reinhardti had higher passage success than Pimelodus maculatus in the laboratory flume. Both species preferred areas of low to zero Reynolds shear-stress values. In addition, different preferences were observed for these species concerning the horizontal components of velocity fluctuation.

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Rodríguez, Teresa Teijeiro, J. Puertas Agudo, Luis Pena Mosquera, and E. Peña González. "Evaluating vertical-slot fishway designs in terms of fish swimming capabilities." Ecological Engineering 27, no. 1 (August 2006): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.09.015.

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Ballu, Aurélien, Gérard Pineau, Damien Calluaud, and Laurent David. "Experimental-Based Methodology to Improve the Design of Vertical Slot Fishways." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 145, no. 9 (September 2019): 04019031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001621.

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Hameed, Iman H., and Ali N. Hilo. "Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Slot Width on the Design of Vertical Slot Fishways." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1090, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1090/1/012094.

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Fjeldstad, Hans-Petter, Ulrich Pulg, and Torbjørn Forseth. "Safe two-way migration for salmonids and eel past hydropower structures in Europe: a review and recommendations for best-practice solutions." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 12 (2018): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18120.

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This review provides a summary of knowledge on two-way fish migration of salmonids and eels past hydroelectric plants in Europe. On the basis of a summary of international literature, general designs and recommendations for best practices for fish-pass facilities are provided. The review is part of the Norwegian SafePass project, which focuses on Atlantic salmon, brown trout, grayling and European eel. According to recent international recommendations, many existing European fishways for upstream migration do not have an optimal design. This is especially evident for denil and pool-and-weir fishways in inland areas with species such as grayling and brown trout. Based on the review, we generally recommend (1) using ramps, nature-like channels and vertical-slot fishways for these species and (2) reducing water drop between the pools in pool-and-weir fishways and reducing energy dissipation compared with the design of traditional Atlantic salmon ladders. There are few well-functioning passages for downstream migration of fish in Europe and significant progress has been made in the past decade to improve technology and knowledge. Several international studies have shown that physical structures, such as fine-mesh trash racks with alternative escape routes and bypass arrangements, provide >90% passage efficiency for downstream migration, especially for brown trout and salmon, and have, in recent years, shown good results also for silver eels.

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Puertas, Jerónimo, Luis Cea, María Bermúdez, Luís Pena, Álvaro Rodríguez, Juan R. Rabuñal, Luis Balairón, Ángel Lara, and Enrique Aramburu. "Computer application for the analysis and design of vertical slot fishways in accordance with the requirements of the target species." Ecological Engineering 48 (November 2012): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.05.009.

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Mader, Helmut, Andreas Brandl, and Sabine Käfer. "Design and Function Monitoring of an Enature® Vertical Slot Fish Pass in a Large Potamal River in Carinthia/Austria." Water 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020551.

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To establish good ecological status in European rivers, firstly there is the question of how to re-establish unhindered migration for fish at barriers. This article documents a project to re-establish longitudinal connectivity at a large epipotamal river at the Schwabeck Hydro Power Plant, Carinthia/Austria, from the selection of an appropriate fish pass system to the final function control. Instead of a standard vertical slot, the innovative enature® fish pass shape with a significant reduction of flow, velocities, energy dissipation rate, and turbulences, but with a clear enhancement of fish passage capability, was chosen. Using 2D hydraulic modelling and a statistical evaluation of fish passage, physical and ecological effects were reviewed, with the clear result that there is no identifiable, positive ecological effect on the number of fish migrating with an increase of concurrent flow in the fish pass. Passability and findability were monitored with the new FishCam, an automatic, precise, and constant (24/7 24 h a day, seven days a week) collection and pre-evaluation field data survey method which does not involve trapping of, contact with, or stress for fish. It was shown that the enature® fish pass enables an unhindered migration for all available fish species. As >99% of fish migrate from April to November, there is no ecological need to operate a fully functional fish pass year-round. Combining all the individual factors together, the fish pass at the Schwabeck Hydro Power Plant is an almost exemplary solution for a fully functioning restauration of the continuum with a minimized loss of generation of electricity.

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Umeda, Camila Yuri Lira, Guilherme de Lima, Johannes Gérson Janzen, and Marcio Ricardo Salla. "ONE- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF A VERTICAL-SLOT FISHWAY." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, May 21, 2017, 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2017.v11n1.099107.

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This paper compares the use of one-dimensional (1-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) numerical models to simulate the flow of a vertical-slot fishway. Prior to their application, the models are validated by comparing the predicted data with experimental data from a physical model. Then the numerical models are applied to calculate four critical hydraulic design parameters of vertical-slot fishways, i.e., flow speed, water depth, turbulent kinetic energy, and energy dissipation rate. Furthermore, the authors developed rating curves for flow rate and energy dissipation rate in terms of flow depth using data from the 1-D model. These curves have great utility for the operation of the vertical-slot fishway studied. The results indicate that 1-D modeling can be a useful tool for preliminary conservative design arrangements of vertical-slot fishways, and that 3-D modeling can be a useful tool to enable accurate representation of the critical hydraulic design parameters and selection of the most appropriate design.

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Baki, Abul Basar M., and Amir H. Azimi. "Hydraulics and design of fishways II: vertical-slot and rock-weir fishways." Journal of Ecohydraulics, September 27, 2021, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24705357.2021.1981780.

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Sanagiotto, Daniela Guzzon, Júlia Brusso Rossi, Luísa Lüdtke Lauffer, and Juan Martín Bravo. "Three-dimensional numerical simulation of flow in vertical slot fishways: validation of the model and characterization of the flow." RBRH 24 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.241920180174.

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ABSTRACT Vertical slot fishways allow energy dissipation as a function of the pool, longitudinal slope, baffle and vertical slot design. The mean and turbulent flow patterns in these structures must be compatible with the fish target. The design of these structures is commonly based on previous successful fishways as well as simplified theoretical equations and empirical relationships. To aid in the design of these structures, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the flow, and experimental studies were used to validate the model. The mean velocities, pressures and parameters indicative of turbulence were analyzed. The maximum flow velocities were up to 32% higher than the values obtained using a simplified theoretical equation. The evaluation of the volumetric dissipated power indicated that the mean value for the pool was lower than 150 W/m3; however, analysis of the spatial distribution showed that in some areas, the values can exceed 1000 W/m3. The results indicate that the numerical simulation was able to adequately represent the flow considering the computational cost involved. Accordingly, it can be used as a complementary tool for the design of new fishways and for the analysis of modifications in existing ones.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vertical-slot design fishway'

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